UM-4590 - 4590 User Manual - Ed 3.4

Manual of Operation and Instruction
EGauge™
Model 4590
Soil Density Gauge
Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc.

3008 Cornwallis Rd. • P.O. Box 12057
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Phone: 1.877.TROXLER
Outside the USA: +1.919.549.8661
Fax: +1.919.549.0761
www.troxlerlabs.com
Troxler products are protected by U.S. and foreign Patents
Copyright  2020-2021
Troxler Electronic Laboratories,
Inc. All Rights Reserved
No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in

any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording, or information storage
and retrieval systems, for any purpose without the express
written permission of Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc.
Magnalube-G is a registered trademark of Magnalube, Inc.

BindOff is a registered trademark of Chemical Solutions, Inc.
Doc UM-4590
PN 128990
March 2021
Edition 3.4
ii
SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL
The Safety Alert Symbol shall appear within this manual. Wherever it
appears in this manual or on safety signs affixed to the machine, this is
to make all aware of the potential for personal injury and to be cautious
when these images are present.
Always observe all WARNING, CAUTION, and NOTE recommendations
listed within this manual before operating the machine.
Model 4590 iii

TROXLER SERVICE CENTERS
Troxler Corporate Headquarters (North Carolina)
3008 E. Cornwallis Road
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
1-877-TROXLER (1-877-876-9537)
1-919-549-8661
www.troxlerlabs.com
Technical Support Minnesota
1-877-TROXLER (1-877-876-9537) 9835 13th Avenue North
+1-919-549-8661 Plymouth, MN 55441
[email protected] 1-763-600-6540
[email protected]
California (Northern)
Louisiana
11300 Sanders Drive, Ste. 7
12180 Greenwell Springs Road
Rancho Cordova, CA 95742 Baton Rouge, LA 70814
1-916-631-0234
1-225-218-4703
[email protected] [email protected]
California (Southern) Texas (Dallas Area)
701 South Gifford Avenue, Ste. 101 2016 E. Randol Mill Road, Ste. 406
San Bernardino, CA 92408 Arlington, TX 76011
1-909-890-1069 1-817-275-0571
Florida (Orlando) Texas (Houston Area)
531 Holts Lake Court 25000 Central Parkway, Ste. L
Orlando, FL 32703 Houston, TX 77092
1-407-681-4221 1-832-519-9343
Florida (Fort Myers) Illinois
1681 Benchmark Avenue, Ste. 100 1430 Brook Drive
Fort Myers, FL 33905 Downers Grove, IL 60515
1-239-215-1146 1-630-261-9304
Troxler Electronic Technologies Troxler Europe & Service Center
Zhangjiagang (ZJG) Troxler Electronics GmbH
West No. 1 Waldstrasse 4, D. 82239 Alling nr.
North 2nd Ring Munich, Germany
Jiangsu, China 615200 Phone: ++ 49.8141.71063
Fax: ++49.8141.80731
Ohio
[email protected]
6969 Worthington Galena Rd, Suite C,
Columbus, OH 43085
[email protected]
NOTE
To locate an independent, Troxler-authorized service partner near you,
call 1-877-TROXLER.
iv
ABOUT THIS MANUAL
The Model 4590 Manual of Operation and Instruction provides
detailed information about this gauge. The manual includes
product safety information, as well as instructions for the
proper installation and use of the Model 4590 gauge.
This manual is organized as follows:
Chapter 1, Introduction – Provides information on the safe use
of the gauge; a brief overview of the unit and its features; a list
of parts and accessories; and instructions for unpacking and
inspection.
Chapter 2, Theory of Operation – Provides a brief description
of how the gauge’s operations work in relation to their sources.
Chapter 3, Gauge Setup – Describes the keypad and provides
instructions for setting up, starting, and operating the gauge.
Chapter 4, Using the Gauge – Describes taking a standard
count, preparing the test site, and taking measurements.
Chapter 5, Setup Menu – Describes the options available from
the Setup menu.
Chapter 6, Target Menu – Describes the options available from
the Target menu.
Chapter 7, Calibration Offsets – Provides procedures for
taking density, moisture, and trench offsets.
Chapter 8, Project Data – Describes the options available from
the Project menu.
Chapter 9, Extended Menu – Describes the options available
from the Extended menu.
Model 4590 v
Appendix A, Maintenance & Troubleshooting – Provides
maintenance and service information, as well as instructions for
basic troubleshooting.
Appendix B, Specifications – Contains mechanical, electrical,
and environmental performance specifications.
Appendix C, Transporting and Shipping – Provides
information about shipping requirements for the United States
and Canada.
Appendix D, Radiation Safety & Theory – Provides a radiation
primer, regulatory requirements, and gauge safety precautions.
Appendix E, Unit Conversion – Provides conversions for
measurement and radiological units.
Appendix F, Standard Count Log – Use this form to record
your standard count readings.
Appendix G, Global Positioning System (GPS) – Describes the
accuracy of the optional GPS feature.
vi
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
Congratulations on the purchase of the Troxler Model 4590
Surface Density Gauge.
The Model 4590 Manual of Operation and Instruction contains
information on how the Model 4590 operates and provides
directions on the use of this gauge. Site selection, basic
parameter setup, moisture and density determination, data
storage, and advanced operations are included, along with
radiological information and system troubleshooting.
Model 4590 vii

CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL
Throughout this manual the following symbols and special
formatting are used to reveal the purpose of the text.
WARNING
Warnings indicate conditions or procedures that,
if not followed correctly, may cause personal
injury.
CAUTION
Cautions indicate conditions or procedures that, if not
followed correctly, may cause equipment damage.
NOTE
Notes indicate important information that must be
read to ensure proper operation.
〈KEY〉 This style indicates a key or character to press on the

gauge keypad.
DISPLAY–Typestyle and
shading used to simulate
the control panel display
1. Indicates a procedure with multiple steps.

♦ Indicates a list of things needed (such as equipment)or
important points to know.
♦ Indicates that more than one option is available. Carefully
select the option that applies.
vii
viii
CAUTIONS AND WARNINGS
When not taking measurements, always keep the source
rod in the SAFE position. For added operator safety, the
source rod on the gauge retracts to the SAFE position
when the gauge is picked up by the handle.
Do not store or transport the gauge unless the handle is
raised to the safe position and locked. Increased radiation
levels may violate transportation regulations and cause
excessive personnel exposure.
Units intended for use in countries that are members of
the European Community are shipped with an AC adapter,
Troxler part number 108354.
Gauge cover is to be removed by trained service

personnel only. There are no user-serviceable
components inside. Note that components behind the
cover can have voltage potentials in excess of 50 volts
during normal operation of the gauge.
Appendix D, Radiation Theory and Safety should be read
carefully and understood before using the gauge.
The Model 4590 gauges are not waterproof. Do not use
them in the rain. If the gauge gets wet, make sure it is
completely dry before sealing it in the case for storage.
Even small amounts of moisture can get into the body of
the gauge and cause damage. See Troubleshooting on
page-A-2 for more information.
viii
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................... 1–1

Introduction .............................................................................................. 1–2
Regulations and Licensing .................................................................... 1–4
Gauge Parts and Accessories............................................................... 1–5
Unpacking and Inspection .................................................................... 1–7
CHAPTER 2: THEORY OF OPERATION ........................... 2–1

Mode of Operation................................................................................. 2–2
Moisture Measurements ....................................................................... 2–3
Calibration ................................................................................................. 2–4
Offsets ........................................................................................................ 2–5
CHAPTER 3: PREPARING FOR USE .................................. 3–1

Gauge Illustration .................................................................................... 3–2
Control Panel............................................................................................ 3–3
Source Rod Positions ............................................................................. 3–5
Charging the Gauge............................................................................... 3–6
Turning the Gauge On .......................................................................... 3–7
Daily Inspection ....................................................................................... 3–9
Selecting Measurement Options ...................................................... 3–10
CHAPTER 4: USING THE GAUGE ...................................... 4–1

Site Preparation ....................................................................................... 4–2
Taking the Standard Count .................................................................. 4–5
Taking Measurements.......................................................................... 4–13
Recall ........................................................................................................ 4–20
CHAPTER 5: SETUP MENU ................................................. 5–1

Model 4590 ix
x
Setup Menu .............................................................................................. 5–2
Count Time ............................................................................................... 5–3
BGD Count Time ..................................................................................... 5–3
Initialize Freq. ........................................................................................... 5–3
Moisture Input.......................................................................................... 5–5
Options ...................................................................................................... 5–5
% Air Voids ............................................................................................... 5–6
Moisture Probe ........................................................................................ 5–7
Stat Test ................................................................................................... 5–11
Drift Test .................................................................................................. 5–12
GPS ............................................................................................................ 5–17
Measurement Order............................................................................. 5–19
Set Units ................................................................................................... 5–19
Depth Mode ........................................................................................... 5–19
Battery Status ......................................................................................... 5–20
Batt. Preference ..................................................................................... 5–20
Bluetooth Mode .................................................................................... 5–21
CHAPTER 6: TARGET MENU.............................................. 6–1

Target Menu ............................................................................................. 6–2
CHAPTER 7: CALIBRATION OFFSETS.............................. 7–1

