LAKELAND

LL
LABORATORIES
LIMITED
Manufacturers of Speciality Surfactants

1 Amphoterics
Why? Which? Where?

1 Amphoterics

2 Phosphate Esters

3 Imidazolines

4 Wax Emulsions

CHEMICALS FOR INDUSTRY

Certificate No.890395
 Why Amphoteric Surfactants?
INTRODUCTION Lakeland have concentrated their sales efforts into promoting
Amphoteric surfactants have been available for many years. salt free amphoterics as required by industrial users.
Early amphoterics were glycinates based on imidazoline Salt free amphoterics were introduced to overcome the
chemistry and were the basis of many toiletry products, such problems associated with high electrolyte levels and corrosion,
as mild shampoos. though many other interesting properties have since been
Betaines were also developed and used increasingly in discovered. Lakeland manufacture a range of amphoteric
personal care products due to their skin friendly, foaming and surfactants broadly categorised as:
free rinsing properties. 1) Propionates 2) Betaines

Propionates
Propionates are characterised by the following structures:

DIPROPIONATES MONOPROPIONATES

CH2 CH2 COOM CH2 CH2 COOH

R N R N
CH2 CH2 COOM H
Where R = Alkyl group
M = Hydrogen or alkali metal ion

The dipropionates are generally available as the mono

alkali metal salt, and the monopropionate as the free acid.
The dipropionates are used in many cleaning systems specifically
for their solubilisation and detergent properties especially
in alkaline systems. Some of the the many advantages
dipropionates offer are:

■ Excellent dirt lifting properties, which makes them an essential ■ They are stable across the whole pH range and confer
component of hard surface cleaners and vehicle cleaners, stability to other more traditional surfactant systems, thus giving
particularly when applied by pressure washer. added versatility.

■ Excellent hydrotropic properties, which enables the use of ■ They have low orders of toxicity and are therefore ideal for
nonionic surfactants in aggressive conditions eliminating the cleaning surfaces which come into contact with food.
use of traditional hydrotropes such as xylene and cumene
sulphonates. Combinations of nonionics and salt free amphoterics ■ Lakeland AMA possesses biostatic properties which will
are used extensively in hard surface cleaners. The amphoterics preserve formulations and thereby eliminate the need to
elevate the cloud points of alkaline and highly built detergent use biocides.
systems, thus improving their detergency at high operating
temperatures. ■ They are stable in hard water and can impart stability to
other surfactants when formulated into products used in hard
■ They impart excellent free rinsing properties to detergent water areas.
systems leaving a smear free surface. This is an important
consideration for all forms of industrial and household cleaning. ■ They have lubricity when used in conjunction with other
surfactants from the Lakeland range.
■ As dipropionates are salt free they do not promote the
corrosion of metal surfaces caused by Cl ions. In fact they exhibit ■ High foaming or low foaming products may be formulated
good anti-corrosive properties for ferrous metals. using this choice of amphoteric.

1
 Betaines
Betaines are characterised by the following structure types:

AMINO BETAINE, LAKELAND CTA/N AMIDO BETAINE, LAKELAND CAB

CH3 CH3
+ _ + _
R N CH2 COO R CO N H C3 H6 N CH2 COO
CH3 CH3

Lakeland manufacture both of the above types of betaine which

are used mainly, though not exclusively, in toiletry/personal care
type applications. They exhibit the following properties:

■ They have very low orders of irritation and act synergistically ■ They can be used as viscosity builders in combination with
with anionic surfactants so far as skin tolerance is concerned. anionic surfactants such as lauryl ether sulphates.

■ They exhibit very high foam/foam stability. The foaming ■ They are compatible with cationic surfactants, thus being
characteristics of betaines are only slightly reduced in the useful in the preparation of sanitisers and surgical scrubs.
presence of oils and fats; this is particularly advantageous in
cleaning processes. ■ They are used to increase the deposition of cationic polymers
on the hair or skin.

