Scribd
Upload
80 views25 pages

Switching: - Switch Is A Layer 2 Device - Two Types of Switches

This document summarizes the key aspects of switches, including: 1. Switches come in two types - manageable switches with console ports and non-manageable switches without console ports. Switches can also be cut-through or store-and-forward. 2. Switches perform functions like address learning, forwarding, and loop avoidance using the spanning tree protocol. 3. VLANs allow a single switch to be divided into multiple broadcast domains for logical grouping and security. VLANs are identified using tagging. 4. Protocols like VTP allow synchronization of VLAN configurations across switches in the same VTP domain.

Uploaded by

AlyDeden
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
80 views25 pages

Switching: - Switch Is A Layer 2 Device - Two Types of Switches

This document summarizes the key aspects of switches, including: 1. Switches come in two types - manageable switches with console ports and non-manageable switches without console ports. Switches can also be cut-through or store-and-forward. 2. Switches perform functions like address learning, forwarding, and loop avoidance using the spanning tree protocol. 3. VLANs allow a single switch to be divided into multiple broadcast domains for logical grouping and security. VLANs are identified using tagging. 4. Protocols like VTP allow synchronization of VLAN configurations across switches in the same VTP domain.

Uploaded by

AlyDeden
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

SWITCHING

• Switch is a layer 2 Device


• Two types of switches:-
1. Manageable
• Switches which has a console port
• It is costly
• Ex: Cisco catalyst 2950
1. Non-manageable-
• Switches which does not have console port
• Less expensive
• Ex: D-link, Net gear
FURTHER CLASSIFICATION
1. Cut through
 Cut through switch is one which has no error checking on incoming
frame
 Ex: Normal Switch

2. Store and Forward


 Store and forward has a buffer (small memory) in which the incoming
frame is saved in it , checks the error and transmits
FUNCTIONS OF SWITCH
• Address Learning
• No entries are in MAC table initially
• Each port broad cast to find its device for communication
• The frame contains SMAC and source port no:
• It is entered into the MAC table
• After finding its device , the details are entered into the MAC table
• Forwarding
• Forwarding is the process in which the frames are transferred according to
MAC table

• Loop avoidance
• Two links are connected to two switches.
• A loop occurs between the loops
STP (SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL)
• Provides a loop-free redundant network topology by
placing certain ports in the blocking state.
• It is to avoid Looping in switches
BRIDGE ID
• It is an address used to identify switches
• It is a combination of priority value + MAC address
• Ex: 32768:aa:bb:cc:dd
ROUTE BRIDGE
• The highest priority switch among network of switch.
• It controls the other ones.
• Only one Route Bridge is in a network
• The other switches are called non-Route Bridge
DESIGNATED PORT
• The forwarding port of frame is called DP
• All ports in Route Bridge are Designated ports
• All ports in a non-Route Bridge are non- Designated ports
ROOT PORT
• The ports in which designated and Non-Designated ports
communicate.
STP OPERATION
• BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit), with the help of this packet, Root
Bridge is elected.
• The Root Bridge is elected with comparing Bridge ID and Root ID.
• The lowest BPDU Root ID is the Root Bridge.
• Initially BPDU packets are sent to all switches.
• A Root Port is selected with the help of Path Cost.
• The port in which Path cost having lowest value is the Root port.
SWITCH COMPONENTS
• Processor
• Motherboard
• SMPS
• RAM
• NVRAM
• FLASH
• Switches typically have no power switch to turn them on and off.
They simply connect or disconnect from a power source.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE
• The command line interface of switch is same as that of a Router
• The Port interface is automatically assigned with IP and by default the
status is up.
SWITCH PORT TYPES
1. Trunk
 A Switch to Switch connections are Trunk

2. Access
 PC- Switch connections are Access
SETTING ACCESS & TRUNK PORT
Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access (For Access Port)
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
PORT SECURITY
Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security
Switch(config-if)#switchport port-security maximum 1
Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security mac address sticky
Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security violation shutdown
Switch# show port-security (To Verify)
VLAN
• Switch is a single broadcast domain
• Converting a single broadcast domain into multiple broadcast
domain is called Vlan.
• It is a virtual LAN created in a switch.
• Two types:-
• 1- 1005 standard
• 1006 – 4096 extended

• All ports in a switch comes under Vlan 1 or administrative vlan by


default (name default)
• Mainly Vlan is implemented for logical grouping
• A device under one Vlan area will not communicate with other Vlan
area
• Implements security
CREATING VLAN
Switch(config)#vlan 100
Switch(config-vlan)#name vlan100
• Assigning a port to vlan:-
Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Or
Switch(config)#interface range fastethernet 0/1 – 10
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 100
• To remove:-
Switch(config)#no vlan 100
Switch(config-if)#no switchport access vlan 100
ASSIGNING IP
Switch(config)#interface vlan 100
Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)#no shut down
VLAN IDENTIFICATION OR FRAME
TAGGING
• Adding Vlan ID to each frame containing the details of destination
Vlan ID is called Vlan Identification
• Trunk port is used to connect two switch which passes multiple Vlan
information
• Access port is used to connect PC and switch which passes single
Vlan information
• Types:-
• ISL (Interlink Switch)- Encapsulation method of CISCO
• IEEE 802.1Q or dot1Q- Open support all switches
ROUTER ON STICK
In Router:-
Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0.1
Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 100
Router(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0.2
Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 200
Router(config-if)#ip address 20.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0.3
Router(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q 200
Router(config-if)#ip address 30.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Router(config)#interface fastethernet f0/0
Router(config-if)no shut down
In Switch:-
Switch(config)interface fastethernet 0/1
Switch(config-if)switchport mode trunk
Switch#show interface trunk
VTP (VLAN TRUNKING PROTOCOL)
• VTP is used to create domain environment in a switching network
• VTP modes:-
• Server
• Client
• Transparent
• Creates, modifies, and deletes
VLANs
• Sends and forwards
advertisements
• Synchronizes VLAN
configurations
• Saves configuration in NVRAM

• Cannot create, • Creates, modifies, and


change, or delete deletes VLANs locally
VLANs only
• Forwards • Forwards
advertisements advertisements
• Synchronizes • Does not
VLAN synchronize VLAN
configurations configurations
• Does not save in • Saves configuration in
NVRAM NVRAM
VTP DOMAIN
• VTP updates will not be received in switch which is having different
domain name.
• It receives when domain name is same
Switch(config)#vtp domain NS (To create domain)
Switch(config)#vtp mode ? (To change the VTP mode)
CONFIGURATION REVISION
NUMBER
• A switch having higher revision number database overwrites to
another switch having lower revision number.
• To avoid this we make the switch which has higher revision number
into transparent mode.
VTP PRUNING MODE
• This mode controls transferring unwanted updates from server to un
manual switch.

You might also like