SYNTACTICAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

ON THE TRANSLATION OF SURAH ‘ABASA

IN THE HOLY QUR’AN

THESIS

Presented to
The State Islamic University of Malang
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for
the Degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S)

DEWI FARICHA
04320070

ENGLISH LETTERS AND LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURE
THE STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MALANG
2008
 SYNTACTICAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
ON THE TRANSLATION OF SURAH ‘ABASA
IN THE HOLY QUR’AN

THESIS

Presented to
The State Islamic University of Malang
in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for
the Degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S)

DEWI FARICHA
04320070

ENGLISH LETTERS AND LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURE
THE STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MALANG
2008
 STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP

Name : Dewi Faricha

ID Number : 04320070

Address : Jl. Raya Wonorejo No. 227 Poncokusumo Malang

Hereby, I state that this thesis entitled Syntactic Structure Analysis on the

Translation of Surah ‘Abasa in the Holy Qur’an is truly my original work. It is

not incorporating any materials previously written or published by another person,

except those indicated in quotations and bibliography. I am the only person

responsible for the thesis if there are any objections or claim from others.

Malang, September 18th 2008

Dewi Faricha
 APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that the Sarjana’s thesis of Dewi Faricha entitled Syntactical

Structure Analysis on the Translation of Surah ‘Abasa in the Holy Qur’an has

been approved by the advisor for further approval by the Board Examiners.

Malang, September 18th 2008

Approved by: Acknowledged by:

Advisor The Head of

English Letters and Language
Department

Drs. H. Djoko Susanto, M.Ed., Ph. D Dra. Hj. Syafiyah, MA

NIP. 150 299 503 NIP. 150 246 406

The Dean of
The Faculty of Humanities and Culture
The State Islamic University of Malang

Dr. H. Dimjati Ahmadin, M. Pd.

NIP. 150 035 072
 LEGITIMATION SHEET

This is to certify that the Sarjana’ thesis of Dewi Faricha entitled

Syntactical Structure Analysis On The Translation Of Surah ‘Abasa In The Holy

Qur’an has been approved by the Board Examiners as the requirement for the

degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S) in English Letters and Language Department.

Malang, October 29th 2008

The Board Examiners Signatures

1. Dra. Hj. Meinarni Susilowati, M. Ed. (Main Examiner) 1.

NIP. 150 295 492

2. Drs. Langgeng Budianto, M. Pd. (Chair) 2.

NIP. 150 327 259

3. Drs. H. Djoko Susanto, M.Ed. Ph. D. (Advisor) 3.

NIP: 150 299 503

Acknowledgement by:

The Dean of
The Faculty of Humanities and Culture
The State Islamic University of Malang

Dr. H. Dimjati Ahmadin, M. Pd.

NIP. 150 035 072
 MOTTO

‘Verily in the remembrance of Allah, do hearts find rest’

(Ar-Ra’d: 28)

‘Satisfaction lies in the effort, not in the attainment. Full effort is full victory’

(Mahatma Gandhi)

And,

Do the best then let God does the rest

 DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to:

Abah, Ibu, Mbak Fida, Leli, Idris, Abiel, Chiya,
and all of my great family
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillahi Rabbil‘Alamin, all praises be to Allah SWT, the Lord of

the Universe who has been giving us His beneficent, especially to me. So I am

able to finish this thesis entitled Syntactical Structure Analysis on the Translation

of Surah ‘Abasa in the Holy Qur’an.

Sholawat and salam are always blessed and poured down upon our

beloved prophet Muhammad SAW which has shown us the bright ways that make

us recognize Islam, then we will always in shelter of Allah, now, until hereafter

life, Amin.

This thesis entitled Syntactical Structure Analysis on the Translation of

Surah ‘Abasa in the Holy Qur’an is intended the requirement for the degree of

Sarjana Sastra at the State Islamic University of Malang (UIN Malang).

Actually, this thesis would not have been completed without some supports

from many people. Thus, I want to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor,

Drs. H. Djoko susanto, M. Ed., Ph. D who has given me his valuable guidance,

correction, and patience which finally enabled me to finish my thesis successfully.

Moreover, I want to express my thankfulness to:

1. The Rector of the State Islamic University of Malang, Prof. Dr. H. Imam

Suprayogo for the chance given to me to study in this green university.

2. The Dean of the Faculty of Humanities and Culture of UIN Malang,

Dr. H. Dimjati Ahmadin, M. Pd. for his help so that I could finally finish

studying in English Letters and Language Department of UIN Malang.

3. The Head of English Letters and Language Department, Dra. Syafiyah,

MA, and all of the lecturers of English Letters and Language Department.

So many thanks for the valuable knowledge.

4. Mr. Nur Salam, my syntax teacher, thanks for introducing me syntax, it is

so interesting and beneficial course. And Mrs. Meinarni Susilowati, thanks

for giving me advice to make my analysis better.

5. My pride Abah and Ibu, thanks for prays, loves, supports, understandings,

cares, and affections. My beloved sisters, brother, nieces and all members

of my families, many thanks for your endless love and pray.

6. My big family in Al-Mubarok, KH. Suyuti Asyrof and his family, and all

of my friends there, especially B5&C4. Thanks so much for giving me so

many experiences and growing me better. I know that you never stop

praying me.

7. My other big family, all of the teachers and the students of Yayasan

Pendidikan Islam Al-Amin, thanks for your never ending support

8. My best friends in my lovely room, Averoes 19(Emma, Izza, Leli, Nan,

Yuning), thanks for being my pleasant and comfortable place to share, to

cry, and to laugh. Let’s go around the world!!

9. My greatest friends; Nanik, Mbak Zaki, and Mae, you are the other best

teachers that explain to me a true life while keeping dreaming, the other

best family that show me how I should be, and the other compulsory that I

get in this University. Let’s keep it better!!

10. The many other friends I have been having, especially in English Letters

and Language Department, are too many numerous to name, but I thank all
 of them for sharing their joys and sorrows with me, especially, Nita, Izza,

Izul, and Ichwan, thanks for being my good partners in advisements. .

11. And all people helping me to finish this thesis, which I cannot mention one

by one. Thank you.

Last but not least, thanks for you, the reader. There is no body perfect,

that’s why I invite suggestions and critics responding to the presence of my thesis.

Hopefully, this research will give many advantages to all of people who much

concern in English language.

Malang, 18th September 2008

The writer
 TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE SHEET............................................................................................. i

STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP .............................................................. ii

APPROVAL SHEET .................................................................................. iii

LEGITIMATION SHEET ...........................................................................iv

MOTTO ...................................................................................................... v

DEDICATION ............................................................................................vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... vii

TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................... x

ABSTRACT .............................................................................................. xiii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study....................................................................... 1

1.2. Problems of the Study ........................................................................... 4

1.3. Objectives of Study............................................................................... 4

1.4. Significance of Study ............................................................................ 5

1.5. Scope and Limitation of Study .............................................................. 5

1.6. Definition of Key Terms ....................................................................... 6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1. Descriptive Linguistic ........................................................................... 7

2. 2.Syntax................................................................................................... 8

2.2. Sentence................................................................................................ 8
2.3. Syntactic Structures.............................................................................. 11

2.3.1. Structure of Modification .................................................................. 11

2.3.2. Structure of Predication..................................................................... 17

2.3.3. Structure of Complementation........................................................... 20

2.3.4. Structure of Coordination .................................................................. 26

2.4. Chinese Box system ............................................................................ 27

2.5. The Translation of Surah ‘Abasa .......................................................... 28

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD

3.1. Research Design .................................................................................. 33

3.2. Data Sources ........................................................................................ 33

3.3. Research Instrument............................................................................. 34

3.4. Documentary Note-Taking................................................................... 34

3.5. Data Analysis....................................................................................... 35

CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1. Findings ............................................................................................... 36

4.1.1. Data Presentation .............................................................................. 36

4.1.2. The analysis of the Translation of Surah ‘Abasa based on its

Syntactic Structure Analysis ....................................................................... 37

4.2. Discussion............................................................................................ 50

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1. Conclusion........................................................................................... 60
5.2. Suggestion ........................................................................................... 61

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

CURRICULUM VITAE
 ABSTRACT

Faricha, Dewi. 2008. Syntactical Structure Analysis on the Translation of Surah

‘Abasa in the Holy Qur’an. Thesis, English Letters and Language
Department, Humanity and Culture Faculty, State Islamic University of
Malang. Advisor: Drs. H. Djoko Susanto M. Ed., Ph. D

Keywords: Syntax, Syntactic Structure, Surah ‘abasa, Chinese Box.

Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies the rules or ‘patterned

relations’ that govern the way words combine to form sentences. To analyze
syntax, one can use syntactic structure analysis. This is popularized by Nelson W.
Francis arguing that is important to understand how the sentence is formed. As
Francis states, there are four Syntactic Structures that can be analyzed in English
sentence.
In this research, the object analyzed is the translation of surah ‘Abasa in
the Holy Qur’an that is translated by Muh. Taqi-Ud-Din Al-Hilali and Muh.
Muhsin Khan in the ‘Interpretation of The Meanings of The Noble Qur’an’
published by Al-Haromain, the Islamic Foundation, in 2001.
The researcher uses qualitative research method in doing this research
since the obtaining data is the only sources of the research. Moreover, this is a
descriptive research as the researcher represents the finding descriptively.
The results of this research are the syntactic structures of the sentences
formed of the verses. There are eight sentences’ formed. The syntactic structures
are the variations of the four syntactic structures’ theory by Francis. They are
structure of modification, structure of predication, structure of complementation,
and structure of coordination.
In conclusion, the main structure of each sentence consists of the other
syntactic structures. That is why; it often is in the form of complex structure. In
addition, the most syntactic structures used are structure of modification.
Finally, based on the result of this research, the researcher hopes that it
will become the significance data for the linguistic society, especially those who
are interested in the study of syntax. The results of this study can also be used as
starting point for next researcher to do more research in syntax, especially in
syntactic structure analysis. Moreover, this research is expected to improve the
readers’ knowledge about the sentence pattern, so that they will understand the
content and meaning of the translation of Surah ‘Abasa better since the origin of
the Surah is revealed of the God.
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents background of the study, problem of the study,

objectives of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and

definition of key terms.

1.1 Background of the Study

Syntactic analysis is popularized by L. Bloomfield in the descriptive

linguistic. The descriptive linguistic is the approach of language study that

arose from the interest and preoccupations of American anthropologist, who

were concerned to establish good descriptions of the American Indian

language and cultures before they disappeared (Crystal, 1987:407). Syntactic

analysis is a method of syntactically categorizing the constituents of English

language sentences and a scheme showing all possible categories to which the

constituents of any sentence could belong. Analyzing syntactic structure

means analyzing grammar.

Chomsky recognizes syntactic structure in his generative grammar. He

emphasized that linguistic theory on syntactic structures is necessary since it

can give explanation in different types of analysis for linguistic levels as

constructional structures. Moreover, there are transformational grammar and

structural grammar in analyzing the syntactic structure. Crystal (1987: 232)

writes that syntactic structure analysis developed by Chomsky is made by

devising a set of rules that would generate ‘tree structure’. It is recognized in

transformational grammar.

Then, in its development, Francis (1958:292) develops one example of

analyzing sentence structures in structural grammar (or structural approach). It

is an analysis of sentence based on its surface structure. He states that there

are four basics syntactic structures in English sentences: (1) Structure of

modification; structure that two component parts are head and modifier, (2)

Structure of predication; structure that two components are subject and

predicate, (3) Structure of complementation; structure whose elements are

verbal element and complement, and (4) Structure of coordination; structure

which consists of equivalent grammatical units joined by a special kind of

function words. (These four syntactic structures are discussed in more detailed

in Chapter II). Different from the method applied by Chomsky to analyze

syntactic structures, Francis proposes Chinese Box system to analyze the

syntactic structures. Chinese Box system analyses syntactic structure by

diagramming the sentence using a binary system boxing into its parts (see

Chapter II for more detailed explanation).

Study on syntactic structure has been carried out by several scholars. In

2006, students of State Islamic University of Malang (UIN Malang) have done

the syntactical analysis that brings them to earn MURI award. They analyzed

the longest syntactic structure of a sentence consisting of 377 words. The

analysis was done on a 250 meters long white cloth. Some researchers have

also conducted syntactic analysis (e.g. Natalia, 2003; Wibowo, 2005;

Rohmawati; 2007 and Syarifatin; 2007). Natalia (2003), for example, has
studied the syntactic structures on some Celine Dion’s songs using Chinese

Box Theory. She found some variations of those four syntactic structures and

combined those structures into a diagram. Then, Rohmawati (2007) has

observed the syntactic analysis on the English translation of Surah Yasin by

using tree diagram theory. She investigated the syntactic pattern of positive,

negative, and interrogative sentences used in the English translation of Surah

Yasin. Moreover, she found that most of the positive sentences contain

complex sentences, while most of the negative sentences contain compound

sentences, and most of the interrogative sentences contain of yes-no questions

and WH questions.

The other studies that focusing on holy Qur’an (Akustria, 2003; Suwaidah,

2005; and Ma’arif, 2007). Ma’arif (2007) for example, has conducted research

in semantic analysis on the translation of surah Al-Fath. Ma’arif found the

Lexical, sentential, and discoursal meaning in the translation of Surah Al-Fath.

Suwaidah (2005) also has investigated the deixis on the translation of surah

Al-fatihah, she found some deixis of time, place, and pronoun within the

translation of Surah Al-Fatihah.

Based on the results of those studies, this present study investigates

syntactic structure analysis in the translation of Surah ‘Abasa in the Holy

Qur’an by Muhammad Taqi-Ud-Din Al Hilali & Muhammad Muhsin Khan.

Surah ‘Abasa is the eighteenth Surah of the Holy Qur’an . This Surah consists

of forty two verses. Quthb (2003: 170) says that based on its contents, the

whole verses of Surah ‘Abasa can be divided into four segments (See Chapter

II for more detailed).

 In this study, the researcher selects the first segment of Surah ‘Abasa as

the object of the study. It consists of sixteen verses. It contains a story about

the revealing of this Surah. Its verses consist of broken short sentence on each

verse but still have correlation with the following verses. That correlation

makes its verses meaningful. Furthermore, there are some varieties of

sentences such as statements, exclamations, or even questions. Such

syntactical structures of Surah Abasa are significant to be analyzed to find its

sentence pattern. Furthermore, it can fill the gaps between the reader and the

translators that are able to improve the readers’ understanding in content and

meaning. Moreover, it is useful to know the construction of the English

sentence, especially as the translation of the holy Qur’an because they are

originally religious expressions from Allah.

1.2 Problem of the Study

Based on the background stated above, this study is conducted to answer

the following question:

How are the syntactic structures on the translation of Surah ‘Abasa by

Muhammad Taqi-Ud-Din al-Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan?

1.3 Objective of the Study

In line with the problem stated above, this study intends to explain the

syntactic structures on the translation of surah ‘Abasa by Muhammad Taqi-

Ud-Din al-Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan

1.4 Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will provide useful inputs for:

(1) The next researchers who are going to do research in the area of

syntactical structure or those whose study deal with the translation of the Holy

Quran. The results of this study can also be a starting point to do relevant

research. The findings of this study provide the syntactical data which are

related to Qur’anic study; (2) the results of this study can enrich the result of

the research in this regard, (3) and for the readers, it is expected to give more

knowledge about the translation of Surah ‘Abasa, therefore, the translation

will be understandable better.