Properties
LAKELAND DIPROPIONATES
Product Appearance (1) pH (neat)(2) Activity(3) Cloud point elevation(4)
Typical Nominal

Lakeland AMA Clear colourless to light amber liquid 8.5 30 40 - 50°C

Lakeland AMA 38 Clear to slightly hazy amber liquid 6.0 38 42 - 52°C (as 30% active)

Lakeland AMA LF40 Clear colourless to light amber liquid 9.0 40 45°C

Lakeland AMA LF70 Clear to slightly hazy colourless to pale yellow liquid 7.0 70 65 - 75°C

Lakeland LF60 Clear colourless to pale yellow liquid 5.0 60 80°C minimum

Lakeland ODA Clear amber coloured viscous liquid 10.5 30 40 - 50°C*

LAKELAND MONOPROPIONATE
Product Appearance(1) pH (1%)(2) Activity(3) Viscosity (cPs/20°c)(5) Infra - red spectrum(6)
Typical Nominal

Lakeland ACP 70 Clear to slightly hazy amber 8.0 70 1600 maximum As standard
liquid at 20°C

LAKELAND BETAINES
pH (neat)(2) Colour Cloud point % Chloride % Solids (11)
Product Appearance(1) Typical Gardner(7) Hazen (8) elevation (9) as NaCl (10) Nominal
Typical

Lakeland Clear yellow liquid 7.0 3 max N/A 35°C min 5.0 35
CAB
Lakeland Clear colourless to pale 7.0 2 max 30 max 35°C min 6.5 36
CTA/N amber liquid

Lakeland Viscous amber liquid 5.0 6 max 400 max N/A 6.0 42
TAB II
( ) Denotes Lakeland Analysis No
(1);A.10 (2);P2 (3);R.1 (4);C.6 (5);V.2 (6);N/A (7);G.2 (8);H.1 (9);C.8 (10);C.7 (11);S.3 *;C6/1

2
 Which Amphoteric Surfactant?
The case has been made “WHY” amphoterics are used. The ■ Surface tension reduction ■ Foam height/stability
problem for the formulator then becomes - “WHICH AMPHOTERIC ”? ■ Hydrotroping ■ Iso-electric ranges
A series of comparative tests have been carried out:

The results are detailed below to help the formulator decide which amphoteric best suits the application.

Surface Tension Comparisons

PROPIONATES Surface Tension Reduction

65 The change in surface tension with concentration

Key: at neutral pH was measured. The critical micelle
AMA LF40
concentrations of AMA, ODA,CTA/N, and CAB
60
are all lower than 0.01%, giving excellent surface

55 * LF60

ODA
tension reduction at concentrations as low
as 0.008%.
SURFACE TENSION DYNES/CM.

AMA This is one of the reasons why amphoterics are

50 essential components of hard surface cleaners.
For example, a traffic film remover (TFR) containing
a typical level of 8% Lakeland AMA (2.4%
45 as active) will still give good surface tension
reduction when diluted 200:1 for application.
LAURYL
ETHER S
ULPHATE
40 By comparison with the surface tension of Lauryl
ether sulphate it can be seen that amphoterics
are more effective surface tension reducers at
35 very low concentrations.

C13 Alcohol + 9EO

- 15 It is interesting to compare the surface tension
30
reduction of AMA with that of AMA LF40. AMA
0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10.0
LF40 exhibits poor surface tension reduction at
% CONCENTRATION (ACTIVE MATTER) quite high concentrations and this is a consistent
feature of low foam surfactants.

BETAINES It should, however, be remembered that surface

tension reduction is not the only measure of
a good surfactant, i.e. AMA LF40 exhibits very
60 Key: good detergency.
CTA/N
55 CAB
SURFACE TENSION DYNES/CM.

TAB II
50

45
LAURYL
ETHER S
ULPHATE

40

35

C Alcohol + 9EO
13 - 15

30

0.00 0.01 0.1 1.0 10.0

% CONCENTRATION (ACTIVE MATTER)

3
 Hydrotropic Properties
The following graphs have been prepared to show the relative
hydrotroping properties of each amphoteric compared with that of sodium xylene sulphonate.

SXS - 30% AMA AMA LF40 AMA LF70 LF60

GRAMMES OF HYDROTROPE TO GIVE CLOUD POINT 50°C

50

40

30

20

10

0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
% BY WEIGHT OF C13 - 15 ALCOHOL + 9E.O

ODA CAB CTA/N ACP-70

GRAMMES OF HYDROTROPE TO GIVE CLOUD POINT 50°C

50
Key:

40 4% NaOH

No results
obtained at 8% +
30 12% of NaOH 8% NaOH

20 12% NaOH

10

0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
% BY WEIGHT OF C13 - 15 ALCOHOL + 9E.O

By measuring the quantity of surfactant required to yield a cloud Sodium xylene sulphonate is included, as in the UK this is
point of 50°C at varying concentrations of a C13-15 + 9EO alcohol a common hydrotrope used in the formulation of detergent
ethoxylate and sodium hydroxide, it is easy to compare the systems. It is observed that other than ODA, all the dipropionates
hydrotroping properties. A C13-15 + 9EO alcohol ethoxylate was are considerably more effective hydrotropes than sodium
selected as it is a commonly used nonionic surfactant. xylene sulphonate.

