VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELGAUM-590018

INTERNSHIP REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted by

Anmay Gaonkar
2KE17EC010

Under the Guidance of

Name of the guide

Mr. Rakesh Hiremath

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

K. L. E. Institute of Technology,
Opposite to Airport, Gokul, Hubli – 580027.

2020-2021
 K. L. E. Society’s
K. L. E. Institute of Technology,
Opposite to Airport, Gokul, Hubli – 580027.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the “Internship report” submitted by Anmay Gaonkar with
USN: 2KE17EC010 of VIII Semester B.E., Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering is work done by him/her and submitted during 2020 – 2021
academic year, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of of
Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering of
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during academic year 2020-2021.

Guide Head of the Department Principal

Mr. Rakesh Hiremath Dr. Manu T. M. Dr. B. S. Anami

Name of the Examinars Signature with Date

1.

2.
Organizition Certificate Page
 DECLARATION

I,Anmay Gaonkar USN: 2KE17EC010, student of VIII Semester BE, in Electronics

and Communication Engineering, K.L.E. Institute of Technology hereby declare that the
Internship has been carried out by me and submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the VIII Semester degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and
Communication Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during
academic year 2020-2021.

Date : Name: Anmay Gaonkar

Place : USN : 2KE17EC010
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The internship opportunity I had with VI Solutions was a great chance for learning and
professional development. Therefore, I consider myself as a very lucky individual as I was
provided with an opportunity to be a part of it. I am also grateful for having a chance to meet
so many wonderful people and professionals who led me though this internship period.

Bearing in mind previous I am using this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude and
special thanks to the Manager of VI Solutions who in spite of being extraordinarily busy
with her/his duties, took time out to hear, guide and keep me on the correct path and allowing
me to carry out my project at their esteemed organization and extending during the training.
 Executive Summary

In a nutshell, this Internship was a useful and good experience. I have gained new
knowledge, skills. I got insight into professional practice. I got exposure to industry
environment.
Related to my study I learned how to apply theoretical knowledge and gained
practically. The internship was also good to find out what my strengths and
weaknesses, this helped me to define what skills and knowledge I have to improve
in the coming time. At last, this internship helped in enchancing my communication
skills, team work, time management and organizing projects.
 CONTENTS
Cover Page i
College Cerficate ii
Organizition Certificate iii
Declaration iv
Acknowledgement v
Executive Summary vi
Table of Contents vii
Chapter No. Name Page No.
1 About the company
1.1 Vision
1.2 Quality and Assurance
1.3 Maintaing Relations
1.4 Bridging the gap with academia
1.5 LabVIEW Consultancy
1.6 Products and Services
2 Aboutt the Department
2.1 Vison
2.2 Mission
3 Tasks Performed
3.1 Introduction to LabVIEW
3.2 Introduction to Virtual Instruments
3.2.1 Front Panel
3.2.2 Control Panel
3.2.3 Block Diagram
3.2.4 Functions Palette
3.2.5 Case Structure
3.2.6 While Loop
3.2.7 For Loop
3.2.8 Shift Registor
3.2.9 Event Structures
3.2.10 Arrays
3.2.11 Clusters
3.2.12 File I/O
3.3 NI DAQmx Programming
3.3.1 DAQ Assitant
3.3.2 DAQmx Programming
3.3.3 Result
3.4 Machine Learning
3.4.1 Methods of Machine Learning
3.4.2 BP Production using k-NN Algorithm
3.4.3 k-Nearest Neighbour Algorithm
3.4.4 k-NN Algorithm Breakdown
3.4.5 k-NN Algorithm Implementation
3.4.6 Health Status Prediction Implementation
3.5 Deep Learning
3.5.1 Machine vs Deep Learning
3.5.2 Architecture of Deep Learning
3.5.3 Working of Neuron
3.6 Industrial Internet of Things
3.6.1 Remote Monitoring & Control Mobile
Device
3.6.2 Shared Variables in Applications
3.6.3 TCP/IP comm. for Local Network
3.6.4 TCP/IP Server
3.6.5 TCP/IP Client
3.6.6 Cloud Communication
3.6.7 Google Firebase
3.6.8 Web-based Communication
4 Reflection Notes
4.1 My Experience
4.2 Specific Technical Outcomes
4.3 Non-Technical Outcomes
References
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CHAPTER 1
About The Company

1.1 Vision
VI Solutions is an automation Company and a pioneer in providing Systems, Solutions
and Products for a wide range of industries and applications. Headquartered in
Bangalore, India, VI Solutions was founded by a pool of live wire professionals having
several years of combined technical and corporate expertise in providing high quality,
cost-effective and complete end-to-end solutions to its valued customers. All our team
members are highly qualified in their respective fields and have years of industrial
experience behind them.