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study intends to analyze the syntactic structures of the translation of

Surah ‘Abasa by using Chinese box system proposed by Nelson W. Francis in

the structural grammar. While there are many English translations of the Holy

Qur’an, the English translations analyzed is translated by Muhammad Taqi-

Ud-Din al-Hilali&Muhammad Muhsin Khan, which was taken from the

‘Interpretation of the Meaning the Noble Qur’an in the English Language’. In

addition, it is not the purpose in this study to analyze the whole translation of

Surah ‘Abasa, but it is limited on only the 1st to 16th verses of the Surah. These

verses are considered in a story about the admonishment and warning from

God to His prophet, Muhammad.

1.6 Definition of Key-terms

To avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation, some terms used in this

study are defined.

Descriptive linguistic: An approach of language study that is pioneered by

Franz Boas (1858-1942) and popularized by Leonard Bloomfield (1887-

1949).

Syntax: A branch of linguistics that is studying the internal part of sentence

structure and interrelationship among its parts.

Syntactic structures: A method of syntactically categorizing the constituents of

English language sentences and a scheme showing all possible categories to

which the constituents of any sentence could belong

Chinese Box: A binary system which is conducted by Nelson W. Francis as a

media in doing syntactical analysis.

Surah ‘Abasa: The eighteenth Surah of the Holy Quran which contains forty

two verses.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses some theories related to the study.

2.1 Descriptive Linguistic

Descriptive linguistic is a term used to the study of language in its

synchronic aspects. Francis (1958: 21) states that this synchronic aspect means

‘dealing with state of affairs at a given point of time. Moreover, Crystal

(1987:407) writes that descriptive linguistic is the approach of language study

which arose from the interest and preoccupations of American anthropologist,

who were concerned to establish good descriptions of the American Indian

language and cultures before they disappeared.

Descriptive linguistic is pioneered by an American linguist, Franz Boas

(1858-1942) in the twentieth century. Then in later development, it is popularized

by Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949). He released his book ‘Language’ that is the

first major statement synthesizing the theory and practice of linguistic analyzes.

This book dominated linguistic thinking for over twenty years and stimulated

many descriptive studies of grammar and phonology.

Descriptive approach aims to think of the abstract theory of linguistic as

the manner of describing a certain languages practically. In its development, the

Bloomfieldian approach is called by ‘Structuralist’ because of the various kinds of

technique it employed to identify and classify features of sentence structure.

2.2 Syntax

The term syntax comes from Greek word and literally means ‘a setting out

together’ or ‘arrangement’. In studying syntax, there will be an effort to produce

an accurate analysis of the ordering ‘arrangement’ of the elements in the linear

structure of the sentence (Yule, 1985:80). Therefore, it often focuses on sentence

structures where the most important grammatical relationships are expressed.

Syntax has defined and studied by many linguists ((Francis, 1958; Bornstein,

1977; Yule, 1985; Crystal, 1987; Wekker & Haegemen, 1989; and Widdowson,

1996).

Crystal (1987: 94), in the Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, defines

syntax as the way in which words arranged to show relationships of meaning

within (and sometimes between) sentences. Francis (1958:291) studies syntax by

doing investigation into parts of sentence structure and how they identify

themselves to be in larger structures. He finds that sentence structures are

combinations of parts of speech with or without function word in which the

lexical words belong to. That’s why, syntax is often known as the study of

language grammar.

Based on those definitions, syntax is a branch of linguistics that is

studying the internal part of sentence structure and interrelationship among it.

2.3 Sentence

Studying syntax cannot be separated from studying sentence structures.

Klammer (1944: 287) notes that study of syntax means studying the internal

organization of a sentence. Arranging sentences to follow one another is one of

the ways of suggesting the relationships between ideas including a variety of

methods by which attach one proposition ( or statement of an idea) to another,

connecting them with words hat explicitly mark the nature of their relationship.

That’s why it is necessary to know what sentence is first.

An English sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with full stop,

exclamation, or question marker. Furthermore, many linguists have defined what

sentence is (Klemmer: 1944, Francis: 1958, Crystal: 1987). Klemmer (1944: 441)

states that sentence is a word or group of words that usually consists of at least

one subject and predicate. In detail, Francis (1958: 372) states that a sentence is as

much of the uninterrupted utterance of a single speaker as is included either

between the beginning of the utterance and the pause which ends a sentence final

contour or two such pauses. However, Crystal (1987: 94) notes that syntacticians

do not search for a satisfactory definition of ‘sentence’ at the outset-an enterprise

that is unlikely to succeed, with over 200 such definitions on record to date.

Klemmer (1944:287- ) states that there are four varieties of sentence:

1. Simple sentence

It is a sentence that contains one independent clause: one subject and

one predicate

2. Compound sentence

It consists of two or more simple sentences joined by a coordinating

conjunction

3. Complex sentence

It is a sentence that contains at least two clauses; one independent and

one or more dependent clauses.

 4. Compound-complex sentence

It is a sentence that contains two or more independent clauses and at

least one dependent clause

English sentence consists of a potentially infinite set of sentence.

Furthermore, all sentences in English are made up of subject noun phrases and

predicate verb phrase. Based on those structural differences in the verb phrase,

there are five basic sentence types:

Type I: intransitive type

Type 1 sentence consists of a subject followed by a predicate in which

there is only a main verb followed by optional adverb phrases.

For example:

“Fish swim”

Type II: linking verb ‘be’ with adverb of time or place type

For example:

“Jesse is outside”

Type III: the linking verb ‘be’ with adjectival subject complement type

For example:

“Sheila is beautiful”

Type IV: the linking verb ‘be’ with nominal subject complement type

For example:

“Those men are brutes”

Type V: the transitive type

For example:

“John hit Bill”

2.4 Syntactic Structures

Study on syntax means we are ready to do syntactic structures analysis.

Francis (1958:292) divides the syntactic structures into four principal groups

based on their structural meaning. Those four basic types of syntactic structures

are (1) Structure of modification, (2) Structure of predication, (3) Structure of

complementation, and (4) Structure of coordination.

2.4.1 Structure of Modification

Structure of modification is structure which has two components named a

head and a modifier. The modifier has meaning that serves to broaden quality,

select, change, describe, or in some other ways affect the meaning of the head. In

syntactic structures analysis, structure of modification is represented by an arrow

( ) that points from the modifier toward the head.

Head Modifier Modifier Head

Figure 2. 4.1. 1 Structure of modification

Source: Francis (1958:294)

Structure of modification may be called as the phrase, based on the head as

the main position of the structure. There are four kinds of phrase in structure of
modification:
1. Noun phrase

It is a phrase whose head is a noun. The modifier of the noun can be:

a. Adjective

For example:

Beautiful garden
b. Noun

Noun which modifies another noun, the first second noun is

the head

For example:

Train ticket

‘Of’ construction, the first noun is the head

For example:

Ticket of the train

___’s construction, the second noun is the head

For example:

Earth’s human

c. Verb

For example:

Breezing wind

d. Adverb

For example:

Animal there
 e. Prepositional phrase

For example:

in actual event

2. Verb phrase

It is a phrase whose head is a verb. Some modifiers for verb are:

a. Adverb

For example:

Fly slowly

b. Adjective

For example:

He fell flat

c. Noun

For example:

Lived seven years

She

d. Verb

For example:

She comes smiling

 e. prepositional phrase

For example:

He spoke about his wealth

3. Adjective phrase

It is a phrase whose head is an adjective. The modifiers are:

a. Noun

For example:

Sky blue

b. Adjective

For example:

Dark green

c. Adverb

For example:

Completely right

d. Verb

For example:

Easy understand
to
 e. Qualifier

For example:

Very wonderful

4. Adverb phrase

It is a phrase whose head is an adverb. The modifiers can be:

a. Adverb

For example:

Always behind

b. Noun

For example:

The next match away

c. prepositional phrase

For example:

Away For a week

d. Qualifier

For example:

Very easily
 Besides those four kinds of phrases, Francis 1958: 323-325 adds the

function word as head. Although it rarely occurs, but in fact, some phrases can be

identified as function word phrase where the head of the structure is a function

word.