4
 Foam Heights/Stability
AMA AMA LF40 LF60 ODA ACP - 70 CAB CTA/N TAB II ROSS MILES
250 FOAM HEIGHTS -
0.1% SOLUTIONS

Ross Miles foam heights

were measured at 1%
200 and 0.1% active matter,
and at pH 1, 7 and 14,
the results show clear
differences in the
FOAM HEIGHTS (mm)

150
behaviour.

Lakeland CAB shows

consistently high foaming
at all concentrations
100 and across the pH
range. Lakeland AMA
LF40+LF60 clearly stand
out with their extremely
low foaming and very
50 rapid rate of collapse.

1 7 14 1 7 14 1 7 14 1 7 14 1 7 14 1 7 14 1 7 14 1 7 14
p.H.

AMA AMA LF40 LF60 ODA ACP - 70 CAB CTA/N TAB II ROSS MILES
FOAM HEIGHTS -
1.0% SOLUTIONS

250
Key:

INITIAL FOAM
HEIGHT
200
FOAM HEIGHT
FOAM HEIGHTS (mm)

AFTER 5 MINS

FOAM HEIGHT
150 AFTER 5 MINS

FOAM HEIGHT
AFTER 5 MINS

100

50

1 7 14 1 7 14 1 7 14 1 7 14 1 7 14 1 7 14 1 7 14 1 7 14
p.H.

5
 Isoelectric Ranges
PRODUCT p.H

AMA

AMA LF40

AMA LF70

ODA

LF60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

The dipropionates show a true isoelectric range which would Knowledge of the isoelectric range enables the formulator to
appear to be a function of the alkyl chain length. Betaines do predict performance characteristics at specific pH’s. This is
not show an isoelectric range as the nitrogen atom cannot particularly important in applications such as metal finishing
be protonated. and cleaning.

GENERAL INFORMATION
Product Chemical name S.G(20°C) Pack size CAS No EINECS Tech. data sheet No

AMA ß -Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl) 1.03 215 Kg 90170-43-7 290-476-8 100

AMA 38 N-coco alkyl derivative 1.035 215 Kg 90170-43-7 290-476-8 101
AMA 100 To follow 15 Kg 90170-43-7 290-476-8 110

AMA LF40 ß -Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl) 1.085 225 Kg 94441-92-6 305-318-6 200

N-(2-ethylhexyl) monosodium
salt

AMA LF70 ß -Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl) 1.140 240 Kg 94441-92-6 305-318-6 205

N-(2-ethylhexyl) mono salt
(70% aqueous solution)

LF 60 ß -Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl)- 1.095 225 Kg 52663-87-3 258-08-15 208

N-(n-octyl) mono salt (60%
aqueous solution)

ODA ß -Alanine, N-(2-carboxyethyl) 1.01 200 Kg 61791-56-8 263-190-6 225

N-tallow alkyl derivate (30%
solution)

ACP 70 N-Cocoalkylaminopropionic acid 0.99 200 Kg 84812-94-2 284-219-9 120

CAB 1-Propanamium 3-amino-N- 1.05 200 Kg 68607-25-0 264-378-0 300

(carboxymethyl)-N,N- dimethyl,
N-cocoacyl derivatives

CTA/N Betaines, Coco alkyl dimethyl 1.02 200 Kg 68424-94-2 266-368-1 400

TAB II Betaines, bis - (1,2-Ethanediol) 1.025 200 Kg 70750-46-8 274-845-0 360

Oleic dimethyl

NOTE: The pack sizes stated are the standard ones. Larger or smaller pack sizes are available on request.

6
 Where to use Amphoteric Surfactants?
We now have the answers to WHY and WHICH amphoteric. applied should give the formulator a complete picture of the
The following examples of WHERE Amphoterics are often flexibility of these types of surfactants.