About Offsets ........................................................................................... 7–2
Density Offset ........................................................................................... 7–4
Trench Offset ............................................................................................ 7–6
Moisture Probe Offset ........................................................................... 7–7
CHAPTER 8: PROJECT DATA ............................................. 8–1

Project Menu ............................................................................................ 8–2
x
xi
Select a Project ........................................................................................ 8–3
View Project Data .................................................................................... 8–4
Create a Project ....................................................................................... 8–5
Erase Projects ........................................................................................... 8–6
Output Project ......................................................................................... 8–7
Set Output Destination .......................................................................... 8–9

Deactivate a Project.............................................................................. 8–11
Auto-Store .............................................................................................. 8–12
Manual Store .......................................................................................... 8–14
CHAPTER 9: EXTENDED MENU ........................................ 9–1

Extended Menu........................................................................................ 9–2
Clock/Calendar ........................................................................................ 9–3
Source Decay ........................................................................................... 9–7
Erase Standard Counts .......................................................................... 9–8
Low Battery Warning.............................................................................. 9–9
Software Reset ....................................................................................... 9–10
Show Calibration Constants ............................................................... 9–11
Test Menu................................................................................................ 9–12
APPENDIX A: MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTINGA-1

Troubleshooting...................................................................................... A-2
Batteries ..................................................................................................... A-9
Mechanical Maintenance ....................................................................A-12
Replacement Parts ................................................................................A-14
Returning the Gauge for Service ......................................................A-16
Model 4590 xiixi

APPENDIX B: SPECIFICATIONS.................................. B-1
Measurement Specifications .................................................................B-2
Radiological Specifications ....................................................................B-3
Electrical Specifications...........................................................................B-4
Mechanical Specifications ......................................................................B-5
xii
xiii
APPENDIX C: TRANSPORTING & SHIPPING ................... C-1
U.S. Shipping Requirements................................................................. C-2
Accident Notification Requirements .................................................. C-4
APPENDIX D: RADIATION THEORY & SAFETY............D-1

Radiological Information....................................................................... D-2
Leak Testing.............................................................................................. D-4
Training ...................................................................................................... D-5
Disposal...................................................................................................... D-6
Emergency Procedures ......................................................................... D-7
Gauge Use Precautions ......................................................................... D-9
APPENDIX E: UNIT CONVERSION ..............................E-1

Measurement Units .................................................................................E-3
APPENDIX F: STANDARD COUNT LOG ...........F-1

Standard Count Log................................................................................ F-2
Moisture Probe Offset Worksheet....................................................... F-4
APPENDIX G: GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)..G-1

GPS Accuracy ........................................................................................... G-2
INDEX
WARRANTY
xii
xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. 4590 Gauge and Standard Accessories ........................... 1–6
Figure 2. Model 4590 Gauge Components ..................................... 3–2
Figure 3. Model 4590 Control Panel .................................................. 3–3
Figure 4. Source Rod Positions............................................................ 3–5
Figure 5. Drill Rod Positioning ............................................................. 4–3
Figure 6. Marking the Test Area .......................................................... 4–4
Figure 7. Gauge Position on Soil ......................................................... 4–9
Model 4590 xiii

xv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Model 4590 Keypad Functions ............................................ 3–4
Table 2. Spreadsheet Column Definitions ........................................ 8–8
Table 3. Error Messages ........................................................................ A-6
Table 4. Typical Battery Operating Life............................................. A-9
Table 5. GPS Position Accuracy ..........................................................G-4
xiv
xvi
ATTENTION MODEL 4590 GAUGE OWNER
This unit contains functions that require an Access Code

to be entered. This allows some control over the access
to these functions. If you would like management to
retain this control, remove this page upon receipt of the
gauge and file it somewhere safe.
THE ACCESS CODE IS FOR THIS GAUGE IS:
5838
Model 4590 xv
xvii
NOTES
xvi
xviii
Chapter 1:
Introduction
This chapter covers the following topics and tasks:
 An introduction to your new Model 4590 gauge

 Inspecting and unpacking
 Included parts and accessories
Model 4590 1-1

Introduction
The Model 4590 Surface Density Gauge uses the latest
engineering, design, and manufacturing techniques. This gauge
uses a gamma-ray transmission method of measuring the
specific gravity and density of soil and soil aggregate bases.
When the moisture content of the material is known, the gauge
can determine the dry density.
The density measurement method used in the Model 4590 is
based on the scattering and absorption properties of gamma
rays with matter. This gauge uses a 3.3 MBq (90-μCi) cesium-
137 (Cs-137) gamma-ray source and a sodium iodide (NaI)
scintillation gamma ray detector. The gamma ray source is
securely placed at one end of the source rod. The detector is
located inside the gauge housing.
The gamma-ray method also known as the nuclear method of
measuring density of soil and soil-aggregate bases has been
approved by the American Society of Testing and Materials
(ASTM). The Model 4590 gauge complies with ASTM D8167,
Standard Test Method for In-Place Bulk Density of Soil and
Soil-Aggregate by a Low-Activity Nuclear Method (Shallow
Depth).
NOTE
This gauge does not have a backscatter mode;
therefore, it cannot be used on asphalt pavements.
Using the Model 4590 gauge, you can precisely measure

the moisture content and density of construction
materials. The gauge features:
♦ Over 30 functions to facilitate all phases of testing
compaction on construction materials.
♦ A backlit LCD screen to help you read the display during
night construction.
♦ Easy-to-use keypad and user-friendly menus to reduce
training time to increase productivity.
♦ A remote keypad, including a 〈START〉 and 〈ESC〉 key, at
the top of its source rod housing. These keys perform the
same function as the keys on the control panel.
1–2
♦ An internally mounted beeper, which emits a short tone in
response to a valid keystroke on the keypad. The beeper
sounds a longer tone if you press an invalid key, if the gauge
displays an error message, or to signal the conclusion of a
measurement.
♦ A USB port that can be used to output data to a USB printer
or storage device (flash drive or external hard drive).
♦ A serial port used to connect the gauge to a computer or
printer for data transfer and printing.
♦ Calibration offsets (density and trench) to expand
measurement possibilities, and to enhance gauge readings
on materials that may fall outside the range of factory
calibration.
Model 4590 1–3

Regulations and Licensing
The receipt, possession, use, and transfer of the Troxler Model
4590 are exempt from licensing by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (US NRC) or Agreement States.
NOTE
International communities should follow local
regulations regarding products utilizing radioactive
materials. Hazmat training is required for shipping
hazardous material, for more information visit
www.troxlerlabs.com/safety.
Owners are encouraged to require study of this manual before

allowing anyone to use the gauge. A potential hazard does exist
if improperly used. Appendix D, which covers radiological safety
and transportation requirements, should be required reading
for all users and potential users. If these appendices are not
completely understood, users should seek assistance from
Troxler, an appointed Troxler representative, or others
designated within the user’s organization.
Additional radiation safety information is available by attending
a Troxler Nuclear Gauge Safety Training Course. For pricing and
availability of these courses, call 1-877-TROXLER (1-877-876-
9537).
1–4
Gauge Parts and Accessories
Use Figure 1 and the list below to identify the gauge and parts as
they are unpacked.
♦ The Model 4590 is the portable surface density gauge
containing a radioactive source, electronics, and
rechargeable battery packs. The gauge serial number
appears on the gauge handle, as well as on the calibration,
gauge, and warranty certificates (found on the back page of
this manual).
♦ The Scraper Plate/Drill Rod Guide is used to prepare the
test site. It is used to guide the drill rod in preparing a hole
for the source rod for direct transmission measurements.
♦ The Drill Rod is used to drill a hole for direct transmission
measurements. Under no circumstances should the source
rod be used to drill holes.
♦ The Drill Rod Extraction Tool provides leverage to remove
the drill rod from clays and other soil materials.
♦ The Moisture Probe allows you to take soil moisture
measurements without a nuclear source. Refer to the Quick
Reference card for more information.
♦ The AC Charger and DC Adapter are used to charge the
gauge batteries. The AC charger accepts 90 – 220 V AC,
50/60 Hz and supplies 12 V DC. The DC adapter allows
recharging from an automobile cigarette lighter.
♦ The Transport Case is specially fitted for safe transport of
the 4590 and associated parts. The case is water-resistant
but is not watertight. In case of inclement weather, the case
should be protected with some type of covering to prevent
intrusion of rain, etc. Always use this transport case when
transporting or shipping the gauge.
♦ Manual of Operation and Instruction
♦ Calibration Documents
♦ Gauge Certificate.
Model 4590 1–5

Figure 1. 4590 Gauge and Standard Accessories
1–6
Unpacking and Inspection
Upon receipt of the gauge from the factory, perform a complete
inspection and inventory. If the shipping case and/or any other
part or accessory appears damaged, immediately notify the
carrier and your Troxler representative 1-877-TROXLER (1-
877-876-9537).
Save the box and any packing material for shipping to another
location or back to the factory. For shipping instructions and
regulations, please see Appendix C.
Inspection
Upon receiving the Model 4590 from the factory, perform a
complete inspection and inventory as described below.
♦ Gauge
♦ Drill Rod
♦ Scraper Plate/Drill Rod Guide
♦ Extraction Tool
♦ AC Charger
♦ DC Adapter
♦ Manual of Operation and Instruction
♦ Gauge Certificate
♦ Transportation Guide
Lift the gauge from the transport case and inspect the outside
surfaces for damage. Check the lock on the source rod handle
and make sure the keys fit. Remove the lock, release the trigger,
and check the source rod operation. It should move up and
down with little effort. Return to the safe position, replace the
handle lock and return the gauge to the transport case.
Model 4590 1–7

