tutkrh; ijaijk ij vk/kqfudrk dk çHkko

¼yfyriqj ftys ds lgfj;k tutkfr ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa½

fo"k; ços'k
Lora=rk ds 70 o"kksaZ ds mijkar tgka jk"Vª viuh laiw.kZ miyfC/k;ksa dk ewY;kadu
djus dk ç;kl dj jgk gS ,oa 21oha lnh esa l{ke] l'kä vkSj vkRefuHkZj 'kfäiqat ds
'kfäiqat esa iVy ij vius dks LFkkfir djus dk ekul cuk jgk gS ogha jk"Vªh; fparu dh
eq[;/kkjk esa vkfne leqnk; Hkh og çeq[k iM+ko gS ftlds fcuk fodkl ;k=k iw.kZ ugha
dh tk ldrhA tutkrh; fodkl vkt Hkh bfrgkldkjksa lekt oSKkfudksa jktuhfrKksa lekt
lq/kkjdksa fu;kstudrkZvksa lkekU; tuekul vkSj ;gka rd fd Lo;a tutkfr;ksa ds fy, Hkh
pqukSrh Hkjk ç'u gSA vk/kqfud lkaL—frd laidZ rFkk vkRelkRdj.k dh çfØ;k us
lgfj;k tutkfr dh fLFkfr dks çHkkfor fd;k gSA bl ckr dk oSKkfud v/;;u lgfj;k tutkfr ds
lanHkZ esa foospu vkSj xgu fo'ys"k.k dh egrh vko';drk dks crkrk gSA
tutkfr
xks= dk ,d foLr`r Lo:i tutkfr gSA ;g [kkukcnks'kh tRFks] >q.M] xks=] Hkzkr`ny ,oa
eksbVh ls vf/kd foLr`r ,oa laxfBr gksrh gSA tutkfr;ksa dks vkfne lekt] vkfnoklh]
oU;tkfr] fxjhtu ,oa vuqlwfpr tutkfr vkfn ukeksa ls iqdkjk tkrk gSA tutkfr dks
ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq;s fxfyu ,oa fxfyu fy[krs gSa] “LFkkuh; vkfne lewgksa ds fdlh Hkh
laxzg dks tksfd ,d lkekU; {ks= esa jgrk gks] ,d lkekU; Hkk"kk cksyrk gks vkSj ,d
lkekU; laL—fr dk vuqlj.k djrk gks ,d tutkfr dgrs gSaA”
M‚. fjolZ ds erkuqlkj tutkfr ,d ,slk ljy çdkj dk lkekftd lewg gS ftlds lnL; leku Hkk"kk
dk ç;ksx djrs gSa rFkk ;q) vkfn lkekU; mís';ksa ds fy;s lfEefyr :i ls dk;Z djrs gSaA
M‚. etwenkj fy[krs gSa] ^^ ,d tutkfr ifjokjksa ds lewg dk ladyu gksrk gS ftldk ,d
lkekU; uke gksrk gS] ftlds lnL; ,d fuf'pr HkwHkkx esa jgrs gSa] leku Hkk"kk cksyrs
gSa vkSj fookg] O;olk; ;k m|ksx ds fo"k; esa fuf'pr fu"ks/kkRed fu;eks dk ikyu djrs
gSa vkSj ikjLifjd drZO;ksa dh ,d lqfodflr O;oLFkk dks ekurs gSaA^^
 BDdj ckik vkSj Hkkjrh; lafo/kku fuekZ=h lHkk ds lnL; t;iky flag us mUgsa
^^vkfnoklh^^ ds uke ls lEcksf/kr fd;kA
 csfj;j ,fYou us bUgsa ^^vkfne tkfr^^ ds uke ls lEcksf/kr fd;kA
 M‚. th. ,l. ?kwfj;s us ^^fiNM+s fgUnw^^ dgdj lEcksf/kr fd;kA

1
mi;qZä ifjHkk"kkvksa ls Li"V gS fd tutkfr ,d ,slk {ks=h; ekuo lewg gS ftldh ,d