Vehicle Cleaning formulated combinations of AMA with ACP 70 and/or Imidazolines,

For effective cleaning using high pressure jetting, it was found that have been found to give very good lubricity. The properties of these
tailored detergents based on sequesterant, nonionic and amphoteric systems are ideal for lubricating slat conveyers and bottling plant
surfactants were required. The dirt lifting properties are attributed transport systems.
to the Amphoteric surfactant. The hydrotroping effect makes possible (See formulation 28).
the use of nonionics to utilise their emulsifying properties.
Combinations of surfactants such as Lakeland AMA and Lakeland
Agro-Chemicals
Lakeland AMA has proved to be an excellent penetrant for the
CAB, can be used to produce higher foam levels. If low foam is
application of trace elements in soil conditioning.
required then Lakeland AMA LF40, AMA LF70 or LF60 can be used.
(See formulations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). Personal Care
Lakeland CAB and CTA/N have been tested for irritancy and have
Hard Surface Cleaners - Household and industrial
been shown to be acceptable for personal care products (see data
This term covers a wide range of cleaning preparations, from high
sheet No 350), such as hand cleaners, hair shampoos and foam baths.
alkali oven cleaners to acidic scale removers. Lakeland AMA, due to
(See formulations 22, 23, 24 and 25).
its pH tolerance, is the ideal cornerstone on which to formulate
HSC`s. Again the superb hydrotrope properties make for stable Micro Emulsions
preparations over a wide temperature range. Production times In recent years there has been increased interest in micro emulsions.
are also improved, enabling increased production. The biostatic This has been encouraged by the availability of biodegradable
properties of Lakeland AMA give self-preserving formulations. solvents such as Terpene and d-Limonene. Lakeland AMA has found
(See formulations 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10). a use in elevating the cloud point of emulsion systems so that the
micro emulsions can be used at elevated temperatures.
Laundry Detergents
(See formulations 26 and 27).
Liquid laundry detergents are becoming increasingly popular for
industrial laundry work as they can be metered automatically into the Carpet Cleaners
washing machine. Lakeland AMA has proved to be an effective The advent of commercial carpet cleaning using steam cleaners
component due to its powerful detergency and allowing high active required a low foam detergent system. Lakeland AMA LF40 has been
hydrotroping property formulations to be produced. Lakeland ODA is found to give excellent cleaning results due to its low foaming and
also used in liquid laundry detergents for its soil suspending good detergency.
properties. The use of Lakeland AMA gives excellent rinse properties. (See formulations 12, 13, 14 and 15).
(See formulation 25).
Foaming Agents
Cleaner/Sanitizers Lakeland CAB can be used in the production of foam, for such
The production of cleaner/sanitizers has often proved problematical, diverse applications as air entrainment, textiles, and for the application
in that the anionic surfactants used have interfered with the of finishes by a foam blanket.
quaternary compounds used for the sanitizing. The use of Lakeland
AMA in combination with a nonionic does not interfere with the Household Products
quaternary compound. An excellent detergent system is produced Dipropionates have proved their worth in industrial maintenance
and allows the quaternary compound to work effectively. products. Their success in that market is now being mirrored in the
(See formulation 8). household market. Lakeland AMA is finding use in products such as
neutral cleaners applied by trigger spray. Lakeland AMA can be dried
Metal Finishing by a special process to form a free-flowing powder, which can be used
Machined metal parts need to be cleansed to various degrees during to formulate in-situ foam carpet cleaners as an alternative to the
manufacture. This varies from removing oil and particulate matter traditional use of sulphosuccinates. Lakeland AMA is also suitable for
prior to inspection for accuracy of machining, to cleaning alkaline oven cleaners applied either by hand or via a trigger spray. The
immaculately prior to electroplating. Lakeland AMA LF40, due to its move from powder to liquid laundry detergents has created a market
combination of low foam/hydrotroping/detergency and caustic for hydrotrope/detergents such as Lakeland AMA and AMA LF40 as
tolerance, lends itself to spray cleaning and soak solutions. Lakeland the basic building blocks on which to formulate. Betaines have a long
AMA LF40 is not substantive to ferrous metals in alkali conditions history of use in personal care products such as hair shampoos, foam
and will therefore not interfere with subsequent electroplating. The baths, and shower gels. As the cost of betaines has decreased they
phasing out of chloroethanes at the end of 1994, due to the Montreal are now finding use in such products as washing-up liquids.
convention, has almost certainly increased the use of spray cleaners. (See formulations 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25).
(See formulations 16 and 19).
Acid Thickening
Aqueous Lubricants Both Lakeland ODA and TAB II are used as acid thickeners. ODA is
Lakeland AMA is proving to be a useful product in the formulation of principally used for thickening hydrochloric and sulphuric acid, whereas
slat and chain lubricants. Due to the hydrotroping properties of TAB II can be used in the thickening of weak acids such as citric acid as
Lakeland AMA, biostatic properties, and hard water tolerance, it is well as the above mentioned mineral acids.
excellent for producing synthetic and soap-based lubricants. Currently (See formulations 28 and 29).

