Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

*1069608282*

CHEMISTRY 9701/34

Paper 3 Advanced Practical Skills 2 May/June 2016

2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: As listed in the Confidential Instructions

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Give details of the practical session and laboratory where appropriate, in the boxes provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Use of a Data Booklet is unnecessary.
Session
Qualitative Analysis Notes are printed on pages 10 and 11.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 12.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. Laboratory
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or
part question.

For Examiner’s Use

Total

This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IB16 06_9701_34/4RP
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1 Borax is an alkali which has many uses. In this experiment you will determine x in the chemical
formula of borax, Na2BxO7.10H2O, by titration with hydrochloric acid.

FB 1 is a solution containing 15.5 g dm–3 of borax, Na2BxO7.10H2O.

FB 2 is 2.00 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid, HCl.
methyl orange indicator

(a) Method

Dilution of FB 2

• Pipette 10.0 cm3 of FB 2 into the 250 cm3 volumetric flask.

• Make the solution up to 250 cm3 using distilled water.
• Shake the solution in the volumetric flask thoroughly.
• This diluted solution of hydrochloric acid is FB 3. Label the volumetric flask FB 3.

Titration

• Fill the burette with FB 3.

• Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FB 1 into a conical flask.
• Add several drops of methyl orange.
• Perform a rough titration and record your burette readings in the space below.

The rough titre is ..................... cm3.

• Carry out as many accurate titrations as you think necessary to obtain consistent results.
• Make sure any recorded results show the precision of your practical work.
• Record in a suitable form below all of your burette readings and the volume of FB 3 added
I
in each accurate titration.
II

III

IV

VI

VII
[7]

(b) From your accurate titration results, obtain a suitable value for the volume of FB 3 to be used
in your calculations.
Show clearly how you obtained this value.

25.0 cm3 of FB 1 required ..................... cm3 of FB 3. [1]

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(c) Calculations

Show your working and appropriate significant figures in the final answer to each step of your
calculations.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid present in the volume of FB 3 calculated
in (b).

moles of HCl = ............................. mol

(ii) 1 mole of borax is neutralised by 2 moles of hydrochloric acid.

Calculate the number of moles of borax that react with the hydrochloric acid in (i).

moles of borax = ............................. mol

(iii) Use your answer to (ii) to calculate the number of moles of borax in 1.00 dm3 of FB 1.

moles of borax in 1.00 dm3 FB 1 = ............................. mol

(iv) Use your answer to (iii) and the information on page 2 to calculate the relative formula
mass, Mr, of borax.

Mr of borax = .............................

(v) Calculate x in the formula of borax, Na2BxO7.10H2O.

Use data from the Periodic Table on page 12.

x = .....................
[5]

[Total: 13]

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2 Some metal carbonates cannot be obtained in a pure state. For example magnesium carbonate
exists in a ‘basic’ form, in which magnesium hydroxide is also present.

One possible chemical formula of basic magnesium carbonate is MgCO3.Mg(OH)2.2H2O.

When basic magnesium carbonate is heated, if the possible formula were correct, it would
decompose as shown below.

MgCO3.Mg(OH)2.2H2O(s) → 2MgO(s) + CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)

In this experiment, you will decompose basic magnesium carbonate by heating it, and you will use
your results to determine whether this possible formula is correct.

FB 4 is basic magnesium carbonate.

(a) Method

Read through the method before starting any practical work and prepare a table for your
results in the space below.

• Weigh a crucible with its lid and record the mass.

• Add 1.1-1.3 g of FB 4 to the crucible. Weigh the crucible and lid with FB 4 and record the
mass.
• Place the crucible on the pipe-clay triangle and remove the lid.
• Heat the crucible and contents gently for about one minute.
• Then heat the crucible and contents strongly for about four minutes.
• Replace the lid and allow the crucible to cool for at least five minutes.
• While the crucible is cooling, you may wish to begin work on Question 3.
• Re-weigh the crucible and contents with lid. Record the mass.
• Calculate, and record, the mass of FB 4 used and the mass of residue obtained.

II

III

IV

[5]

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(b) Calculations

Show your working and appropriate significant figures in the final answer to each step of your
calculations.

(i) Use your results to calculate the number of moles of magnesium oxide, MgO, obtained as
residue.

moles of MgO obtained = ............................. mol

(ii) Use your answer to (i), with the equation on page 4 and the mass of FB 4 you used, to
calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of basic magnesium carbonate.

Mr of basic magnesium carbonate (from experiment) = .............................

(iii) Use data from the Periodic Table to calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of basic
magnesium carbonate from its possible formula, MgCO3.Mg(OH)2.2H2O.

Mr of basic magnesium carbonate (from formula) = .............................

(iv) If the relative formula mass of basic magnesium carbonate obtained from your experiment
is within 2.5% of the answer in (iii), this is good evidence that the possible formula,
MgCO3.Mg(OH)2.2H2O, is correct.
Does your experiment support the possible formula? Give a reason for your answer.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................
[5]

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(c) Evaluation

(i) State one way in which the accuracy of the experimental procedure could have been
improved using the same mass of FB 4.
Explain your answer.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

(ii) A student carried out the experiment twice using different masses of FB 4. He used the
mean mass of FB 4 and the mean mass of magnesium oxide obtained to calculate the
relative formula mass of basic magnesium carbonate.

Instead of doing this, he could have calculated the relative formula mass of basic
magnesium carbonate from his two experiments separately.