lkekU; laL—fr] Hkk"kk] jktuhfrd laxBu ,oa O;olk; gksrk gS rFkk tks lkekU;r%
vUrfoZokg ds fu;eks dk ikyu djrh gSA

ijEijk
ekuo dks thoudky esa nks çdkj dh fojklr feyrh gS ,d çkf.k'kkL=h; tks mls 'kkjhfjd
jpuk o y{k.k çnku djrh gS vkSj ;g ekrk& firk ds okgdk.kqvksa ds }kjk feyrh gS ftls
ge oa'kkuqØe dgrs gSaA nwljh lekt }kjk çnÙk lkekftd fojklr gS /keZ] fo"k;] n'kZu]
çFkk;sa] fu;e] jhfr& fjokt vkfn vHkkSfrd lkekftd fojklr gSA lkekftd fojklr dk
vHkkSfrd i{k gh ijEijk dgykrk gSA
Tradition 'kCn dh mRifÙk Tradera 'kCn ls gqbZ gS ftldk vFkZ gS gLrkUrfjr djukA
Tradition dk laL—r 'kCn ijEijk gS ftldk vFkZ ,sfrg vFkkZr fojklr esa feyukA bl çdkj
ijEijk dk lEcU/k mu ckrksa ls gS tks vR;Ur çkphu dky ls pyh vk jgh gSa vkSj tks
ih<h&nj& ih<h gLrkUrfjr gksrh jgh gksaA bl lUnHkZ esa ,d ckr mYys[kuh; gS fd
ijEijk yEcs le; ls lajf{kr rks gksrh gS] fdUrq ;g iw.kZr% vifjorZu'khy ;k furkUr
:f<oknh ugha gksrh oju~ lkewfgd vuqHkoksa ds vuq:i blesa vkaf'kd :i esa ifjorZu
gksrk jgrk gSA
Mh. ,u. etwenkj ds vuqlkj ijEijk;sa vrhr dks orZeku ls tksM+rh gS orZeku dh dksbZ
Hkh O;k[;k v/kwjh gS tc rd og ijEijkvksa dks viuk dsUæ ugha ekurhA ijEijk dks
orZeku ds lkFk lek;kstu djuk iM+rk gS ijEijk esa ifjorZu fufgr gS ijEijk ;fn tM+ gks
tkrh gS rks bldk vfLrRo lekIr gks tkrk gS ijEijk oLrqr% u`tkrh;rk ;kuh ,FkfuflVh gS
ijEijk,¡ gekjs lkaL—frd bfrgkl dh dfM+;ka gSa] vo;o gSaA
vk/kqfudhdj.k
ijEijkRed lektksa esa gksus okys ifjorZuksa ;k vkS|ksxhdj.k ds dkj.k i'peh lektksa esa
vk;s ifjorZuksa dks le>us ds fy;s rFkk nksuksa esa fHkUurk çdV djus ds fy;s
fo}kuksa us vk/kqfudhdj.k dh vo/kkj.kk dks tUe fn;kA ,d rjQ mUgksaus ijEijkxr lekt
dks j[kk vkSj nwljh rjQ vk/kqfud lekt dksA bl çdkj mUgksaus ijEijk cuke vk/kqfudrk
dks tUe fn;kA blds lkFk gh tc ik'pkR; fo}ku mifuos'kksa ,oa fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa
gksus okys ifjorZuksa dh ppkZ djrs gSa rks os vk/kqfudhdj.k dh vo/kkj.kk dk lgkjk

2
ysrs gSaA dqN yksxksa us vk/kqfudhdj.k dks ,d çfØ;k ds #i esa ekuk gS rks dqN
us ,d çfrQy ds #i esaA
eSfj;u ts. ysoh us vk/kqfudhdj.k dks çks|ksfxdh o`f) ds #i ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA
Jhfuokl ds vuqlkj&vk/kqfudhdj.k dh çfØ;k fdlh ,d gh fn'kk ;k {ks= esa gksus okys
ifjorZu dks çdV ugha djrh oju~ ;g cgq&fn'kk okyh çfØ;k gS lkFk gh ;g fdlh Hkh çdkj
ds ewY;ksa ls ca/kh gqbZ ugha gS ijUrq dHkh&dHkh bldk vFkZ vPNkbZ ;k bfPNr
ifjorZu ls fy;k tkrk gSA
M‚. ;ksxsUæ flag us crk;k gS fd lk/kkj.kr% vk/kqfud gksus dk vFkZ QS'kuscy ls fy;k
tkrk gS os vk/kqfudhdj.k dks ,d lkaL—frd çR;; ekurs gSa ftlesa rkfdZd vfHko`fÙk]
lkoZHkkSe –f"Vdks.k] ijkuqHkwfr] oSKkfud fo'o –f"V] ekuork] çk|kSfxdh vkfn
lfEefyr gSA M‚å flag vk/kqfudhdj.k ij fdlh ,d gh u`tkrh; lewg ;k lkaL—frd lewg dk
LokfeRo ughaa ekurs oju~ lEiw.kZ ekuo lekt dk vf/kdkj ekurs gSaA yuZj us
vk/kqfudrk dk vFkZ 'kgjhdj.k]lapkj O;oLFkk] miHkksx rFkk lapkj ls mRiUu gksus
okyh dykRed oLrqvksa tSls fd fQYe] v[kckj] f'k{kk ls fy;k gS budh –f"V esa ;s lc
dkjd gh vk/kqfudrk ds lwpdkad gSaA
iwoZorhZ v/;;uksa dh leh{kk
 fo"V ¼1992½ us vius v/;;u esa HkksfV;k tutkfr dh ijEijk vkSj vk/kqfudrk ds
lkrR; dk v/;;u fd;k gSA budk ekuuk gS fd ijEijk dh /kkj.kk tgk¡ ,d vksj bl
leqnk; ds ml oxZ ls tqM+h gS tks fuokl ,oa O;olk; dh –f"V ls viuh ijEijkvksa
ds dkQh lehi gSA ogha nwljh vksj vk/kqfudrk dk fopkj bl leqnk; ds ml oxZ ls
lacaf/kr gS tks vius ijEijkxr fuokl LFkku ,oa O;olk; ls rqyukRed :i ls vf/kd nwj
vkSj vk/kqfud f'k{kk ls vR;f/kd çHkkfor gS rFkk LFkku ewyd O;olkf;d o
inewyd xfr'khyrk esa fo'okl j[krk gSA ysfdu bldk rkRi;Z ;g ughaa gS fd ;s
nksuksa gh oxZ ijEijk vkSj vk/kqfudrk dh –f"V ls fujis{k gSaA okLrfodrk ;g
gS fd ijEijkxr O;olk; o ijEijkxr vkoklh; {ks=ksa esa lhfer yksxksa dk cká thou
tgk¡ ijEijkoknh gS ogha mudk O;fäxr thou vk/kqfudh—r Hkh gSA bl oxZ esa
fu%lUnsg çHkko vkpj.k ,oa egRo okLro esa vf/kd gSA blh çdkj ijEijkxr
O;olk;ksa ,oa fuokl LFkkuksa ls nwj jgus okys o vk/kqfud f'k{kk ls çHkkfor
oxZ ds yksxksa dk cká thou tgk¡ vk/kqfudh—r gS ogha mudk O;fäxr thou

3
 ijEijkoknh Hkh gSA vUrj bruk ek= gS fd bl oxZ ds yksx ijEijkoknh ewY;ksa
dh vis{kk vk/kqfudrkoknh ewY;ksa dks vf/kd Lohdkj djrs gSaA
 cgqxq.kk ¼1996½ us Li"V fd;k gS fd fodkl dh lHkh vo/kkj.kk,a çxfr ds fy;s
viuk;h tkus okyh dlkSVh ij [kjh mrjuh pkfg, ojuk mUgsa cny nsuk pkfg,A vxj
gekjs cqf)thoh vkSj uhfr fu;ark ;g ekurs gSa fd dfFkr vkfFkZd fodkl gh eq[;