7
 Formulary
FORMULATION IDEAS
Detailed below are formulation ideas for a variety of products. These are suggestions for the formulator
to consider before starting his work. The formulator will have his own skills and experience to add to the finished product.

VEHICLE CLEANING PRODUCTS

1. TRAFFIC FILM REMOVER 2. CAUSTIC FREE TFR 3. WASH & WAX (HAND VEHICLE CLEANER)
10% Lakeland AMA 3% Lakeland PPE 159 10% Lakeland RAC
2% Alcohol Ethoxylate (C9 -C11, 6 Moles EO) 1.8% Triethanolamine 5% Lakeland AMA
17% NTA Soln. (38%) 20% NTA (38%) 1% Alcohol Ethoxylate (C13 - C15 , 9 Mole EO)
5% Sodium Metasilicate 5% Alcohol Ethoxylate (C9 -C11, 6 Moles EO) 5% Lakewax 20.
2% Sodium Hydroxide (27%) 10% Lakeland AMA Balance Water
Balance water. Balance water.

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY VEHICLE CLEANING SYSTEMS

4. CAUSTIC FREE SHAMPOO 5. CAR RINSE/HYDROPHOBE

12% Lakeland AMA CONCENTRATE
0.8% Lakeland Imidazoline 18 OH 15% Lakeland Imidazoline 18 DA
2% Alcohol Ethoxylate (C13 - C15 , 9 Mole EO) 5% Lakeland PA 100
3% NTA (38%) 5% Lakeland AMA LF 40
Balance water. Balance water.

GENERAL CLEANING PRODUCTS

6. HARD SURFACE CLEANER G.P. 7. HARD SURFACE CLEANER G.P. 8. HARD SURFACE BIOCIDAL CLEANER
5% Lakeland AMA 8% Lakeland AMA 5% Lakeland AMA
10% Alkylbenzene Sulphonate 25% 3% Alcohol Ethoxylate (C13 - C15 ,7 Moles EO) 5% Benzalkonium Chloride 50%
15% Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 50% 18% Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 50% 3% Alcohol Ethoxylate (C13 - C15 ,7 Moles EO)
3% Sodium Metasilicate 3% Sodium Metasilicate 5% NTA Soln (38%)
5% Butyl Oxitol 5% Butyl Oxitol 2% Sodium Carbonate
Balance water. Balance water. 3% Butyl Oxitol.
Balance water.
9. HEAVY DUTY ALKALINE CLEANER 10. OVEN CLEANER
20% Sodium Metasilicate 45% Sodium Hydroxide (27%) 11. LIGHT DUTY AUTOMATIC
15% Sodium Hydroxide (27%) 0.5% NTA Solution (38%) DISH-WASH LIQUIDS
5% NTA Solution (38%) 3% Lakeland AMA 23% Sodium Hydroxide (27%)
12% Lakeland AMA 3% Lakeland CAB 40% NTA Solution (38%)
6% Alcohol Ethoxylate (C9-C11, 8 Moles EO) Balance Water. 2% Lakeland AMA LF 40
Balance water. 0.5% Benzotriazole
13. LOW FOAM CARPET CLEANER Balance water.
12. LOW FOAM CARPET CLEANER HEAVY DUTY
4% Sodium Metasilicate 10% Sodium Metasilicate 14. LOW FOAM CARPET CLEANER
6% Sodium Tripolyphosphate 10.5% NTA Solution (38%) ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
2% NTA Solution (38%) 12% Butyl Oxitol 4% Estasol™ (coalescing solvent)
3.5% Low foam Alkoxylate 4% Isopropanol 8% Sodium Silicate (50%)
6% Lakeland AMA LF 40 10% Lakeland AMA LF 40 6% Sodium Tripolyphosphate
Balance water. Balance water. 3.5% Low foam Alkoxylate
5.5% Lakeland AMA LF 40
15. HIGH FOAMING CARPET SHAMPOO 16. METAL SPRAY CLEANER Balance water.
3% Estasol™ (coalescing solvent) 20% Sodium Hydroxide (27%)
6% Lauryl Ether Sulphate 3% Sodium Metasilicate 17. LOW FOAM RINSE AID FOR MACHINE
4% Lakeland AMA 4% Sodium Carbonate DISH-WASHING
4% Low foam Alkoxylate 9% Lakeland AMA LF 40 12% Low foam Alkoxylate
7% Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 1% Low foam Alkoxylate 5% Citric Acid
Balance water. Balance water. 5% Isopropanol
5% Lakeland AMA LF 40
Balance water.