1–8
Chapter 2:
Theory of Operation
 Mode of operation
 Direct transmission
 Overview of density and moisture measurements
 Offsets
Model 4590 2–1

Mode of Operation
The Troxler Model 4590 Surface Density Gauge uses direct
transmission mode. Source rod positions are described in Figure
4 on page 3–5.
In the direct transmission mode, the source rod extends through
the base of the gauge into a pre-drilled hole to a desired depth.
Photons from the cesium-137 (Cs-137) source in the source rod
pass through the test material, the photons collide with
electrons and lose their energy. A high material density
increases the probability of these photon collisions. This
decreases the number of photons that reach the highly efficient
gamma ray detector in the base of the gauge.
Thus, the number of photons reaching the detectors is inversely
related to the density of the material; the higher the density of
the material, the fewer the photons that reach the detectors.
Using the gauge calibration, the gauge software converts the
detector counts to a density value.
2–2
Moisture Measurements
The Troxler Model 6760 Moisture Probe, supplied with the
Model 4590 EGauge, uses dielectric measurement technology
to indicate the moisture content of the soil being measured. If a
moisture value is known by the gauge the moisture content,
percent moisture and Dry Density value can be reported and
the % Proctor can also be calculated. The EGauge also allows
the moisture value (%M) to be entered using the keypad if
another moisture measurement method is specified.
The probe is approx. 5.5 inches (14 cm) in length and the
moisture measurement occurs from 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) to the
bottom (tip) of the probe. The probe is inserted in the same
predrilled hole that the EGauge uses for the density
measurements. It is important that the probe be inserted in the
predrilled hole carefully as it requires a tight fit in order to
achieve a reliable reading. For this reason, it may be best to
perform the density measurement first because the probe could
damage the hole.
The EGauge is preprogrammed with 3 generic soil profiles:
General, Clay and Cr. Aggregate. General is best used when
measuring granular and non-clay type materials, Clay is used on
materials classified as clay and the Crushed Aggregate profile is
for aggregate subbase material. It is also recommended that the
user adjust the probe readings to the particular material being
measured using either the Moisture Probe Calibration or the
Moisture Probe Offset. This will ensure the most accurate
results.
The Moisture Offset is a simple procedure and generally works
well to adjust the probe to measure moisture of most typical fill
materials. The Moisture Probe Calibration is another option
that requires a bit more work and can be used in situations
where the material may have a wide range of moisture values.
Model 4590 2–3

The Probe uses electromagnetic technology for measuring
moisture content. For a given material, the dielectric property
can be correlated with its moisture content. With a suitable
calibration the probe can be used for measuring moisture
content of a soil material. Figure 1.1 demonstrates how the
probe should fit into the predrilled hole to obtain a reliable
result.
Figure 1.1: Probe in Measurement Mode
2–4
Calibration
Troxler calibrates the gauge at the factory and recommends that
it is always calibrated by an authorized Troxler service center. A
list of Troxler and authorized Troxler service centers are
provided at the front of this manual or at:
www.troxlerlabs.com/services.
The calibration range of the gauge’s density measurements is
from 1750 to 2700 kg/m3 (approximately 110 to 170 pcf).
NOTE
Moisture content of the measured material can be
determined with an external device, such as the
Troxler Moisture Probe Model 6760 (included). Other
manual methods, such as an oven dry, may also be
used. If the Model 6760 is used, it is strongly
recommended that the results are compared to an
alternative moisture measurement and an offset
applied if needed (see p. 7-7) or a calibration profile
generated (see p. 5-15)
Model 4590 2–5

Offsets
The factory calibration provides accurate results for the
majority of materials encountered in construction. If the gauge
is to be used to test materials not covered by the factory
calibration, the readings can be adjusted using an offset.
Perform a density offset if the test material is outside the density
range for average soil or if the material composition varies from
average soil.
Vertical structures may scatter gamma photons back to the
gauge. This could result in inaccurate density readings. To take
readings in a trench or within 0.6 m (2 ft.) of a large vertical
structure, perform a trench offset.
A moisture offset is commonly used with the EGauge. When the
provided probe is used for moisture readings due to the fact
that the factory calibration profiled do not provide accurate
results for all soils that are used for fill. This offset should also
be used when the moisture content of a laboratory sample
differs from the reading provided by the Troxler Moisture
Probe Model 6760 (included).
2–6
Chapter 3:
Preparing for Use
 Overview of the control panel

 Source rod positions
 Daily inspection
 Turning the gauge on
 Setting up the gauge for the first time
Model 4590 3–1

Gauge Illustration
The following figure shows the various components of the gauge
that are referred to throughout this manual.
Figure 2. Model 4590 Gauge Components
3–2
Control Panel
The gauge control panel shown below contains the LED screen
and keypad.
The keypad allows you to access the gauge software. Troxler has
designed the keypad for ease of use with larger keys and anti-
glare coating. Pressing a menu key activates that menu only
when the Ready screen is displayed. Table 1 explains the
functions of each key on the keypad.
Figure 3. Model 4590 Control Panel
Model 4590 3–3

Table 1. Model 4590 Keypad Functions
KEY MENU
〈STORE〉 Store most recent data in the current project.
〈RECALL〉 Display the most recent data.
Select or create a project file and view,
〈PROJ〉
output, or erase project data file.
〈STATUS〉 Displays gauge status information.
〈SETUP〉 Displays the gauge Setup menu.
〈OFFSET〉 Enable, disable, or change an offset.
〈TARGET〉 Select, enter, or disable a Proctor.
〈MODE〉 Take a background count.
〈STD〉 Take a standard count.
〈SPACE〉 Enter a space.
〈LIGHT〉 Manually toggle the LCD backlight on or off.
〈YES〉 Respond yes to yes/no questions.
〈NO〉 Respond no to yes/no questions.

Return the display to the Ready screen
〈ESC〉
without storing or updating the data.
〈0〉 .. 〈9〉 Enter numbers and access menu options.
〈.〉 Enter a decimal point.
〈ALPHA LOCK〉 Access the letters.
〈BACK SPACE〉 Moves cursor back one space.
〈↑〉, 〈↓〉 Scroll through menu options or view screens.
〈ENTER/START〉 Accept data entry or begin a measurement.
3–4
Source Rod Positions
As shown below, the source rod can be placed in the SAFE
position, background (BGD) position, or the direct transmission
position. When not taking measurements, keep the source rod in
the SAFE position at all times.
Safe Position
Background
Direct
Transmission
Figure 4. Source Rod Positions

In the background and direct transmission positions, the source
rod extends into a pre-drilled hole described in the next chapter.
Model 4590 3–5

Charging the Gauge
The gauge is equipped with a rechargeable nickel-metal hydride
(NiMH) battery pack containing five C batteries. Before turning
on the gauge, charge the battery for about 3 hours.
To charge the NiMH batteries:
1. Plug the AC charger or DC adapter into the charger
connector under the gauge’s Port Cover (see Figure 3 on
page 3–3). The battery charge indictor icon ( ) appears on
the top-right of the display.
If using the AC charger, plug the other end of the charger
into a standard 100–240 V AC outlet.
If using the DC adapter, connect the other end to any 12-14
V DC source (such as a vehicle's power receptacle).
2. After the gauge is fully charged (approximately 3 hours),
unplug the AC charger or DC adapter and store for later use.
For more information about batteries, see the Batteries section
on page A-9.
3–6
Turning the Gauge On
NOTE
Charge the batteries for three to four hours prior to
initial use.
The gauge uses rechargeable NiMH batteries as a power source.