Some function words as head of the structure are:

a. Prepositional phrase

In the prepositional phrase, the head is not just the preposition

but the whole phrase. Some modifiers can be qualifier, adverbs,

or certain nouns.

• Qualifiers

For example:

A bit under the ground

• Adverbs

For example:

Almost beneath the earth

• Certain nouns

For example:

A long way off base

b. Noun-determiners

Some modifiers can be qualifiers, adverbs, or even

prepositional phrases.
 • Qualifiers

For example:

Very many trees

• Adverbs

For example:

Almost all human

• Prepositional phrases

For example:

More than enough hydrogen

2.4.2 Structure of Predication

The two immediate constituents of structure of predication are subject and

predicate. This structure is indicated by a capital ‘P’ which refers to the subject

and its front facing the predicate.

Subject P Predicate Predicate P Subject

Figure 2.4.2. 1 Structure of predication

Source: Francis (1958:295)

Subject

Some subjects are:

1. Nouns and noun-headed of structure of modification

 For example:

David plants rose P

A cold gray day in winter P depresses me

2. Structures of modification where the head are adjectives, adverbs, or verbs

For example:

• Adjective:

Loving your parents Is a good way to be P

• Adverb:

Today P is too soon

• Verb: (infinitive)

To err P is human

(Present participle)

Sitting here P is pleasant

3. Prepositional phrase

For example:

To Japan is a wonderful trip P

 4. Structure of complementation

For example:

Climbing mountain
P is my dream P

5. Structure of coordination

For example:

Whether yes or not P is my choice

6. Structure of predication (included clause)

For example:

Whenever is P is right

Predicate

The predicate is the structure that follows the subject. It always has

a verb or verb-phrase in key position.

1. Verb as predicate

For example:

He laughs P

2. Structure of modification as predicate

For example:

The sun rises in the east P

 3. Structure of complementation as predicate

For example:

The snow P was cold

4. Structure of coordination

For example:

We played and laughed P

2.4.3 Structure of Complementation

It has two immediate constituents: a verbal element and a complement.

The verbal element may be a simple verb or any structure that has a verb in key

position. It is represented by capital ‘C’ with its back to the verbal element.

Verbal element Complement

C

Complement Verbal element

C

Figure 2.4.3. 1 Structure of complementation

Source: Francis (1958:295)

These following are the illustrations of structure of complementation:

a. Simple verb as the verbal element

For example:

VE
We
are learning the Holy Qur’an C
 b. Infinitive

For example:

VE
A time to be thankful for C

c. Structure of modification as the verbal element

For example:

VE
You
never in your life said that
C

d. Structure of coordination as the verbal element

For example:

VE
She
caught and cared of the fish C

Verbal Element

Types of verbal elements based on the types of structure in which they

found and by certain other formal indications are:

1. Linking verbs

These are verbs that are thought of as a structural link between subject and

complement. It never occurs without a complement or has no passive.

For example: become, seem, remain, look, sound, smell.

2. Transitive verbs
 It is verbs that always has a complement when in the active voice and have

a passive form.

For example: “The man sold his car.”

3. Be (as a full verb, not an auxiliary)

For example: “it is here.”

Complement

Complements are appearing in structure of complementation. Based on

types of verbal elements which have their own kind of complement, there are two

kinds of complements.

1. Subjective complements

These are complements which are appearing with linking verbs. It may be

single words, with or without related function words or they may be structures of

varying degrees of complexity, containing all sorts of structures within them.

Some various kinds of simple subjective complements based on Francis’ book

(1958: 346-348) are:

Noun

For example: “The girl is a student.”

Function noun

For example: “Ripeness is all.”

Adjective

For example: “The garden is beautiful.”

Adverb

For example: “The time was yesterday.”

 Verb

Infinitive

For example: “His dream is to write.”

Present participle

For example: “Her trade is reading.”

Past participle

For example: “This meat is canned.”

Prepositional phrase

For example: “The bus is on time.”

Some various kinds of complex structures function as subjective complements

are:

Structures of modification

For example: “His dream is to retire peacefully to France.”

Structures of coordination

For example: “The night was dark, gloomy, and cold.”

Structures of complementation

For example: “His hobby is reading novel.”

Structures of predication

For example: “The problem is that she does not want to do it.”

2. Objects

It is happened if there are complements appearing with transitive

verbs.
 Direct Object (DO)

These are complements which are appearing with a transitive verb. The

direct object can be noun, pronoun, function noun, verb (infinitive and present

participle) or even various more complex structures.

Francis (1958: 348-349) determines some single-word as direct objects.

They are:

Noun

For example: “He finds happiness.”

Pronoun

For example: “I saw him.”

Function noun

For example: “She gives some.”

Verb

Infinitive

For example: “You come to go.”

Present participle

For example: “I love writing.”

Adverb

For example: “The lion wants out.”

Some various more complex structures function as direct objects are:

Structures of modification

For example: “They like walk in the rain.”

Structures of coordination

For example: “The class needs a new blackboard and cupboard.”

 Structures of complementation

For example: “The cat dislike to eat vegetables.”

Structures of predication

For example: “I guess he is here.”

Indirect Object (IO)

The indirect object or objective complement is the second objects that

appear after the object of a transitive verb. But, structures of this sort are thus

potentially ambiguous. The indirect objects are always nouns, noun-headed

structure of modification or structure of coordination with noun constituents.

Based on Francis’ view (1958: 349-352)

Noun

For example: “She gives her mother three gifts.”

IO DO
Function noun

For example: “We gave each a present.”

IO DO

Pronoun

For example: “The agent sold them a property.”

IO DO

Structure of modification

For example: “She makes a hungry beggar fried rice.”

IO DO

Structure of coordination

For example: “We give our mother and father a bouquet.”

IO DO

Objective complement
 Certain complements consisting of two objects do not fit the indirect and

direct object pattern. If a complement consisting of two objects do not meet the

requirements for the indirect + direct object structure. Its second object is an

objective complement. Objective complements may be nouns, adjectives, adverbs,

verbs (in past participle form), preposition phrase, structure of modification or

structure of coordination.

2. 4. 4 Structure of Coordination

A structure of coordination consists of two or more syntactically

equivalent units joining in a structure which functions as a single unit. The

joining is called by coordinators. These following are some coordinators

(Francis: 1958: 355):

And, but, nor, not, or, rather than, as well as, together with, along with, not
(only), but (also), either..or, neither.. nor, both .. and.

In the structure of coordination, the structure is indicated by parallel lines ‘= to

connect the constituents:

Government of the people by the people for the people

Figure 2.4.4. 1 Structure of coordination

Source: Francis (1958:295)

Elliptical Structures of Coordination

If there are two components which are not syntactically equivalent and it is

assumed to make simpler by assuming an imaginary or omitted repetition.

DO

like fresh fish salted fishNot

I
 Figure 2.4.4. 2 Elliptical structure of coordination
Source: Francis (1958:361)
Split Structures of Coordination

It happens when the coordinators of the middle group, such as ‘rather

than’, split and inverted structure

For example:

Rather than starve he chose to eat insects

Figure 2.4.4. 2 Split structure of coordination

Source: Francis (1958:364)

Correlative Structure of Coordination

In the usual structure of coordination in which one of these appears, the

first constituent comes between the two parts of the correlatives and the second

constituent comes immediately after the second part.

For example:

I bring not peace but a sword

Figure 2.4.4. 2 Correlative structure of coordination

Source: Francis (1958:364)

2.5 Chinese Boxes System

 In doing analysis of syntactic structure, representing graphically the

various structures that are included in English syntax is necessary. It usually uses

a simple system of diagramming sentence into elements and parts.

Francis (1958:293) recognizes a system of diagramming structures into its

elements and parts by dividing into its immediate constituents (often abbreviated

IC’s by linguists) and subdividing it until the ultimate constituents (in grammar,

the ‘words’).