VI Solutions is specialized in the design and realization of turnkey machines and tools.
As an engineering company, we are known for our expertise in automated assembly
lines, process automation, data acquisition and visual inspection. VI Solutions is one of
the leading companies in building Advanced Communication Systems, Real Time
Embedded Systems and other Industrial Automation services for applications in
Department of Defense, Aerospace and Educational Institutions.

VI Solutions was started with the aim of always staying at the cutting-edge of
automation technology and thereby providing the most appropriate technology for
every automation application. VI Solutions is focused on becoming a leader in the
development of test and measurement and industrial automation software and systems.
We are proud of the current products and services we offer and we look forward to
contribute to future innovations in virtual instrumentation and automation technology.

The company’s motto also states that "Engineering Manpower to provide global
solutions".

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1.2 Quality and Assurance

The one thing is that they are fanatical about is Quality. They do not compromise on
the quality of content delivered in any form either verbal or written. They also take
pride in the fact that they go to any length to ensure that their products and services
exceed our expectations.

Fig.1.1

1.3 Maintaining Relations

VI Solutions is like a family, they discuss, and they debate! When we associate with
them, we become part of the group. Their association does not end with delivery of a
service or product in fact that just the start.

Fig.1.2

1.4 Bridging The Gap With Academia

Our technology programs bring industry and academia together. Industry partners can
drive the development of new technologies based on breakthroughs coming from the
fundamental research being performed at institutions. In return, the universities get

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market insight and can draw on the industry experience of our partners to help focus
their research activities.

VI Solutions is innovation in the field of education, a challenge to not just keep

up but outsmart and set new industry standards. India's talent shortages are hitting the
bottom line of business and are reflected in the increase in attrition rates of skilled
manpower and wage inflation in various business verticals. This situation is
compounded by the increase in demand for skilled and semi-skilled manpower in
various sectors. The biggest uncertain in the economy growth of a country is the lack
of quality trained professional. In India we definitely do not lack in the number but we
lack a lot in level of professional education.

We thoroughly believe that by simply improving the quality of education we

can uplift India's economic and technological status and thus we bring together the
BEST to create the BEST. At VI Solutions we encourage innovation in all forms,
teaching methods, courses structure etc. We believe that education is beyond classroom
lectures. Learning cannot be limited to a classroom or to a lecture, because everything
we do teaches us a lesson.

We, a premier technology firm invite all the budding professionals to quench
their thirst for innovative academic projects, through us. We are one of the leading firms
in India that provides Project Assistance to M.Tech/MCA/B.Tech/BCA/B.sc/Diploma
graduates and technical training in various programming languages.

We facilitate students to do their academic projects under the guidance of industry

professionals. Selected candidates are offered assistance to do projects in latest
technologies in Electronics, Electrical, Telecommunication, Medical Electronics,
Instrumentation and Civil.
Our projects are rated as Best Academic Projects in many reputed Engineering Colleges
in South India by virtue of our quality delivery and innovative approach.

Students get an opportunity to work on these projects rather than understanding already
implemented projects. Thus students undergoing projects in our institute get

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opportunities to learn various aspects of project lifecycle including requirement

analysis, prototyping, architecting, coding, testing, deployment etc. This approach
helps to develop students as true professionals, fully equipped with all the needed skill
sets required to get employed in top notch IT companies.

1.5 LabVIEW Consultancy

Expertise at VI Solutions has years of experience to select the needed hardware and
software for your application. We can assist you in the crucial stages of your LabVIEW
application / design, involving hardware such as

• Compact-RIO
• Compact-DAQ
• PXI
• Compact Field point
• WSN (Wireless Sensor Network)

VI Solutions is more than qualified to give your company an in-depth training. Often
we get the question from our customers where they can find a good training for large
scale application development. Their questions concern :

• Graphical User Interface Development

• Scalable "plug-and-play" architectures
• Software design rules, such as bottom-up approaches
• How to create customized driver libraries
• How to integrate LabVIEW programs with their machinery and many more...

