WEB

DESIGN PACKAGE
Objective
At the end of this lesson, students understand the following:
a. Introduction to Web Design Packages
b. Types of Web Design
c. Examples of Web Design Package
d. Using Web Design
e. Advantages and Disadvantages of Web Design
f. Characteristics of Web Design Package
g. Component of Web Design
h. Designing a Website

Introduction to Web Design Packages

The internet has redefined the borders of our modern world. Big or small companies
now have customers all across the globe. Small or big business houses, groups and even
non-profit organization others known as NGOs are now providing an infinite array of
information to widespread audience. The possibilities are endless through effective and
efficient web design.
In the digital world websites emerge as an important too that not only help the
companies to find their target audience but also help in tapping desired customers
while seating remotely. Websites has become the medium of communication or
interaction for business houses. Websites enables you to establish your corporate
identity globally and remain in contact with your customer throughout day and night.

Web Design – Meaning

In a nutshell, website design can be defined as the act of planning, creating and
updating of website. In other words, website design has to do with all the different skills
and disciplines in the production as well as maintenance of websites. Website design all
involves information architecture, website structure, user interface, navigation
ergonomics, website layout, colors, contrasts, fonts and imagery (photography) as well
as icon design.
Information architecture (AI) focuses on organizing, structuring and labeling content in
an effective and sustainable way. Information architecture is to a website what the
concrete foundations are to a house.

A website structure is a product of careful thinking, intentional design, and

accurate organization. The best time to develop a strong site structure is before you
start building the site.

Website utilizes multiple disciplines such as animation, graphics, interaction design,

and information architecture while giving digital corporate identity to your business.
The amalgamated features help in interacting with your unknown audience in effective
and efficient manner. Websites are often considered as the interactive marketing
strategy to pull out the hidden customer around the global arena.

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Understanding a Web Page
The first step to setting up a web application is to understand its component. The main
component and only component of a web application is setting up a web page. A web
page is a text file containing Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) formatting tags and
links to graphic files and other web pages through a web server. In other word, it's an
interactive form of communication that uses a computer network. Web pages are unique
in such a way that they can be interactive and use multimedia.
Example is when a test is taken on the web and result can be forwarded to individual.
The main to remember when creating a web page is to establish a goal by setting many
links

Web Design Packages

Web Design packages are packages or a set of software programs used in the process of
designing a website.

Examples of software under this category are:

1. iWeb: iWeb allows users to create websites and blog and customize them with
their own text, photos and movies. iWeb integrates with other services, including
Facebook, YouTube, Google, AdSence and Google Maps.
It allows you to create a website in just a few minutes without the knowledge of
programming or HTML. iWeb provides beautiful, Apple-designed templates that
you can easily be customized so you don’t have to worry about design. Just
replace the placeholder text and images with your own.
2. Microsoft FrontPage: FrontPage is a website publishing program which was
released by Microsoft. It is one of the first popular web design tools that allows
users to create custom web sites without having to know HTML code. It helps
you to manage the pages in your web as well as create and edit web pages in a
What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get (WYSIWYG) fashion.
3. Adobe Dreamweaver: Adobe Dreamweaver is one of the most popular
professional web development software packages. Dreamweaver is a complex
product suitable for everything from simple page design to development of
dynamic pages written with ColdFusion, PHP, ASP, CSS, XML, XSLT, and
JavaScript. Dreamweaver is the most powerful, most fully featured web
developer tool.
It can be used in both Mac and Windows operating system, this cross-platform
development tool allows users to preview website in their web browsers. It
combines a great WYSIWYG editor, an FTP client and a convenient scripting
environment, which supports advanced autocomplete and scripting formatting
options.
4. Microsoft Expression Web 3.0 & Studio: Microsoft Expression Web is an HTML
editor and general web design software product by Microsoft. It is part of the
Expression Studio Suite.

