LPG GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION SYSTEM
Minor Project-1
Final Report
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Award of Degree of
Bachelor in Technology
Submitted by:
Anubhav Gupta(1802307)
Byash Bihari(1802321)
Deepak Kumar(1802326)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work presented in this Project entitled “Lpg Gas Leakage Detection System” is a
Bonafede record of the work done during the period from Jan – June 2021 at Chandigarh Engineering College
Landran, Mohali, Punjab by Anubhav Gupta, Byash Bihari, Deepak Kumar.
The project work is an authentic record of my own work and is carried out under the supervision and guidance
of Guide Prof. Ms. Anchal, ECE Department. The matter presented in the report has not been submitted
elsewhere, wholly or in part, for the award of any other degree or diploma.
Anubhav Gupta (1802307)
Byash Bihari (1802321)
Deepak Kumar (1802326)
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge.
Prof. Ms. Anchal
Guide
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Prof. (Dr.) Vinay Bhatia
HOD ECE
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran, Mohali, PUNJAB
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to the Principal, Chandigarh Engineering College,
Landran, for providing this opportunity to carry out the present work.
The constant guidance and encouragement received from Prof. (Dr.) Vinay Bhatia, Professor and Head,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, has been of great help in carrying our present
work and helped us in completing this project with success.
I would like to express a deep sense of gratitude to my Project Guide Prof. Ms. Anchal ECE department for
the guidance and support in defining the design problem and towards the completion of my project work.
Without his/ her wise counsel and able guidance, it would have been impossible to complete the thesis in this
manner.
I am also thankful to all the faculty and staff members of Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran for their intellectual support throughout the course of
this work.
Anubhav Gupta (1802307)
Byash Bihari (1802321)
Deepak Kumar (1802326)
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ABSTRACT
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a main source of fuel, especially in urban areas because it is clean compared
to firewood and charcoal. Gas leakage is a major problem in the industrial sector, residential premises, etc.
Nowadays, home security has become a major issue because of increasing gas leakage. Gas leakage is a source
of great anxiety with ateliers, residential areas and vehicles like Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), buses, and
cars which are run on gas power. One of the preventive methods to stop accidents associated with the gas
leakage is to install a gas leakage detection kit at vulnerable places. The aim of this paper is to propose and
discuss a design of a gas leakage detection system that can automatically detect, alert and control gas leakage.
This proposed system also includes an alerting system for the users. The system is based on a sensor that easily
detects a gas leakage.
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Table of Contents
Certificate 1
Acknowledgement 2
Abstract 3
Chapter 1 Introduction 6
Chapter 2 Diagram
2.1 Block Diagram 7
2.2 Circuit Diagram 8
2.3 PBC Board layout 9
Chapter 3 Components Used 10
3.1 Gas detector(mq6) 11
3.2 Buzzer 12
Chapter 4 Circuit and Working 13
Chapter 5 Conclusion 14
5.1 Future Scope 15
5.2 Reference 16
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List of Figures
Sr.no Figure Description Page no.
1 1.1 Gas detector senor 6
2 2.1 Block diagram 7
3 3.1 Circuit diagram 8
4 4.1 PCB Board Layout 9
5 5.1 Gas senor 11
6 6.1 Buzzer 12
7 7.1 Security systems for smart home 15
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INTRODUCTION
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a main source of fuel, especially in urban areas because it is clean compared
to firewood and charcoal. Gas leakage is a major problem in the industrial sector, residential premises, etc.
Nowadays, home security has become a major issue because of increasing gas leakage. Gas leakage is a source
of great anxiety with ateliers, residential areas and vehicles like Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), buses, and
cars which are run on gas power. One of the preventive methods to stop accidents associated with the gas
leakage is to install a gas leakage detection kit at vulnerable places. The aim of this paper is to propose and
discuss a design of a gas leakage detection system that can automatically detect, alert and control gas leakage.
This proposed system also includes an alerting system for the users. The system is based on a sensor that easily
detects a gas leakage.
➢ Gas leak detection is the process of identifying potentially hazardous gas leaks by means of various
sensors.
➢ These sensors usually employ an audible alarm to alert people when a dangerous gas has been detected.
➢ The total circuit units are arranged on PCB board.
Fig 1.1 gas detector
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig 2.1 Block diagram of lpg gas detection system
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Fig 3.1 Circuit diagram of the system
A circuit diagram (electrical diagram, elementary diagram, electronic schematic) is a graphical representation
of an electrical circuit. A pictorial circuit diagram uses simple images of components, while a schematic
diagram shows the components and interconnections of the circuit using standardized symbolic
representations. The presentation of the interconnections between circuit components in the schematic diagram
does not necessarily correspond to the physical arrangements in the finished device.