This media of analysis results something like ‘Chinese boxes’ that fit one

within another. It is graphically indicated by enclosing each ultimate constituent

in a box and drawing larger and larger boxes around the immediate constituents of

each of the increasingly complex structures into which they combine. Every box

except those which contain a single word (ultimate constituent) contains just two

smaller boxes. It is kind of twofold or binary structure in the grammatical

organization in English. Because of it, virtually any English structure may be

divided into two immediate constituents, each of which may be divided into two

again until the ultimate grammatical units.

The four different structures are identified by placing simple symbols

between the two immediate constituents. An arrow ‘ ’ indicates modification, a

capital ‘P’ indicates predication, a capital ‘C’ indicates complementation, and a

parallel lines ‘ ’ indicates coordination. Prepositions, includes, and interrogators

are put into a smaller box, connected to the box, containing the object, included

clause or question which they introduce.

At my house
 Figures 2.4.1 Chinese Boxes
Source : Francis (1958: 296)

Within the complement, the various kinds of complements are identified

by labeling their boxes with initials: DO (direct object), IO (indirect object), SC

(subject complement), and OC (object complement).

IO DO
give me book

Figure 2.4.2 Chinese boxes

Source: Francis (1958: 296)

2.6 The Translation of Surah ‘Abasa

Surah ‘Abasa is short but contains various important subjects which

especially emphasize on the resurrection (Ameli, 2001: 152). The name of the

Surah is derived from its first verse. It is the eighteenth surah that consists of

forty-two verses.

Al- Ghazali (2000: 699) tells in his book that one day the prophet was

busy addressing a group of prominent dignitaries from the Quraysh tribe, in the

hope that their joining the small community of Muslims would influence a large

number of Arabs to turn Islam too. Then coming to him the blind man and

interrupting him, the Blind man is Abdullah bin Umm-Maktum. The prophet was

disturbed and it is showed in his face. Then God goes on reminding the prophet

that the poor blind man might have been ready to accept preaching about Islam.

God then exclaims why those addressed were pursuing people who considered

themselves not in need, including the need of assistance, yet that person attended

to them and ignored the blind man.

 Quthb (2003: 170-184) says that the whole contemns of surah ‘Abasa can

be divided into four segments: verses 1-16, 17-23, 24-32, 33-42.

The first segment is the background of revealing surah ‘Abasa. It is a story

about the Prophet Muhammad who was giving the admonition to the Quraish tribe

and ignoring Umm Maktum.

The second segment is about the nature of human and expounding the

nature of God’s message. That will remind us to the first segment. Its contents of

warning to the human that has ignored

The third segment tells about human life and how they are being blessed

by foods and it reminds us to the second segment that the human should not

ignore the God’s order.

The last segment closes the surah. The result of those all human do.

Human must pay attention to this warning. It tells about the day after, the end of

human life.

Surah ‘Abasa has been translated by so many translators in different ways

and results, but the meaning of the surah must be relatively similar. The

differences can be in the sentence structures or the diction of the words to express

the meaning involved. It is important to know the sentence structures of the

translation. Knowing the sentence structure (by doing syntactic structure

analysis) is useful to have clearer understanding into the sentence, clauses, phrase,

or even words in the translation.

New sub section: Biography of Dr. Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali1

1
http://www.dar-us-salam.com/authors/taqi-ud-din-hilali.htm, retrieved on April, 20th 2008
 Dr. Al-Hilali was born in the year 1311 (A.H.) in a village called Al-Fidah

in a valley near Sajalmasah in Morocco, North Africa. His grandfather migrated to

this place from Al-Qairawan, Tunis a long time ago. He was a person blessed with

religious knowledge and so was his father and so was his family. Dr. Al-Hilali

belongs to the family of Husain bin Ali - the family of the Prophet Muhammad.

His real name is Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din. He memorized the Qur'

an while a boy

of 12 years. Then he studied Arabic grammar and Tajwid and other Arabic

knowledge of Al-hadith of the Prophet.

He also learned well the English and German languages. He traveled

widely all over the world in search of knowledge (India, Iraq, Egypt, Saudi

Arabia, etc.). He worked as a teacher in these countries. He got his secondary

school education in Al-Qarawiyyth University, completed his education in Egypt,

and got his doctorate from the Berlin University, Germany. He worked in

Baghdad University, as an assistant professor, then a professor. Lastly, he worked

as a professor in the Islamic University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Dr. Al-Hilali

had widespread experience in the field of preaching, and has written many books

and done many religious and good deeds. He was possessed with true Islamic

Monotheist Faith and had been inviting people to this Faith and used to reply back

those who used to oppose this doctrine. He had a good way of controlling the

problems with wisdom and knowledge, which made him reach a high place in the

field of knowledge.

He shared with Dr. Muhammad Muhsin in the translation of the meanings

of the interpretation of the Qur'

an and Sahih Al-Bukhari and the book Al-Lulu-wal
Marjan into the English language during the period of his stay at the Islamic

University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. He died in the year 1408 Hijrah.

Biography of Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan2

Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Muhi-ud-Din bin Ahmed AI-Essa AI-Khoashki

Al-Jamandi Al-Afghani was born in the year 1345 Al-Hijri, in Qasur, a city of the

Punjab Province, in Pakistan. His grandfathers moved abroad from Afghanistan

escaping from the wars and ribal strifes. Dr. Muhammad Muhsin belongs to the

famous Afghanese tribe AlKhoashki Al-Jamandi. The residence place of his tribe

was the valley of Afghanistan south east of the city of Kandhar (Afghanistan).

He worked in the Ministry of Health, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He

came during the period of late King Abdul Aziz A'

l-i-Saud. He stayed in the

Ministry of Health for about 15 years, most of that period was in At-Ta'
if, where

he worked as the Director of El-Sadad Hospital for the Chest Diseases, and then

he moved to Al-Madinah, where he worked as the Chief of the Department of

Chest Diseases in the King'

s Hospital. Then lastly, he worked as the Director of

the Islamic University Clinic, Al-Madinah.

He shared with Dr. M. Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali in the translation of the

meanings of the Ahadith of the Book Sahih Al-Bukhari and the Book Al-Lulu wal

Marjan and the meanings of the interpretation of the Qur'

an into the English.

2
http://www.dar-us-salam.com/authors/muhsin-khan.htm, retrieved on April, 20th

2008
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter presents the method of the research. They are: research

design, data sources, research instrument, documentary note-taking, and data

analysis.

3.1 Research Design

This research is a descriptive qualitative research. Miles and Huberman in

Creswell (1994:161) defines the qualitative research is an investigating process

where the researcher gradually makes a sense of social phenomenon by

contrasting, comparing, replicating, cataloguing, and classifying the object of

study. This kind of process was usually called as inductive process. As Creswell

(1994:145) says that in inductive process of analysis, abstractions, concepts,

hypotheses, and theories from details were built. Moreover, this research employs

a descriptive approach to analyze the data. Salam (2007:18) states that descriptive

research is designed to obtain information concerning the current status of

phenomena. Based on those statements, this research is descriptively describing

the syntactic structures on the translation of Surah ‘Abasa.

3.2 Data Sources

The data source of this research is the English translation of surah ‘Abasa.

The translation was made by Dr. Muhammad Taqi-Ud-Din Al- Hilali and Dr.

Muhammad Muhsin Khan. This translation is taken from the ‘Interpretation of the
Meaning the Noble Qur’an in the English Language’ published by Al-Haramain

Islamic Foundation in 2001.

3.3 Research Instrument

Creswell (1994:145) states that the qualitative researcher is the primary

instrument for data collection and analysis. Moreover, in this research, it is

impossible to collect and analyze the data using any other instruments. The data

are obtained by understanding and selecting the text. Furthermore, reading and

understanding the translation of Surah ‘Abasa particularly and classifying it in

accordance with the syntactic structures analysis is useful to know how the

syntactical structures are formed.

3.4 Documentary Note-Taking

It is a technique of data collection by using written form document as the data

sources. The data is the documentary of the translation of Surah ‘Abasa that is

collected in the following steps: first, setting the boundaries for the study. It is

about syntactic structures in the translation of Surah '

Abasa; next is collecting

information through documents by reading, comprehending, and understanding

the English Translation of Surah ‘Abasa; and the last is selecting the first eighteen

verses of the translation and arranging it to be a sentence to further analyze using

the four syntactic structures.

