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    Switching: - Switch Is A Layer 2 Device - Two Types of Switches

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    AlyDeden
    This document summarizes the key aspects of switches, including: 1. Switches come in two types - manageable switches with console ports and non-manageable switches without console ports. Switches can also be cut-through or store-and-forward. 2. Switches perform functions like address learning, forwarding, and loop avoidance using the spanning tree protocol. 3. VLANs allow a single switch to be divided into multiple broadcast domains for logical grouping and security. VLANs are identified using tagging. 4. Protocols like VTP allow synchronization of VLAN configurations across switches in the same VTP domain.

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    Switching: - Switch Is A Layer 2 Device - Two Types of Switches

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    AlyDeden
    37 views25 pages
    This document summarizes the key aspects of switches, including: 1. Switches come in two types - manageable switches with console ports and non-manageable switches without console ports. Switches can also be cut-through or store-and-forward. 2. Switches perform functions like address learning, forwarding, and loop avoidance using the spanning tree protocol. 3. VLANs allow a single switch to be divided into multiple broadcast domains for logical grouping and security. VLANs are identified using tagging. 4. Protocols like VTP allow synchronization of VLAN configurations across switches in the same VTP domain.

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    This document summarizes the key aspects of switches, including: 1. Switches come in two types - manageable switches with console ports and non-manageable switches without console ports. Switches can also be cut-through or store-and-forward. 2. Switches perform functions like address learning, forwarding, and loop avoidance using the spanning tree protocol. 3. VLANs allow a single switch to be divided into multiple broadcast domains for logical grouping and security. VLANs are identified using tagging. 4. Protocols like VTP allow synchronization of VLAN configurations across switches in the same VTP domain.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views25 pages

    Switching: - Switch Is A Layer 2 Device - Two Types of Switches

    Uploaded by

    AlyDeden
    This document summarizes the key aspects of switches, including: 1. Switches come in two types - manageable switches with console ports and non-manageable switches without console ports. Switches can also be cut-through or store-and-forward. 2. Switches perform functions like address learning, forwarding, and loop avoidance using the spanning tree protocol. 3. VLANs allow a single switch to be divided into multiple broadcast domains for logical grouping and security. VLANs are identified using tagging. 4. Protocols like VTP allow synchronization of VLAN configurations across switches in the same VTP domain.

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    of 25

    SWITCHING

    • Switch is a layer 2 Device


    • Two types of switches:-
    1. Manageable
    • Switches which has a console port
    • It is costly
    • Ex: Cisco catalyst 2950
    1. Non-manageable-
    • Switches which does not have console port
    • Less expensive
    • Ex: D-link, Net gear
    FURTHER CLASSIFICATION
    1. Cut through
     Cut through switch is one which has no error checking on incoming
    frame
     Ex: Normal Switch

    2. Store and Forward


     Store and forward has a buffer (small memory) in which the incoming
    frame is saved in it , checks the error and transmits
    FUNCTIONS OF SWITCH
    • Address Learning
    • No entries are in MAC table initially
    • Each port broad cast to find its device for communication
    • The frame contains SMAC and source port no:
    • It is entered into the MAC table
    • After finding its device , the details are entered into the MAC table
    • Forwarding
    • Forwarding is the process in which the frames are transferred according to
    MAC table

    • Loop avoidance
    • Two links are connected to two switches.
    • A loop occurs between the loops
    STP (SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL)
    • Provides a loop-free redundant network topology by
    placing certain ports in the blocking state.
    • It is to avoid Looping in switches
    BRIDGE ID
    • It is an address used to identify switches
    • It is a combination of priority value + MAC address
    • Ex: 32768:aa:bb:cc:dd
    ROUTE BRIDGE
    • The highest priority switch among network of switch.
    • It controls the other ones.
    • Only one Route Bridge is in a network
    • The other switches are called non-Route Bridge
    DESIGNATED PORT
    • The forwarding port of frame is called DP
    • All ports in Route Bridge are Designated ports
    • All ports in a non-Route Bridge are non- Designated ports
    ROOT PORT
    • The ports in which designated and Non-Designated ports
    communicate.
    STP OPERATION
    • BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit), with the help of this packet, Root
    Bridge is elected.
    • The Root Bridge is elected with comparing Bridge ID and Root ID.
    • The lowest BPDU Root ID is the Root Bridge.
    • Initially BPDU packets are sent to all switches.
    • A Root Port is selected with the help of Path Cost.
    • The port in which Path cost having lowest value is the Root port.
    SWITCH COMPONENTS
    • Processor
    • Motherboard
    • SMPS
    • RAM
    • NVRAM
    • FLASH
    • Switches typically have no power switch to turn them on and off.
    They simply connect or disconnect from a power source.
    COMMAND LINE INTERFACE
    • The command line interface of switch is same as that of a Router
    • The Port interface is automatically assigned with IP and by default the
    status is up.
    SWITCH PORT TYPES
    1. Trunk
     A Switch to Switch connections are Trunk