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PBC BOARD LAYOUT
Fig 4.1 PBC Board Layout
A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects electrical or electronic
components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one or more sheet layers of
copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate. Components are
generally soldered onto the PCB to both electrically connect and mechanically fasten them to it.
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COMPONENTS USED
Semiconductors
IC1 - 7805, 5V voltage regulator
IC2 - LM393 dual comparator
D1, D2 -1N4007 rectifier diode
T1 -TIP122 npn darlingtontransistor
Resistors (all 1/4-watt, ±5% carbon, unless state do other wise):
R1, R3 - 1-kilo-ohm
R2 - 15-ohm, 0.5W
VR1, VR2 - 10-kilo-ohm optimeter
Capacitor:
C1 - 1000μF, 25V electrolytic
Miscellaneous:
CON1 - 2-pin connector terminal
X1 - 230V AC primary to 12V-0-12V, 750mA secondary
transformer
PZ1 - 12V high-gain siren/buzzer
GS1 - MQ-6 LPG sensor
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GAS DETECTOR(MQ6)
The LPG gas consists of isobutene, propane, methane, etc. A sensitive, efficient gas sensor is required that
senses only LPG gas contents an is less sensitive to other gases like cooking fumes, cigarettes, etc. Sensitive
material of MQ-6 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in clean air(MQ6) When the target
combustible gas exist the sensor's conductivity is higher along with the gas concentration rising. MQ-6 gas
sensor has high sensitivity to Propane, Butane and LPG, also response to Natural gas. The sensor could be
used to detect different combustible gas, especially Methane; it is with low cost and suitable for different
application. It senses the leakage of LPG gas and sends the alert signal to the microcontroller alternatively turn
on Buzzer when it reaches the danger level.
5.1 Gas sensor
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BUZZER
A buzzer or beeper is a signaling device, usually electronic, typically used in automobiles, household
appliances such as a microwave oven, or game shows
FIG 6.1 Buzzer
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CIRCUIT AND WORKING
Circuit diagram of the low-cost LPG detector is shown in above fig. It is built around step-down transformer
X1, two rectifier diodes 1N4007 (D1 and D2), a 1000µF capacitor (C1), 7805 voltage regulator (IC1), MQ-6
LPG gas sensor (GS1), dual comparator LM393 (IC2), darlington transistor TIP122 (T2), 12V high-gain
siren/buzzer (PZ1) and a few other components.
The mains supply is stepped down by transformer X1, rectified by a full-wave rectifier comprising diodes D1
and D2, filtered by capacitor C1 and fed to regulator 7805 (IC1) to maintain constant 5V DC output, which is
fed to the circuit.
At the heart of the circuit is dual comparator IC LM393 (IC2). It is used to compare two different voltages,
namely, reference voltage and MQ-6 gas sensor output voltage.
Reference voltage at non-inverting pin 3 of IC2 is set using potmeter VR1 to adjust voltage levels based on
sensitivity requirements. LPG sensor (MQ-6) output voltage is fed to inverting pin 2 of IC2.
If reference voltage (pin 3 of IC2) is less than sensor voltage (pin 2 of IC2), output goes low, which means
there is no LPG leakage. With low output, T1 remains cut-off and there is no current flow through the buzzer;
it does not sound and remains in silence mode.
If reference voltage is greater than sensor voltage, output goes high, which means there is LPG leakage. The
high output switches on transistor T1 and the buzzer rings loudly to alert the people around.
It is very easy to find gas leakages with this circuit, which uses low-cost components and an interactive way
to adjust different sensitivity levels, based on customer needs, with the help of potmeter VR1.
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CONCLUSION
This monitoring and detection system is proposed mainly to meet the safety standards and to avoid fire
accidents because of leakage. An embedded system for hazardous gas detection has been implemented: here
only two gases (LPG and Propane) have been detected for demo purpose. The gas sensors and the critical level
of the respective gas should be known, and then this system can be implemented for detecting various gases
either in domestic area such as places of educational institutions, residential and industrial areas which avoids
endangering of human lives.This system provides quick response rate and the diffusion of the critical situation
can be made faster than the manual methods.
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FUTURE SCOPE
• This monitoring system can be further enhanced by using Bluetooth in place of GSM to send the alert
messages to user, which supports the another real-time application
• For industrial purposes mobile robot can be developed for detecting multiple gas concentrations.
• Addition to gas sensor temperature sensor detects the high pressure gas when high temperature gas in
cylinder pipe, display the alert SMS when high temperature is reached.
Fig 7.1 Security systems for smart home
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REFERENCE
• www.wikipedia.com
• www.electronicforu.com
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