Many of our customers aren't even aware of what they can do with LabVIEW. Most of
the times, people use LabVIEW for test and measurement but not for GUI design, large
application development or complete machine control (HMI included).

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In a nutshell, you will learn how to unleash the power of LabVIEW during
onsite training. There will be plenty of time spent on questions concerning your specific
application development and there is also the possibility to customize your training
schedule and training contents. The big training blocks are,
• Windows based application development
• Real-time based application development: learn to get the maximum out of your
cRIO or PXI platform
• FPGA based application development: learn how to implement a custom I/O
protocol using an FPGA, see how to fit an entire control algorithm on an FPGA
and get your FPGA target to stream data back and forth to (1) a realtime
processor, (2) another FPGA target or (3) get data from supported DAQ devices.

1.6 Products and Services

At VI Solutions, our resources are focused on innovation, quality, and superior value
for our customers. We work closely with our customers to understand their
requirements, which enable us to provide innovative solutions to meet their specific
needs. VI Solutions significant growth is an indication of our track record of success
upon this commitment. We have separate business divisions with dedicated focus to
offer the best possible solutions.. These are:
1. Embedded Systems Division.
2. Automated Test Equipment (ATE) and Data Acquisition Division.
3. Electronic Manufacturing/Military Production Support Division.
4. Wire and Wireless Communication.

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Fig.1.3

CHAPTER 2
About The Department
The Department of Electronis and Communication Engineering was established in the
year 2008-2009 under the aminient leadership of DR, Basavraj S Anami, Principal with
the intake of 60 students, It is one of the evolving Engineering streams. Eectronics and
Communiction Engineering is Accredited by NBA for three years (2018-2021). The
Department has a research center recognized by Visvesvarya technological university
Belgaum. The intake for UG is increased to 120 in 2014-15.

2.1 Vision
Prepare a professional embodied with competence and values to meet the challenges in
the field of Electronics and Communication Engineering.

2.2 Mission
• By providing hands on experience with state-of-the-art hardware and software
infrastructure enhancing competence of commited facukty to eet the
requirements of industry and research institutions.
• By providing theortical and practical foundation and design and development
skills necessary for life log learning.
• By organizing value addition courses and continuous industry-institute
interactions for bridging the gap between academic and industry

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• By imbibing human values and ethics to make them socially responsible

professionals.

CHAPTER 3
Tasks Performed
WEEK TASKS COMPLETED
1 LabVIEW
2 DAQ Programming
3 Machine Learning
4 Deep Learning
5 Internet of Things

3.1 Introduction to LabVIEW

LabVIEW stands for Laboratory Virtual Industrial Engineering Workbench. is a
graphical programming language that uses icons instead of lines of text to create
applications. In contrast to text-based programming languages, where instructions
determine the order of program execution, LabVIEW uses datafloe programming, wher
the flow of data through the nodes on the block diagram determines the order of the Vis
and functions.
In LabVIEW, you build a user interface by using a set of tools and objects. The
user interface is known as the front panel. You then add code using a graphical
representation of function to control the front panel objects. This graphical source
code isalso known as G code or block diagram code.

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3.2 Introduction to Virtual Instruments

LabVIEW programs are called virtual instruments, or VIs, because their appearance
and operation imitate a physical instruments, such as oscilloscopes and multimeters.
Every VI uses functions that manipulate input from the user interface or other sources
and display that information or move it to other files or other computers.
A VI contains the following three components,
• Front panel -Serves as the user interface.
• Block diagram- contains the graphical source code that defines the functionality
of the VI.
• Icon and connector pane-Identifiers the interface to the VI so that you can use
the VI,A VI within another VI is called subVI,A subVI corresponds to a
subroutine in text-based programming languages.

3.2.1 Front panel

The front panel is the user interface of the VI.The following figures shows an example
of front panel.