3.5 Data Analysis

After the data are obtained from the text of the translation of Surah ‘Abasa in

the Holy Quran, the data is analyzed in these following steps: first, writing down

the English translation of Surah '

Abasa; second is categorizing each arranged

sentence pertaining to its syntactic structures and representing it by using Chinese

Boxes, third is describing the syntactic structures of each sentence; next is

interpreting the finding, and the last is concluding the result.

 CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter reports the finding of the analysis based on the research

question as stated in Chapter I. The discussion is then continued to further analyze

the syntactic structures based on Francis’ theory of Chinese Box system.

4.1. Findings

This is the English translation of Surah ‘Abasa in the holy Qur’an that is used

to analyze based on its syntactic structures using Chinese Box system proposed by

Francis. The translation was made by Muhammad Taqi-Ud-Din Al- Hilali and

Muhammad Muhsin Khan. This is taken from the ‘Interpretation of the Meaning

the Noble Qur’an in the English Language’ published by Al-Haramain Islamic

Foundation in 2001.

4.1.1 Data Presentation

The data presentation of this research is the English translation of

Surah ‘Abasa in the Holy Qur’an. It consists of forty two verses. However, in this

research, the analysis is conducted on the first sixteen of the translation. These

following are the translation of Surah ‘Abasa verse 1 to 16:

(The prophet) frowned and turned away (1), because

there came to him the blind man (i.e. ‘Abdullah bin Umm

Maktum, who came to the prophet while he was

preaching to one or some of the Quraish chiefs) (2). And

how can you know that he might become pure (from

 sins)? (3) Or he might receive admonition, and the

admonition might profit him? (4). As for him who thinks

himself self-sufficient (5), To him you attend (6); What

does it matter to you if he will not become pure (from

disbelief)? –you are not only a messenger, your duty is to

convey the Message (of Allah) (7) But as to him who

came to you running (8), And is afraid (of Allah and His

punishment) (9), of him you are neglectful and divert

your attention to another (10). Nay, (do not do like this),

indeed it (this Qur’an) is an admonition (11). So, whoever

wills, let him pay attention to it (12), (It is) in Records

held (greatly) in honour (Al-Lauh Al-Mahfudz), (13)

Exalted (in dignity), purified (14), In the hands of scribes

(angels) (15), honourable and obedient (16).

4.1.2 The Analysis of the Translation of Surah ‘Abasa based on its

Syntactic Structure.

The analysis of syntactic structure is based on its sentence structure. That

is why, in this analysis, the verses (that are assumed not as a sentence) is related to

the next verses until the sentence is formed.

As the finding, the sixteen verses above are formed to be ten sentences.

These following are the sentences and their syntactic structure analysis’ that is

presented in Chinese Boxes.

The first sentence consists of verse 1 and 2. It is ‘(The prophet) frowned

and turned away, because there came to him the blind man (i.e. ‘Abdullah bin
Umm Maktum, who came to the prophet while he was preaching to one or some of

the Quraish chiefs). The syntactic structure analysis of this sentence is presented

in Chinese Boxes 1 on page 40.

The second sentence consists of verse 3 and 4. It is ‘And how can you

know that he might become pure (from sins)? Or he might receive admonition,

and the admonition might profit him?’ The syntactic structure analysis is

presented in the Chinese Boxes 2 on the page 41

The third sentence consists of verse 5 and 6. It is ‘As for him who thinks

himself self-sufficient, to him you attend;’ the syntactic structures is showed on the

Chinese Boxes 3 on the page 42.

The fourth sentence is in verse 7. It is ‘What does it matter to you if he will

not become pure (from disbelief)? –‘the syntactic structure analysis is presented in

the Chinese Boxes 4 on the page 43.

The fifth sentence is in verse 7. It is ‘you are not only a messenger; your

duty is to convey the Message (of Allah)’. The syntactic structures of this sentence

are showed in the Chinese Boxes 5 on the page 44

The sixth sentence is formed from three verses (8-10). It is ‘But as to him

who came to you running, and is afraid (of Allah and His punishment), of him you

are neglectful and divert your attention to another’. The syntactic structure of the

sentence is presented in the Chinese Boxes 6 on the page 45

The seventh sentence is in verse 11. It is ‘Nay, (do not do like this’. The

syntactic structure of this sentence is figured in the Chinese Boxes 7 on the page

46.
 The eighth sentence is in verse 11. It is ‘Indeed it (this Qur’an) is an

admonition’. The syntactic structure of this sentence is presented in the Chinese

Boxes 8 on the page 47.

The ninth sentence is in verse 12. It is ‘So, whoever wills, let him pay

attention to it’. It is presented in the Chinese Boxes 9 on the page 48.

The last sentence is formed from verse 13 to 16. It is ‘(It is) in Records

held (greatly) in honour (Al-Lauh Al-Mahfudz), in the hands of scribes (angels),

Exalted (in dignity), purified, honourable and obedient’. The syntactic structure of

the sentence is presented in the Chinese Boxes 10 on the page 49.

Note: (Due to a technically problem, the Chinese Boxes 1-10, on the page 40-

49, can not be inserted in this file; it has been presented in a printed material,

please check it in the library collection if you want to know more about it)
 4.2. Discussion

After obtaining the data and analyzing its syntactic structures based on theory

of Francis by using Chinese Box system, in this section, the whole data are

elaborated more to get detail explanation about the syntactic structures of the

English translation of Surah ‘Abasa on the Holy Qur’an by Muh. Taqi-Ud-Din Al-

Hilali and Muh. Muhsin Khan.

The first sentence consists of two verses (verse 1-2). It is ‘(The prophet)

frowned and turned away, because there came to him the blind man (i.e.

‘Abdullah bin Umm Maktum, who came to the prophet while he was preaching to

one or some of the Quraish chiefs). Its syntactic structure is presented in the

Chinese boxes 1 on page 40.

The main structure of that sentence is the structure of modification. It

consists of the head and the modifier. The head of the structure is the structure of

predication that consists of the structure of modification as its subject and the

structure of modification as its predicate. The subject, that is the structure of

modification, has the noun determiner ‘The’ modifies the noun ‘prophet’. The

predicate, that is the structure of modification, consists of the structure of

coordination as its head and the structure of predication as its modifier.

The structure of coordination (the head of the structure) consists of two

verbs, ‘frowned’ and ‘turned away’. The last verb ‘turned away’ is the structure of

modification that consists of the verb ‘turned’ modified by the adverb ‘away’. The

structure of predication (the modifier of the structure) is preceded by the

subordinate conjunction ‘because’. This structure of predication consists of the

adverb ‘there’ as the subject and the structure of complementation as the

predicate. This predicate consists of the structure of modification as the verbal

element and the structure of modification as the object complement. The verbal

element is the structure of modification consists of the verb ‘came’ modified by

the prepositional phrase ‘to him’. The object complement is the structure of

modification that consists of the structure of modification ‘the blind man’ as the

head of the structure and the other structure of modification (the rest sentence) as

the modifier.

The head of the first structure of modification is the structure of

modification that consists of the noun determiner ‘the’ modifies the structure of

modification ‘blind man’. This structure of modification consists of the adjective

‘blind’ modifies the noun ‘man’. The second structure (the modifier) is the

structure of modification which has the proper name ‘Abdullah bin Umm

Maktum’ as the head of the structure. The modifier is the structure of predication

that has the pronoun ‘who’ as the subject and the structure of modification ‘came

to the prophet’ as the predicate. This predicate (the structure of modification)

consists of the verb ‘came’ as the head that is modified by the prepositional phrase

‘to the prophet’. This is the structure of modification that consists of the noun

determiner ‘the’ modifies the noun ‘prophet’.

