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Problem Solution

The document contains 7 questions and solutions regarding communication networks. Question 1 calculates propagation delays for different connection types. Question 2 determines transmission times for images over different bandwidth connections. Question 3 calculates ratios of propagation to transmission delays for various data links. Question 4 determines the Nyquist maximum data transfer rate for a PSTN connection. Questions 5-7 determine information rates, latencies and throughputs for fiber optic and FDDI ring network configurations.

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Mohammad Mnirul Islam sajib
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546 views

Problem Solution

The document contains 7 questions and solutions regarding communication networks. Question 1 calculates propagation delays for different connection types. Question 2 determines transmission times for images over different bandwidth connections. Question 3 calculates ratios of propagation to transmission delays for various data links. Question 4 determines the Nyquist maximum data transfer rate for a PSTN connection. Questions 5-7 determine information rates, latencies and throughputs for fiber optic and FDDI ring network configurations.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Mnirul Islam sajib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Solution

Q.1. Determine the propagation delay associated with the following communication channels:
(i) a connection through a private telephone network of 1 km.
(ii) a connection through a PSTN of 200 km.
(iii) a connection over a satellite channel of 50,000 km.
Assume that the velocity of propagation of a signal in the case of private telephone network and PSTN is 2 ×108 ms-1 and in
the case of satellite channel is 3 ×108 ms-1.
Solution:
We have,
Physical Separation
Propagation Delay,TP =
Velocity of Propagation
1 km 1000
(i) TP = 8 1
 8
 5 10 6 sec .
2 10 ms 2 10
200 km 200  1000
(ii) TP = 8 1
 8
 103 sec .
2  10 ms 2 10
50,000 km 50, 000  1000
(iii) TP =   1.67 10 1 sec .
3 108 ms 1 3  108

Q.2. Determine the time to transmit the following digitized images at both 64 kbps and 1.5 Mbps.
(i) a 640 × 480 × 8 VGA-compatible image.
(ii) a 1024 × 768 × 24 SVGA-compatible image.
Solution:
The size of each images is:
VGA = 640 × 480 × 8 Mbits = 640 × 480 × 8 × 106 bits.
SVGA = 1024 × 768 × 24 Mbits = 1024 × 768 × 24 × 106 bits.

The time to transmit each image is:


At 64kbps:
640  480  8  106
VGA =  38.4 sec.
64  103
1024  768  24  106
SVGA =  294.912sec.
64  103
At 1.5 Mbps:
640  480  8  106
VGA =  1.6384 sec.
1.5  106
1024  768  24  106
SVGA =  12.5829sec.
1.5  106

Q.3. A 1000-bit block of data is to be transmitted between two computers. Determine the ratio of the propagation delay to the
transmission delay for the following types of data links:
(i) 100 m of twisted-pair wire and transmission rate of 10 kbps.
(ii) 10 km of coaxial cable and transmission rate of 1 Mbps.
(iii) 50,000 km of satellite link and transmission rate of 10 Mbps.
Solution:
Assume, the velocity of propagation through cable = 2 ×108 ms-1
the velocity of propagation through free space = 3 ×108 ms-1

S 100m 100
(i) TP =  8 1
 8
 5 10 7 sec.
V 2  10 ms 2  10
N 1000block 1000
TX = = = =0.1sec.
R 10kbps 10×103
TP 5 107
a=   5 106 .
TX 0.1
S 10km 10  103
(ii) TP =    5  105 sec.
V 2  108 ms 1 2  108
N 1000block 1000
TX = = = =103sec.
R 1Mbps 1×106
TP 5 103
a=  3
 5 102 .
TX 110

S 50, 000km 5 107


(iii) TP =  8 1
 8
 1.67  10 1 sec.
V 3 10 ms 2  10
N 1000block 1000
TX = = = =10 4sec.
R 10Mbps 10×106
TP 1.67 101
a=   1.67 103 .
TX 104

Q.4. Data is to be transmitted over the access line to a PSTN using a transmission scheme with eight levels per signaling element. If
the bandwidth of the PSTN is 3000Hz, determine the Nyquist maximum data transfer rate.
Solution:
Here, Bandwidth, B = 3000 Hz.
Level of signaling, M = 8.

Nyquist maximum transfer rate,


C = 2 B log 2 M  2  3000  log 2 8  18000bps. bps.

Q.5. Assuming that a circuit through a PSTN has a bandwidth of 3000Hz and a typical signal-to-noise ratio of 20dB, determine the
maximum theoretical information rate that can be achieved.
Solution:
Here, Bandwidth, B = 3000 Hz.
SNRdB = 20.

We have,
SNR dB = 10log10SNR
 20 = 10log10SNR
Hence, SNR = 100.

Maximum theoretical information rate,


C = B log 2 (1  SNR)  3000  log 2 (1  100)  19963bps.

Q.6. Assuming a signal propagation delay in the fiber of 5μs per 1km, determine the latency of the following FDDI ring configuration
in both time and bits for a usable bit rate of 100Mbps.
(i) 2 km ring with 20 stations.
(ii) 100 km ring with 500 stations.
Solution:
We have,
Ring Latency, T1 = Propagation Delay + Number of Stations × Station Latency = Tp + N × Ts

where, Tp = Propagation Delay.


N = Number of Stations.
Ts = Station Latency.
For FDDI ring,
Ts = Station Latency = 1μs per ring.
Tp = Propagation Delay = 5μs per ring.

(i) T1 = 2km ×5μsec+20×1μsec=30μsec=30×10-6 ×100×106 bits=3000bits .


(ii) T1 = 100km ×5μsec+500×1μsec=1000μsec=1000×10-6 ×100×106 bits=100000bits .
Q.7. Determine the maximum obtainable throughput and the maximum access delay for the following two ring configurations of
FDDI ring. Assume a TTRT of 4 ms has been chosen for each configuration.
(i) 20 km ring with 200 stations.
(ii) 100 km ring with 500 stations.
Solution:
We have,
n(TTRT-T1 )
Maximum available throughput,U max =
n  TTRT+T1
Maximum access delay,A max = (n  1)  TTRT  2T1
where,
n = Number of stations.
T1 = Ring latency.
TTRT = Target token rotation time.

The ring is FDDI ring,


Hence,
Tp = 5μsec per 1km.
Ts = 1μsec per ring.

(i) T1 = 20km ×5μsec+200×1μsec=300μsec=0.3msec


200×(4msec-0.3msec)
U max =  0.92
200×4msec+0.3msec
A max = (200-1)×4msec+2×0.3msec = 796.6msec.

(ii) T1 = 100km ×5μsec+500×1μsec=1000μsec=1msec .


500×(4msec-1msec)
U max =  0.75
500×4msec+1msec
A max = (500-1)×4msec+2×1msec = 1.998sec.

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