Estasol is a trademark of Chemoxy.

8
 GENERAL CLEANING PRODUCTS

18. MACHINE DISH-WASH LIQUID DETERGENT 19. ALUMINIUM/STAINLESS STEEL CLEANER

5% Blend of Polyphosphonic Acids (40%) 10% Lakeland PA 100
18.5% Sodium Hydroxide (27%) 5% Lakeland AMA LF 40
16% Sodium Silicate (50%) 2% Alcohol Ethoxylate (C13 - C15 , 9 Moles EO)
4% Lakeland AMA LF 40 5% Butyl Oxitol
Balance water. Balance water.

20. FLOOR POLISH STRIPPER-LOW FOAM 21. LAKELAND HDL

5% Lakeland AMA LF 40 (LIQUID LAUNDRY DETERGENT)
5% NTA Solution (40%) 4.85% Tall Oil Fatty Acid
4% Low foam Alkoxylate 1.07% Potassium Hydroxide (90%)
5% Sodium Metasilicate 15.6% Lakeland AMA
4% Butyl Oxitol 5.5% Lakeland ODA
Balance water. 1% Lakeland PPE 604
5.8% NTA (38%)
14% Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (50%)
9.3% Alcohol Ethoxylate (C13 - C15 , 9 Mole EO)
0.2% Tinopal DMS/X (optical brighter)
Balance water.

PERSONAL CARE

22. HAND CLEANER 23. ECONOMICAL HAIR SHAMPOO

15% Lakeland CTA/N 9% Lakeland CTA/N
30% Lauryl Ether Sulphate (27%) 25% Lauryl Ether Sulphate (27%)
Citric Acid to pH 6.5 3% Coconut Diethanolamide
Perfume, Dye, and NaCl addition Perfume, Dye, and NaCl addition to
to desired viscosity. desired viscosity, Citric Acid to neutral pH.
Balance water. Balance water.

24. SHOWER GEL 25. FOAM BATH

12% Lakeland CAB 12% Lakeland CAB
25% Lauryl Ether Sulphate (27%) 20% Lauryl Ether Sulphate (27%)
Citric Acid to pH 6.5 3% Coconut Diethanolamide
Perfume, Dye, and NaCl to the Citric Acid to pH 6.5
desired viscosity. Perfume, Dye, and NaCl to the
Balance water desired viscosity.
Balance water

MICRO-EMULSIONS OF TERPENE-BASED PRODUCTS

26. HARD SURFACE CLEANER 27. TRAFFIC FILM REMOVER

10% D`Limonene 7% Lakeland AMA
4.5% Alcohol Ethoxylate (C9 -C11, 2.5 Moles EO) 1.5% Sodium Hydroxide ( 27% )
10.5% Alcohol Ethoxylate (C13,10 Moles EO) 4% Sodium Metasilicate
3% Lakeland AMA 6% NTA (38%)
Balance water. 8% Alcohol Ethoxylate (C9 - C11, 6 Moles EO)
5% D`Limonene
Balance water.

ACID THICKENING

28. BOWL CLEANER 29. HIGH VISCOSITY ACID CLEANER

25% Hydrochloric Acid Conc 24.7% Phosphoric Acid (81%)
2% TAB II 2% Hydrochloric Acid Conc
Balance water. 2% TAB II
Balance water, NaCl to the
desired viscosity.