Press the power switch to turn the gauge to the on position.
When powered on the display screen fills with test characters
before proceeding to the two-second self-test phase.
Afterwards, the gauge enters a 300-second warm-up period.
During the warm-up period, the gauge displays the gauge model
number, software version, serial number, company name (if
programmed), and progress (in seconds) of the warm-up.
After the self-test, press any key to enter the Ready mode.
-Model 4590-
Battery xx Volts xx
Vx.xx SN: xxx
The gauge returns to the Ready mode when the gauge is ready to
proceed to another menu. The screen displays:
i*-READY-
01-01-2014 12:21 PM
Prj: TROXLER
Press <START>
Model 4590 3–7

NOTE
The symbol in the upper right of the display

indicates that the Bluetooth is enabled and connected
to the Moisture probe or other Bluetooth device.
The symbol in the upper right of the display

indicates that the GPS is enabled.
The symbol in the upper right-hand corner indicates
that the AC charger or DC adapter are connected to the
charger connector under the gauge’s Port Cover.
The symbol i* in the upper left of the display indicates

that the gauge will need to initialize before the next
reading.
After five hours of no activity, the gauge automatically performs

a total power shutdown.
3–8
Daily Inspection
The gauge should be inspected daily before use to ensure
proper operation of all safety features.
Ensure that the handle is in the Safe position and a lock
is in place to prevent unauthorized use and exposure of
the source.
For more information regarding radiation does refer to
page D-2.
Model 4590 3–9

Selecting Measurement Options
After turning the gauge on, you can set several parameters,
including:
• Measurement Count Time
• Background Count Time
• Measurement Units
• Automatic or Manual Depth Modes
• Moisture Input Method
• Measurement Order
• Date and Time
• User ID
• Initialization frequency
These parameters may need to be changed from time to time
depending on the intended use of the gauge.
Additionally, the gauge offers a Status function that enables you
to view selected information about the current gauge status and
setup. To access this function, press the 〈STATUS〉 key.
The gauge displays two screens of information, including the
measurement units, count time, measurement mode, battery
status, Gmb (Marshall) value, Proctor value, Gmm (Voidless
density) value, and measurement depth. Use the arrow keys to
scroll between the two screens.
To begin, press the 〈SETUP〉 key. For information on all of the
functions available from the Setup menu, see Chapter 5:
Setup Menu.
Setting the Count Time

The count time defines how long the gauge measures. Longer
count times produce better measurement precision. Troxler
recommends a count time of two minutes for most sample
measurements.
3–10
To change the count time, press 〈1〉 at the Setup menu. The
gauge displays:
1. 1 min
2. 2 min *
3. 3 min
4. 4 min
5. 30 sec Quick Rdg
Select the desired count time using the corresponding number
key. The gauge sets the new count time and returns to the Setup
menu.
NOTE:
The active selection is noted by the asterisk
All count times may be used for depth 2 through 8 inches. For
depths 9,10,11, and 12, 3- and 4-minute count times may be
used. Due to the low source activity these count times must be
used to achieve reliable results. The gauge sets the new count
time and returns to the Setup menu
Setting the Background Count Time

The background count time defines how long the gauge
measures the background radiation. There are four options
provided for background time. Background radiation affects
readings; a new background count is necessary when
background environment or testing material changes.
To change the background count time, Press 〈2〉 at the Setup
menu. The gauge displays:
1. 1 min*
2. 2 min
3. 3 min
4. 4 min
A one-minute background count is the default setting and the

recommended setting.
Model 4590 3–11

Setting Measurement Units
The gauge can display measurement results in either U.S. units
pounds per cubic foot (pcf) or metric (SI) units (kg/m3 or
g/cm3). To select the units, press 〈3〉 at the Options menu. The
gauge displays:
- UNITS –
1. Pcf *
2. kg/m3
3. g/cm3
Select the new units using the corresponding number key. The
gauge sets the new units and returns to the Setup menu.
NOTE:
3–12
Setting the Automatic or Manual Depth Mode
The Model 4590 gauge offers two depth modes: Automatic and
Manual. In the Automatic mode, the gauge software determines
the source rod depth automatically. In the Manual mode, the
operator must enter the source rod depth at a gauge prompt
whenever taking a measurement.
The Depth Mode function allows you to set the depth mode. To
access this function, press 〈4〉 at the Options menu, the gauge
displays:
Mode: Manual
1. Manual
2. Auto
Press # to Select
Select the desired depth mode using the corresponding number

key. After the depth mode is selected, the gauge sets the mode
and returns to the Setup menu.
Model 4590 3–13

Setting the Moisture Input Method
To select how you want to input moisture values, press 〈4〉 from
the Setup menu shown on the previous page. The gauge
displays:
-Moisture Method-
1. External Sensor
2. Manual Input
3. None
 Press 〈1〉 to use an external sensor. Choose this option to

use the provided moisture probe. The gauge displays a
confirmation message and returns to the Moisture Input
menu.
 Press 〈2〉 to input the value manually. Choose this option
to input your percent moisture with each measurement
result. An alternative method will be needed to
determine the soil moisture value. The gauge displays a
3–14
menu.
 Press 〈3〉 to disable the moisture input feature. Results

provide wet density only. The gauge displays a
menu.
Setting the Measurement Order

To select what order the measurements are taken, press 〈2〉
from the Options menu. The gauge displays:
-Moisture Order-
1. Moisture First
2. Gauge First
 Press 〈1〉 to take moisture measurements with the

included probe first. The gauge displays a confirmation
message and returns to the Measurement Order menu.
 Press 〈2〉 to take density measurement readings first. The
gauge displays a confirmation message and returns to the
Measurement Order menu.
In most cases, it is recommended that the density
measurement be performed first because the probe fits
tightly and may cause distortion or damage to the hole.
Setting the Date and Time

The Clock/Calendar function allows you to change the date and
time, and to select the display format for each. This function is
described on page 9–3.
Setting the User ID

The gauge can store a three-character user ID with each
measurement. To enter or change the user ID, refer to page 9–5.
Model 4590 3–15

Chapter 4:
Using the Gauge
 Preparing a test site

 Taking a standard count
 Taking measurements
 Using the Recall function
4–2
4–1
Site Preparation
Preparation of the test site surface is critical to gauge
performance. This section provides site preparation procedures
for soil and base course sites. To ensure the most accurate gauge
readings, the appropriate preparation procedure should be
followed.
Soil and Base Course Preparation

1. Locate a level site free from any large holes, cracks, or debris
(soil surface conditions are critical to accurate
measurements).
2. Smooth the surface by moving the scraper plate in a back
and forth motion. Filler such as fine sand may be used to fill
in the surface voids.
CAUTION
Use only enough filler to fill the voids. Too much filler
will cause an error in the measurement.
3. For direct transmission measurements, put the drill rod

through the extraction tool and then through one of the
guides on the plate (see Figure 5).
WARNING
Under no circumstances should you use the source
rod of the gauge to drill holes. This could result in
breaking or damaging the source rod or providing
inaccurate readings.
4. Wearing safety glasses (or other locally approved safety

devices), step on the plate and hammer the drill rod at least
50 mm (2 in.) deeper than the desired test depth. (The drill
rod increments include the additional depth.)
Model 4590 4–1

4–2
NOTE:
It is very important to drill the hole at least 2 inches
(5 cm) deeper than the measurement depth. The
EGauge source rod is approx. 2 inches longer than
the measurement depth, (the rod extends below the
source). If the hole isn’t deep enough the source rod
cannot be lowered properly into the hole resulting in
erroneous readings.
Figure 5. Drill Rod Positioning

5. Remove the drill rod by pulling straight up and twisting the
extraction tool. Do not loosen the drill rod by tapping
from side to side with a hammer. This will distort the hole
or cause loose material to fall into the hole.
6. Ensure accurate placement of the gauge. Before removing
the scraper plate, mark the test area using the drill rod as
shown in Figure 6. Mark lines in the dirt along two
perpendicular sides of the scraper plate.
Model 4590 4–3

Figure 6. Marking the Test Area
7. Carefully pick up the scraper plate. Be careful not to disturb
the soil around the hole.
8. Position the Gauge on the prepared area inside the
markings.
9. To ensure correct positioning of the Gauge, lower the
source rod into the prepared hole. Use care when
inserting the source rod; do not to disturb the soil
around the hole.
10. Raise the source rod back to the SAFE position.
11. You are now ready to perform your measurement
NOTE:
Perform the standard count at least once a day.
The best practice is to perform the standard count at

the jobsite on the first test site of the day.
4–4
Taking the Standard Count
NOTE:
Before you start any measurements, ensure that no
other gauges are nearby. 30 feet minimum distance is
required.
A daily standard count should be performed to adjust for source
decay, environmental conditions and to check for proper
functioning of the gauge. A four-minute standard count and a
background count help to ensure the highest measurement
accuracy.
The gauge should be turned on 10 minutes before the standard
count is performed to allow all systems to warm up and
stabilize. When practical, turn on the gauge before loading it in
the vehicle so it can warm up during transport to the jobsite and
be ready upon arrival.
Site Requirements
Troxler recommends that the standard count be performed at
the test site on the same soil where readings will be performed
in order to account for background influences.
The test site should meet the following criteria:
♦ A smooth, dry surface such that the EGauge does not rock.
♦ At least 3 meters (10 ft.) from any large vertical surface.
♦ At least 10 meters (33 ft.) from any other radioactive source
such as other nuclear gauges.
♦ On concrete or compacted soil at least 10 centimeters (4 in.)
thick and with a density of at least 1600 kg/m3 (100 pcf).
The Model 4590 gauge is placed directly on the soil when

performing the standard count.
Model 4590 4–5

NOTE
The source rod should always be in the SAFE position
when the gauge is not in use.
Instructions for Taking a Standard Count

The standard count consists of 2 separate 2-minute counts. The first count
occurs with the handle in SAFE position.
During the second part the handle is in background position and the source
rod end protrudes about 1 ½ inches into the prepared hole. This is also
different than other nuclear density gauges.
1. Prepare the test site as instructed on page 4–2.

