Designation: D 5249 – 95 (Reapproved 2000)

Standard Specification for

Backer Material for Use with Cold- and Hot-Applied Joint
Sealants in Portland-Cement Concrete and Asphalt Joints1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5249; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope for Concrete Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient

1.1 This specification covers backer material for cold- and Types)4
hot-applied joint sealant for use in portland-cement concrete or D 1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular
asphalt-pavement joints. Plastics5
1.2 This specification establishes basic requirements for D 1623 Test Method for Tensile and Tensile Adhesion
sealant-backer material either in rod or strip form, that can Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics5
withstand the temperature of hot- or cold-applied sealants D 5535 Terminology Relating to Formed-in-Place Sealants
without excessive deformation. for Joints and Cracks in Pavement4
1.3 Sealant backer material serves one or more of the E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers6
following purposes: 3. Terminology
1.3.1 Limits the amount and depth of sealant applied to a
joint, 3.1 For definitions, refer to Terminology D 5535.
1.3.2 Acts as a barrier interface to prevent backside adhe- 4. Classification
sion (bondbreaker), and
1.3.3 Provides a form to assist the sealant in developing a 4.1 Sealant backer material is available in three types:
shape factor. 4.1.1 Type 1, shall be round rods of various diameters
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded intended for use with cold- and hot-applied sealants.
as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information 4.1.2 Type 2, shall be sheets or strips of various thicknesses,
purposes only. laminated or skived by the manufacturer but capable of being
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the field laminated and used with cold- and hot-applied sealants.
test methods described in this specification. This standard does 4.1.3 Type 3, shall be round rods of various diameters
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, limited for use with cold-applied sealants.
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this 4.2 Type 1 and Type 3 rod materials are intended for use
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices primarily where there is a reservoir, either already existing or
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior formed, such as a contraction joint, where the rod will limit the
to use. sealant depth and prevent the sealant from bonding to the
bottom of the joint reservoir (bond-breaker) thus eliminating
2. Referenced Documents bottom-side adhesion.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4.3 Type 2 strip material is intended primarily for use where
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements there is an opening the full depth of the pavement, such as an
for Test Methods of Construction Materials2 expansion joint for which it is desirable to have a filler material
C 1016 Test Method for Determination of Water Absorption completely fill the opening and prevent or minimize the
of Sealant Backing (Joint Filler) Material3 accumulation of water or incompressible materials below the
C 1253 Test Method for Determining the Outgassing Poten- sealant.
tial of Sealant Backing3 5. Ordering Information
D 545 Test Methods for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers
5.1 Types 1, 2, and 3 backer material are available in a range
of sizes, lengths, and diameters; they are available on reels, in
coils, or in straight lengths. Consult the manufacturer for
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road information on how to order.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.33 on
Formed-In-Place Sealants for Joints and Cracks in Pavements.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1995. Published January 1996. Originally
4
published as D 5249 – 92. Last previous edition D 5249 – 92. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
3 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 D 5249
5.2 Backer material must be ordered by diameter or size in backer material, and the percentage recovery of original
relation to the joint opening, usually 25 to 35 % larger than the dimensions after removal of the compression load.
joint width. 9.4.2 Apparatus:
9.4.2.1 An apparatus shall be provided having a flat com-
6. Materials pression plate larger than the specimen to be tested, connected
6.1 Sealant backer material shall be easily compressed and to a force measuring device, and mounted in such a manner
installed in the joint reservoir. This material shall be heat that the specimen can be deflected (compressed) at a speed of
resistant when used with hot-applied sealants. 0.5 to 2 in./min. The apparatus shall be arranged to support the
specimen on a level horizontal plate. The apparatus shall be
7. Physical Properties capable of measuring the distance between the movable plate
7.1 Physical properties of the sealant backer material shall and the stationary plate.
conform to the requirements of Table 1. 9.4.2.2 Calipers, capable of measuring 0.001 in.7
9.4.3 Test Specimens:
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
9.4.3.1 Test specimens shall be 6 6 0.125 in. lengths of the
8.1 The product shall be clean, free of scale or foreign backer material.
matter, oil, or water which could wipe off on a joint sidewall 9.4.3.2 Each test requires a minimum effective area of 3.0
and interfere with the proper cure or adhesion of the sealant. in.2 When the effective area of a single length is less than 3 in.2,
multiple lengths shall be used in a single test. When rod-shaped
9. Test Methods
backer material is less than 3⁄4in. in diameter, multiple lengths
9.1 Water Absorption— Tests for water absorption of the are required for each test (see Table 2).
Types 1 and 3 backing material shall be made in accordance
with Test Method C 1016, Procedure B. Type 2 material shall
TABLE 2 Multiple Specimen Requirements for Rod-Shaped
be tested in accordance with Test Method D 545. Backer Materials for Compression Recovery Testing
9.1.1 For Type 2 material:
Specimens Required for Each
Rod Diameter
W 3 100 Test
WA 5 262t (1)
⁄ in. or larger
34 1
⁄ to 5⁄8 in.
38 2
where: < 3⁄8 in. 3
WA = water absorption by volume, %,
W = weight of water absorbed, from tests made according
to Test Methods D 545, g, and 9.4.4 Number of Test Specimens—Test three specimens for
t = thickness of 4 in. by 4 in. specimen, inches.
each sample. The values reported shall be the mean of those
9.1.2 For the purposes of this calculation, 1 g of water observed.
occupies 0.061 in.3 at test conditions. 9.4.5 Procedure:
9.2 Density—Tests for density of Types 1 and 3 materials 9.4.5.1 Place the test specimen in the center of the support-
shall be made in accordance with Test Method D 1622. Tests ing plate of the apparatus. Materials that are supplied in coils
for density of Type 2 material shall be made in accordance with often have a tendency to curl. Place these samples between the
Test Methods D 545. plates in such a manner that the arc formed by the sample is in
9.3 Tensile Strength— Tests for tensile strength of Types 1 the vertical plane.
and 3 materials shall be made in accordance with Test Method 9.4.5.2 Bring the compression plate into contact with the
D 1623. specimen so that the entire length of the test specimen is in
9.4 Compression Deflection and Recovery—Type 2 material contact with both plates. No light should be visible anywhere
shall be tested in accordance with Test Methods D 545. Type 1 between the rod and the plate, except within 1⁄2 in. of the end
and 3 materials shall be tested in accordance with the following of the sample.
procedure. 9.4.5.3 Measure the original diameter of the rod by measur-
9.4.1 Significance and Use—This test method covers a ing the separation of the plates of the apparatus with the
procedure for measuring the force necessary to compress the calipers. Compress the rod 25 6 0.5 % of this thickness at 0.5
in./min. Record the reading of the load immediately.
TABLE 1 Physical Property Requirements
9.4.5.4 Hold the specimen at the specified deflection for 30
Property Type 1 Type 2 Type 3
s.
Density, lb/ft3(kg/m3), max 6 (96.1) 4 (64.1) 6 (96.1) 9.4.5.5 Remove the load at a rate of 0.5 in./min. Carefully
Tensile strength, psi (kgf/cm2), 20 (1.41) N/A 20 (1.41)
min observe the specimen during the last 10 % of plate travel. Stop
Water absorption, by volume, 0.5 0.5 0.5 plate when contact is not maintained with the specimens. This
%, max may be observed when, except within 1⁄2 in. of the ends, light
25 % Compression deflection 15 (1.06) 15 (1.06) 15 (1.06)
force, psi (kgf/cm2), max is visible along the length of the rod. Immediately measure and
Compression recovery, %, min 90 90 90 record the loss in diameter.
Heat resistance, °F 392 6 5 3926 5 N/A
°C 200 6 2.8 200 6 2.8 N/A
Maximum shrinkage, % 10 % 10 % N/A
7
Brown and Sharp Model 579-1 or equivalent has been found suitable.