LUBRICANTS
***
30. AQUEOUS SLAT/ CHAIN LURICANT The formulations detailed above are suggested
65% Lakeland AMA as starting points for the formulator to add
5% Lakeland IMIDAZOLINE 18 OH
his own ideas and experience to produce the
25% Lakeland ODA
5% Acetic Acid
finished product. They are offered in good
faith without warranty.

9
 AMPHOTERICS
SYNTHESIS CAPABILITIES Types Properties Industrial Applications
The following represent the synthesis Dipropionates Solubilisation Detergents
Hydrotrope Maintenance Chemicals
capabilities of Lakeland plant resources; Highly Alkali Stable Metal Finishing
Acid Stable Lubricants -Bottling/Conveyer
• Amidation • Condensation Monopropionate Salt Free Vehicle Cleaning
• Cyclisation • Dehydration Corrosion Protection Toiletries
Low Foam/High Foam Textiles
• Esterification • Organophosphates Biostatic Oil Fields
• Quaternisation • Saponification Wetting Micro Emulsions
Amino Betaines Emulsification Agriculture
• Oxidation • Others Considered Hydrophobe (In Acid) Institutional
Free Rinsing Water Treatment
Non Toxic
TOLL MANUFACTURE AND CUSTOM SYNTHESIS Amido Betaines Hard Water Stable
Toll manufacture has always been an Skin Friendly
Lubrication
important part of Lakeland’s business.
The strategic location and our proven
track record has led to long-lasting
PHOSPHATE ESTERS
working relationships. With on-site
engineering facilities our existing plant Types Properties Industrial Applications
can be easily modified to customer Phosphated Wetting Metal Work/Finishing
requirements. All custom and Toll Alcohols Solubilisation Detergents
manufacture is carried out under a Hydrotropes Maintenance Chemicals
Highly Alkali Stable Textiles
mutually agreeable secrecy contract. Corrosion Inhibition Agriculture
Phosphated Low Foam/High Foam Oil Fields
TECHNICAL SERVICE Alcohol Ethoxylates Emulsification Institutional
Load Carrying Water Treatment
Research and development of in-house
Free Rinsing Vehicle Cleaning
products extends our expertise into new Hard Water Stable
markets. Toll and custom synthesis is Phosphated Lubricants
supported by lab-scale work and customer Phenol Ethoxylates Emulsion Polymerisation

liaison. To supplement the above, and

to develop and improve new products,
IMIDAZOLINES
the laboratory facilities include;
Types Properties Industrial Applications
• FT Infrared Spectroscopy
Aminoethyl Corrosion Inhibition Oil Fields
• Ultraviolet/Visible Spectroscopy Dispersants Metal Working
• Automated Wet Analysis Methods:- Dewatering Textiles
• Karl Fischer, Chloride Determination, Emulsification Paper
Hydroxy Ethyl Rheology Modifiers Lubricants
• Titroprocessor Oil Soluble Road Making
• Classical Wet Analysis Water Soluble (Salts) Paints
• Autoclave Facilities Adhesion Promoters Inks
Amido Ethyl Acid Stable Agriculture
• Process Development
Flocculation Maintenance Chemicals
• Formulation Textiles Softeners Lapping Compounds
• HPLC Amide Blends Bitumen Emulsification Pigment Dispersion

Small-scale custom laboratory synthesis

will be considered. Applications and WAX EMULSIONS
formulation help is given where possible.
Types Properties Industrial Applications

QUALITY Polyethylene Completely Aqueous Floor Polish

At Lakeland we are fully aware of Nonionic Printing Ink (Flexographic)
the necessity for complete customer Oxidised Cationic Temporary Protective Coatings
Polyethylene Small Particle Size Metal Working
service in terms of both technical
Highly Stable Wood Finishes
support and quality/ flexibility of supply.
Polyethylene/ Hard Waxes Facade Protection
We are a BS EN ISO 9002 registered
Acrylic Copolymers Soft Waxes Textile Finishing
company which, in itself, shows our 18-35% Solids Packaging Films
commitment to quality manufacture Montan Ester Paints (Water Based)
and customer satisfaction. Fruit Coating
Anti-Blocking
Mould Release

