Itt'Fff (S: /RFLFF
Itt'Fff (S: /RFLFF
-'*-^-
ftsr"t fm, t&qlcs csc B?rrq frB{ qgF ftBl it< qrqrv< F;<f
)
carrs ryq <lEqI{ fre$fr qdiq TlF.? qlfitr< mr {l\3{f{ {< tt {,t
afl*r,fr Fi{r a{EI {rqrs qrIl-fireq .: frerrq fi=W oc< cnrfi{EvTr{ {<Tft
qirrK rcI nsa qlnrr< (fltt6< \oser< ET r fug sf[s qr{a lrluara 6qql
ft-cq : q ql Gi?rq afl*ttF c{ql "it,+rs q<{rs sr< L{<( frrsrm< 1frn ns Krq?
qtqrclm {Jl"rc< <r<-ql fiq a'r< I ,-c qrm qdlq q}m{ IETfr{ ugd ntr< eia
qqn ["rs cqfrse \or<l qtsqlcs ffii 4,c{-<[E 69r{l{ f<-ss s-{r{ <I{{ er{.q Fr{
6E{K <tq-{ qlAlr< nft\ TTIqA< qITs q$-q-{ E-o"frfq t(.6gq sf$ET-{
gr6-e1+
ET< ars <mK qafl €foqq *1 1 f6go'ra efrq sXgtr{Ch-{rs Tlvts Vffirta
eqF F{T Eq {<(\rqT'\ffiq-< trfr qq cqq liTGCB s et-cqE-{ |
fteffi qttex "i{ "i<I 8T tfurl Cst-"||A <rwf, q'll-fc{-< Tfl"lRT \5}T{fs
oa< F-li rrroB ffif6
1fr<l< 1B or< I (wrl :rE< "n-< fi T< qlf<ftr<
, ffi E"rf<q{ lret-fr-{ qej{ frrc :r{q qlsqTm flttB ,qqrq f{srs 6-<l {s
€<( q{.{ faorq kq,(>) rre,r-irQ, (r.) qftT{,(s) qfrrgfr, (8) !la] e (a)
usqn I qmlcq< qlrflul f+s'{ Tiqflft frW"f< xqR Rq qr<g=strE I qq {rcq
"tr< of1-1ffi frrm
q6ffi ql6q tsr< q{Ir+ fllBlnF vtr< <=tI {T{ fl, qlq
<Tsqr< gs-lflqrerq wRg {TqlTA frvrE q-dffiD
qlBE rw+ frm 'tfis
<creE "c-{i mefr frq,(>) wffifiq (\) q-{ltQa&, (u[lflE-{, 1s;fr+lw6 ,1c1
<q<, ('e) <sV1, (q) qrr* s (u) <ffi 6gt-fl qTq r qqflQe& cgi-{K qrql:$l
e{r< s <(e{< 5uTEr{ qTcflKI E-s6E q-{fto Cq-fr1 nql cofufEqm &-{ RTwlTA
f<-w'B qT.fffi ,.{stqj .!<(.!TE ca-fi-g q<q rrql I
8
f&ra< {bqrl
>xaaIg?rcqc<sBr..qs{]ds-{ffi<sirrc-{Xtrqr'flq(gT{r<s?r'rq
<Tq-fit cq43 qr{ s <rqrTa 6q{r{
{8,18o .!s-< qr-sn frfo ogffi dBfl qrq q(1w a-fl qr
aa6 .d.wr si<rfi {ffi<Tq cst-qi{
I
nwTA ffiqm )bqq cqrd )bbo "rdv b {Etr*-{ Rqrq frqt {.lT 6q, qqtr{
qr{rc \ooTo r{m ,rqt rfv q6ut frq 1) % cetq \b%
q,fu r
'nffu e)% "r{s
qm qf{r q{{rr(tRoq-Erfls cm'r {m r ffiEI]T Sr{{-bq
.