The modifier of the main structure is the structure predication. This

structure is preceded by the subordinate conjunction ‘while’. This structure of

predication has the pronoun ‘he’ as the subject and the structure of modification

as the predicate. This structure of modification consists of the structure of

modification which has the structure of complementation ‘was preaching’ as the

head and the structure of modification ‘to one or some of the Quraish chiefs’ as
the modifier of the structure. This modifier is the structure of modification that

consists of structure of coordination ‘one or some’ as the head and the structure of

modification ‘of the Quraish chiefs’ as the modifier. The structure of modification

‘of the Quraish chiefs’ is a prepositional phrase. As the structure of modification,

its head is the noun determiner ‘Quraish chiefs’ that is modified by the noun

determiner ‘the’. And the last is the structure of modification ‘Quraish chiefs’.

The head of the structure is the proper name ‘Quraish’ and the modifier is the

noun ‘chiefs’.

The second sentence consists of two verses (verse 3-4). It is ‘And how can

you know that he might become pure (from sins)? Or he might receive

admonition, and the admonition might profit him?’ The analysis is presented in

the Chinese Boxes 2 on the page 41. Within the Chinese Boxes is showed that the

main structure of the sentence is the structure of predication. Its subject is the

pronoun ‘you’ and its predicate is the rest. The predicate is the structure of

complementation that consists of the verb ‘can know’ as the verbal element and

the structure of modification as the object complement. This object complement

(structure of modification) consists of the pronoun ‘how’ as the head and structure

of modification as the modifier. This modifier consists of the noun determiner

‘that’ modifies the structure of coordination. This structure of coordination

consists of three structures of predication those are related with the parallel lines

and coordinators ‘or’ and ‘and’.

The first structure of predication has the pronoun ‘he’ as the subject and

the structure of complementation as the predicate. The second structure of

predication consists of the pronoun ‘he’ as the subject and the structure of
complementation as the predicate. This predicate has the structure of modification

‘might receive’ as the verbal element and the noun ‘admonition’ as the object

complement. The last structure of predication has the noun ‘the admonition’ (that

is structure of modification) as the subject and the structure of complementation

as the predicate. This predicate has the structure of modification ‘might profit’ as

the verbal element and the pronoun ‘him’ as the object complement.

The third sentence consists of two verses (verse 5-6). It is ‘As for him who

thinks himself self-sufficient, to him you attend;’ the syntactic structures is showed

on the Chinese Boxes 3 on the page 42.

The main structure of the sentence is the structure of modification. The

head of the structure is the prepositional phrase ‘for him’. The modifier of the

structure is the structure of predication that has the pronoun ‘who’ as the subject

and the structure of coordination as the predicate. The first structure in the

structure of coordination is the structure of complementation that has the verbal

element ‘thinks’ and the object complement ‘himself self –sufficient’ (the

structure of modification). The second structure in the structure of coordination

is the structure of predication, it is a split structure. It has the pronoun ‘you’ as the

subject and the structure of modification ‘attend to him’ as the predicate.

The next verse (verse 7) consists of two sentences. The second sentence is

an additional explanation (from the translator) to the reader. The first sentence is

analyzed in the Chinese Boxes 4 on the page 43. It is ‘What does it matter to you

if he will not become pure (from disbelief)? –‘

The main structure of the sentence is the structure modification. Its head is

the structure of predication which has the pronoun ‘it’ modified by the structure of
complementation. This structure of complementation consists of the verbal

element ‘does matter’ and the object complement is the structure of modification

‘what to you’. This structure of modification consists of the prepositional phrase

‘to you’ modifies the relative pronoun ‘what’.

The modifier of the main structure is the structure of predication that

consists of the pronoun ‘he’ as the subject and the structure of modification as the

predicate. This structure of modification has the function word ‘not’ modifies the

structure of complementation. This structure of complementation consists of the

verbal element ‘will become’ and the subjunctive complement ‘pure from

disbelief’ (structure of modification).

The next sentence is in verse 7, it is the additional explanation of the

translator. It is ‘you are not only a messenger; your duty is to convey the Message

(of Allah)’. The syntactic structures of this sentence are showed in the Chinese

Boxes 5 on the page 44.

The main structure of the sentence is the structure predication. It has the

pronoun ‘you’ as the subject and the structure of complementation as the

predicate. This predicate consists of be ‘are’ as the verbal element and correlative

structure of coordination as the subjunctive complement. This structure of

coordination consists of two structures of predication. To make a better

understanding, the omitted word ‘you are’ is included. The sentence will be ‘you

are a messenger’. This is the structure of predication where the pronoun ‘you’ is

the subject and the structure of complementation is the predicate. This predicate

contains be ‘are’ as the verbal element and the structure of modification ‘a

messenger’ as the object complement. The second structure in the structure of

coordination is the structure of predication where the structure of modification

‘you duty’ is the subject and the structure of complementation is the predicate.

This predicate consists of be ‘is’ as the verbal element and the structure of

modification as the subjunctive complement. This structure of modification has

the prepositional phrase ‘to convey’ modifies the structure of modification where

the noun determiner ‘the’ modifies the other structure of modification ‘Message

of Allah’. This structure of modification has the noun ‘Message’ as the head and

the prepositional phrase ‘of Allah’ as the modifier.

The next sentence is formed from three verses (8-10). It is ‘But as to him

who came to you running, and is afraid (of Allah and His punishment), of him you

are neglectful and divert your attention to another’. The structure of the sentence

is presented in the Chinese Boxes 6 on the page 45.

The sentence is preceded by two coordinators, ‘But’ and ‘as’. The main

structure of the sentence is structure of coordination. There is a coordinator ‘and’

(that is omitted). The first structure of structure of coordination is structure of

modification. The head of the structure is the prepositional phrase ‘to him’ that is

modified the structure of predication as the head of the structure. This predicate

consists of the relative pronoun ‘who’ as the subject and the structure of

coordination as the predicate. The predicate consists of two structures that are

joined with the coordinator ‘and’. The first structure of this structure of

coordination is the structure of modification where the verb’ running’ is the

modifier of the structure of modification ‘come to you’. This structure of

modification consists of the verb ‘came’ as the head and the prepositional phrase

‘to you’ as the modifier. The second structure is the structure of complementation
which has the verbal element be ‘is’ and the structure of modification ‘afraid of

Allah and His punishment’ as the subjunctive complement. This subjunctive

complement, structure of modification consists of the adjective ‘afraid’ modified

by the structure of coordination as the modifier of the structure. This modifier

consists of the noun ‘Allah’ and the structure of modification ‘His punishment’

related with the coordinator ‘and’.

The second structure in the structure of coordination is the structure of

modification where the prepositional phrase ‘of him’ is the head of the structure.

The modifier of the structure is the structure of predication that consists of the

pronoun ‘you’ as the subject and the structure of complementation as the

predicate. This structure of complementation consists of be ‘are’ as the verbal

element and the structure of complementation as the subjunctive complement.

This structure of complementation (as the subjunctive complement) consists of the

structure of coordination as the verbal element and the structure of modification as

the objective complement.

The verbal element consists of two adjectives ‘neglectful’ and ‘divert’

joined together with the coordinator ‘and’. The objective complement consists of

the structure of modification ‘your attention’ as the head of the structure modified

by the prepositional phrase ‘to another’. The structure of modification ‘your

attention’ consists of the possessive pronoun ‘your’ modifies the noun ‘attention’

as the head of the structure.

The seventh sentence is in verse 11. It is ‘Nay, (do not do like this)’. The

syntactic structure of this sentence is presented in the Chinese Boxes 7 on the

page 46.
 This is an exclamation sentence. The word ‘Nay’ means do not. The main

structure of this sentence is the structure of coordination where the imperative

word ‘Nay’ is related with the rest, ‘do not do like this’. This is the structure of

modification where the function word ‘not’ modifies the structure of

complementation. This structure of complementation has the verbal element ‘do’

and the object complement ‘like this’. ‘like this’ is the structure of

complementation where the verb ‘like’ is the verbal element of the object

complement ‘this’.