    2. Access
     PC- Switch connections are Access
    SETTING ACCESS & TRUNK PORT
    Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
    Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access (For Access Port)
    Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
    PORT SECURITY
    Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
    Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
    Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security
    Switch(config-if)#switchport port-security maximum 1
    Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security mac address sticky
    Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security violation shutdown
    Switch# show port-security (To Verify)
    VLAN
    • Switch is a single broadcast domain
    • Converting a single broadcast domain into multiple broadcast
    domain is called Vlan.
    • It is a virtual LAN created in a switch.
    • Two types:-
    • 1- 1005 standard
    • 1006 – 4096 extended

    • All ports in a switch comes under Vlan 1 or administrative vlan by


    default (name default)
    • Mainly Vlan is implemented for logical grouping
    • A device under one Vlan area will not communicate with other Vlan
    area
    • Implements security
    CREATING VLAN
    Switch(config)#vlan 100
    Switch(config-vlan)#name vlan100
    • Assigning a port to vlan:-
    Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
    Or
    Switch(config)#interface range fastethernet 0/1 – 10
    Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 100
    • To remove:-
    Switch(config)#no vlan 100
    Switch(config-if)#no switchport access vlan 100
    ASSIGNING IP
    Switch(config)#interface vlan 100
    Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
    Switch(config-if)#no shut down
    VLAN IDENTIFICATION OR FRAME
    TAGGING
    • Adding Vlan ID to each frame containing the details of destination
    Vlan ID is called Vlan Identification
    • Trunk port is used to connect two switch which passes multiple Vlan
    information
    • Access port is used to connect PC and switch which passes single
    Vlan information
    • Types:-
    • ISL (Interlink Switch)- Encapsulation method of CISCO
    • IEEE 802.1Q or dot1Q- Open support all switches
    ROUTER ON STICK
    In Router:-
    Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0.1
    Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 100
    Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
    Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0.2
    Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 200
    Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
    Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0.3
    Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 200
    Router(config-if)#ip address 30.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
    Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0
    Router(config-if)no shut down
    In Switch:-
    Switch(config)interface fastethernet 0/1
    Switch(config-if)switchport mode trunk
    Switch#show interface trunk
    VTP (VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL)
    • VTP is used to create domain environment in a switching network
    • VTP modes:-
    • Server
    • Client
    • Transparent
    • Creates, modifies, and deletes
    VLANs
    • Sends and forwards
    advertisements
    • Synchronizes VLAN
    configurations
    • Saves configuration in NVRAM

    • Cannot create, • Creates, modifies, and


    change, or delete deletes VLANs locally
    VLANs only
    • Forwards • Forwards
    advertisements advertisements
    • Synchronizes • Does not
    VLAN synchronize VLAN
    configurations configurations
    • Does not save in • Saves configuration in
    NVRAM NVRAM
    VTP DOMAIN
    • VTP updates will not be received in switch which is having different
    domain name.
    • It receives when domain name is same
    Switch(config)#vtp domain NS (To create domain)
    Switch(config)#vtp mode ? (To change the VTP mode)
    CONFIGURATION REVISION
    NUMBER
    • A switch having higher revision number database overwrites to
    another switch having lower revision number.
    • To avoid this we make the switch which has higher revision number
    into transparent mode.
    VTP PRUNING MODE
    • This mode controls transferring unwanted updates from server to un
    manual switch.

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