q,6sT{ 6rrf-,rfhn; um
"tRffq q-{cr-r[ pq qrtr{ s{r. \81 frry 91-qe ,lv](rr? rFTqrEIft
QIFF r
emfl ffiqE qErbhs flrlT{B qEF (E-Err xv vr{ (qr{trm rTrdrs' qEfu
Yb rlE-l(:I cq6F {.{ftE SV rtE.l(rf ?|{v fi'fl CTq r
Tr{em-q: €l'ffio wTd rrarlrrfo rTs'{ (qrs?T) fiIrd w(Irqv Es* frq rejc<,
hq <-,sr,ry <tcs afl-rs {<( sfi
cqrsl fsqi.l fkET srs1q fi{1 fln I
g
.r:J qE$L'i:i <r9<i'l
qH-<r{qsqr<+5{r{mq-{q€qrrs(q.qpud<rs[6q-<.<Iqtr€R
q-1srq <l
<<(m+ts) qdrs qlqE, T-qnq qr qrfr<trq 1D udr< trr< o-+fl' qfi
'qrfr'{tq qis c41 r cfft+ qcKI TI{Ect, {qlET<s es.fu {.{ISTr<I3 {C5i
qrrs sfi fus c fi-rft-{ qrq <r+f;
fu s wrTI{I cq-<\5m qftq< T{t {ot qG
qFfi qR
fqq lt r sfi !e< q]r S &q <cq RfrE {@ I
\
c
<r<;i i'<e{ { Tr'g7-'€ ?s-lz'r:( d"".€T
goffi efitsfu
.--1i-r-a a.1e-ir2a.
qq'l CsTa r+-ia tr'qf-f irg {cir41}
1,:.:E),.r , o.-
...zr,rrd.(
.''*. rfS: 1c g{('Ei i,
];-"=.;=;;;* , a6tg 'tf?irelci'
1p.f.t. i Yl'i.' ; ;!a1'; ifn< 9F"l:d61 "*
ae*ar{r;r'{srs<*u'*'o'";r'rii@'lf<a'{?[{g'+'rr+E;iNltr<1' a]x (aIr<'Q CC W',l <z<g
;ica<
q;{lccf < sl't,Tt< B1 qQ'rR<q
Etal rd-ia.{acr$tf
{c{ {r{ q{
ekao ci(6 6€1x {{1
i
qqn
-igffi< fii-rs <rfi dTn6 6-;1ef'(t'<
eeclit{< ex xr+-rqf+ q'T[{ 4rT grrtrc ofr
q-ft <Bo ?wrfr-sx' 6ia-o s'Ki u* '
€rE{ "{1c$ ffi +fi '#"t<
o,-.f-196g oT(Q.
q$ {ar
f,"m <K€t{€q u".suBg {a
t
lqPqq{ u
i
$ rnrft'5-+tu<ae
atl-{ t'nv$cs 6k< fr<ll' 4 {li
s6q. iE<'fu "gr< Fr+i-<6 ${
fl{Fr< CTU 1{^'m 1 <r<g Igq=< ESTrlci t
E-fuft ftf}rco
ga< fi{i<-<qa {l{ <rEq cq' xsq fgfi-rq< 'cofr
<rffiTlfuflRqs6fr'9fuol""d;gnr"r<E-caq"fisoqJ{te'-qqcffiqrq r tuq frftnls
ffi e*e {ria, "#H;;#
ffi=-"*fi'Ereq
flqirq< ;# efrF *try qs'fs {rqory
$<,h of;q-< w'f- lqq r fia'
fl' <6flq <eE' fii4q"{< s <rq-il{l
c<ffo alrs 'c sr-flrd Fecrq'Ro<1{-{
<L<Sr< Efuffi r"8
cs+, €<(.ure "#+ (*t;;t" qksr <tsqt'<
o<t cq ftq <U qspsce' flq
<or odq cfr9-flq"6-ft
Bs<
qfiqfuErqqc{fi(ft1aP{qlflq]*''*'ffi5'1o8f+>\oci't?irq
E^<ftqTflE-st"rfu{I<gIfr-{orqlTau"Ifuflu"I4e4q{"r<TGoq[{Eg<
TCq 'mtg-{ 4r{{ .c<( )qou
B?TCq {Vryc"{
e "rFur Tc celr+ ffiE EtT 13i?ffi 61.< {i=mo
qq r .c !i-ii{"#' frcg r*
ttq" +ftry >qsoqKq ?t4' (ru) q].cl
"rfus
:o<r+io-a-qfrA' qr{ <-rdq cs *fu nnt' ffi
'l-fl qltr+ lq< €((
qrqrqr<' (a{En ffisr< 4l'r{)
'rJirft.g
.&q s<(;;;."? Eq
o<s' cq'ITrlQ frq cffiolr
*fr* 1<=6 qwrq &-{ <frg'<r !rr-{'aws-m{
qi <l'ttlv) ffis qlA-{ qur< tn
i-nf;rqc fiffier< csr-{I{ q<@ *]ft"{ la-<I
\Ytrvv "
^
qB cIF {qlqt {l-{{
nTd{iffi< <f+ 1ryq< sTsfrfl
,s<( "fiq cqn
'*;#
<r-{t '5r'<P.(F< a-.ff
* q-lq <l(src-(r'l< Gtl-{< V-
y-s6-o frft, orld '€ {6t-f{ra ofr1'-"' o-1 q-;t]<
qrg<q *ni oro El c{ q[e{s-r65 urf,-+ drcr< qm $f,;
si< G "d?flft< *3
,!e;qft= YT:-t*
I cQ qrrrq Yl { 'sl
qr{*-, ri?r o-,, '{FflTtr{ {I(qlC'lr'r<
q{ ,r \ -,i *..
