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UNIT V MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

Problem 1. Evaluate  x
2
dx dy where R is the region in the first quadrant bounded
R
by the hyperbola xy = 16 and the lines y = x, y = 0 and x = 8.
Solution:
The hyperbola xy = 16 and the line y = x intersect at (4, 4). The hyperbola and the line
x = 8 intersect at (8, 2). (Fig. 1)
Divide the region R into two subregions R1 and R2 where R1 denotes the part of R lying
above the line y = 2 and R2, the part below that line.
Y
y=x
xy = 16

(4, 4)
R1 (8, 2) y=2
R2
O 8 X

Fig. 1
 x dx dy   x dx dy   x dx dy
2 2 2

R R1 R2

 y  
16
4 2 8
 
   x dx dy     x dx  dy
2 2

2
 y  0 y
 
 16 8
4
x3  y 2
x3 
    dy     dy
2 
3 y 0 
3 y
4 2
1 16 3  1
   
8 3  y 3 dy 
3 
 y 3
 dy 
3 2 
 y
3 
 0

y 4 
4 2
1 3 y 2
y  1  3
4
 16    8 .y  
3   2 4  2 3  4 0
1 1
 (324)  (1020) = 108 + 340 = 448
3 3

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Problem 2. Evaluate   r dr d over the area included between the r = 2 sin 

3
and
r = 4 sin  .
Soln: Given
r  2sin   1
r  4sin    2 
(1) is a circle with center (0,1)and radius 1
(2) is a circle with center (0,2) and radius 2

The shaded area between these circles is the region of integration. If we integrate first
w.r.t r, then its limits are from P(r = 2 sin  ) to Q(r = 4 sin  ) and in order to cover the
whole region  should vary from 0 to  .Thus the required integral is
 4sin 
I   r dr d
3

0 2sin 
4sin

 r 4 
   d
0
4  2sin 


 
  64 sin 4   4 sin 4  d
0

  60 sin 4  d
0

 60  sin 4  d
0

2
120 sin 4  d
0

3 1  
120 . .   45 .
4 2 2 2
Y

Fig. 2

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Problem 3.  x
2
Evaluate  y 2 dx dy where R is the region in the xy-plane
R
bounded by x2 + y2 = 4 and x2 + y2 = 9.
Solution:
Let I   x 2  y 2 dx dy
R

We shall evaluate this by transforming it to polar coordinates by substituting x = r cos ,

y = r sin  and dx dy = r dr d. Then x 2  y2  r

O 
X
2

Fig. 3

2 3

I   r.r.dr.d     r 2 dr  d
R 0  r 2 
3
2
 r 3 
    d
3
0   2
2
19 
  d
3 0
19 38
 2 
3 3

2
xy(x  y)
Problem 4. Evaluate  x  y
2 2
dx dy taken over the sector in the first quadrant

bounded by the straight lines y = 0, y = x and the circle x2 + y2 = 1.

Solution:
Transform the integral into polar coordinates by substituting
x = r cos , y = r sin . Then dx dy = r dr d, and
xy(x  y) 2 r cos  r sin (r cos   r sin ) 2
 2
 r 2 cos  sin (1  sin 2)
x y
2 2
r

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The limits of integration are o ≤  ≤ 

4 and 0 ≤ r ≤ 1(Fig. 4)

Y
y=x


X
O 1

Fig. 4


41

 r
2
I cos  sin (1  sin 2) rdr d
0 0

41

 r
3
 sin  cos  (1  sin 2) dr d
0 0

4
1
  4 sin cos   sin  cos  sin 2 d
0
 
1 4 1 4
  sin  cos  d  sin 2 2 d
4 0 8 0
 
1  sin 2   4 1 2 2
    sin t dt (Substituting 2 = t)
4  2  0 16 0
1  1 1 
  . .
16 16 2 2
4  

64

2 2 x x 2
xdxdy
Problem 5. By changing into polar coordinates, evaluate  
0 0
x2  y2
2
2 2 x x
x
Soln: Let I =  
0 0
x  y2
2
dy dx .

The region of integration is bounded by

x  0, x  2, y  0, y  2x  x 2

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Take y  2x  x 2
y 2  2x  x 2  x 2  y 2  2x  0.
Now the polar equation of the circle is
 r cos     r sin  
2 2
 2r cos   0 .
 x  r cos 
ie r  2 cos  y  r sin 

dxdy  rdrd
 
Now 

r : 0  2 cos  ie :  : 0  
 2

2 2cos
rcos
I   rcos    r sin  

2 2
rdrd
0 0

2 2cos
r 2 cos
  drd
0 0
r2

2 2cos
  cos drd

0 0


2
 
   cos  r 
2cos
0 d
0 
 
2 0
1 cos2 
  2cos 2 d  2  d
0 0
2

 2
2
 sin 2  
0 1 cos2  d    2   2 .
0
4a 2 ax

Problem 6. Change the order of integration and hence evaluate   xy dy dx

o x2
4a
4a 2 ax

Solution: Let I =   xy dy dx
o x2
4a

x2
The limits for y varies from y  to y  2 ax and the limits for x varies from x = 0 to
4a
x = 4a. The region of integration is enclosed between the curves (parabolas) x2 = 4ay and
y2 = 4ax and the lines x = 0 and x = 4a. The two parabolas intersect at (0, 0) and (4a, 4a).
To change the order of integration, first integrate w.r.t x and then w.r.t y. Since first

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integration is w.r.t x, we consider a horizontal strip. The limits for x varies from x = y2/4a
to x  2 ay and then y varies from y = 0 to y = 4a.