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 Expression Web can design and develop web pages using HTML5, CSS 3,
ASP.NET, PHP, JavaScript, XML+XSLT and XHTML. Expression Web 4 requires
.NET Framework 4.0 and Silverlight 4.0 to install and run. Expression Web uses
its own standards-based rendering engine which is different from Internet
Explorer's Trident engine.
5. WebPlus X6 (Now owned by Microsoft): WebPlus X6 is the quick and easy way
for businesses for anyone who wants to create and publish eye-catching desktop
and mobile sites, without having to use any code. Whether using stylish
templates or designing from scratch, WebPlus X6 allows regular computer users
add advance features to unique sites with drag-and-drop simplicity.
6. NetObjects Fusion which are commercial programs: It has a graphical user
interface and generates HTML or XHTML through its own proprietary database.
The user interface of NetObjects Fusion has been praised as elegant and
user-friendly by users and observers.
7. Amaya: Amaya (formerly Amaya World) is a discontinued free and open source
WYSIWYG web authoring tool with browsing abilities.
Amaya is a Web editor, i.e. a tool used to create and update documents directly
on the Web. Browsing features are seamlessly integrated with the editing and
remote access features in a uniform environment. This follows the original vision
of the Web as a space for collaboration and not just a one-way publishing
medium.
Amaya started as an HTML + CSS style sheets editor. Since that time, it was
extended to support XML and an increasing number of XML applications such as
the XHTML family, MathML, and SVG. It allows all those vocabularies to be edited
simultaneously in compound documents.

Component of Web Design Packages

1. A Solid Layout: The importance of having a good foundation applies to just
about everything in life. If the foundation is wrong, everything that is put on top
of it will probably fail. In web design, the foundation is your layout. Laying out a
web design involves placing all the content and navigational elements. You want
to establish a hierarchy in these elements that gives the most important one’s
prominence, and this should be determined by how you think audience will use
the site.
2. Effective Typography: Just like layout, typography plays an important role in
how a user digests the content of a website. It's important for a web design's
typography to be easy to read and follow while establishing structure and
hierarchy within the content.
3. The Right Color scheme: Choosing the right color scheme is extremely
important, because it will set the mood of your design more so than any other
component. Don't let your own personal taste determine what colors you use.
That should be based on what's trying to be achieved with the site and what you
know about its audience.

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 4. Appropriate Design Elements:This is where you can have a lot of fun with a design.
Your creativity can go wild here with texture, icons, patterns, etc. However, keep in mind
that design elements also play a big role in setting the mood of the design. So keep things
consistent with the goals of website and its audience. Also keep the design elements
consistent with the other three components I've already mention.

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GRAPHICS PACKAGES
Learning objective
At the end of this chapter, students understand the following:
 Introduction of graphics package
 Types of graphics package
 Examples of graphics package
 Uses of graphic package
 Components of graphics
 Corel draw
 Features of Corel draw
 Working with Corel draw

Introduction of graphic packages

Graphic packages are programs that allow artist and computer users to use computers
that allow artist and computer users to use computers to create, edit, display and print
graphics images. A graphics package is usually used to create and manipulate images on
a computer.

Types of graphics packages

There are two main types of graphics packages:
1. Painting (Bitmap) packages
2. Drawing (vector) packages

Painting packages
A painting package produces images by changing the color of pixels on the screen. These
are coded as a pattern of bits to create a bitmapped graphics file. Bitmapped graphics
are used for images such as scanned photographs or pictures taken with a digital
camera.

Advantages of painting packages

 The main advantage offered by this type of graphic is that individual pixels can
be changed which makes very detailed editing possible.
Disadvantages of painting packages
 Individual parts of an image cannot be resized. Only the whole picture can be
resized.
 Information has to be stored about every pixel in an image which produces files
that use large amounts of backing storage space.

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Drawing packages
A drawing packages produces images that are made up from coloured lines and shapes
such as circles, squares and rectangles. When an image is saved it is stored in a vector
graphics file as a series of instructions which can be used to recreate it.