You build a front panel using controls and indicators, which are the interactive input
and output terminals of the VI, respectively. Controls are knobs, Push button,dials,and
other input mechanisms. Indicators are graphs, LEDs, and other output displays,
Controls simulate instrument input mechanisms and supply data to the block diagram
of the VI. Indicators simulate instrument output mechanisms and display data the block
diagram acquires or generates.

3.2.2 Control palette

The controls palette is a available only on the front panel.The Controls palette contains
and indicators you use to create the front panel.The control and indicators are located
on subpalettes based on the types of controls and indicators.

3.2.3 Block Diagram

After you build the front panel,you add code using graphical representions of functions
to control the panel objects.The block diagram contains this graphical source code,also

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known as G code or block diagram code.Front panel objects appear as terminal on the
block diagram.

3.2.4 Functions palette

The Functions palette is available only on the block diagram.The Functions palette
contains the Vis and functions you use to build the block diagram.The VIs and functions
are located on subplatted based on the types of Vis and functions.

3.2.5 Case Structure

A case structure has two or more subdiagrams, or cases.
Only one subdiagram is visible at a time, and the structure executes only one case at a
time.An input value determine which subdiagram executes. The case structure is similar
to switch statements or if…then….else statement in text-based programming
languages.
You must wire an integer, Boolean value,string, or eni=umerated tyoe value to the
selector terminal.You can position the selector terminal anywhere on the left border the
case of structure .If the data types of the selector terminal is Boolean , the structure has
a True case and a False case.If the selector terminal is an integer,string,or enumerated
type value, the structure can have any number of cases.

3.2.6 While loop

Similar to a Do loop or a Repeat-until loop in text-based programming languages, a
While loop, executes the code it contains until a condition occurs.
The while loop executes the code it contains until the conditional termilnal, an input
terminal, receves a specific Boolean value.
We also can perform basic error handling using the condition terminal of a while loop.
When you wire an error cluster to the conditional terminal,only the True or False value
of the status parameter of the cluster passes to the terminal.Also, the stop if the True
and continue if True shortcut menu items change to stop if Error and continue while
loop.

3.2.7 For Loop

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A For loop executes a subdiagram a set number of items. The count terminal is an input
terminal whose value indicates how many times to repeat the subdiagram.
The iteration terminal is an output terminal that contains the number of completed
The For Loop differs from the While Loop in that the For Loop executes a set number
of times. A While Loop stops executing only if the value at conditional terminal exists.

3.2.8 Shift Register

When programming with loops, you often must access data from previous iterations of
the loop in LabVIEW. For example, if you are acquiring one piece of data in each
iteration of a loop and must average every five pieces of data, you must retain the data
from previous iterations of the loop.
Use shift registers when you want to pass values from previous itrerations through the
loop to the next iteration. A shift register appears as a pair of terminals directly opposite
each other on the vertical sides of the loop border.
The terminal on the right side of the loop contains an up arrow and stores data on the
completion of an iteration. LabVIEW tranfers the data connected to the right side of the
register to the next iteration.
After the loop executes, the terminal on the right side of the loop returns the last value
stored in the shift register.
A shift register transfers any data type and automatically changes to the data type of the
first object wired to the shift register. The data you wire to the terminals of each shift
register must be the same type.

3.2.9 Event Structure

Waits until an event occurs, then executes the appropriate case to handle that event. The
Event Structur has one or more subdiagram, or event cases, exactly one of which
executes when the structure executes to handle an event. This structure can time out
while waiting for notification of an event. Wire a value to the Timeout terminal at the
top left of the Event structure to specify the number of miiliseconds the Event structure
waits for an event. The default is -1, which indicates never to time out.

3.2.10 Arrays

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Sometimes it is beneficial to group related data. Use arrays and clusters to group related
data in LabVIEW. Arrays combine data points of the same data type into one data
structure, and clusters combine data points of multiple data types into one data structure.
An array consists of elements and dimensions. A dimension is the length, height, or
depth of an array. An array can have one or more dimensions and as many as (231) -1
element per diension, memory permitting.
We can build arrays of numeric, Boolean, path, string, waveform, and cluster data types.
Consider using arrays when you work with a collection similar data points and when
you perform repetative computations. Arrays are ideal for storing data you collect from
waveforms or data generated in loops, where each itration of a loop produces one
element of the array.