-,e-*e ?i xr,{< .
61qi {1 <rr5Yfi< *tr qqK<
nmom EI-<] {<s {<(
,1 qT
ta"l"l
fa-xgfiq {ft EHfE" E-ttb'5 qlq q{q]]req I cc c< {-{ 6c6a w6'5 <45
,ra< fi:qft< ,G*'e-
=ft"" r"l-{<q41(q
qH \\ cens 1
rrqrft Gl(ClI# o*"' "*arvaciqa-t-oqq qqu 6-{rB
' *t""ft"-' (utlojlic Era)
'T:,'ofr=
colB <e< =r.,*n
qfir.+oql.c<\'!sfrqr{sls{'l-<ou*t*=req<E{'TfiT{Er[fl€srcfl'r<(
q"fls'Rs q{
ql-(r''t qqq T{q E{fifr <mqrcs
t
Bl<l(qTfir-l-.,,l(,x'nqG"f{-qrfifiBr{ffi$1<s<RIafrrixq-r<
B*fE{c{.lfl16i{fl,({(tQLlqcpr{<u.'1'cu-<'i"ft"*:r&oE{lrc<(ldff'1
t'^ .{ $tE {6\5
(configuratit') ** *-u
x!.fl qscd c{ Kerc<{l q*
6-5q
{$-#1flrl V-{:'ra-< cq 'gfusl P
ewfrq t 6r< IHIFia (E'ocene) $'l< F{B ei{ftE
qE c<l.t<
otrc grfd 'rsxm YfiKT[tl slsra-{
{'ctl-{ -y-'o
ntu fr r dlqTla
orr6-c-re Rffi<
o= ufi'r-o't* rrei3
"i#o vrq Rqr<'{ "r(cu< B'o-o
9 effi o* nAn"
qa V-wtlqffi
(Teth-van)
qiq ss<-{ftn *t;"ttfts *e^"T"" s q(A'{ qil
Rrn,qw< $ 'rI'{-
<l,rfgqnq<Iqsffi{q-frqfii-{carcTq]{Eq15aaFTe"q{lq<qflq
qRT flc{ t fr(qB Eql
qm wq <I(qrcqfi q-]fl]otuu (l'm"'tont)
{ls{r {R 6q4< ctrs-{qi mc-+ art-d
(sylh"t ti*.rton;i"t.lit* "nam fiqE
"flrre " )ooo Tn {ffi{ firu q<( <](qlfi-rfi
qqe-rt {r{
esss ffis *C, ;"*a
ed.r urB< {ffi< frru ffi:ll {l{ t
q!-ffi
-r?Hffi,,Lll","$f
*#,'H"H"
Lc",,.o.
l rHH
;*;ffi
vrg< e-fl qtr"Rs c{, €rB
;#
>'l com
T, :TLi#.H
.qm qk*o qfr
H
"^'*.*fr' oo nu o' r )
c I a'v
q=fi: qrqr (coal), lfli-<tgfl (peat coal), Tf'{ Ffq (hard rock),
<fu,q I
i+d .f rarnr'r< ffi1 "n wn f{Hr or< <r<E qrerq qmru. I )bbo t
"tFT" I
f:ifio, *ts ete ft1t-r iser (ars 6-lql {I{ fl, s?Fl ot6g
$r-s 5<iTfr eTR$rr{< tI
rl;f{ Ffl qmfrq i {< Frq t!