2. Take a standard count by pressing the 〈STD〉 key.
Standard Count
DS= xxxx BGD= xxxx
Take New Count?
<YES> or <NO>
3. Press 〈YES〉 to start the standard count:
Place Gauge on
Test Site & Source
Rod in SAFE Pos.
Press <START>
4. Make sure the gauge is on the material to be measured and

ensure that the source rod in the SAFE position.
NOTE
If not in correct position this warning displays:
Source Rod
NOT in Safe
Position
Press <ENTER>
If you see this message, place the source rod in the
SAFE position and press <ENTER>.
4–6
5. Press 〈START〉 to begin taking the 2-minute standard
count.
Taking
Standard Ct. Step 1
xxx s
Remaining
NOTE
The standard and background standard must each be
within 1% of the average of the last 4 counts
performed and stored. If the standard count average
is greater than 1%, the standard count fails, and an
error code displays as shown below:
Error Code#:11
Please Refer
to Users Manual
Press <ENTER>
6. When count is finished and passed, the first step results

displays:
Step 1 Ct.= xxxx
<ENTER> to continue
7. Press 〈ENTER〉 to continue:
With Gauge on
Test Site & Source
Rod in Background Pos.
Press <START>
8. Lower the handle to the background position (first notch

below SAFE). The gauge automatically checks whether the
Model 4590 4–7

source rod is in the background position and starts the
second step of the background count.
If the source rod is not in the background position, and if
automatic depth mode is enabled (default setting), it
displays:
Place the source rod to

BGD position and press
ENTER key.
9. When count is complete, raise handle to SAFE position.

10. The gauge checks whether the new standard count meets
the required trend and displays:
Message 1:
New standard count

accepted
Message 2:
New standard count x %

different than the
expected count.
Do you want to accept

the new count?
Yes/No
11. If count is acceptable, the gauge performs the following:

♦ Use the Destiny Standard -Background (DS-BGD) count as the
Active Standard Count.
♦ Assign filenames and archives the acquired data.
♦ Display filenames of this data.
♦ Use the BGD count as the Active Background.
4–8
Figure 7. Gauge Position on Soil
12. If the first attempt fails, check items listed below and retake
standard count. Press 〈STD〉 for the display:
Standard Count
DS= xxxx BGD= xxxx
Take New Count?
<YES> or <NO>
NOTE
Manual mode or auto depth sensor detects correct
position. After count completion, the display is:
DS= xxxx xx.x% (P/F)

BGD= xxx
Do You Want to
Use the New Std.?
13. The P indicated to the right of the percentage figures
indicates that the new counts are within the 1% of the
acceptance limits. If the percentages are not within
these
Model 4590 4–9

limits, an F displays. If you do get an F, or fail, display
check for the following conditions:
♦ Is the source rod in the proper position?
♦ Are any other gauges nearby?
♦ Is the gauge seated correctly on the soil?
♦ Is the base of the gauge and the top of the soil both
smooth and free of debris?
14. If all other conditions are normal, do not accept the
standard count just taken. Press 〈NO〉 and take another
standard count.
NOTE
If the second count also fails, the old standard count
sets should be erased as described in Chapter 7.
Successive standard count failures are usually the
result of a prolonged period between the last
standard count and the new one. This causes the
tolerance to be exceeded because of source decay.
After the old standard counts are erased, four new
standard counts should be taken. Compare the
new standard counts to those shown in the recent
calibration report. The DS should fall into the
range shown by month on pg. 2 of the report. The
standard background count should be within 1%
of that shown on the top of each page of the
report.
15. Press 〈YES〉 to accept the new standard count and enter it
into memory. If 〈NO〉 is pressed, the new count is not
accepted, and the display returns to show the old values.
4–10
NOTE
Compare the new standard counts to those
shown in the recent calibration report The DS
should fall into the range shown by month on pg.
2 of the report. The standard background count
should be within 1% of that shown on the top of
each page of the report.
Viewing the Last Four Standard Counts

1. To view the last four standard counts, press 〈STD〉. The
gauge displays:
Standard Count
DS= xxxx BGD= xxx
Take New Count?
<YES> or <NO>
2. Press 〈NO〉 for this display:
Model 4590 4–11

Standard Count
Want to View
Last Four counts?
<YES> or <NO>
3. Press 〈NO〉 to return to the Ready screen.

4. Press 〈YES〉 to view the last four standard counts.
Density Std. Counts

1:xxxx 2:xxxx
3:xxxx 4:xxxx
<YES> for Background
5. Press 〈YES〉 to view the background standard counts.
Background Std. Counts

1:xxxx 2:xxxx
3:xxxx 4:xxxx
<ENTER> to Continue
6. Press 〈ENTER〉 to return to the Ready screen.
Recording the Standard Count

Troxler recommends keeping a daily log of the density and
background counts (see Appendix F for a sample log).
To verify gauge stability, compare the daily standard count to a
reliable reference as follows:
♦ During the first four days of operation of a new or
recalibrated gauge, compare the daily standard count to the
factory-calibrated values.
♦ After the first four days of operation (or after taking four
standard counts), compare the daily standard count to the
average of the last four counts. Acceptable standard count
limits are:
±1% each day for DS and
±1% each day for Bkg
4–12
After recording the standard counts, press 〈YES〉 to return to the
Ready mode.
NOTE
The factory standard count values should be used as
a reference if the daily standard counts are ever in
question. Be sure to refer to the most recent
calibration report for the gauge in question.
Model 4590 4–13

Taking Measurements
The Model 4590 uses a low-level gamma-ray source and a
highly efficient gamma-ray detector. Ensure that there are no
other nuclear gauges within 30 feet (10 meters) of this
equipment while in use. An excess of background radiation from
a nearby gauge may affect the accuracy of the reading.
CAUTION
When not taking measurements, always keep the
source rod in the SAFE position. The source rod on the
gauge automatically retracts to the SAFE position when
the gauge is lifted by the handle.
The Status function (see page 3–9) allows you to view selected
information concerning the current gauge status and setup. To
access the Status function, press the 〈STATUS〉 key. Check the
gauge’s current status before taking measurements.
Remember to take a standard count at least once each day the
gauge is to be used (see page 4–2). A background count
performed after the density count, should be done at the first
test site each day and any time the material being measured
or the environment changes.
The gauge can store measurement results in files (memory
locations) called projects. For information on creating and
activating project files, refer to Chapter 8. Upon completion of a
measurement, the results can be stored either automatically by
enabling the Auto-Store function (see page 8–12) or manually by
using the Store function (see page 8–14).
4–14
NOTE
The Model 4590 reports either dry density or wet density
measurements. For dry density results, a moisture
measurement is required and can be keypad entered or
measured using the provided probe. Additionally, the
moisture measurement can be performed either before or
after the density measurement (default). For wet density
results only, the moisture measurement is typically
disabled. See Sections titled, Moisture Input on page 5–8
and Measurement Order on page 5–9.
1. Prepare the test site and position the gauge as described on

page 4–2.
2. With the source rod in the SAFE position, press 〈START〉.
3. After initialization, follow the instructions on the display.
4. If the Measurement Order Option is set to Gauge First, the
gauge leads you through the procedure described in the
section Taking Density Measurement on page 4–15 and then
leads you through the procedure described in section
Taking a Moisture Measurement on page 4–17.
5. If the Measurement Order Option is set to Moisture First, the
gauge leads you through the procedure described in section
Taking a Moisture Measurement on page 4–17 and then
leads you through the procedure describe in section Taking
Density Measurement on page 4–15.
6. If the Moisture Input option is set to None, the gauge only
performs the procedure describe in section Taking Density
Measurement on page 4–16.
7. When the density measurement is complete and a moisture
reading is accepted from the supplied probe or entered
using the keypad, the gauge displays the results:
%PR= xxx.x ↨
DD= xxx.x
WD= xxx.x
M= xxx.x %M=xxx.x
Model 4590 4–15

where:
%PR = percent Proctor – Displays only if the

Target function is enabled. See Chapter 6:
Target Menu on page 6–1.
DD = dry density – density value with the

moisture content removed. If a moisture
measurement is not used, the value
displayed will match the wet density value.
WD = wet density – density value without the

moisture content removed.
M = moisture value
%M = percent moisture
If % Voids (soil) is enabled, the gauge displays:
%Voids (soil) xx.x ↨

Voids Ratio: x.xx
8. Lift the gauge from the test site by the source rod handle.
This returns the source rod to the SAFE position, where it
should stay when not taking readings.
Taking Density Measurement

1. The gauge display prompts you to lower the source rod to
the desired measurement depth and press 〈ENTER/START〉.
Move rod to desired

Measurement depth.
Press <ENTER>
2. Move the rod to the desired depth position between 2 and
12 inches. Be sure the rod is seated properly in the position
notch.
4–16
3. Gently slide the gauge to the right until the source rod is in
contact with the side of the hole.
4. Press ENTER to start the measurement. The gauge displays:
Depth: x in
PR:
xxx.x pcf
Time: xxx s
NOTE
If the depth sensor detects an invalid depth the
following displays.
Invalid Depth
Press <ENTER>
Reposition the rod at the correct depth. If the error
continues, use the gauge in Manual Depth mode (see
Setting the Automatic or Manual Depth on page 3–
12) until it can be serviced by a Troxler authorized
service center. In the Manual Depth mode, you will be
prompted to enter the depth.
5. After the measurement completes, raise the handle to the
SAFE position and follow the instructions on the display.
BGD= xxxx
Is this background
Count current
Press <YES> or <NO>
 Press 〈YES〉 if conditions have not changed since

performing the standard count or background count.
Follow the prompts on the display to complete the
measurement.
Model 4590 4–17