The eighth sentence is in verse 11. it is ‘Indeed it (this Qur’an) is an

admonition’. The syntactic structure of this sentence is figured in the Chinese

Boxes 8 on the page 47.

The main structure of the sentence is the structure of modification. It

consists of the adverb ‘indeed’ modifies the structure of predication as the head of

the structure. This structure of predication consists of the structure of modification

‘it (this Qur’an)’ as the subject and the structure of complementation ‘is an

admonition’ as the predicate. The subject is the structure of modification where

the pronoun ‘it’ is modified by the structure of modification ‘(this Qur’an)’. This

structure of modification has the noun determiner ‘the’ as the modifier of the noun

‘Qur’an’ as the head. The predicate is the structure of complementation where be

‘is’ the verbal element of the structure of modification ‘an admonition’ as the

subjunctive complement. This structure of modification consists of the noun

determiner ‘an’ modifies the noun ‘admonition’.

 The ninth sentence is in verse 12. It is ‘So, whoever wills, let him pay

attention to it’. The syntactic structure of this sentence is showed in the Chinese

Boxes 9 on the page 48.

The structure of the sentence is preceded by the subordinate conjunction

‘So’. The main structure is the structure of modification. The head of the structure

is the structure of predication where the subject of the structure is the pronoun

‘who’ and the predicate is the verb ‘wills’. There is no clear object used but it is

explained by the structure of predication that modifies it. This modifier is the

structure of predication that consists of the structure of complementation as the

subject and the structure of complementation as the predicate. The first structure

of complementation (as the subject) consists of the verb ‘let’ as the verbal element

of the pronoun ‘him’ as the object complement. The second structure of

complementation (as the predicate) consists of the structure of coordination ‘pay

attention’ as the verbal element and the prepositional phrase ‘to it’ as the object

complement.

The last sentence is formed from verse 13 to 16. It is ‘(It is) in Records

held (greatly) in honour (Al-Lauh Al-Mahfuz), In the hands of scribes (angels),

Exalted (in dignity), purified, honourable and obedient’. The syntactic structure of

the sentence is presented in the Chinese Boxes 8 on the page 47.

The main structure of the sentence is the structure of predication. It

consists of the pronoun ‘It’ as the subject and the structure of complementation as

the predicate. This predicate has be ‘is’ as the verbal element and the structure of

coordination as the subjective complement. There are three structures as the

subjunctive complements that are joined together using the parallel lines.
 The first structure in the structure of coordination is the structure of

modification. It is a split structure that has the structure of modification ‘(it is)

held greatly’ modifies the structure of coordination ‘in Records == in honour (Al-

Lauh Al-Mahfudz)’ as the head of the structure. The second structure in the

structure of coordination is the structure of modification ‘(it is) exalted in dignity’.

This structure has the verb ‘exalted’ as the head and is modified by the

prepositional phrase ‘in dignity’. The last structure in the structure of coordination

is the structure of modification ‘(it is) purified in the hands of scribes (angels),

honourable and obedient’. This structure of modification has the verb ‘purified’ as

the head of the structure and the structure of modification as its modifier.

The modifier of the structure of modification (of the last structure in the

structure of coordination) consists of the structure of modification ‘the hands’ in

which the noun determiner ‘the’ modifies the noun ‘hands’ as the head and the

structure of modification as the modifier. This structure of modification is a

prepositional phrase. It has the structure of modification ‘scribes (angels)’ as the

head of the structure and the structure of coordination ‘honourable and obedient’

modifies it ‘honourable and obedient’ are two adjectives that join together

forming the structure of coordination.

 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Based on the findings and the discussions presented in Chapter IV, the

conclusion and the suggestion are drawn.

5.1 Conclusion

This study examines the syntactic structures formed in the translation of Surah

‘Abasa translated by Muh. Taqi_Ud-Din Al-Hilali &, Muh. Muhsin Khan. The

Francis’ theory (the four syntactic structiues) and Chinese box system (as the

media of analysis) are used to analyze the data.

Based on the findings and the discussions in Chapter IV, the writer finds that

the first sixteen of the translation of Surah ‘Abasa is forming ten sentences. These

sentences are the complex syntactic structures since the structures within each

sentence consist of several different and complex syntactic structures. Therefore,

it is often found structures of complementation in the structure of modification,

the structure of modification in structure of predication, etc.

Furthermore, there are so many conjunctions preceded the structures. These

conjunctions can be sentence conjunction or clause conjunction which relates the

verse to the next or the previous verse, to form a sentence.

To sum up, the most structures used are the structure of modification. It

represents that most English sentence used head and modifier to arrange their

sentence. Moreover, the structure of complementation are often used s the

subjunctive complement or the objective complement.

5.2 Suggestions

After analyzing the syntactic structure on the translation of Surah ‘Abasa in

the Holy Qur’an, the suggestions are toward to the next researcher to discuss this

research and conduct the other research related to syntactic structure analysis but

on different object of study.

To the English syntax lecturer, the researcher hopes that they will encourage

the students by doing intensive course in syntactic structure analysis, not only a

theoretical course but also a practical course, and give more detail explanations

about English syntax.

To the linguistic society, the researcher hopes that there will be so many

events held to giving chance to them whom interested in doing analysis in syntax

study, such as a syntactic analysis by UIN students that bring them to earn MURI

award in 2006.
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 APPENDIX

Translation of Surah ‘Abasa in the Noble Qur’an

Translated by:
Muhammad Taqi-Ud-Din al-Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan

Front Cover of the Noble Qur’an

Translated by
Muhammad Taqi-Ud-Din al-Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan

Back Cover of the Holy Qur’an

Translated by
Muhammad Taqi-Ud-Din al-Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan
 CURRICULUM VITAE

I. IDENTITY

Full Name : Dewi Faricha

Place & Date of Birth : Malang, May 31st 1986
Home Address : Jl. Raya Wonorejo No. 227 RT: 03 RW: 01
Wonorejo Poncokusumo Malang
E-mail Address : [email protected]
Nationality : Indonesian

II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

FROM TO
NO SCHOOL / UNIVERSITY
YEAR YEARS
01 MI Al-amin Wonorejo 1992 1998
02 MTs Al-Amin Wonorejo 1998 2001
03 MAN 1 Malang 2001 2004
Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris
04 Fakultas Humaniora dan Budaya 2004 2008
UIN Malang
 DEPARTEMEN AGAMA
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI (UIN) MALANG
FAKULTAS HUMANIORA DAN BUDAYA
Jalan Gajayana 50 Malang, Telp (0341) 551354 Faks (0341)
572533

BUKTI KONSULTASI

Nama : Dewi Faricha

NIM : 04320070
Fakultas : Humaniora dan Budaya
Jurusan : Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris
Judul Skripsi : Syntactical Structure Analysis on the Translation of Surah
‘Abasa in the Holy Qur’an
Dosen Pembimbing : Drs. H. Djoko Susanto, M. Ed., Ph. D.

No Tanggal Materi TTD

1 10 Maret 2008 Pengajuan Judul 1.
2 18 Maret 2008 Konsultasi Proposal 2.
3 02 April 2008 Acc Proposal 3.
4 11 April 2008 Seminar Proposal 4.
5 09 Mei 2008 Konsultasi Bab I 5.
6 23 Mei 2008 Revisi Bab I 6.
7 13 Juni 2008 Konsultasi Bab II 7.
8 27 Juni 2008 Revisi Bab II 8.
9 17 Juli 2008 Konsultasi Bab III 9.
10 25 Juli 2008 Revisi Bab III 10.
11 07 September 2008 Konsultasi Bab IV 11.
12 10 September 2008 Revisi Bab IV 12.
13 12 September 2008 Konsultasi Bab V & Abstrak 13.
14 !5 September 2008 Acc Keseluruhan 14.

Malang, 18 September 2008

Mengetahui,

Dekan Fakultas Humaniora dan

Budaya UIN Malang

Dr. H. Dimjati Ahmadin M.Pd

NIP. 150 035 072