sxt FCEI sar<< ir nrm {fl {c{g qscrE I
q{6rq ,tiftI .,ftq f,Tlcak {slr. efls$ csirQ. i ( cr{ T(er< {($ >efi <eq '
uffi t
s
stsr'flf,, cft {(1< ft*lE= 6q-fl{ rft 1l {crfia
<r{ s-fl 1
ii*r*{ 4*-o1i *.o x""-r*.a, u,fia f'm o-(-T{ {fir{€ qls$ ctrq r '! "1iS I
I
I
i
t
II
I
t
I
t
\
E'n<BBf-q"o8r{-qlvlqr<eaffiqffis-{El'fIs{lctfrq'q<(cqtfrq(q
(:) frarug csr-tt<il ** oA' (q) q-$? q=* frfr< "nv T{'ql {F'
"1n
qB e (;i .-qoF o-<rqr< qfr ((< 1{ uctr
(c) <(15 Gq'r< *i* yl =Tt
qlr 4lEwR Wq ({q-<T& ql-{r
,,su, {.i{ A) , oqi-{T ."l'.fi-o trffi efs'qtt-.
# ,* {T-{ )o ftffifit,-E-sr-*tr.) e-{Br-f,fl ?rfr< rr{F n1s{l crrcq' I
";; 81-{ 5o1o {t -fi, frcF Eg T-{-{I3 {RIlq E(q qlg goo fr,fr.9-{ (go
fr{]Ir
C$TE)fqr<v"t{R-q.{-fi{fiNs-{-EIErgI{C{<<F,rqE.E.Q{r{ETilC'rrEl
q 9t1al[{{ Tql qfftQ E-rgq <r<l
q4t9l1aKs FiTEi q-{lElolr arin_ufuRo
;#.u Wett * {q< E-q{_fit e
(Eocene)
{c.re i ffixrft T'l*
1g?rq "r6s e q-n >sB
cqrs )b)o{EFru*fr" I-)bbo
u<ut-<ft-r+ )e8c", qrcq {rq sir{l
.ul a* *it*lco <rffiq-<Tlft qtrq q{lqloK
Tq "rEI
( ql-cq { 6E( (thickness) {tT so 1t r
{ler[T{'19
ctrn )f frBT{
c{rq l
(>{ooocoffilrIa,.<q|q-sq-{"i1{<9lI€{.I{Ir{TrERrls-w-ffiqBqgr.{
qqsacm c{c< Wa Ter
"l-dq
{fl qc-T-a fitsfr E[a' $'s{ (s.'I 6q-{r< ()) TE{l'
(s)
(a.) <esl{{r{{ F+<-f,E'flre., ,
(o) tls{l$' (a; t+Fm' (a) {6--{'{'
(>o) q{T{qrr qalq \3 ()))
<f+E$, (1) o.<, tui ngirfu'flr, 1i1 u"rft-tt<'
sr-{T{,{ifrfi-sr"T{9,1Rre<<lq"iTacqqTilctfiTlqfufi'EoF{q',\ilft<iF'
qisfl c'rcq
ffi*, qr-fla o."fu iao. {{ "H{ {r< Eil"tlcrc-<< {{f{
I
{t{t cl'SFS y.eqt'
q(aT-nf.i Cs Fl+flcK eflc{1 cfiq EI f<{ G<1? {Ir+< 'fii Ficqts efqs
e 5T 3"nqrft <r'6q fi{rm-srh-d qGntr
il.{,-:< .6Gl
I
qtrrq $g FrEl
a5ag usccl $e oftq f.[q'r< nI$ frqrqT{ cT{r< {$elIv]
F<r.rs.srr< s.rg{rqlfl <rc ffiw&-{
qftlg I ..{t FTqt< {c$ qrcq qT-qt$
(Granocliorite). *".#, sfenr<Rt (Quartdiorite), frq (Gneiss),
I"t
q{( fi-fi"t snq-< q-ii {<1
ftel Frqi r eT{ Frqr c<f B-Xs-r1-5aa
"r*= F<rrq-6rq-< qGnE r io-rcn< {65 tq FrqT< "lR{q qY<s I nqi{lv]
E%{rfl<rq
.'": Ersi{cr< slq q]rc Ecr ('frqqcq s'Iql c{cq I
qftrq qTr-<ffr
qTrilrTtr (WhiteClay) : <rqlTt csrEm "l$-e-ql ejf'Tf<
q-{"nqrr+< irrr< E"rr<
