SM-1 Unit 3& 4
SM-1 Unit 3& 4
SM-1 Unit 3& 4
Example 12.3. The following observations were made during a tensile test on a mild steel
specimen 40 mm in diameter and 200 mm long.
Elongation with 40 kN load (within limit of proportionality), Gl = 0.0304 mm
Yield load = 161 kN
Maximum load = 242 kN
Length of specimen at fracture = 249 mm
Determine :
(i) Young’s modulus of elasticy (ii) Yield point stress
(iii) Ultimate stress (iv) Percentage elongation.
Sol. (i) Young’s modulus of elasticity E :
P 40
Stress, V= = 3.18 × 104 kN/m2
A S
u (0.04) 2
4
Gl 0.0304
Strain, e= = 0.000152
l 200
stress 3.18 u 104
? E= = 2.09 × 108 kN/m2. (Ans.)
strain 0.000152
(ii) Yield point stress :
yield point load
Yield point stress =
area
161
= = 12.8 × 104 kN/m2. (Ans.)
S
u (0.04) 2
4
(iii) Ultimate stress :
maximum load
Ultimate stress =
area
242
= = 19.2 × 104 kN/m2. (Ans.)
S
u (0.04)2
4
(iv) Percentage elongation :
length of specimen at fracture original length
Percentage elongation =
original length
249 200
= = 0.245 = 24.5%. (Ans.)
200
Example 12.4. A steel wire 2 m long and 3 mm in diameter is extended by 0.75 mm when a
weight W is suspended from the wire. If the same weight is suspended from a brass wire, 2.5 m long
and 2 mm in diameter, it is elongated by 4.64 mm. Determine the modulus of elasticity of brass if that
of steel be 2.0 × 105 N/mm2.
Sol. Given : ls = 2 m, ds = 3 mm, Gls = 0.75 mm ; Es = 2.0 × 105 N/mm2 ;
lb = 2.5 m ; db = 2 mm ; Glb = 4.64 m.
SIMPLE STRESSES AND STRAINS 347
0.75 ×
FG S u 3 IJ u 2.0 u 10
2 5
u
1
4.64 u
FG S u 2 IJ u E
2
b u
1
H4 K 2000 H4 K 2500
or Eb = 0.909 × 105 N/mm2. (Ans.)
Example 12.5. A steel bar is 900 mm long ; its two ends are 40 mm and 30 mm in diameter
and the length of each rod is 200 mm. The middle portion of the bar is 15 mm in diameter and
500 mm long. If the bar is subjected to an axial tensile load of 15 kN, find its total extension.
Take E = 200 GN/m2 (G stands for giga and 1 G = 109)
Sol. Refer to Fig. 12.14.
15 mm
dia
Load, P = 15 kN
S
× 402
40 mm
30 mm
Area, A1 =
dia
dia
4 2
= 1256.6 mm2 = 0.001256 m2
1
S
Area, A2 = × 152
4 200 mm 500 mm 200 mm
= 176.7 mm2 = 0.0001767 m2
Fig. 12.14
S
Area, A3 = × 302
4
= 706.8 mm2 = 0.0007068 m2
Lengths : l1 = 200 mm = 0.2 m, l2 = 500 mm = 0.5 m and l3 = 200 mm = 0.2 m