3.2.11 Clusters
Clusters group data elemenst of mixed types. An example of a cluster is the LabVIEW
error cluster, which combines a Boolean value, a numeric value, and a string. A cluster
is similar to a record or a struct in text-based programming languages.
Bundling several data elements into clusters eliminates wire clutter on the block
diagram and reduces the number of connector pane terminals that subVIs need. The
connector pane has, at most, 28 terminals. If your front panel contains more than 28
controls and indicators that you want to pass to another VI, group some of them into a
cluster and assign the cluster to a terminal on the computer pane.

3.2.12 File I/O

File I/O operations pass data to and from files. Use the File I/O Vis and functions on
the File I/O palette to handle all aspects of file I/O, including the following:
• Opening and closing data files
• Reading data from and writing data to files
• Reading from and writing to spreadsheet-formatted files
• Moving and renaming files and directories
• Changing file characteristics
• Creating, modifying, and reading a configuration file.

3.3 NI DAQmx Programming

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3.3.1DAQ Assistant

Fig.3.1 DAQ Assitant

DAQ Assistant is a graphical interface for interactively creating, editing, and running
NI-DAQmx virtual channels and tasks. An NI-DAQmx virtual channel consists of a
physical channel on a DAQ device and the configuration information for this physical
channel, such as input range and custom scaling. An NI-DAQmx task is a collection of
virtual channels, timing and triggering information, and other properties regarding the
acquisition or generation.

3.3.2 DAQmx Programming

There are five steps which should considered for DAQmx programming, they are

Create Configure Acquire

Start Task Clear Task
Task Task Data

Fig.3.2 Block Diagram

• The NI-DAQmx Create Virtual Channel function creates a virtual channel and
adds it to a task.
• The NI-DAQmx Timing function configures the timing for hardware-timed data
acquisition operations. This includes specifying whether the operation will be
continuous or finite, selecting the number of samples to acquire or generate for
finite operations, and creating a buffer when needed.
• The NI-DAQmx Start Task function explicitly transitions a task to the running
state. In the running state, the task performs the specified acquisition or
generation.

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• The NI-DAQmx Read function reads samples from the specified acquisition
task. The NI-DAQmx Write function writes samples to the specified generation
task.
• The NI-DAQmx Clear Task function clears the specified task. If the task is
currently running, the function first stops the task and then releases all of its
resources.

3.3.3 Result

NI-DAQmx saves development time and improve the performance of data

acquisition applications. One of the ways NI-DAQmx saves development time is
by providing an API that requires only a small number of functions to expose
the majority of its functionality.

3.4 Machine Learning – Graphical System Design

Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems
the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly
programmed. Machine learning focuses on the development of computer programs that
can access data and use it learn for themselves.
The process of learning begins with observations or data, such as examples, direct
experience, or instruction, in order to look for patterns in data and make better decisions
in the future based on the examples that we provide. The primary aim is to allow the
computers learn automatically without human intervention or assistance and adjust
actions accordingly.

Fig.3.3 General Machine Learning Flow

3.4.1 Methods of Machine Learning:

a. Supervised Learning

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b. Unsupervised Learning

a. Supervised Learning:

Supervised Learning refers to the generalization of the relationship (function) between

the input data and their corresponding outputs (labels). The relationship (function) is
learned through a training set of examples, each of which is a pair of an input data and
a desired output. During the training, the error between the actual and the desired
outputs is frequently feedback into the system for tuning the system parameters
according to certain learning rule.
After the training, the performance of the learned relationship (function) should be
evaluated on a test set (of examples) that is separate from the training set.

Fig.3.4 Supervised Learning

Supervised learning is useful for pattern recognition, function regression, etc. One
example of applications is recognition of handwriting numbers. A supervised classifier
can be trained with a reservoir of handwriting numbers, each with a label (the true
numbers it represents). Having been validated on a separate test set, the trained
classifier can be used for fast and accurate recognition of future handwriting numbers.

b. Unsupervised Learning:

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Unsupervised learning refers to the problems of revealing hidden structure in unlabeled

data. Since the data are unlabeled, there is no error signal feedback to the learner in the
algorithm. This distinguishes unsupervised learning.