Advantages of drawing packages

 They use less storage space than bitmap graphics
 Each part of an image is treated as a separate object, which means that individual
parts can be easily modified.
Disadvantages of drawing packages
 They don’t look as realistic as bitmap graphics.

Uses of graphics packages

 Some of the common things people use graphics software for include; editing and
sharing digital and modifying clip art, creating logos, drawing and modifying clip
art, creating digital fine art, creating web graphics, designing advertisements and
products packaging, touching up scanned photos and drawing maps or other
diagrams.
 Other obvious uses of computer graphics software include computer art, CGI
films, architectural drawings, and graphic design – but there are many non
-obvious uses as well and not all of them are “artistic”.

Examples of graphics packages

Commonly examples of graphic packages are
1. Paint.
2. Corel draw
3. Adobe photoshop
4. Harvard graphics
5. Print master
6. Ventura
7. Photoshop pro
8. Adobe page maker

Microsoft paint
Using Microsoft paint, or MS Paint, is the first experience with graphics software for
most home experience with graphics software for most home users. Originally
known as paint brush for windows, this simple paint program has been included as a
standard feature of every version of windows. It is typically found in the accessories
folder by clicking the “paint” icon. The program is considered basic by graphics
professionals, but it does allow users to make standard modifications to images and
to save changes in a variety of file format. Several artists have made a name for
themselves by using Microsoft paint to make stunning recreations of the Mona Lisa

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 and other famous works of art.

Adobe photoshop
The standard graphics software product on the market is undoubtedly Adobe
photoshop. This software is used to design almost any style of graphics that can be
imagined. Advanced features built right into the core of the software have made
photoshop the flagship product of adobe. The software is further strengthened by a
large variety of third party plug ins that add endless potential of the effects that can
be generated with photoshop. The only element missing from photoshop is the
ability to create animated GIF images; however, the product is accompanied by
Adobe image ready, which can be used to animate your photoshop images.

Autodesk 3d studio max

Some situations call for features that standard graphics software cannot offer. A
more powerful software application is needed for 3-D rendering and animation. The
market leader for 3-D rendering is a product from Autodesk software called 3D
studio Max. more commonly referred to as 3DS Max, this product allows you to
create stunning 3-D images that are on par with anything produced by Pixar, and it
also allows images to be animated.

Corel draw
Corel draw is one of the original software programs for computer graphics. Although
it has been on the market longer than most competitors, it is not advertised as
vigorously and can sometimes be overlooked by those who are new to computer
graphics. Corel draw provided a designer with one of the most powerful graphics
software packages money can buy. Not only does it create standard graphics, but
many people use Corel draw for basic 3-D rendering as well. Corel also features suite
of graphics editing programs designed for video DVD use.

The Gimp
The Gimp or GNU image manipulation program is a free, open source image editing
application for photo retouching, painting, compositing, and image creation. The
GIMP originated as a program for UNIX and X, but has been ported to many other
platforms including Linux, Macintosh and windows. Often lauded as the “free
photoshop,” GIMP does have an interface and features similar to photoshop. Here
you can find links to tutorials and other resources for the GIMP user community.

Adobe fireworks
The adobe firework (formerly macromedia fireworks is a bitmap and vector
graphics editor. It was originally developed for web designers to rapidly create
website prototypes and application interfaces. Its features include slices and the
ability to add hotspots. It is designed to integrate with other Adobe products such as
Adobe Dreamweaver and Adobe Flash.

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Components of graphic packages
 A paint pallet from which different colors and patterns can be chosen
 A fill option for coloring in shape or area on the screen with a color or pattern
from the paint palette
 Most graphics packages have a built-in library or clipart pictures.
 Zoomed or magnify is a feature that allows an area of the screen to be seen
close up for detailed work.
 Special brushed such as an airbrush can be used to achieve different paint
effects on the screen.