 If conditions have changed and you want to perform a
new background count, answer 〈NO〉 to the question
and the following message displays:
With Gauge on
Test Site & Source
Rod in Background Pos.
Press <START>
If you have opted to take a background count, lower the

handle to the first position and press 〈ENTER〉. The
gauge takes a count and displays the following:
Getting background
Count Please wait
15s
When the background count is finished, the display

shows:
BGD = xxxx
Press <ENTER>
Press 〈ENTER〉 to continue.
Taking a Moisture Measurement with the

Moisture Probe
In order to use the Moisture Probe, the Moisture Input must be
set to External Sensor (default setting). See page 5–8.
1. Turn on the probe. The green light illuminates. The blue
light on the probe remains solid when it has connected to
the Bluetooth in the gauge.
4–18
2. Insert the moisture probe into the prepared hole. The
hole must be at least 6 inches deep. The probe baseplate
must have contact with the soil surface. The probe must
fit tightly in the hole and have contact with the soil
material on all sides. You should feel some resistance
when placing it in the hole.
3. If the Moisture Input is set to External Sensor (default
setting). The gauge prompts for this measurement.
4. Once the probe moisture measurement (M) is displayed
on the EGauge screen and has settled on value (3-4
seconds), press Enter to accept the reading and see the
final result for the test.
Prepare Moisture
Measurement?
Press <ENTER> to
take a reading.
Entering a Moisture Value from Another

Method
1. If the Moisture Input is set to Manual Input, the gauge
displays:
Do you know the

Moisture content of
the soil?
Press <YES> or <NO>
2. Press 〈YES〉 to input the moisture percentage:
%Moisture Input
0.00
Press <ENTER>
3. Enter the moisture percentage using the keypad and press

〈ENTER/START〉.
Model 4590 4–19

Storing Measurement Data
After completing a measurement and before taking another
measurement, data can be stored to an active project. Refer to
Chapter 7: for instructions on creating and selecting the active
project.
If a project is active and the Auto-Store function (see page 8–12)
is enabled, press 〈ESC〉 or 〈ENTER/START〉 to continue. Foreach
measurement, the gauge can store a location description of up
to 12 characters, as well as a note of up to 15 characters. Follow
the prompts to enter location information and/or a note.
If a project is active but the Auto-Store function is not enabled:
 Press 〈STORE〉 to store the results. Follow the prompts to

enter location information and/or notes. For more
information on storing results manually, see page 8–14.
 Press 〈ESC〉 to return to the Ready screen without storing
the results. Note that, until another measurement has
been taken, the results can be recalled (as described
below) and stored later.
4–20
Recall
To view the results of the most recent measurement, press the
〈RECALL〉 key from the Ready screen. The Recall function can
also be used to view the gauge counts from the most recent
measurement.
To return to the Ready screen, press the 〈ENTER/START〉 key.
NOTE
The 〈RECALL〉 key is active only when the Ready
screen is displayed.
Model 4590 4–21

Chapter 5:
Setup Menu
 Overview of the Setup menu

 Setting count time and units
 Setting the depth mode
 Taking a stat test
 Taking a drift test
 Overview of optional features
5–1
Setup Menu
The gauge software groups most of the setup features into one
menu. To access the Setup menu, press the 〈SETUP〉 key. The
gauge displays:
-Setup- ↨
1. Count Time
2. BGD Count Time
3. Initialize Freq.
-Setup- ↨
4. Moisture Input
5. Options
6. % Voids
-Setup- ↨
7. Moisture Probe
8. Stat Test
9. Drift Test
NOTE
The 〈SETUP〉 key is active only when the Ready screen
is displayed.
Use the arrows keys to scroll through the menu screens. To

select a menu option, use the number key that corresponds to
that option. The remainder of this section provides details on
the functions available from the Setup menu.
Model 4590 5–2

Count Time
The gauge provides three different count times for taking
measurements. To change the count time, see page 3–10.
A two-minute count time is recommended for the
density measurement on most materials.
For the EGauges that offer the 9-12-inch depth
positions, a minimum 3-minute count is required for the
depths below 8 inches.
BGD Count Time

There are four options provided for background count time.
Background radiation affects readings; a new background count
is necessary when background environment or the material
measured changes.
1. 1 min
2. 2 min
3. 3 min
4. 4 min
A one-minute background count is recommended for

measurements depths two inches through eight inches.
For EGauges that offer depths of 9-12 inches, the
background count is required for these depths. A
minimum one- minute BGD count will be required by
default. These deeper measurements are more
sensitive to changes in background radiation.
Model 4590 5–3

Initialize Frequency
The Initialize Frequency function determines how often the
gauge performs an initialization, or “warm-up,” before the
measurement. Troxler recommends the default option of every
10 minutes.
To access this menu, press 〈3〉 from the Setup menu. The gauge
displays:
1. Always *
2. 5 min
3. 10 min
4. 15 min
NOTE:
Select the desired count time using the corresponding number

key. The gauge displays a brief confirmation menu and returns
to the Setup menu.
5–4
Moisture Input
To select how you want to input moisture values, press 〈4〉 from
the Setup menu shown on the previous page. The gauge
displays:
-Moisture Method-
1. External Sensor
2. Manual Input
3. None
 Press 〈1〉 to use an external sensor. Choose this option to

use the provided moisture probe. The gauge displays a
menu.
 Press 〈2〉 to input the value manually. Choose this option
to input your percent moisture with each measurement
result. An alternative method will be needed to
determine the soil moisture content. The gauge displays a
menu.
 Press 〈3〉 to disable the moisture input feature. Results

provide wet density only. The gauge displays a
menu.
Options
To access this menu, press 〈5〉 and refer to page 5-17.
Model 4590 5–5

% Air Voids
The gauge uses the specific gravity function to calculate percent
air voids and void ratio in Soil mode only. The % Voids function
allows the operator to enter the specific gravity of a material
and disable or enable the percent air voids display.
To access the % Voids function, press 〈6〉 at the Setup menu. The
gauge displays:
%Voids (soil): OFF

SG: #.##
1. Enable 2. Disable
3. Change Target
The current specific gravity (default 2.70) is shown on the

second line of the display. For optimum results, use a specific
gravity value that is appropriate for the material being
measured.
 To enable the current specific gravity value, press 〈1〉.

The gauge enables the value, displays a brief
confirmation message, and returns to the Setup menu.
 To disable the current specific gravity, press 〈2〉. The

gauge disables the value, displays a brief confirmation
message, and then returns to the Setup menu.
 To enter a new specific gravity value, press 〈3〉. The gauge
prompts you for a new specific gravity. If the displayed
specific gravity is acceptable, press 〈ENTER/START〉.
To change the value, use the numeric keys to do so, and then
press 〈ENTER/START〉.
SG: #.##
Input Spec. Gravity

and <ENTER>
In either case, the gauge enables the value, displays a brief

confirmation message, and then returns to the Setup menu.
5–6
Moisture Probe
The following options are available in the Moisture Probe Menu:
Moisture Probe
1. Take Measurement
2. Cal Profile
3. Probe Calibration
1. Performs a measurement with the probe.
To perform a moisture measurement with the external moisture
probe without pairing with a density measurement, choose
option 7. Moisture Probe from the Setup menu, then select
option 1. Take measurement.
To Select a Probe Calibration Profile
Press 2. Cal Profile for the following menu to select Probe
Calibration Profile.
-Moisture Profile- ↨
1. General / Cr. Agg
2. Clay
3. User # 1
4. User # 2
5. User # 3
6. User # 4
7. User # 5
8. User # 6
Model 4590 5–7

2. Cal Profile allows the selection / enabling of the stored
moisture probe calibrations.
General/ Cr. Agg and Clay are the calibration profiles

available in the gauge by default (factory calibrations). These
can be used to get a general moisture measurement;
however, the user should create soil specific calibrations to
accurately measure the moisture of the particular soil. Scroll
down to access memory positions 1 – 6 where soil specific
calibrations may be stored.
To Perform a Moisture Probe Calibration

To calibrate the probe to a specific soil in the field- create a
soil specific Cal Profile. Carefully read and follow the steps
below and use the worksheet in Appendix F for Moisture Cal
Profile development to ensure that all the data needed is
obtained.
1. Choose 3 to 25 sites to perform probe measurements
and collect a sample to analyze in the lab (to determine
true %M). More sites will create a better calibration, at
least 5 sites are recommended. It is recommended the
moisture content of these selected sites vary by 5% to
achieve the best calibration curve.
2. At each site, perform the density reading and the
moisture probe reading. As this is done, write down the
WD and Diff values for each site (see worksheet on page.
F-5 in back of manual). If you want the gauge to store
these values as a partial calibration, choose “Gauge
Derived” as the “Method of Data Entry” before
performing the measurements.
3. Determine the True % moisture of the samples using

your preferred method. Typically, this is done in a lab
(oven dry) or onsite using a cook stove or Speedy
moisture tester. These values will be entered during
keypad entry of the data points or as the last step of the
probe calibration if using the gauge derived method.
5–8
Follow these keypresses to perform the material specific probe
calibration as described above:
Select 3. Probe Calibration, under the Moisture Probe menu, to
begin the new calibration for a specific soil.
Next determine if you want to 1. Create a new calibration or 2.
Enter calculated constants (use option 2 if you have derived
your own constants outside of the gauge software).
Probe Calibration
1. Create New Cal
2. Enter Constants
If choosing 1, the following screen will display:
Select Method of Data