rTI-s ,{tII rE tt <ffi <'fl-<' "K Cq"fi Ct|rq cq, $ft-{
uorJm Tcq )es) {i e eqftcs :o>v
qi flB< frrE Qt-{ eo {t cqq
efts{i 6ffi a<( sl 6fl1r1ft'
(Thicknessl pqftt^fllFTB (white clay)
gu=*.o< | ,.,e qE tq ?r;E s-<1 {crrq qgE
qrq q111 q-{Rs qTTrqrE<
ql-{En q{rq, "-[<
q.fi*s fl<'fi r'<i {.IT fr r
F
qsaE qT<r< ffi-'q'qt'
,,rj,7
Yi ^ S i.o4
qr 'ir"ia
\. firr fls'la as-dlr <(rg 'IftY' q.q-<' k{q'
; qi-ffrr' <q-<' ftqgts
q?;1<. ;i<r<5rsr, k*;. T-"fr' BR<
afbq-".,foxrer< <rESr<
qFltFK $T qa{ q(-1 cq<( qq\r-l {E-<'
w{fl{g qxsft, -rk#rft s {-{n qaecq qrmffirc
cfi13 eryft tna-'< eq.irl*oron *;* 'rfu ffiqm qBfu El ffi1
,fao fi qrctr qn , c l-<I -dc{g qi fi'qi-< qreq
ql=m qk+t(,] qcpq s <lltls
(lQ8.l r 1{E< ',r-<ar ,s--qT< Xr$ (s-<q slvT"l
qi-{,< qfl krir <rr{ ssffi< xc$ "rry i
)c
kwx dzr'1ft< e goffi "ikcfu
{({,5 qfte 4 <T6''re
,ItT
.l€xlu fi<;lu uqqft-{ <l-ff\5 <r<-g Vfr< r< kqs y-fir< Ty qq-<
..l
'
qTrq r kqsls q-{E q<-cref clcr {RGE
Fnrfiq q'fl-.fi -! qrq smm e|qfi qlqlR <-9
cJT-{-{ sTft:il ft-q, coll.s,fi
ftr,r< xc<l sre flfiQ T<i<'rcq< CqEIRID
q<( w{flT' f{q< !-cqi^Ers6"Ifr'
S61< F<q, c,nnt$ qm< 'flErerqr fqE
-tr, {.&', aqFr, fl*o, qt-l, ftq6q3[, qrrl, ^E-u'Q' Rfi-l'
ttry'
etr#q, cqTflErTTI qYfu
q.]{Fwfi, qlE&, s]qx,ql(TI, c'tIil, fitsfu, c'rI&,
qgl wt< cura fi6grrc$fi rfiq
scg<rli'n r frarc1< 6qqr{ qs'{rc ctrq<ry
fiflv] fr-q' <<13
ft. 6Q r {(1< CqqK xcql +'-<uiq qI-dT< q'gR-E], Tq<ttq elI{]T
q]q.r< qTfr{-r<rd QJ]I,K drtmt F+q e<( q-{ffi1 elEE T-S-T:E,
R-q, T&.qro
{q-{
lffi, q&-.r<, kfl, cofigl,1sr-lTEl , Elsgl
qYft f{q EoY* qaVI cqql{
I
O=
<r<-u q€(E< qE{ qlrq cq"fi
*#r-d
;d.r. .l
"I{iwE< 7u6!ffim ffirrr Efr
qKt
:
E
<--+g qtrq <l ilq--flQ frwom oi,rflTFrs c goft+ {kGfb
vqj'lfb
{fun-fi <tw "{u+ "t(c,
). fiq u-ffort'qm t €fifrq sr<-cq{ IF{rq' qcm <a'
o4sr6'[, )bbc,'f-tog t
TheRamacharitamofsandyakaraNandi'editedbydr'R'C'lvlajumdar'Dr'
published by Varencla
Basak and Pandit Nanigopal Banerji'
Radhagobinda
Research Museum, P' 153'
sI-{A-qt<.<s{a-{:<Tul-fr{{fu{rq,qrft"r{'qqccqEq(6{l')8oeqI61'1-
))\9 I
a giQg i
<iofrfi,l-at-ab I
-citl-fi-<FI{ t
OF
qpqqqir,F qTft <tss pREIIISTORY & PROTO}IISTORY
r{o,T,r-{
FASTERN INDLA
qr{< a s thl e: I
'u
)b