mís'; gS vkSj mlds fy, fdlh Hkh lewg ds lHkh çdkj ds vf/kdkjksa dks nck;k tk
ldrk gS rks fQj ekuokf/kdkj ds uke ij pyus okyh nqfu;k Hkj dh lSdM+ksa
nqdkusa cUn gksuh pkfg,A lgt foosd dk rks rdktk gS fd fodkl ds dsUæ esa
Lo;a euq"; gksuk pkfg, [kkldj og euq"; ftl ij bl rjg dh fodkl ;kstukvksa dk lh/kk
vlj iM+rk gSA
 gsjsfM;k¼2000½ us tutkrh; bfrgkl ij v/;;u çLrqr fd;k gSA budk ekuuk gS fd
vxj Hkkjrh; tutkfr viuh okLrfod igpku cukuk pkgrs gSa rks muds fy, ;g vko';d
gS fd os viuk ekSf[kd bfrgkl cuk;sa tks ijEijkxr Jksr ij vo/kkfjr gks] ftls cká
lekt }kjk nck fn;k x;k gSAvkt tcfd tutkrh; leqnk; foyqIr çk; dh fLFkfr esa gS
rks ;g vko';d gks tkrk gS fd muds cpko ds mik; fd;s tk;s rFkk buds bfrgkl dks
iqu% lajf{kr fd;k tk;A
v/;;u dk mís'; ,oa egRo
orZeku v/;;u bl ckr dks js[kkfdar djrk gS fd tutkrh; ijEijk esa vk/kqfudrk dk çHkko
gqvk gS] ijUrq ;g tkuuk vHkh 'ks"k gS fd çHkko dk Lrj fdruk gSA orZeku v/;;u
esa ;g tkuuk gS fd tutkrh; ijEijkvksa esa vk/kqfudrk ds çHkko ls muds ,oa mudh laL
—fr ij fdl rjg dk çHkko iM+ jgk gSA ftldks Kkr dj mUgsa fofo/k nq"çHkkoksa ls
cpk;k tk ldsA v/;;u ds mís'; fuEuor gSa&
 lgfj;k tutkfr esa vk/kqfudrk ds çHkko dks Kkr djukA
 lgfj;k tutkfr esa ijEijk vkSj vk/kqfudrk ds lkeatL; dks ns[kukA
v/;;u dk {ks=
tutkrh; ijaijk,a Hkkjrh; laL—fr dh vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk esa gSa tks vkt foyqIr gksus dh
fLFkfr esa gSA Lora=rk ls vHkh rd reke ç;kl gq, gSa ijarq ;g lHkh ç;kl dqN
tutkfr;ksa ,oa {ks=ksa rd lhfer gks xbZ gSaA ,sls esa tgka fodkl ds ç;kl ugha igqap
ikrs gSa mUgsa tkuuk vR;ar vko';d gks tkrk gSA lkFk gh tutkrh; laL—fr dks tkuus
dk nwljk igyw ;g Hkh gS fd ;g laL—fr orZeku vk/kqfudrk ds pje ls fdl çdkj lkeatL;

4
cuk ik jgh gSA dgha vk/kqfudrk us mudh laL—fr ij nq"çHkko Mky dj nq"çHkko
Mkydj mUgsa esa vfLrRo dk ladV rks ugha iSnk dj jgk gSA ;g lHkh ç'u orZeku
'kks/k dk egRo gSA
orZeku v/;;u] mÙkj çns'k ds yfyriqj tuin ds nks fodkl [kaMks t[kkSjk vkSj fcj/kk ds
pkj pkj xkao egjkZ] dkykigkM+]?kVokdj] cknjkSu rFkk
lSiqjk]egksyh]cjf[kfj;k]cUnjxq<+k ij vk/kkfjr gSA nksuksa fodkl [kaMksa esa cjkcj
cjkcj 150+ 150 ¾ 300 lgfj;k ifjokjksa dk p;u nSo fun'kZu fof/k ls fd;k x;k gS