Fig.3.5 Unsupervised Learning

Clustering is one of the main and important approaches of unsupervised learning.
Clustering means the assignment of class memberships to a set of objects so that similar
objects are assigned into the same class and dissimilar ones are assigned into different
classes. Each class often represents a meaningful pattern in the respective problem.
Clustering is thereby useful for identification of different patterns in data. For example,
in image processing, clustering can be used to divide a digital image into distinct
regions for border detection or object recognition.

3.4.2 BP Prediction using k-NN Algorithm

The k-NN algorithm is used to predict new data based on the trained data set. The health
status of the patients and their BPM data are structured in a database and it is fed to the
k-NN algorithm to train. Once the algorithm is trained if any new BPM data is given to
the trained k-NN algorithm, it then predicts the health status.

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Table 2.1 Health Status

3.4.3 k-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm

k-NN algorithm assumes the similarity between the new data and available data and put
the new case into the category that is most similar to the available categories.

Fig.3.6 k-Nearest Neighbour

3.4.4 k-NN Algorithm Breakdown:

1. Load the known data and labels (class)

2. Initialize K to choose the number of neighbors
3. Load the new data
4. Calculate the distance between the new data with each known data points.

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5. Sort the ordered collection and indices from smallest to largest by the distances.
6. Pick the first K entries from the sorted collection
7. Get the labels of the selected K entries
8. Return the mode of the K label which has the maximum entry.

3.4.5 k-NN Algorithm Implemented in LabVIEW

Fig.3.7 Implementation

3.4.6 Health Status Prediction Implementation

1. Load the csv data set using File IO.

2. Separate data and labels using array functions
3. Feed BPM data and labels to the k-NN function
4. Feed new BPM data for which the health status should be predicted
5. Take the predicted label out and display

Fig.3.8 Health Prediction

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Optical Character Recognition:

Optical character recognition or optical character reader (OCR) is the electronic or

mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-
encoded text, whether from a scanned document, a photo of a document, a scene-photo
(for example the text on signs and bill boards in a landscape photo) or from subtitle text
superimposed on an image.

3.5 Deep Learning Using Graphical Programming

Deep learning is subset of Machine learning which is inspired by the structure
and function of the brain called artificial nueral networks and it imitates the way human
gain certain types of knowledge.Deep learning includes statics and predictive
modelling.It is extremely beneficial for for the task with collecting,analysing and
interpreting large amounts of data.deep learning makes this process faster and easier.

3.5.1 Machine vs Deep Learning

Machine Learning is a supervised learning process, and programmer has to be
extremely specific when telling the machine what types of features it should be looking
for Machine learing to design.This process is called feature extraction, and Machine
success rate depends entirely upon programmer’s ability to accuretly define a features.

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Fig.3.9

Table 2.2 Features

The advantage of deep learning is the program builds the feature set by itself without
supervision with help of Artificial Neural Network(ANN).Unsupervisied learning is
not only faster,but it is usually more accurate.

3.5.2 Architecture of Deep Learning

Deep Learning Architecture is formed by interconnecting multiple layers.Basic
Architecture will have 1 input layer,1 ouptput layer and one or more hidden layer based
on the complexity of Application.Each layer hold a set of neurons in a input layer is
equal to number of samples feeding to the network. Number of neurons in a last layer
is based on the functionality of Application.If the Application is for classification , then
number of neurons equal is equal to number of classes.Number of neuron in hidden
layer is decided by Kernal size,Filter,Stride and Padding.

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Fig.3.11 Architecture of Deep Learning

3.5.3 Working for Neuron

The functionality of neurons is reading the input from previous layer and multiple those
input with weight and added with Bias.The final ouput is feed to activation
function.Activation function decideds, whether the value from this neuron should be
fired or not.
Neuron ouput=∑(Xi*Wi)+B

Fig.3.12 Working of Neuron

This working will carried out till output layer. In output layer, network will calculate
the loss.If loss value is high, the network performs back propogation to update the
weights on network using the below formula.
Wj(t+1)=Wj(t)+n(d-y)x
Where
Wj(t+1) -- New weight

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Wj(t) -- old weight

n -- Learning rate
d -- Desired rate
y -- Actual value
x -- input

Intiallizing Feed input and Update weight and Repeat step2 and 3
weight and bias calculate loss bias till network

Fig.3.13 Block Diagram

In the above figure,
• The weights are initialiazed with the threshold.
• The feed input provides the input and calculates the output by the cost function.
• The weights are updated and steps 2 & 3 are repeated for more training to obtain
greater accuracy.