Entry:
1. Keypad Entry
2. Gauge Derived
Select 1. Keypad Entry to enter the data by hand after

accumulating all information in the field (at the measurement
sites) and the true % moisture (usually determined in the lab
for the samples collected at these measurement sites).
Select 2. Gauge Derived to perform the density and moisture readings

on the particular soil and store a partial calibration to be completed
after the true %moisture has been determined (usually in the lab).
After Selecting 1. Keypad Entry or 2. Gauge Derived select the

number of data points that have been or will be sampled
(measurements performed, and sample collected for drying).
This must be between 3 and 25 measurements in order to have
a valid calibration.
If using keypad entry, the gauge will prompt for the data
from each measurement site, the WD, Diff value and the True
Model 4590 5–9
%Moisture are all needed.
If using the Gauge derived, the gauge will then prompt you to
perform reading #1 to be stored as a partial calibration. Perform
the readings as usual.
Enabling a Stored Partial Calibration
At the Moisture Probe menu, choose Option 2, Cal Profile. Then
scroll to select the stored partial profile which will be indicated
by an asterisk symbol.
5–10
Stat Test
Erratic readings, or readings that seem to fluctuate, may
indicate a problem with the gauge. If the readings are suspect,
perform a stat test, or statistical stability test, to validate the
normal operation of the gauge.
A stat test consists of twenty 1-minute counts. From the twenty
counts, the gauge calculates the standard deviation. This
standard deviation is compared to a theoretical standard
deviation value. Ideally, this ratio should be 0.44, with
acceptable limits from 0.18 to 0.70.
The gauge is considered unstable if the ratio is outside these
limits and the stat test will fail. If the stat test fails, ensure that
the gauge setup and testing was conducted correctly, and take
an additional test. If the second test fails, contact the nearest
Troxler service center for assistance.
For a list of Troxler and authorized Troxler service centers, refer
to page iii of this manual or visit the Troxler website at:
To access the Stat Test function, press 〈8〉 at the Setup menu. The
gauge displays the Stat Test menu:
1. Take STAT Test

2. Review STAT Test
3. Print STAT Test
<ESC> to Exit
To select a menu option, press the corresponding numeric key
or press 〈ESC〉 to return to the Setup menu.
Model 4590 5–11

Taking a Stat Test
Choose an area free of other nuclear gauges or radioactive
sources. Place the gauge on a level surface and ensure the
source rod is in the SAFE position.
To take a new stat test, press 〈1〉 at the Stat Test menu shown on
the previous page, and then press 〈ENTER/START〉.
The gauge displays the progress of the stat test (twenty 1-

minute counts). Upon completion of the counts, the gauge
displays the results of the density stat test, including an
indication of whether the test passed or failed:
Density Stat Test

Avg. Counts: ####
R: #.### (PASS)
<ENTER> for Moist.
Press 〈ENTER/START〉 to view the results of the moisture stat

test. Follow the prompts to scroll through the results.
Reviewing the Stat Test

To review the results of the last stat test, press 〈2〉 at the Stat
Test menu shown on page 5–7. The gauge displays the results of
the density stat test as shown above.
5–12
Printing the Stat Test
To print the results of the last stat test to a serial printer or
computer via the gauge’s 9-pin serial port, press 〈3〉 at the Stat
Test menu shown on page 5–7. The gauge prompts the operator
to connect the printer to the gauge.
Connect the serial cable to the printer or computer serial port.
Press 〈ENTER/START〉. The gauge prints or uploads the stat test
data and returns to the Stat Test menu.
NOTE
Gauge Serial Communications Cable is Part Number
113128.
Model 4590 5–13

Drift Test
If the gauge passes the stat test, but shows long-term drift
between measurements, perform a drift test to check the long-
term drift of the gauge. A drift test consists of five counts taken
three to eight hours after a stat test with no movement of the
gauge between tests.
The gauge sets the pass/fail limits based on the percent
difference between the average of the stat test and drift test
results. If the percent difference exceeds 0.5 percent for density
counts, the drift test fails.
If the drift test fails, ensure that the gauge setup and testing
were conducted correctly, and take an additional test. If the
second test fails, contact the nearest Troxler service center for
assistance.
to page iii of this manual or visit the Troxler website at:
NOTE
The drift test consists of five 4-minute counts,
whereas the stat test consists of twenty 1-minute
counts. Therefore, each test takes approximately 20
minutes to conduct.
DO NOT turn the gauge off between a stat test and a

drift test.
DO NOT move the gauge between the stat and drift

tests to eliminate possible failure due to positioning
changes.
5–14
To access the Drift Test function, press 〈9〉 at the Setup menu.
The gauge displays the Drift Test menu:
1. Take Drift Test

2. Review Drift Test
3. Print Drift Test
<ESC> to Exit
To select a menu option, press the corresponding numeric key

or press 〈ESC〉 to return to the Setup menu.
Taking a Drift Test

To take a new drift test, press 〈1〉 at the Drift Test menu. Place
the gauge on a level surface with the source rod in the SAFE
(shielded) position, and then press 〈ENTER/START〉.
NOTE
If it has been less than three hours or more than eight
hours since the last stat test, the gauge displays an
error message. Press 〈ENTER/START〉 to return to the
Setup menu.
Model 4590 5–15

The gauge displays the progress of the drift test (five 4-minute
counts). Upon completion of the counts, the gauge displays the
results of the density drift test, including an indication of
whether the test passed or failed:
Density Drift Test

Avg. Counts: ####
R: #.### (Pass)
<ENTER> for Moist.
Press 〈ENTER/START〉 to view the results of the moisture drift

test. Follow the prompts to scroll through the results.
Reviewing the Drift Test
To review the results of the drift stat test, press 〈2〉 at the Drift
Test menu. The gauge displays the results of the density drift
test.
Printing the Drift Test

To print the results of the last drift test to a serial printer or
computer via the gauge’s 9-pin serial port, press 〈3〉 at the Drift
Test menu. The gauge prompts the operator to connect the
printer to the gauge.
Connect the serial cable to the printer or computer serial port.
Press 〈ENTER/START〉. The gauge prints or uploads the drift
test data and returns to the Drift Test menu.
NOTE
Gauge Serial Communications Cable is Part Number
113128.
5–16
Options
The Model 4590 gauge offers the following optional features
that may be added to the gauge. These features can be toggled
on and off from the Options menu, accessed by pressing 〈5〉 from
the Setup menu.
-Options- ↨
1. GPS
2. Measurement Order
3. Set Unit
-Options- ↨
4. Depth Mode
4. Battery Status
5. Batt. Preference
-Options- ↨
7. Bluetooth Mode
GPS Option
The Model 4590 gauge can be equipped with an optional global
positioning system (GPS) receiver. The GPS receiver enables the
gauge to store precise GPS coordinates (latitude and longitude)
for each measurement when satellite communication is
available.
To toggle the GPS function on or off, press 〈1〉 on the Options
menu shown above.
NOTE
When the GPS option is installed and enabled, the
symbol g appears in the upper right of the Ready
screen when the gauge is receiving GPS satellite
signals.
Model 4590 5–17

NOTE
If a Model 4590 equipped with the GPS option is moved a long

distance between uses, the GPS system must be allowed to initialize.
In some instances, initialization may take as long as 30 to 45 minutes
from the time the gauge is powered on with the GPS enabled. Note
also that the gauge must be positioned such that the GPS receiver
can receive signals from the GPS satellites (see Appendix H for more
information). If the GPS does not initialize within 45 minutes, contact
your Troxler representative.
5–18
Measurement Order
To select what order the measurements are taken, press 〈2〉
from the Options menu. The gauge displays:
-Moisture Order-
1. Moisture First
2. Gauge First
 Press 〈1〉 to take moisture measurements with the

included probe first. The gauge displays a confirmation
message and returns to the Measurement Order menu.
 Press 〈2〉 to take density measurement readings first. The
Measurement Order menu.
Set Units
The gauge can display measurement results in either U.S. units
(pcf) or metric (SI) units (kg/m3 or g/cm3). To change the units,
see page 3–11.
Depth Mode
The Model 4590 gauge offers two depth modes: Automatic and
Manual. The Depth Mode function allows the operator to select
the depth mode, as described on page 3–12.
Model 4590 5–19

Battery Status
The Battery Status function displays the active battery and the
voltage of both the NiMH (Rch) and alkaline batteries. To access
this function, press 〈5〉 at the Options menu. The gauge displays:
Batt. Active: RCH

Rch: 7.00 V
Alk: 6.00 V
Press <ENTER>
If the NiMH (Rch) battery voltage is 6.0 volts or less, recharge

the batteries as described on page A-9. Press 〈ENTER/START〉
to return to the Setup menu.
Battery Preference
To switch from NiMH battery power to the Alkaline battery
backup, press 〈6〉 from the Options menu. The gauge displays:
-Battery Preference-
1. Rechargeable NiMH
2. Alkaline
 Press 〈1〉 to select the rechargeable NiMH batteries. The