Suggest one advantage of carrying out separate calculations for each experiment.

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

(iii) State the error when making one reading on your balance.

error = ..................... g

Calculate the maximum percentage error in the mass of FB 4 used.

percentage error = ..................... %

[4]

[Total: 14]

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BLANK PAGE

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3 Qualitative Analysis

At each stage of any test you are to record details of the following.

● colour changes seen

● the formation of any precipitate
● the solubility of such precipitates in an excess of the reagent added

Where gases are released they should be identified by a test, described in the appropriate place
in your observations.

You should indicate clearly at what stage in a test a change occurs.

No additional tests for ions present should be attempted.

If any solution is warmed, a boiling tube MUST be used.

Rinse and reuse test-tubes and boiling tubes where possible.

Where reagents are selected for use in a test, the name or correct formula of
the element or compound must be given.

(a) FB 5, FB 6 and FB 7 are solutions, each of which contain one cation and one anion. The
anions present are all listed on page 11.
Use a 1 cm depth of these solutions in a test-tube for each of the following tests.
Complete the table below.

observations
test
FB 5 FB 6 FB 7

Add a 2 cm strip of

magnesium ribbon.

Add aqueous sodium

hydroxide.

Add an equal depth of

aqueous potassium iodide.

Add a few drops of FB 5.

[5]

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(b) (i) From the observation made when potassium iodide was added to FB 6, suggest the
identity of the cation in FB 6. Explain your conclusion.

cation in FB 6 ......................................................................................................................

explanation ..........................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

(ii) FB 5 gives no precipitate when aqueous ammonia is added.

Suggest the identities of both ions in FB 5.

cation in FB 5 .......................................

anion in FB 5 ........................................

(iii) Identify FB 7.

. ............................................................................................................................................

(iv) Give the ionic equation for the reaction between magnesium and FB 7.

. ............................................................................................................................................
[4]

(c) FB 8 is a solid. Carry out the following tests on FB 8.

Record your observations in each test.

(i) Heat a small spatula measure of FB 8 gently in a hard-glass test-tube.

observations ........................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

(ii) To a 1 cm depth of hydrochloric acid in a test-tube, add a small spatula measure of FB 8.

observations ........................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

. ............................................................................................................................................

(iii) What conclusions, if any, can you make about the identities of the ions in FB 8?

cation in FB 8 .......................................

anion in FB 8 ........................................
[4]

[Total: 13]

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Qualitative Analysis Notes

Key: [ppt. = precipitate]

1 Reactions of aqueous cations

reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

aluminium, white ppt. white ppt.

Al 3+(aq) soluble in excess insoluble in excess

ammonium, no ppt.
–
NH4+(aq) ammonia produced on heating

barium, faint white ppt. is nearly always

no ppt.
Ba2+(aq) observed unless reagents are pure

calcium,
white ppt. with high [Ca2+(aq)] no ppt.
Ca2+(aq)

chromium(III), grey-green ppt. soluble in excess grey-green ppt.

Cr3+(aq) giving dark green solution insoluble in excess

copper(II), pale blue ppt. blue ppt. soluble in excess

Cu2+(aq) insoluble in excess giving dark blue solution

green ppt. turning brown on contact green ppt. turning brown on contact
iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)
insoluble in excess insoluble in excess

iron(III), red-brown ppt. red-brown ppt.

Fe3+(aq) insoluble in excess insoluble in excess

magnesium, white ppt. white ppt.

Mg2+(aq) insoluble in excess insoluble in excess

off-white ppt. rapidly turning brown off-white ppt. rapidly turning brown
manganese(II),
on contact with air on contact with air
Mn2+(aq)
insoluble in excess insoluble in excess

zinc, white ppt. white ppt.

Zn2+(aq) soluble in excess soluble in excess

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2 Reactions of anions

ion reaction

carbonate, CO2 liberated by dilute acids

CO3 2–

chloride, gives white ppt. with Ag+(aq) (soluble in NH3(aq))

Cl –(aq)

bromide, gives cream ppt. with Ag+(aq) (partially soluble in NH3(aq))

–
Br (aq)

iodide, gives yellow ppt. with Ag+(aq) (insoluble in NH3(aq))

–
I (aq)

nitrate, NH3 liberated on heating with OH–(aq) and Al foil

NO3–(aq)

NH3 liberated on heating with OH–(aq) and Al foil;

nitrite,
NO liberated by dilute acids
NO2–(aq)
(colourless NO → (pale) brown NO2 in air)

sulfate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (insoluble in excess dilute strong acids)
SO4 (aq) 2–

sulfite, gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acids)
SO32–(aq)

3 Tests for gases

gas test and test result

ammonia, NH3 turns damp red litmus paper blue
carbon dioxide, CO2 gives a white ppt. with limewater (ppt. dissolves with excess CO2)
chlorine, Cl 2 bleaches damp litmus paper
hydrogen, H2 “pops” with a lighted splint
oxygen, O2 relights a glowing splint

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© UCLES 2016
The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

the live examination series.

1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1.0 4.0
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
6.9 9.0 relative atomic mass 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23.0 24.3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39.1 40.1 45.0 47.9 50.9 52.0 54.9 55.8 58.9 58.7 63.5 65.4 69.7 72.6 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
12

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85.5 87.6 88.9 91.2 92.9 95.9 – 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3

9701/34/M/J/16
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
138.9 140.1 140.9 144.4 – 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.1 175.0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232.0 231.0 238.0 – – – – – – – – – – –

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To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International