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10K views259 pagesOperating Systems by Iresh A. Dhotre
The importance of Operating Systems is well known in various engineering fields. Overwhelming response to my books on various subjects inspired me to write this book. The book is structured to cover the key aspects of the subject Operating Systems.
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80% found this document useful (10 votes)
10K views259 pagesOperating Systems by Iresh A. Dhotre
The importance of Operating Systems is well known in various engineering fields. Overwhelming response to my books on various subjects inspired me to write this book. The book is structured to cover the key aspects of the subject Operating Systems.
Uploaded by
Awais Salman QaziCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Dg OPERATING SYSTEMS
Iresh A. Dhotre
M.E. (Information Technology)
ExFaculty, Sinhgad College of Engineering
Pune
© .
PUBLICATIONS Website : www.technicalpublications.org
‘An Up-Thrust for Knowledge ihtips:/www facebook com/technicalpublications
o OPERATING SYSTEMS
‘Semester - VI (CSE/ISE)
Fat Elton: February 2018
© Copyright with Author
Al publishing rights (printed ond ebook version) reserved with Technical Publications. No port of this book.
should be reproduced in any form, Electronic, Mechanical, Photocopy or any information storage and
retrieval system without prior permission in writing, from Tachnical Publications, Pune.
Published by : dn Resrey, tie Na, 12, Shaina Fan, Pe «41300, MS. MOK
"TECHNICAL 20 ees OS RE
Printer
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S:No. 100A,
Gal nti Ente, Nene Voge Raed,
Sil orch, Dat Buee 417087
SBN 978-93.
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9789333217606 [1] ci PREFACE
The importance of Operating Systems is well known in various engineering fields.
Overwhelming response to my books on various subjects inspired me to write this book
‘The book is structured to cover the key aspects of the subject Operating Systems.
The book uses plain, fucid language to explain fundamentals of this subject. The book
provides logical method of explaining various complicated concepts and stepwise
methods to explain the important topics, Each chapter is well supported with necessary
illustrations. practical examples and solved problems. All the chapters in the book are
arranged in a proper sequence that permits each topic to build upon earlier studies. All
care has been taken to make students comfortable in understanding the basic concepts
of the subject
Representative questions have been added at the end of each section to help the
students in picking important points from that section.
The book not only covers the entire scope of the subject but explains the philosophy of
the subject. This makes the understanding of this subject more clear and makes it more
Interesting. The book will be very useful not only to the students but also to the subject
teachers. The students have to omit nothing and possibly have to cover nothing more.
I wish to express my profound thanks to all those who helped in making this book a
reality. Much needed moral support and encouragement is provided on numerous
‘occasions by my whole family. | wish to thank the Publisher and the entire team of
Technical Publications who have taken immense pain to get this book in time with
quality printing
Any suggestion for the improvement of the book will be acknowledged and well
appreciated,
Author
2. A. Phetve
Dedicated at the Lotus feet of Lord Ranganatha.
wy, SYLLABUS
Operating Systems [15CS64]
Module -1
Introduction to operating systems, System structures: What operating systems do, Computer System
organization; Computer System architecture; Operating System structure: Operating System
operations; Process management, Memory management; Storage management, Protection and
Security; Distributed system: Special-purpose systems: Computing environments. Operating System
Services; User - Operating System interface; System calls; Types of system calls; System programs
Operating system design and implementation, Operating System structure, Virtual_machines
Operating System generation: System boot, Process Management Process concept: Process
scheduling: Operations on processes: Inter process communication (Chapters - 1. 2)
Module - 2
Multi-threaded Programming : Overview: Multithreading models; Thread Libraries; Threading issues.
Process Scheduling: Basic concepts: Scheduling Criteria: Scheduling Algorithms; Multiple-processor
scheduling; Thread scheduling. Process Synchronization : Synchronization: The critical section
problem: Peterson's solution; Synchronization hardware: Semaphores: Classical problems of
synchronization: Monitors. (Chapters 8. 4)
Module - 3
Deadlocks : Deadlocks: System model: Deadlock characterization: Methods for handling deadlocks:
Deadlock prevention; Deadlock avoidance; Deadlock detection and recovery from deadlock. Memory
Management : Memory management strategies: Background; Swapping: Contiguous memory
allocation; Paging: Structure of page table: Segmentation,
(Chapters - 5, 6)
Module - 4
Virtual Memory Management : Background: Demand paging: Copy-on-write; Page replacement
Allocation of frames, Thrashing. File System, Implementation of File System : File system: File
concept; Access methods; Directory structure; File system mounting; File sharing; Protection:
Implementing File system: File system structure; File system implementation; Directory
implementation: Allocation methods; Free space management. (Chapters - 7. 8)
Module - 5
Secondary Storage Structures, Protection : Mass storage structures; Disk structure; Disk attachment,
Disk scheduling; Disk management; Swap space management, Protection: Goals of protection,
Principles af protection, Domain of protection, Access matrix. Implementation of access matrix, Access
control, Revocation of access rights, Capability Based systems. Case Study ; The Linux Operating
System ; Linux history: Design principles; Kernel modules; Process management: Scheduling: Memory.