10
 AUSTRALIA CZECH REPUBLIC
Fernz Speciality Chemicals Tel: +61 (0) 2 9755 9600 D’Orland Chemicals (UK) Ltd Tel: +43 (0) 1 263 6738
NSW Fax: +61 (0) 2 9755 9611 Austria Fax: +43 (0) 1 263 6718
AUSTRIA DENMARK
Jauk GmbH & Co KG Tel: +43 (0) 1 535 12 69 Chr.Krogh, AS Tel: +45 (0) 39 62 98 08
Wien Fax: +43 (0) 1 535 97 55 Kobenhaven Fax: +45 (0) 39 62 50 88
BENELUX FINLAND
Espachem Tel: +31 (0) 33 298 1983 MBS - Suomi OY Tel: +358 (0) 9 3508 6555
Bunschoten, HOLLAND Fax: +31 (0) 33 298 8468 Vantaa Fax: +358 (0) 9 3508 6550

FRANCE
Groupe Arnaud Tel: +33 (0) 1 44 73 10 00
Paris Fax: +33 (0) 1 44 73 10 49
AGENCIES AND GERMANY
Polygon Chemie AG Tel: +41 (0) 62 205 50 20
DISTRIBUTION Olten, Switzerland

INDIA (Manufacturer)
Fax: +41 (0) 62 205 50 30

Enva Chem (India) Ltd Tel: +91 (0) 22 496 2244

Bombay Fax: +91 (0) 22 496 4499
PRESTON & M6
ISRAEL
➔

ROCHDALE LEEDS
M66 ➔ Paz Lubricants & Chemicals Ltd Tel: +972 (0) 4 835 2095
M62
BOLTON
Haifa Fax: +972 (0) 4 867 0006
CARLISLE
➔

M61
OLDHAM ITALY
A 580
Chemservice srl Tel: +390 (0) 362 554 807
A 580 M66
M62 Milano Fax: +390 (0) 362 554 877
M6 M602
CANAL SHEFFIELD
M67 MIDDLE EAST
LAKELAND
➔
➔

LABS
M62 MANCHESTER M66 REDA Industrial Materials LLC Tel: +971 (0) 4 273 776
CITY CENTRE
M63 Dubai Fax: +971 (0) 4 276 301
STOCKPORT
NEW ZEALAND
M56 Fernz Chemicals (NZ) Ltd Tel: +64 (0) 9 415 7001
✈ MANCHESTER
INTERNATIONAL
Auckland Fax: +64 (0) 9 415 7002
M6 AIRPORT
A1 NORWAY
➔ KNUTSFORD M6
BIRMINGHAM & LONDON SvedaKjemi AS Tel: +47 (0) 22 88 16 00
Oslo Fax: +47 (0) 22 72 00 52
LEEDS
Frederikstadt Tel: +47 (0) 69 32 30 10
M61 Fax: +47 (0) 69 32 10 70
M62

M1
PORTUGAL
M62
Horquim Representações Lda Tel: +351 (0) 2 2967 09 82
MANCHESTER
Maia Fax: +351 (0) 2 2967 32 87
M56

A1 (M)
SPAIN
Merck Farma y Quimica, SA Tel: +34 (0) 93 565 55 00
M6 Barcelona Fax: +34 (0) 93 544 02 59
M1

SWEDEN
MB-Sveda AB Tel: +46 (0) 40 35 28 00
Malmo Fax: +46 (0) 40 12 51 72
Norrköping Tel: +46 (0) 11 10 64 20
BIRMINGHAM Fax: +46 (0) 11 10 26 21
NORTHAMPTON
Kista Tel: +46 (0) 8 632 36 00
M5 M6
Fax: +46 (0) 8 752 00 91
Göteborg Tel: +46 (0) 31 83 80 00

LL
Fax: +46 (0) 31 84 39 80

SWITZERLAND
Polygon Chemie AG Tel: +41 (0) 62 205 50 20
Olten Fax: +41 (0) 62 205 50 30

TAIWAN
Keeneyes Industrial Corp Tel: +886 (0) 2 2393 4076
Ref: Lakeland Amp (4), 2/00

Taipei Fax: +886 (0) 2 2393 4896

LAKELAND LABORATORIES LIMITED THAILAND

Prior Chemical ind (Thailand) Co Ltd Tel: +66 (0) 2 332 5234
Peel Lane, Astley Green, Tyldesley, Bangkok Fax: +66 (0) 2 332 6595
Manchester M29 7FE, England.
Telephone: +44 (0)1942 873555, Fax: +44 (0)1942 884409.
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Web Site: www.lakeland-labs.co.uk.