Common features of graphics packages

 In most graphics these features are chosen from a toolbar or tool palette
where they are displayed as icons.
 Exporting is a special way of saving a file produced using a graphics package
so that it can be used in another application.
 When an exported file is needed in another application it is opened in a
special way called importing.
 Drawing straight lined and freehand lines;
 Drawing regular pre-defined shapes like squares, rectangles and circles using
a special tool.
 Entering text and changing the style and size of an object, or scaling.
 Rotating objects in either clock wise or anticlockwise by specifying the
direction and angle of rotation.
 Stretching objects either horizontally or vertically. Flipping an object either
horizontally or vertically.

Corel draw
Corel draw is an integrated vector-based design tool (program) that makes it easy to
create professional artwork like logos (a symbol that represent a company or
organization) complimentary cards, wedding cards, invitation cards, certificates,
greeting cards, calendars, letter headed paper and any design you can think of.
Corel draw provides tools and special effects that will enable you as the user efficiently
to produce beautiful graphics of high quality. It was designed by Corel corporation.

The features of Corel draw.

Title bar
The title bar displays the name of the Corel draw file on which you are working. It is also
used to reposition the Corel draw window on the screen.

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Menu bar
There are 11 pull down menus. All menu commands are found in these pull-down
menus.
Rulers
Rulers serve as a positioning and sizing aid. They can be turned off optionally. In
addition, you can drag guidelines off the rulers to serve as drawing aids.

The scroll bars.

The scroll bars allow you to shift the pages horizontally and vertically.

Drawing window.
The large whit portion of the screen is the drawing window. The rectangle with the drop
shadow is the printable page. Use the entire side of the page as pasteboard or a test
area.

Roll-up window
The transformation(position) roll-up shown on the left. Although they are not
permanent part of the interface (they can be if you want, roll-up windows are nicely
packed persistent dialog boxes that remain on the screen as long as you want them. You
can use them to control many Corel draw’s operations their beauty lies in the fact that
they can remain active for playing quick “what-ifs” without going through the longer
process of invoking a standard menu dialog.
Much of the functionality of the roll-up has been replaced by the more convenient
property bar. Our criteria for teaching are always based on ease of learning. Sometimes
it is easier to learn from a roll-up. Other times the property bar may offer the better
method.

Dockers
New to Corel Draw 8 is a screen feature called “Dockers”. Dockers are a variation of
roll-up but differ in that they can be docked to the interface shell. In general, Dockers
are document managers. For example, there is a view manager Dockers which is very
helpful when your images become more complex. Although we will show you how they
work a little later, you won’t have use for them until advanced training.

Status bar
Status bar shows the file pattern, outline, location, movement and absolute coordinates
of selected objects. The status bar changes dynamically depending on the action. You
can customize the status bar to show different kinds of information.

The color palette

The color palette allows for the quick application of a colored fill or outline color.
Selecting the scroll bar at the bottom of the palette opens an expanded color palette.
You can choose to view any number of different preset color palettes. Alternatively, you

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can place custom palette can be turned off optionally. You can also specify how rows of
colors you want showing.
Page counter
Corel draw allows you to create drawings constituting of multiple pages. The total
number of pages is displayed in the page counter box along with arrows that allow you
to page forward or back in your document.

The standard toolbar

The toolbar provides quick access to commonly used features. Almost all of these can be
accessed through the menu bar. Corel draw provides a series of different toolbars for
your use. Additionally, toolbars are completely customizable. You can add buttons to
invoke just any command that you regularly use.
The more toolbars you display, the less screen area for creating you have , so unless you
have the luxury of 21 monitor, you will probably want to use a single toolbar of your
most often used commands. Over time, we encourage you to memorize certain
keyboard shortcuts which are used consistently across all window programs.
CTRL+S=SAVE; CTRL+P=PRINT; CTRL+Z=UNDO; CTRL+X=CUT; CTRL C=COPY;
CTRL+V=PASTE;
Keyboard shortcuts are often faster than toolbar usage. Once memorized, you wont
need to waste precious space with a toolbar button.