Y
2
x = 4ay

X
O

y2 = 4ax

Fig. 5

Hence,

 x 2 
4a 2 ay 4a 2 ay

I=   xy dx dy =   .y  dy
o y2 o 
2 y 2

4a
4a
4a
 4ay y4 
= o  2
 .y  .y
32a 2  dy

4a
 y 3 1 y 6 
=  2a.  
 3 32a 6 0
2

 64a 3  1 (4a) 6 

=  2a.  
 3 32a 2 6 
128a 4 64a 4
= 
3 3
64a 4
=
3
a 2a x

Problem 7. Change the order of integration in   xy dy dx and hence evaluate it

o x2
a

Solution: The region of integration is bounded by x 2  ay, x  y  2a, x  0 and x  a

For change of order of integration divide the area into two parts.
ie, 1   2  

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



x 2  ay Y

 0, 2a 
I2
(a,a)
I1 X
O  2a, 0 



xa

Fig. 6

a ay

1    xy dx dy
0 0

ay
a
 x 2 
   y  dy
0 
2 0
a
ay 2
 dy
0
2
a
 ay 3  a 4
   
 6 0 6
2a 2a y 

 2    xy dx dy
a 0
2a y
2a
 yx  2
    dy
a  2 0
2a
 2a  y 
y dy
a
2


2a

y
 4a 2
 y 2  4ay dy
a
2
2a
1

 4a 2 y  y 3  4ay 2 dy
2

a

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2a
1  4a 2 y 2 y 4 4ay 3 
    
2  2 4 3 a


1  16a 4 16a 4 32a 4   4a 4 a 4 4a 4  

          
2  2 4 3   2 4 3  
1  96a 4  48a 4 128a 4 24a 4  3a 4 16a 4  
    
2  12 12  
16a 4 11a 4  5a 4
     24
 24 24 
a 5a
4 4
 I  
6 24
9a 4 3a 4
  .
24 8
3 4 y

Problem 8. Evaluate    x  y  dx dy
0 1
by changing the order of integration.

Soln: 
The region of integration is bounded by y  0, y  3, x  1 and x  4  y

Y
(0,4)

(1,3) y =3

(2,0) X
O

x2 = 4-y
x =1
Fig. 7
x  4  y ,
x2  4  y
x 2    y  4 
This is a parabola with vertex at (0,4)
Also when y  0, x  2
(2, 0) and (-2, 0) are the points of interaction with x-axis
When y  3, x 2  4  3  1 i.e, x  1. Now changing the order of integration we have,

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2 4 x 2

I 
1
  x  y  dy dx
0
4 x 2
y 2 
2

 xy  dx
 
1

2 0
 2
 (4  x 2 ) 2  
 x  4  x 
2
dx
 
1

 2

 
2
 1
  
  4x  x 3  16  x 4  8x 2
2
 dx
1  
2
1

2 
 
8x  2x 3 16  x 4  8 x 2 dx
1

x 3 
2
1 8x 2 2x 4 x5
   16x   8 
2 2 4 5 3 1
1  32 64 8 1 1 8 
 16  8  32     16   

2  5 3 2 2 5 2 
1  31 56 7 
 40    16 
2 5 3 2
1  31 56 7  241
 24     .
2 5 3 2 60

Problem 9. Find the area bounded by the parabolas y2 = 4 - x and y2 = 4 - 4x.

Solution: If R is the region bounded by the parabolas, then A   dx dy

R

(0, 2)

x = 1-y22 x = 4-y2

1 4 X

(0, -2)

Fig. 8

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The parabolas meet the x-axis at x = 1 and x = 4. Both the parabolas meet the y-axis at
the points (0, 2) and (0, -2). The region R is symmetric about the x-axis. (Fig 8)

2 4 y 2 
 A  2    dx  dy
0  1 y 2 4 
 
2

 
 2   4  y 2  1 

y
4
2

 dy

0
2 
  = 8 square units.
2
 2 3  3 4 dy  6 y   62
 y2   y3  8
0
  12
0
12

Problem 10. Find the area outside the circle r = 2 and inside the cardioid
r = 2(1 + cos).
Solution:
Y

(0, 2)


O X
(2, 0) (4, 0)

(0, -2)

Fig. 9

Let R be the region outside the circle and inside the cardioid. Then R is symmetric about
the x-axis (Fig. 9)
 The required area A  2  rdrd
R

 2 2(1cos ) 
 2    d
r.dr
0 2

 r 
 2(1cos )
2 2
 2   d
0  2  2

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
2

 
0
4(1 cos  ) 2  4 d

2

 4   2 cos   cos 2  d

0

 1 cos 2 
2

 4   2 cos   
2 d
0 
 /2  
 sin 2    


 4 2sin    / 2   4 2   = 8 +  sq. units.