2
 D 5249
9.4.6 Calculation: cut 4 by 4 in. 6 1⁄16 (102 by 102 mm) (Type 2).
9.4.6.1 Calculate the 25 % compression deflection force, 9.5.4 Procedure:
CD, per unit area of specimen, expressed in pounds force per 9.5.4.1 Measure the original diameter of the rod with the
square inch (kilograms of force per centimeter square) as calipers. Measure the thickness of the slab or sheet with the
follows: ruler.
CD 5 F/A 9.5.4.2 Fill insulated oil bath to a minimum depth of 3 in.
(2) with silicone fluid.8 Heat fluid to 392 6 5°F.
9.5.4.3 Holding the specimen vertically over the oil bath,
where: immerse approximately 2 in. of the specimen in the hot oil.
F = force required to compress the specimen 25 % as 9.5.4.4 Begin the dwell-time count upon immersion and
measured in 9.4.5.3, lbf (kgf), and leave the specimen immersed for the period of time designated
A = effective area of specimen compression contact sur- in Table 3.
face, in.2, (cm2). 9.5.4.5 Remove the specimen at the end of the dwell-time
For rods: period and allow it to cool in the drain pan or on absorbent
A 5 0.66 dl (3) towels for 1 min.
9.5.4.6 Measure the diameter of the rod or thickness of the
where: slab after immersion. Record the change in dimensions.
d = diameter of rod, in. (cm), and
9.5.4.7 Calculate the percent shrinkage as follows:
l = length of the sample, in. (cm).
9.4.6.2 Calculate the compression recovery, CR, as a per- t 2 t1
S5 t 3 100 (5)
centage of the original diameter of thickness as follows:
CR 5 ~do 5 D d!/do 3 100 (4) where:
t = original diameter or thickness of specimen, and
where: t1 = diameter or thickness after immersion.
do = original diameter, in. (cm), and, 9.5.4.8 The specimen is sufficiently heat resistant if the
Dd = loss in diameter, in. (cm).
shrinkage is less than 10 % of the original diameter or original
9.4.7 Report:
thickness.
9.4.7.1 Report the average compression deflection for the
9.5.5 Precision and Bias—Precision and bias statements are
three specimens tested in pounds force per square inch (kilo-
being prepared. They will be added to this specification when
grams of force per square centimeter).
they are completed.
9.4.7.2 Report the average compression recovery for the
three specimens tested in percent. 10. Rejection
9.4.8 Precision and Bias—Precision and bias statements are
being prepared. They will be added to this specification when 10.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of
completed (see Practice C 670). this specification shall be rejected. Rejection shall be reported
9.5 Heat Resistance for Types 1 and 2 Backer Material: to the manufacturer or supplier promptly and in writing. In the
9.5.1 Significance and Use—This test method is used to case of dissatisfaction with the test results, the manufacturer or
determine the heat resistance of backer material. supplier may request retesting.
9.5.2 Apparatus:
9.5.2.1 Insulated Oil Bath, capable of maintaining a uni- 11. Package Marking
form and homogeneous temperature of 3926 9°F. Any com- 11.1 Packages shall be marked with the following informa-
mercial deep-fryer is sufficient. tion:
9.5.2.2 Thermometer, having a range from 170 to 500°F (77 11.1.1 Name, brand, or trademark of the manufacturer,
to 260°C) and conforming to the requirements of Specification 11.1.2 Quantity and size,
E 1. (For example, ASTM 11C Thermometer or ASTM 11F 11.1.3 ASTM designation, and
Thermometer.) 11.1.4 Any other information that the manufacturer re-
9.5.2.3 Drainage Pan or Absorbent Towel. quires.
9.5.2.4 Stop Watch or Timer, that reads out in seconds.
9.5.2.5 Silicone Fluid, 8 100 cSt viscosity, or equivalent.
9.5.2.6 Calipers, capable of measuring 0.001 in. TABLE 3 Specimen Dwell Time
9.5.2.7 Rule, capable of measuring 0.01 in. (1 mm). Specimen Diameter or Thickness Dwell Time, s
9.5.3 Test Specimens: Less than 3⁄16 in. 2
9.5.3.1 Test specimens of the rod material shall be cut 10 to Equal to or greater than ⁄ to less than 7⁄16 in.
3 16 3
Equal to or greater than 7⁄16 to less than 15⁄16 in. 5
12 in. long. (Types 1 and 3.) Equal to or greater than 15⁄16 to less than 11⁄8 in. 8
9.5.3.2 Test specimens of the slab or sheet material shall be Equal to or greater than 11⁄8 to less than 13⁄8 in. 10
Equal to or greater than 13⁄8 to less than 13⁄4 in. 15
Equal to or greater than 13⁄4 in. 20
8
Dow Corning 200 has been found suitable.