The property bar

The property bar changes dynamically depending on the tool being used the number of
objects being edited. As such, it places at your fingertips (mouse tips) many of the
features which were accessible only through dialog boxes and roll-ups in earlier
versions.
you will get glimpses of its different functions in various exercise throughout this book
but we save a complete discussion of the property bar until chapter 12 because its real
value can’t be appreciated until you learn a few more basics.

The toolbox
The toolbox provides you with (surprises) operational tools. They are briefly
summarized in the graphics on the following pages. We will explore each tool in much
greater detail later in the training.
to facilitate your learning, we have divided these tools into a few basic categories:
1. Utility tools
2. Diagramming objects
3. Interactive tools
4. Painting tools

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Utility tools
The pick tool
1. For selecting objects
2. For moving, rotating and skewing objects.

The shape tool

1. For editing the shapes of the diagramming objects and text.
2. The shape fly out gives you access to knife tool; eraser tool and free transform
tools.

The zoom tool

1. For changing views
2. The zoom fly out gives you access to panning tool.

Diagramming objects
All the following tools are uses of place objects on the page. We call these “diagramming
objects”.
Four tools for creating basic drawing primitives
The freehand (curve) Tool
1. For drawing straight lines, curves
2. For auto-tracing a bitmap image.
3. The freehand fly out gives you access to the Bezier (curve) tool; the natural pen
tool; dimension line tool and connector line tool.
The rectangle tool
It is used for drawing rectangles and squares.

The ellipse tool

It is used for drawing multi-sided shapes like stars or polygons.

The polygon tool

For drawing multi-sided shapes like stars or polygons. The polygon fly out gives you
access to the spiral tool and graph paper tool.

The Text tool

It is used for placing artistic text and paragraph text.

Interactive fill tool

It is used for placing various fills on the page interactively.

Interactive transparency tool(advanced training)

It is used to create transparent effects interactively.

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Interactive blend tool
The interactive blend flies out give you access to the new distortion; interactive envelop,
extrude and drop shadow tools. Two tools to paint the diagramming objects.

The outline tools

1. For setting outline thickness and color
2. For creating line ending attributes
3. For creating calligraphic effects.
4. For applying dash line patterns.
5.
The fill tool
1. For setting fill colors and screens.
2. For creating fountain fills
3. For applying pattern tile fills
4. For applying texture fills.
5. For applying special post script fills.

The status bar

Corel introduced the property bar in version 7, and with it the status bar lost some of its
“status”. It still plays an important role. However, in an attempt to conserve screen
space, Corel has minimized the information being shown in the status bar, making it less
useful. Fortunately, you can customize the status bar back into usefulness, and we
definitely recommend that you do.

Customizing the status bar.

1. With the mouse directly over the status bar, right click the mouse.
2. Choose size two lines.
Even if you only have a 15-inch monitor, the additional information provided in the
larger status bar is well worth the screen space sacrifice.

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WORKING WITH COREL DRAW
Loading the Corel draw application
To access to Corel draw application takes the following steps:
1. Click on the start button.
2. Point to all programs
3. Point to Corel draw graphic suite 12
4. Select Corel draw
Setting up the drawing page
To set the page orientation, take the following stapes.
1. Click layout, page set up
2. On the page set up dialogue box, choose landscapes or portrait.
To set paper paper type or size
1. Click layout, page set up on the dialogue select paper type and size that is A4,
legal, etc.
To insert a page
1. Click layout, insert page
2. Type the number of pages you want to add in the insert pages box
3. Click before or after to specify where you want to add the page relative to the
active page.
To rename a drawing page.
1. Click layout, rename page
2. Type the name of page in the page name box
3. Click ok

To delete a page, do the following

1. Click layout, delete page
2. Type the number of the page you want to delete in the delete box
3. Click OK

To set a bleed limit.