3.6 Industrial Internet of Things in Graphical System Design

Equipping your “things” with connected and synchronized measurement and

control technologies unlock insights that can increase uptime, boost performance, and
drive innovation all while reducing operational costs. Those insights, however , hinge
on the availability of accurate and reliable and real-world data. With NI’s technology
providing unmatched capabilities in measurement, control, ruggedness, and
connectivity, along with our expert ecosystem, you can realize the benefits of the
Industrial Internet Of Things (IIOT)

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today. The world economy will gretly change in the next decade as new Internet enabled
applications are likely to be disruptive and innovative as well as have a large economic
impact. This will affect many industries and sectors, as already seen in consumer sectors
like hotels (Airbnb) and taxis (Uber). This trend is also noticeable in the industry, for
example, Germany’s Industry 4.0 initiative. Within Industry 4.0 or the Industrial IoT
(IIot), the focus is on integration and better use of existing technologies. In this sense,
industry, machines, products, and people are all digitally connected. Manufacturers are
mass producing be spoke products in quanties of one. Intelligent software in the cloud
connects enterprize IT systems with the operational world,machines, devices, and
sensors to control and optimize production flow.

Fig.3.14

3.6.1 Remote Monitoring & Control- Mobile device

The evolution of the web and mobile devices has changed how we interact with our
surroundings. Remote monitoring and control of LabVIEW-based systems from a
mobile platform is an increasingly important aspect to a flexible and efficient system.
Data Dashboard for LabVIEW is a mobile application that enables the creation of
custom user interfaces that can monitor and control LabVIEW applications remotely.
This tutorial describes some of the more advanced capabilities of data dashboard and
assumes some familiarity with the product.

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3.6.2 Shared Variables in Applications with data Dashboard

Shared variables interact with the host application through the LabVIEW shared
Variable Engine (SVE) and the updates are handled through the Publish Subscribe
Protocol (NI-PSP). For data dashboard to have access to these variables, they must be
deployed to the SVE through a library project item. Each variable in the library will be
deployed and the SVE will reserve a memory space for it. They will remain in the
memory space as part of the LabVIEW process whether data dashboard is interacting
with them or not. With larger data types that can vary in size (strings and arrays) it is
important to remember that mobile devices are very different from a full development
system.

Fig.3.15
LabVIEW code:

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Fig.3.16

Data Dashboard:

Fig.3.17

3.6.3 TCP/IP communication for Local Network

Internet Protocol (IP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) are the basic tools for network communication. The name TCP/IP
comes from two of the best-known protocols of the internet protocol suite, the
Transmission Control Protocol and the internet Protocol. With TCP/IP you can
communicate over single networks or interconnected networks (Internet).

3.6.4 TCP/IP Server:

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Fig.3.18

3.6.5 TCP/IP Client:

Fig.3.19
LabVIEW users can develop custom applications for TCP/IP communication. The
programmer is responsible for developing both the client and the server.
Because anyone can initiate a connection to a server, you might want server access
control. The following block diagram shows how the server uses the remote address
output value of the TCP Listen VI to determine whether a remote client has permission
to access the server.

3.6.6 Cloud Communication:

All cloud computing platforms securely send and receive data, use strong authentication
and authorization methods, and use encryption. The majority also have audit
capabilities. Communication protocols are responsible for the network connectivity to
the server. Protocols like Wi-Fi, Ethernet, cellular, and LoRaWAN are all
communication protocols that provide this level of connectivity. Application protocols
sit on top of them to communicate application-specific messages.
Multiple standards handle the communication between devices and the cloud. As
application requirements differ, specific IoT protocols have been developed and
therefore the confusion is understandable. Protocols may even have multiple
implementations and IoT platforms may have proprietary IoT solutions. To provide a
universal solution, devices, applications, and platforms need to be interoperable.

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Cloud computing refers to a flexible way of delivering hardware, software, or data

resources via the network on a user’s request. This is opposite to the use of running a
software application on a local computer.