3
 D 5249
APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. PRECAUTIONS ON USE AND APPLICATION

X1.1 Some of the conditions that have been identified to sandblasted, blown clean of loose sand by high-pressure air,
influence bubble formation in the sealant include a combina- and sealed. If joints are cleaned by jet waterblasting, the jet
tion of high moisture content in the concrete and high waterblast machine shall be capable of discharging water up to
pavement surface temperatures, damaged or melted backer 10 000 psi (69 MPa) pressure and 22 gal of water/min. Joints
material, or air entrapment due to application equipment shall be thoroughly dry before installation of bond breaker or
malfunctions. joint sealant material is applied.
X1.2 The use of a back-up material or bond breaker in the
X1.4 The backer material is used as a base to gun and/or
bottom of the joint covered by this specification is recom-
tool the sealant against, thus ensuring proper wetting of the
mended to control the depth of sealant and achieve the desired
joint side walls. Joint widths may vary because of spalls,
shape factor, and to support the sealant against identation and
ravels, and locked joints. Therefore, backer material sizing is
sag. Back-up materials and bond breakers should be compat-
important and project specific. Backing material should easily
ible with the material. Due to the elevated temperatures of
application of material, care should be exercised in the selec- conform to joint irregularities to ensure contact with the joint
tion of suitable back-up materials. side wall, thereby preventing the sealant from flowing to the
base of the pavement.
X1.3 Pavement joints should be dry, clean of all scale, dirt,
dust, curing compound, and other foreign matter. The sidewalls X1.5 Tests for outgassing of cold applied sealants shall be
of the joint space to be sealed should then be thoroughly made in accordance with Test Method C 1253.

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