v/;;u ls çkIr rF;
 v/;;u ls bl ckr dh tkudkjh gqbZ fd fookg ds le; oj }kjk iguk tkus okyk ijaijkxr
oL= ^^ckxks^^ tksfd flj ls iSj rd yky ;k ihys jax dk tksxk gksrk gS mlds ckjs
esa vf/kdrj mÙkj nkrkvksa dks dksbZ tkudkjh ugha Fkh dsoy 45 o"kZ ls vf/kd
vk;q ds mÙkj nkrkvksa dks bldh tkudkjh Fkh ftudk fookg ckxks igudj gqvk
FkkA
 fookg ds le; iguh tkus okyh ixM+h ;k eqdqV ftls igys [ktwj ds iÙkks ls cuk;k
tkrk Fkk vc çpyu esa ughaa gS blds LFkku ij cktkj ls yk;h ixM+h¼ekSj½ dk
gh çpyu gSA
 lgfj;k vukt j[kus ds fy, feêh ls fufeZr ik= ftls ^^dqfV;k^^ dgk tkrk gS dk ç;ksx
djrs Fks mlds LFkku ij yksgs vkSj LVhy dh Vafd;ka ç;ksx dh tkrh gSaA
^^dqfV;k^^ dks dgha&dgha ?kjksa esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
 ijaijkxr :i ls ?kjksa esa njoktksa vkSj f[kM+fd;ksa ds nksuksa vksj ^^?
kqM+Sy^^ yxs gksrs Fks ] ?kqM+Sy ls vk'k; gS& ?kksM+s ds eq[k dh vk—fr
okyh ydM+h dh [kwaVhAlgfj;kvksa dk fo'okl gS fd ?kqM+Sy ds njokts ds
vxy cxy njokts ds vxy&cxy yxs gksus ls cqjh 'kfä;ka ?kj esa ços'k ços'k djrh
gSa ijarq vc tks lhesaV vkSj bZV ls fufeZr ?kj gSa muesa ?kqM+Sy vuqifLFkr
gS] dPps ?kjksa es gh ?kqM+Sy fn[krh gSA
 lgfj;k efgykvksa esa vc ijaijkxr xksnuk xqnokus dh çFkk de gks jgh gSA v/;;u
ds nkSjku cjf[kfj;k xkao dh ,d o`) efgyk us crk;k fd ;g ekU;rk gS fd efgyk,a
tks Hkh i'kq& i{kh] tho&tarq] isM+ &ikS/kksa dk vius 'kjhj ij xksnuk xqnokrh
gSa e`R;q ds ckn og mlh ;ksfu esa tUe ysrh gSaA

5
  lgfj;k vius ijEijkxr tM+h& cwfV;ksa dks ,d= djus djus dk;Z djrs gSa ysfdu
tM+h& cwfV;ksa dk vk/kk nke gh bUgsa fey ikrk gS nqdkunkj Lo;a buls vkdj
ys tkrs gSa ;k ;g yfyriqj cktkj esa csp vkrs gSa] nqdkunkj buls vkS"kf/k;ksa
dks ysdj egaxs nke ij csprs gSa lgfj;k vf'kf{kr gksus ds dkj.k bu vkS"kf/k;ksa
ds egRo vkSj ewY; dks ugha tkurs gSaA
 QqlZr ds iyksa dks lq[k iwoZd O;rhr djus ds fy, u`R; laxhr dk vkJ; çkIr fd;k
tkrk gS lgfj;k lekt ds jfl;k] Qkx] ygaxh vkfn lqLFkkfir xhrksa ds lkFk& lkFk
vk/kqfud xhr] Hktu vkfn us Hkh LFkku cuk fy;k gSA euksjatu ds lk/kuksa tSls
jsfM;ks] Vsyhfotu] baVjusV vkfn dk ç;ksx cgqrk;r ls gksus ds dkj.k çkphu
u`R; xk;u 'kSyh dk lekxe uohu ds lkFk gks x;k gSA Lokax u`R; rFkk nknjk