Management; File systems, Input and output: Inter process communication. (Chapters - 9. 10)
o TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.10. Distributed System vecesD 21
ee *
LLL Special-Purpose Systems cee 123
Chapter-1 Introduction to Operating LULL Real Time Systems. .....6.20.. 1-23
‘Systems, System Structures 1.11.1. Comparison between Hard and
(1-1) to (1-38)
Soft Real Time System 1-28
1.1 What Operating Systems Do? 1-2 1.11.2 Multimedia Systems. 1-23
LLL User View 1.2 1.11.3 Handheld Systems . 1-24
1.1.2 System View 1-34.42 Computing Environments 1-24
1.2 Computer System Organization 1-4 | 1.43. Operating System Services coded
eaaaahniiacaiininie 1-6 | 1.44 User- Operating System Interface .........1-25
1.22 Incerupis 7 1.14.1 Command Interpreter 1-26
1.23 Cache Memo 18 icon : ine
1.24 Direct Memory Access Structure 1-9
1.18 System Calls 1-26
1S Commpaltee Systems Areluteotine 110 1.15.1 Classification of System Calls 1-28
1.311 Single Processor System 1-10
. * 1.16 System Programs. ceed -29
1.3.2 Multiprocessor System 1-10 , 5 smo: +9
1.17 Operating System Design and Implementation | - 29
1.3.3 Clustered System. rll mda " ”
L.A8_ Operating System Structure. 1-30
14 Operating System Structure 1-12
1.18.1 Simple Structure, 1-30
1.4.1. Batch Systems. 1.13
1.182 Layered Approach 1-30
1.42 Multiprogramming OS . “en
1.43 Time Sharing System .. v1e16 | NS Virtual Machines ane
1.44 Multiuser System 1-17 120. Operating System Generation ced B
1.5 Operating System Operations Je1g | -L2L. System Boot 134
1.5.1 Dual Mode Operation 1-18 1.21.1 Steps in Boot Process 1-35
1.6 Process Management 119 1.21.2 Kernel Initialization 1-38
1.21.3 BIOS Initialization 1-36
1.7 Memory Management........0.600c00061-19
1.21.4 Master Boot Record (MBR) 1-37
1.8 Storage Management....... 1-20
5 Chapter -2 Process Management
20 (2 - 1) to (2 - 16)
1.8.1 File System Management
1.8.2 Secondary Storage Management. 1-20
eens 24 Process Concept
1.8.3 VO System Management. 1-20
2.1.1 Difference between Process and Program
184 Caching 1-20
2.1.2 Process Control Block.
1.9 Protection and Security 1-21
2.1.3 Process States 2-4 2.2 Process Scheduling 2-6
2.2.1 Scheduler 2-6
2.2.2 Difference between Long Term, Short
‘Term and Medium Term Scheduler ......2-7
Context Switeh .. 2-8
2.3 Operations on Processes 2-8
2.3.1. Process Creation 2-9
2.3.2 Process Termination 2-9
2.4 Interprocess Communication. 2-10
24.1 Pipes
2.4.2 Features of Message Passing
2.4.3 IPC Messuge Format
2.4.4 IPC Synchronization... 22s
245 SI
red Memory. 2-16
Chapter-3 Multi-threaded Programming
(8-1) to (3-26)
3 Thread 3.2
3.1 Thread Advantages 32
3.1.2 Difference between Thread and Process... 3-2
3.1.3 Thread Lifecycle: 3-3
3.2 Thread Models 3-3
3.2.1 User Level Thread. B63
3.2.2 Kernel Level Thread 3-4
3.2.3 Difference between User Level and Kernel
Level Thread 3-4
3.3. Multithreading Model 3-5
34 Thread Libraries 3-7
3.4.1 PThreads 3-7
3.4.2 Win32 Threads 3-7
3.4.3 Java Thread 3-8
3.5 Threading Issue 3-8
3.5.1 Signal Handling... 23-8
2. Thread Cancellation ... 3-8
wo
3.5.3, Thread Pools 3-8
3.6 CPU Scheduling 3-9
3.6.1 Preemptive and Non-preemptive
Scheduling, 3-9
3.6.2. Difference between Preemptive and
Non-preemptive CPU Scheduling. -10
3.6.3. CPU Scheduling Criteria 3-10
3.64 Disapatcher 3-11
3.7 Scheduling Algorithms 3-1
3.7.1 First Come First Serve Scheduling