4  0
4
   

Problem 11. Find the area of the region bounded by the lemniscate r2 = a2cos 2.
Solution:
Area of a region R in the xy - plane is given by I   dxdy
R

In polar coordinates, I   rdrd = 4  Area in the first quadrant (Fig. 10)

R

Y
  4
  3 4

x  a cos 2

 X
a
O

Fig. 10

 
4 a cos 2

 4.    rdr d
0 r 0 


a cos 2

 r 2 4

 4.   d
0 
2 0

4
 2.  a 2 cos 2 d
0


 a 2 sin 2 
0
4
= a2 square units.

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a x xy

Problem 12. Evaluate   e

x yz
dz dy dx
0 0 0

Solution:
a x x y a
 x  x y  
   e dz dy dx       e x y  z dz  dy  dx
x y  z

0 0 0 0  0  0 
a x x  y 
  e x  yz  dy dx
  
0 0 0 

a
 x x y x  y 
   e 
 e dy  dx
xy

0 0 

a x
 1 
  e 2( x  y) .  e x  y  dx
0 
2 0
a
1 1 
   e 4x  e 2x  e 2x  e x dx
0 
2 2 
a
1 3 
   e 4x  e 2x  e x dx

0 
2 2 
a
a
e 4 x 3e 2 x x

     e  dx
0  8 4 0
e 4a 3e2a 1 3
   e a   1
8 4 8 4
e 4a
3e 2a
3
   ea 
8 4 8

2
1 1 x ( x y )

Problem 13. Evaluate the triple integral    x dz dy dx

0 0 0
2
1 1 x ( x y )

Solution: Let I =   
0 0 0
x dz dy dx

1 1 x 1 1 x
z ( x y ) 2
Then I =   xz  z 0 dy dx =   x(x  y)  dy dx
 0
2

0 0 0 0
1 1 x

=  
0 0
x 3  xy 2  2x 2 y dy dx

1 y 1 x
 xy 3 2 y 
2

= x y 
3  2x dx

 
0
3 2 y 0
1
 3 
x(1 x)3 2
0 
2
=  x (1 x)   x (1 x) dx
3 

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


1
1
 3 x
4
=   xdx
 
0

1  x 5 x 2  1  1 1   1
1

=     =   
3  5 2  0 3 5 2  10

Problem 14. Express the volume of the Sphere x 2  y 2  z 2  a 2 as a volume integral

and hence evaluate it.

Solution: Required volume

a a2  x2 a 2  x2  y 2

 2 
 a  a 2  x 2

0
dz dx dy

a a2  x2

 2   z 
a 2  x2  y 2
0 dx dy
 a  a 2  x 2

a a 2  x2 
2
a

2
a 2  x 2  y 2 dy dx
2
 a  x

Taking a  x 2  b 2 when integration with respect to y is performed

2


a b
V  2 b 2  y 2 dy dx
a b

 4  
a b
b 2  y 2 dy dx
a 0

y 2 b
b2 1 y 
a
 4   2
b  y  sin   dx
a 2
 2 b 0
a
b 2 
4 sin 1 1  0 dx

  2
a


a

 2  b2 dx
a
2
a


   a 2  x 2 dx 
a

a
 x 3 
 2  a 2 x  
 3 0
 a 3 
 2 a 3  
 3 
a 3 4 a 3 
2 .2  square units.
3 3

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Problem 15. Find volume bounded by the cylinder x 2  y 2  4 and the planes
y  z  4 and z  0
Soln: Here
z var ies from 0 to 4  y

y varies from  4  x 2 to 4  x 2
x varies from  2 to 2
Hence the required volume is given by
2 4 x 2 4 y

V    dz dy dx
2  4 x 2 0

2 4 x 2 
   z 
4 y
 0
dy dx
2  4 x 2

2 4 x 2

    4  y  dy dx
2  4 x 2

4 x 2
y 
2
 2

 4 y  dx

  
2  4 x
2  2

  4  x 2  
2
2
4  x 2   2
 4 4  x   4 4  x  dx
 
2  
 
2  

2  
2
 1 1 
 4 4  x 2   4  x 2   4 4  x 2   4  x 2   dx
2 
2 2 
2

 8
2
4  x 2 dx

2
 8  4  x 2 dx
2
2

 16  4  x 2 dx
0
2
4  x  x 
 16  sin 1    4  x 2 
2  2  2 0
 2  
 16   0  0   16 square units.
 2  

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