3.6.7 Google Firebase:

The Firebase Realtime Database is a cloud-hosted database. Data is stored as JSON and
synchronized in real-time to every connected client. When you build cross-platform
apps with our iOS, Android, and JavaScript SDKs, all of your clients share one
Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

3.6.8 Web-based Communication with a LabVIEW

A web client can exchange data with a remote LabVIEW stand-alone application
over a network through LabVIEW Web services. A Web service consists of VIs and
other files running on a server that respond to HTTP requests from clients.

Fig.3.20
Web services are useful in the following situations:
Users can invoke the Web service VIs with any HTTP-capable web client, including a
standard web browser, to exchange data using a URL and standard HTTP methods such
as,

For example:

• Uploading new parameters to an application

• Retrieving current state or status.

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CHAPTER 4

Reflection Notes

4.1 My Experience

The Internship was of 5 weeks in total. It was a good experience to participate in

this Internship. It helped me to learn new technical as well as soft skills as both
were part of the curriculum. The technical skills introduced me to new concepts
in Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Industrial Internet of Things using
LabVIEW.

Later, after getting famalirized with LabVIEW, some tasks were assigned to us.
It was great experience to work with the company people, we also got to know
and understand different ideas and methods to carry out the tasks.

The Insternship was also helpful to understand the working of the company and
how to communicate with their employees. It was helpful to make some new
friends of different colleges.

The non-technical skills that are, soft skills like communication skills were also
conducted during the internship. Activities to make us work as a team were also
conducted, which were fun as well as knowledgeable. All these activities gave us
an all-round experience on the day to day works carried out by the company.

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4.2 Specific Technical Outcomes

• LabVIEW Environment: In the internship, we made use of LabVIEW

palletes, tools, and menus to build the front panels and most importantly
the block diagrams of VIs. LabVIEW includes three palettes, they are The
Controls palette, The Functions palette and the Tools pallete. We can
customize the Controls and Functions palletes, and we can set several
work environment options.

• NI DAQmx Programming: It is a graphical interface for interactivity

creating, editing and running NI-DAQ virtual channel and tasks. It is also
used for data aquistion methods from list of tasks, research verification,
manufacturing and monitoring.

• NI Analytical Machine Learning Toolkit: This toolkit was used for ML

where data is collected, features are extracted, model creation, model
validation and then model deployment. NI colour classification training
interface for images was also used. Algorithms such as K-nearest
neighbour were also implemented.

• NI Deep Learning and IoT: Based on ML, inputs were used such as
pixels, and trained to an algorithm to get the output for image recognition
and all. Training process was very important for such applications. Later,
on how industrial IoT was used by the help of cloud connectivity such as
Google cloud platforms.

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4.3 Non-Technical Outcomes

There were 5-6 sessions of Soft-Skills conducted during the period of Internship. The
following are the non-technical outcomes of the Internship:
• Communication Skills: Working in this company helped me to improve my
communication skills and taught different approaches to communicate with
my superiors and my teammates and other colleagues.

• Team Building Skills: The Instructor also carried out many group activities,
by forming teams and teaching how to co-ordinate and co-operate with the
team members. The activities were fun as well as mentally challenging.

• Time Mangement: The 4-week Internship also helped us to learn many

things on time management. As the deadline for our project was determined
beforehand, we needed to utilize our time properly and use the given time
properly. The Co-Ordinator also carried out many activities to teach
importance of time management and suggested some ways how we can best
utilize our time.

• Resource Utilization Skills: The Company provided us with all the materials
we needed to study for carrying out our project. It included all the PPTs and
PDFs they used to explain the topics. We also got instructions on how to
utilize the information on the internet to best understand and learn about a
topic and utilize those resources for working on our project.

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References

[1] International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication

Engineering ISO 3297:2007 Certified Vol. 5, Issue 9, September 2016
[2] International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume
32 Number 2- February 2016
[3] International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, May 2017

[4] Sagar J. S. T. M. S. Balamurugan and J. A. Vivek, “A wireless framework for

automotive monitoring systems,” in Indian Journal of Science and Technology,
Vol 8(19), IPL0146,
August 2015
[5] content://com.sec.android.app.sbrowser/readinglist/07 21190655.mhtml

[6] https://www.hackster.io/techmirtz/using-16x2-lcdwith-arduino-d89028

[7] https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/ArduinoUnoWiF

[8] https:// theengineeringprojects.com

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