1. Click file, print
2. Click the layout tab
3. Enable the bleed limit check box
4. Type a bleed limit in the bleed limit box.

To color a page background

1. Click layout, page setup
2. In the list of categories, click background.
3. Enable the solid button
4. Choose the color you want from the list box.

To color a page background using a bitmap

1. Enable the bitmap button

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 2. Click the browse button
3. Choose the file format of the bitmap you want to import from the files of type
box.
4. Choose the drive and folder were the file is stored from the look in list box.
5. Double click the folder and the filename

To remove a page background, do the following

1. Click tools, option
2. In the list of categories, double click document, page and click background
3. Enable the no background

To hide or display the page border

1. Click tools options
2. In the list categories, double click document and click page.
To draw a curve with the freehand tool
1. Open the curve flyout and click the freehand tool
2. Position the cursor where you want the cure to start
3. Drag to draw the curve

To draw a straight line with the freehand tool

1. Open the curve flyout, click on the freehand tool
2. Click where you want the line to begin
3. Click where you want the line to end

To select all nodes

1. Click the shape tool
2. Hold down CTRL SHIFT
3. Click any node one on the object.

To break a path
1. Select the curve object with the shape tool
2. Using the shape tool, click where you want to break the path
3. Click the break curve button on the property bar

Splitting an object with the knife tool

1. Open the shape edit fly out, click the knife tool
2. Select the object you want to split
3. Click on any point of the curve and then click on another with the knife tool
4. Select pick tool
5. Move parts of the objects

To save a new drawing

1. Click file, save or save as

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 2. Choose a drive and folder where you want to save your drawing from the save in
list box. If necessary
3. Type a name in the file name box in the case MY FIRST COREL DRAW FILE.
4. Click ok

Exiting Corel draw

To leave the Corel draw environment, take the following actions:
1. Save your drawing (in Corel draw you document is called a drawing)
2. Click on file menu and select exit.

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MAINTENANCE, ETHICS AND HUMAN ISSUES
Maintenance of Computer 1
Objectives
At the end of this topic, you are expected to have known:
Explain and carry out basic computer maintenance procedures

General Computer Cleaning

Cleaning Mouse
Step 1: Disconnect the mouse cable from the back of computer case
Step 2: Lightly dampen a cleaning cloth with isopropyl alcohol and wipe down the
outside of the computer mouse and mouse pad.
Step 3: Remove the bottom cover of the mouse. To do this, turn it over and note the
directional arrows that indicate the direction of rotation, or how to slide it off. Press
with your fingers in the direction of the arrows and then turn the mouse right side up,
letting the cover and mouse ball drop into your hand.
Step 4: Wipe the computer mouse ball with link-free cloth dampened with isopropyl
alcohol. Put it aside.
Step 5:Dampen a swab with isopropyl alcohol and clean between, around and on top of
the keys. Change swabs as they become dirty. You may need several swabs.
Step 6: Replace the mouse ball and cover
Step 7: Wipe the mouse cord. Lightly dampen a cleaning cloth with mild soap solution
and gently pull the cord through the cloth. Too tight a grip may damage it. Dry the cord
with a dry cloth.
Step 8: Plug the mouse back into the computer.

How to clean your Monitor

Step 1: Unplug the power supply cord and cable from the back of the monitor and allow
it to cool for at least 20 minutes.
Step 2: Vacuum the outside of the monitor, particularly the cooling grooves, holes or
slots in the top surface where heavy dust or other debris may have been collected. If you
don’t have vacuum, blow canned, or compressed air in shorts puffs at an angle to the
monitor surface. The goal is to remove dust and dirt without letting anyone fall into the
ventilation holes.
Step 3: Lightly dampen a cloth with a mild soap solution and wipe down the outside
plastic portions of the computer monitor.
Step 4: Clean the monitor cables and power cord while they are disconnected. Lightly
dampen a cloth with mild soup solution and gently pull the cables and cord through the
cloth. Too tight a grip may damage the cables. Dry the cables and power cords with a
dry cloth.
Step 5: Check the documentation or call the manufacturer to find out if your monitor
screen has ani-glare, or other delicate coatings. If so, ask the manufacturer for cleaning
instructions. If it does not have these special coatings you may spray a window cleaner
unto a lint-free cloth and wipe it clean. Do not spray directly onto the screen. Chemicals

