Scribd
Upload
547 views

Problem Solution

The document contains 7 questions and solutions regarding communication networks. Question 1 calculates propagation delays for different connection types. Question 2 determines transmission times for images over different bandwidth connections. Question 3 calculates ratios of propagation to transmission delays for various data links. Question 4 determines the Nyquist maximum data transfer rate for a PSTN connection. Questions 5-7 determine information rates, latencies and throughputs for fiber optic and FDDI ring network configurations.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Mnirul Islam sajib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
547 views

Problem Solution

The document contains 7 questions and solutions regarding communication networks. Question 1 calculates propagation delays for different connection types. Question 2 determines transmission times for images over different bandwidth connections. Question 3 calculates ratios of propagation to transmission delays for various data links. Question 4 determines the Nyquist maximum data transfer rate for a PSTN connection. Questions 5-7 determine information rates, latencies and throughputs for fiber optic and FDDI ring network configurations.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Mnirul Islam sajib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Problem Solution

Q.1. Determine the propagation delay associated with the following communication channels:
(i) a connection through a private telephone network of 1 km.
(ii) a connection through a PSTN of 200 km.
(iii) a connection over a satellite channel of 50,000 km.
Assume that the velocity of propagation of a signal in the case of private telephone network and PSTN is 2 ×108 ms-1 and in
the case of satellite channel is 3 ×108 ms-1.
Solution:
We have,
Physical Separation
Propagation Delay,TP =
Velocity of Propagation
1 km 1000
(i) TP = 8 1
 8
 5 10 6 sec .
2 10 ms 2 10
200 km 200  1000
(ii) TP = 8 1
 8
 103 sec .
2  10 ms 2 10
50,000 km 50, 000  1000
(iii) TP =   1.67 10 1 sec .
3 108 ms 1 3  108

Q.2. Determine the time to transmit the following digitized images at both 64 kbps and 1.5 Mbps.
(i) a 640 × 480 × 8 VGA-compatible image.
(ii) a 1024 × 768 × 24 SVGA-compatible image.
Solution:
The size of each images is:
VGA = 640 × 480 × 8 Mbits = 640 × 480 × 8 × 106 bits.
SVGA = 1024 × 768 × 24 Mbits = 1024 × 768 × 24 × 106 bits.

The time to transmit each image is:


At 64kbps:
640  480  8  106
VGA =  38.4 sec.
64  103
1024  768  24  106
SVGA =  294.912sec.
64  103
At 1.5 Mbps:
640  480  8  106
VGA =  1.6384 sec.
1.5  106
1024  768  24  106
SVGA =  12.5829sec.
1.5  106

Q.3. A 1000-bit block of data is to be transmitted between two computers. Determine the ratio of the propagation delay to the
transmission delay for the following types of data links:
(i) 100 m of twisted-pair wire and transmission rate of 10 kbps.
(ii) 10 km of coaxial cable and transmission rate of 1 Mbps.
(iii) 50,000 km of satellite link and transmission rate of 10 Mbps.
Solution:
Assume, the velocity of propagation through cable = 2 ×108 ms-1
the velocity of propagation through free space = 3 ×108 ms-1

S 100m 100
(i) TP =  8 1
 8
 5 10 7 sec.
V 2  10 ms 2  10
N 1000block 1000
TX = = = =0.1sec.
R 10kbps 10×103
TP 5 107
a=   5 106 .
TX 0.1
S 10km 10  103
(ii) TP =    5  105 sec.
V 2  108 ms 1 2  108
N 1000block 1000
TX = = = =103sec.
R 1Mbps 1×106
TP 5 103
a=  3
 5 102 .
TX 110

S 50, 000km 5 107


(iii) TP =  8 1
 8
 1.67  10 1 sec.
V 3 10 ms 2  10
N 1000block 1000
TX = = = =10 4sec.
R 10Mbps 10×106
TP 1.67 101
a=   1.67 103 .
TX 104

Q.4. Data is to be transmitted over the access line to a PSTN using a transmission scheme with eight levels per signaling element. If
the bandwidth of the PSTN is 3000Hz, determine the Nyquist maximum data transfer rate.
Solution:
Here, Bandwidth, B = 3000 Hz.
Level of signaling, M = 8.

Nyquist maximum transfer rate,


C = 2 B log 2 M  2  3000  log 2 8  18000bps. bps.

Q.5. Assuming that a circuit through a PSTN has a bandwidth of 3000Hz and a typical signal-to-noise ratio of 20dB, determine the
maximum theoretical information rate that can be achieved.
Solution:
Here, Bandwidth, B = 3000 Hz.
SNRdB = 20.

We have,
SNR dB = 10log10SNR
 20 = 10log10SNR
Hence, SNR = 100.

Maximum theoretical information rate,


C = B log 2 (1  SNR)  3000  log 2 (1  100)  19963bps.

Q.6. Assuming a signal propagation delay in the fiber of 5μs per 1km, determine the latency of the following FDDI ring configuration
in both time and bits for a usable bit rate of 100Mbps.
(i) 2 km ring with 20 stations.
(ii) 100 km ring with 500 stations.
Solution:
We have,
Ring Latency, T1 = Propagation Delay + Number of Stations × Station Latency = Tp + N × Ts

where, Tp = Propagation Delay.


N = Number of Stations.
Ts = Station Latency.
For FDDI ring,
Ts = Station Latency = 1μs per ring.
Tp = Propagation Delay = 5μs per ring.

(i) T1 = 2km ×5μsec+20×1μsec=30μsec=30×10-6 ×100×106 bits=3000bits .


(ii) T1 = 100km ×5μsec+500×1μsec=1000μsec=1000×10-6 ×100×106 bits=100000bits .
Q.7. Determine the maximum obtainable throughput and the maximum access delay for the following two ring configurations of
FDDI ring. Assume a TTRT of 4 ms has been chosen for each configuration.
(i) 20 km ring with 200 stations.
(ii) 100 km ring with 500 stations.
Solution:
We have,
n(TTRT-T1 )
Maximum available throughput,U max =
n  TTRT+T1
Maximum access delay,A max = (n  1)  TTRT  2T1
where,
n = Number of stations.
T1 = Ring latency.
TTRT = Target token rotation time.

The ring is FDDI ring,


Hence,
Tp = 5μsec per 1km.
Ts = 1μsec per ring.

(i) T1 = 20km ×5μsec+200×1μsec=300μsec=0.3msec


200×(4msec-0.3msec)
U max =  0.92
200×4msec+0.3msec
A max = (200-1)×4msec+2×0.3msec = 796.6msec.

(ii) T1 = 100km ×5μsec+500×1μsec=1000μsec=1msec .


500×(4msec-1msec)
U max =  0.75
500×4msec+1msec
A max = (500-1)×4msec+2×1msec = 1.998sec.

You might also like