u`R; dk vk;kstu fookg ds voljksa ij u;h 'kSyh ds lkFk vHkh Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA
fu"d"kZ ,oa lq>ko
çR;sd lekt LFkkuh; ifjos'k] lkekf;d ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oa fodkloknh fopkjksa ls çHkkfor
gksrk gS çR;sd ih<+h iwoZ esa LFkkfir ekU;rkvksa dh leh{kk dj mudk vkSfpR;
le>us dk ç;kl djrh gS çR;sd le; ifjorZu dk iSjksdkj gksrk gS vkSj blds vçdV
çHkkoksa ls dksbZ Hkh lekt vçHkkfor ugha jgk jg ldrk gS ifjorZu dh ygj tur
leqnk;ksa dks vius vkxks'k esa lek ysus dks vkrqj jgrh gS dHkh&dHkh ;g ifjorZu
okafNr gksrs gSa tks lekt dk ekxZn'kZu dj mls mUufr ds ekxZ iFk ij vxzlj djrs gSaA
lgfj;k tutkfr esa ijaijkvksa dh v{kq.; /kjksgjksa dks ân; es latks, gq,] le; ds lkFk&
lkFk dnerky dj f'k{kk dk lacy çkIr djrs gq,] viuh oSpkfjdrk ,oa ekU;rkvksa dks
leqUur dj lekt ds vU; oxksaZ ds lkFk rknkRE; LFkkfir djus dh vn~Hkqr pkgr dk
lk{kkr çdVhdj.k gqvk gS ;|fi lekt dh viuh foo'krk;sa gksrh gSa] tks çxfr dh j¶rkj esa
vojks/k mRiUu djrh gS rFkkfi lq–<+ vkRecy dh iwath ds vk/kkj ij vk'kkrhr lQyrk
çkIr djrs gq, vusd tu lewgksa dks ns[kk x;k gS vkSj blh dlkSVh ij lgfj;k tutkfr dks
orZeku ifjçs{; esa lkis{k çxfr'khy dh Js.kh esa LFkku çnku fd;k tkuk vuqfpr ugha
gksxkA çLrqr v/;;u esa Øe'k% bl tutkfr ds lkekftd ,oa lkaL—frd thou esa fujarjrk ,oa
ifjorZuksa dk rF;ijd v/;;u 'kks/kdrkZ }kjk O;fäxr :i ls {ks= Hkze.k ds mijkar çkIr
tkudkjh ds vk/kkj ij çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
v/;;u dh foospuk mijkar ;g ifjyf{kr gksrk gS fd lgfj;k iwoZ le; dh rqyuk esa yxHkx
leLr {ks=ksa esa ifjorZu ds nkSj ls xqtjrs gq, vius vrhr dks Hkh lajf{kr fd, gq, gSaA

6
ekU;rkvksa esa la'kks/ku ,d vksj tgka le; ds lkFk&lkFk lkeatL; cukus dk vk/kkj çnku
djrs gSa ogh iqjkru laL—fr ds ;FkklaHko vk/kqfudhdj.k }kjk ml le`) fojklr dk
lk{kkRdkj lk{kkRdkj gS tks dHkh çsj.kk çsj.kk lzksr jgh FkhA çkphurk ds lkFk
uwrurk dk lekos'k okLro esa ,d ,slk ;FkkFkZ gS ftls Lohdkj djuk gekjh foo'krk gks
tkrh gSA Hkfo"; ds lq–<+ lekt dh LFkkiuk dks y{;kafdr djrs gq, mu lehdj.kksa
LFkkiuk djus dh egrh vko';drk gksrh gS ftlds ekxZn'kZu ls orZeku dh etcwr tM+sa
Hkfo"; esa Hkh iq"V jg ldsa vkSj ml mís'; dh çkfIr ds fy, fo}or lekt dks Hkwrdkyhu