16
may drip inside the monitor and damage it.
Step 6: For dusty or dirty manufacturing environments, use a computer monitor dust
cover to protect the monitor.

How to clean a keyboard

Step 1: Remove the cable from the back of the computer case
Step 2: Use a vacuum cleaner to remove food, dust and debris from between keys. If no
vacuum is available, turn the keyboard upside down and gently tap on the back side to
dislodge debris.
Step 3: Aim between the keys and blow canned, or compressed air to remove remaining
dust and debris. Use short puffs of air applied to about a 30-45-degree angle to the
keyboard surface. Alternate between the keys and tapping the keyboard upside down to
dislodge particles until it is clean.
Step 4: Lightly dampen a cloth with a mild soap solution and wipe down the upside
down the outside of the keyboard. Do not spray soap solution directly onto the
keyboard.
Step 5: Dampen a swab with isopropyl alcohol and clean between, around and on top of
the keys. Change swabs as they become dirty. You may need several swabs.
Step 6: Wipe the keyboard cord. Lightly dampen a cleaning cloth with mild soap
solution and gently pull the cord through the cloth. Too tight a tap may damage it. Dry
the cord with a dry cloth.
Step 7: For dusty or dirty manufacturing environments a good keyboard cover is
recommended.

Battery charging and replacement

How to Charge a Laptop Battery
You must charge your laptop battery to keep it operational. You charge your laptop
battery by plugging the laptop into a wall socket. You can recharge your battery
whether the battery is fully drained or not. In a pinch, a rapid charge can save time.
Otherwise, you want a nice, full, slow charge for your laptop’s battery. Other
battery-charging points are as follows.
1. You can recharge your laptop’s battery whether the battery is fully drained or
not. Especially if your laptop is using a lithium-ion battery, it makes no
difference.
2. Lithium-ion batteries have a rapid-charging option. This option is available
either on a custom tab inside the Power Options dialog box or from special
battery software that came with your laptop.
3. Leave your laptop plugged into the wall socket whenever possible
4. There is no need to fully drain your laptop’s lithium-ion battery every time you
use it.
5. The battery continues to charge even when the laptop is turned off.
6. It doesn’t take longer to recharge the battery if you use the laptop while

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 recharging.

Replacement of Laptop Battery

Today’s laptop computer batteries are made with lithium ion chemistry, which has
many advantages. They are the lightest of all the metals and they are not nearly as
harmful on the environment as batteries of the past. It is the most technologically
advanced battery, but unfortunately with time you will need a replacement laptop
battery. The average laptop battery last anywhere between 300-500 charge cycles
before it is unable to hold a charge and replacement is needed.

DVD drive lens cleaning

1. Purchase a CD/DVD laser lens cleaning kit. The kits itself is comprised of a single
disc that is designed to spin in your drive and remove all dust from the lens.
2. Place the CD/DVD laser lens cleaning inside your DVD drive’s tray. Close the tray
and allow the CD to spin in the drive. As it spins, it will clear your lens of most, if
not all, of the dust that is on it.
3. Purchase a can of spray air. As an extra precaution, open your drive’s disc tray
and gently spray a can of spray air into it. This will remove any of the big pieces
of dust that may be lurking inside the tray.
4. Try to read or write a DVD one again. Once you’ve cleaned your DVD burner’s
lens, all you have left to do is attempt to use it normally. All of the problems
you’ve been having should now be fixed.

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