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    MPEG-1: Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio For Digital Storage Media at Up To About 1,5 Mbit/s

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    Dawit Getcho
    MPEG-1 is a standard for coding moving pictures and audio for digital storage media up to 1.5 Mbit/s. It includes 5 parts that specify systems for combining video and audio streams, video compression down to 1.5 Mbit/s using motion compensation and DCT, audio compression using psychoacoustic modeling and quantization, compliance testing, and a software simulation of the first 3 parts.

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    MPEG-1: Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio For Digital Storage Media at Up To About 1,5 Mbit/s

    Uploaded by

    Dawit Getcho
    173 views4 pages
    MPEG-1 is a standard for coding moving pictures and audio for digital storage media up to 1.5 Mbit/s. It includes 5 parts that specify systems for combining video and audio streams, video compression down to 1.5 Mbit/s using motion compensation and DCT, audio compression using psychoacoustic modeling and quantization, compliance testing, and a software simulation of the first 3 parts.

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    multimedia course

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    MPEG1

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    MPEG-1 is a standard for coding moving pictures and audio for digital storage media up to 1.5 Mbit/s. It includes 5 parts that specify systems for combining video and audio streams, video compression down to 1.5 Mbit/s using motion compensation and DCT, audio compression using psychoacoustic modeling and quantization, compliance testing, and a software simulation of the first 3 parts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    173 views4 pages

    MPEG-1: Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio For Digital Storage Media at Up To About 1,5 Mbit/s

    Uploaded by

    Dawit Getcho
    MPEG-1 is a standard for coding moving pictures and audio for digital storage media up to 1.5 Mbit/s. It includes 5 parts that specify systems for combining video and audio streams, video compression down to 1.5 Mbit/s using motion compensation and DCT, audio compression using psychoacoustic modeling and quantization, compliance testing, and a software simulation of the first 3 parts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    MPEG-1

    Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to
    about 1,5 Mbit/s

    MPEG-1 is a standard in 5 parts:

     ISO/IEC 11172-1:1993 Information technology -- Coding of moving pictures


    and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s -- Part
    1: Systems
     ISO/IEC 11172-1:1993/Cor 1:1996 (available in English only)
     ISO/IEC 11172-1:1993/Cor 2:1999 (available in English only)
     ISO/IEC 11172-2:1993 Information technology -- Coding of moving pictures
    and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s -- Part
    2: Video
     ISO/IEC 11172-2:1993/Cor 1:1996 (available in English only)
     ISO/IEC 11172-2:1993/Cor 2:1999 (available in English only)
     ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993 Information technology -- Coding of moving pictures
    and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s -- Part
    3: Audio
     ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993/Cor 1:1996 (available in English only)
     ISO/IEC 11172-4:1995 Information technology -- Coding of moving pictures
    and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s -- Part
    4: Compliance testing (available in English only)
     ISO/IEC TR 11172-5:1998 Information technology -- Coding of moving
    pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s
    -- Part 5: Software simulation (available in English only)

    Part 1 addresses the problem of combining one or more data streams from the video
    and audio parts of the MPEG-1 standard with timing information to form a single
    stream as in Figure 1 below. This is an important fuction because, once combined into
    a single stream, the data are in a form well suited to digital storage or transmission.
    Figure 1 -- Prototypical ISO/IEC 11172 decoder.

    Part 2 specifies a coded representation that can be used for compressing video
    sequences - both 625-line and 525-lines - to bitrates around 1,5 Mbit/s. Part 2 was
    developed to operate principally from storage media offering a continuous transfer
    rate of about 1,5 Mbit/s. Nevertheless it can be used more widely than this because the
    approach taken is generic.

    A number of techniques are used to achieve a high compression ratio. The first is to
    select an appropriate spatial resolution for the signal. The algorithm then uses block-
    based motion compensation to reduce the temporal redundancy. Motion compensation
    is used for causal prediction of the current picture from a previous picture, for non-
    causal prediction of the current picture from a future picture, or for interpolative
    prediction from past and future pictures. The difference signal, the prediction error, is
    further compressed using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) to remove spatial
    correlation and is then quantised. Finally, the motion vectors are combined with the
    DCT information, and coded using variable length codes.

    Figure 2 below illustrates a possible combination of the three main types of pictures
    that are used in the standard.
    Figure 2 -- Example of temporal picture structure.

    Part 3 specifies a coded representation that can be used for compressing audio
    sequences - both mono and stereo. The algorithm is illustrated in Figure 3 below.
    Input audio samples are fed into the encoder. The mapping creates a filtered and
    subsampled representation of the input audio stream. A psychoacoustic model creates
    a set of data to control the quantiser and coding. The quantiser and coding block
    creates a set of coding symbols from the mapped input samples. The block 'frame
    packing' assembles the actual bitstream from the output data of the other blocks, and
    adds other information (e.g. error correction) if necessary.
    Figure 3 -- Basic structure of the audio encoder

    Part 4 specifies how tests can be designed to verify whether bitstreams and decoders
    meet the requirements as specified in parts 1, 2 and 3 of the MPEG-1 standard. These
    tests can be used by:

     manufacturers of encoders, and their customers, to verify whether the encoder


    produces valid bitstreams.
     manufacturers of decoders and their customers to verify whether the decoder
    meets the requirements specified in parts 1,2 and 3 of the standard for the
    claimed decoder capabilities.
     applications to verify whether the characteristics of a given bitstream meet the
    application requirements, for example whether the size of the coded picture
    does not exceed the maximum value allowed for the application.

    Part 5, technically not a standard, but a technical report, gives a full software
    implementation of the first three parts of the MPEG-1 standard. The source code is
    not publicly available.

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