LoLFk ijaijkvksa vkSj ekU;rkvksa dks v{kq.; j[krs gq, vko';drkuqlkj ,sls ifjorZuksa
dks Lohdkj djuk pkfg, tks ldkjkRed gksdj thou vkn'kksaZ dh çkfIr esa lg;ksx çnku dj
ldus dh {kerk j[krs gksA
lgfj;k tutkfr dh ijaijkvksa ds laj{k.k vkSj lao/kZu ds fy, fuEu lq>ko çLrqr gS&
• lgfj;k tutkfr ds xkSjoe;h vrhr dks lajf{kr j[kus ds mís'; ls muds lekt esa rRle; çpfyr
ekU;rkvksa] ijaijkvksa ,oa fdaonafr;ksa dk laxzg fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftlls fd ubZ ih<+h
vius vrhr dks foLe`r u dj ldsA
• rdZiw.kZ LoLFk ijaijk ges'kk lekt dh bdkb;ksa ds fgr esa dk;Z djrh gSa rFkk
mUgsa Hkqykus ls lekt dk dksbZ fgr ugha gksxk] ,slh f'k{kk çnku djus ds fy, ç;kljr
jguk pkfg,A f'k{kk ,oa laL—fr foHkkx }kjk ;g dk;Z leqfpr :i ls djk;k tkuk pkfg,A
• lgfj;k tutkfr ds O;fä tks tM+h&cwfV;ksa dh igpku j[krs gSa mUgsa buds mRiknu
ls tksM+dj taxy foHkkx }kjk budh lgk;rk ls ^^Forest Medicines Nursery^^ LFkkfir dh
tkuh pkfg,A
• lexz LoPNrk vfHk;ku ds varxZr lgfj;k tutkfr ds lnL;ksa dks lkQ lQkbZ ls jgus
rFkk 'kkSpky;ksa dk fuekZ.k djok dj muds ç;ksx gsrq iapk;r foHkkx ds ek/;e ls
çksRlkfgr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
• lkeqnkf;d jsfM;ks ¼Community Radio½ ds ek/;e ls muds xhrksa çlkj.k ds vykok
LFkkuh; Lrj ij u`R;&laxhr ds mRlo vk;ksftr djk;k tkuk pkfg,A
• 'kgjksa dh rjQ iyk;u jksdus ds fy, tutkfr ds lnL;ksa dks LFkkuh; Lrj ij gh dqVhj
/ka/kksa ds lkFk&lkFk muds ikjaifjd dkS'ky ds mUu;u gsrq ;kstuk,a iapk;r ,oa
xzkeh.k jkstxkj foHkkx }kjk rS;kj dh dh tkuh pkfg,A
lanHkZ xzaFk lwph
* fo"V] ch. ,l. ¼1992½ mÙkjk[kaM dh HkksfV;k tutkfr, foosd çdk'ku, ubZ fnYyhA

7
* cgqxq.kk] lqanjyky ¼1996½ /kjrh ds iqdkj jk/kk—".k çdk'ku] nfj;kxat] ubZ
fnYyhA
* Heredis, C. Rudolf (2000) Tribal History : Living word or Dead letter, Economic and
political Weekly.
* Sharma S.B.,"A plan for the development of saharia primitive tribe", Tribal
research centre Bhopal.
* Sharma, Hariom and Sikaratar, R.L.S.(2001),"The socio-economic status of saharia
tribe of Madhya Pradesh ", Swarup and sons publication, New Delhi.
*  Singh Yogendra,(1978),"Essays on modernization in India ", Manohar book
service, New Delhi