Battery Preference menu.
 Press 〈2〉 to select the Alkaline battery backup. For
instructions on installing these batteries, see page A-11.
The gauge displays a confirmation message and returns
to the Battery Preference menu.
5–20
Bluetooth Mode
Select Bluetooth Mode accessed by pressing 〈7〉 from the
Options menu.
-Bluetooth Mode -
1. Data Transfer
2. Moisture Probe
NOTE:
By default, the Bluetooth Mode is set to “2. Moisture
Probe.” This setting automatically changes to “1. Data
Transfer” once Output Data is selected and changes
back to “2. Moisture Probe” once the data transfer
completes.
Data Transfer (Option 1)

Used when pairing the EGauge with another Bluetooth enabled
device for transferring stored data from the gauge.
Moisture Probe (Option 2)

Use this option if the EGauge and Moisture probe are failing to
connect. The EGauge will automatically reset to the Moisture
Probe once any data transfer is complete.
Model 4590 5–21

5–22
Chapter 6:
Target Menu
 Overview of the Target menu

 Enabling and disabling the target value
 Storing a new target value
Model 4590 6–1

Target Menu
The gauge provides the ability to store up to four different
Proctor values (PR) for later use. These values are used to
calculate percent compactions of soil. The percent compaction
calculations for Soil mode is as follows:
Soil mode = (DD ÷ PR) × 100 = %PR
The Target function enables you to enter and store a new target
value, as well as enable or disable a target value stored in
memory.
NOTE
Proctor values entered must be between 80 and 170
pcf (1280-2700 kg/m3). If value is outside these
parameters an error displays the Proctor Target
Exceeds Limits.
To access the Target menu, press the 〈TARGET〉 key. The gauge
displays:
PR: #.# pcf

1. 0.0 2. 0.0
3. 0.0 4. 0.0
5. New 6. Disable
NOTE
The 〈TARGET〉 key is active only when the Ready
 To set a new Proctor target value, press 〈5〉. Enter the

new target and press 〈ENTER〉. After entering the value,
the gauge prompts you to store the value for later use.
Select 〈YES〉 or 〈NO〉
 To disable and have no Proctor, press 〈6〉.
6–2
 To use a Proctor value stored in the memory, press the
number key. The gauge displays:
Select Memory Cell:

1. x.x 2. x.x
3. x.x 4. x.x
Press # to Select
Select the desired memory cell by selecting the corresponding

number key. The gauge displays a brief confirmation message
and returns to the Ready screen.
Model 4590 6–3

6–4
Chapter 7:
Calibration Offsets
 Overview of the offset menu

 Enabling density, moisture, and trench offsets
Model 4590 7–1

About Offsets
The Troxler Model 4590 is factory-calibrated for typical soil
materials. Gauge readings can be adjusted based on
alternative density tests, such as sand cone or drive cylinder
tests. This adjustment, or shift, is known as an offset.
NOTE
When an offset has been enabled, all future readings will
automatically be adjusted until the offset is disabled or the
gauge is turned off. Be sure to disable offsets and prior to
taking readings on materials that do not require an offset.
Offsets will be disabled if the gauge is turned off for more
than 10 seconds.
The gauge provides density, trench and moisture probe offset

options.
The density offset is often needed if the material has a density
that is outside the range of 70 to 170 pcf (1100 to 2700 kg/m3).
Also, if material has a high concentration of elements with
atomic numbers greater than 20 (such as concrete, some coals,
or ferrous soils).
A trench offset should be used if measurements are to be taken
inside a trench or close to a solid structure such as a wall,
barrier, or construction equipment. The Trench offset is not
needed if all density measurements are to be performed at 6”
(150 mm) or deeper in the trench situation.
A moisture probe offset is often needed to achieve accurate
moisture results in the field on regional soils. The factory Cal
Profiles are not representative of all soil types. This offset
should be used when the moisture content of a laboratory
sample differs from the reading provided by the Troxler
Moisture Probe Model 6760 (included).
The moisture offset function is a simple procedure to adjust the
moisture readings up or down. A new Cal Profile (p. 5-2) can
also be created for regional soils if needed. This is generally
used on soils with large moisture ranges. Otherwise a moisture
offset to one of the factory profiles works well.
7–2
To access the Offset menu, press 〈OFFSET〉. The gauge displays:
-Offset-
1. Density OFF
2. Trench OFF
3. Moisture OFF
NOTE
The 〈OFFSET〉 key is active only when the Ready
To select a menu option, press the corresponding number key.

The remainder of this chapter details the functions available
from the Offset menu.
Model 4590 7–3

Density Offset
To access the Density Offset functions, press 〈1〉 at the Offset
menu.
DENSITY OFFSET
#.# pcf
1. Enable 2. Disable
3. Change Offset
The gauge displays the current density offset on the second line.
 To enable the displayed density offset, press 〈1〉. The

gauge enables the offset, displays a brief confirmation
message, and returns to the Ready screen.
 To disable the density offset, press 〈2〉. The gauge
disables the offset, displays a brief confirmation message,
and returns to the Ready screen.
NOTE
The density offset is also disabled when the gauge is
turned off for more than 10 seconds.
 To enter a new density offset, press 〈3〉. The gauge

prompts for the density offset as shown:
DENSITY OFFSET
#.# pcf
Select (+/-)
Input and <ENTER>
The density offset value is determined by calculating the
difference between the gauge wet density result and an alternative
wet density measurement (Ex. Sand cone or drive cylinder)
performed on the particular soil being measured.
To change the offset, select the sign (positive or negative) using
the up and down arrows, enter the density offset value (in lb/ft3 or
kg/m3), and press 〈ENTER/START〉. The gauge enables the new
density offset and returns to the Ready screen.
7–4
Trench Offset
Vertical structures such as the walls of a building, trench, or
ditch often “echo” gamma photons back to the gauge, which may
adversely affect density measurements. Trench offsets
compensate for the influence of vertical structures on
measurements.
Use a trench offset if taking a measurement inside a trench or
within 18 inches (45 cm) of a large vertical structure. The walls
of the trench or structure may scatter the gamma photons back
to the gauge, resulting in inaccurate density readings. When
used, the trench offset adjusts only the density measurements
from 2 in. (5 cm) to 4 in. (10 cm). If your density
measurements are 5 inches or greater in depth, a trench offset
is not necessary.
1. To access the Trench Offset menu, press 〈2〉 at the Offset menu. The
gauge displays:
Trench Offset
_Enabled_
2. When enabled the gauge corrects for the influence of the
trench at depth 2 inches through 4 inches (50 mm through
100 mm). This correction is predetermined, and no
further steps are to be performed by the operator.
NOTE
If all density measurements in the trench situation are
to be performed below 4 inches (100 mm) in depth
the trench offset is not needed.
Model 4590 7–5

Moisture Probe Offset
The moisture offset adjusts the moisture probe (Model 6760)
readings to match an alternative moisture measurement (ex:
oven dry). This is often necessary because the factory moisture
Cal Profiles do not represent all soil types. An alternative
moisture measurement method must be used to find the %M
needed for the offset determination.
Carefully read and follow the instructions below before
beginning the Moisture offset process.
To access the Moisture Offset menu, press 〈3〉 at the Offset menu
shown on page 7–2. The gauge displays:
Moist. Probe Offset

##.##
1. Change 2. Enable
The Moisture Offset menu shows the moisture offset values

stored in memory (if any) and the Change and Enable/Disable
options.
NOTE
If a value is already enabled, the display shows the
Enable option instead.
To change the displayed value, or create a new offset, press
〈1〉.
 To enable the displayed value, press 〈2〉. The gauge

enables the moisture offset value and returns to the
Ready screen.
To change the Moisture Offset value press 1 at the menu above.
The gauge then asks for the Probe Moisture value (M) in lb/ft3
or kg/m3. Press Enter after entering the M value from the probe
reading.
7–6
NOTE
A moisture offset simply adds or subtracts a set value
to the moisture probe reading using the enabled
calibration (usually a factory calibration). The
Moisture Probe Calibration (page 5–15) recalibrates
the probe for that particular soil allowing a material
specific profile to be created.
Input Probe
Moisture
M= 0.00 pcf
<ENTER> to Accept
Then enter the Wet Density value from the initial measurement
site. Press Enter to accept.
Input Wet Density

WD= 0.0 pcf
<ENTER> to Accept
Last enter the True Moisture percent (%M) resulting from the
lab moisture analysis (oven dry or Speedy for example) of the
soil taken from the initial site.
Input True Moisture

%M= 0.00 %Wt
<ENTER> to Accept
The gauge then displays the new moisture offset value and
returns to the Offset menu.
Model 4590 7–7

Chapter 8:
Project Data
 Overview of the Project menu

 Selecting and viewing projects
 Creating new projects
 Erasing projects
 Outputting and printing projects
 Deactivating projects
 Using the Auto-Store feature
 Using the Manual Store feature
8–2
Project Menu
The gauge can store up to 1000 readings. The Project and Store
functions allow handling of measurement data. Measurement
results are stored in files (memory locations) called projects,
which are named by the operator.
Projects are managed using the Projects menu. From this menu,
the operator can select a project (make an existing project
active so that additional data may be added to it), view project
data, create a new project, erase projects, output project data to
the selected destination (via the serial or USB port), deactivate a
project, and enable the Auto-Store function.
To access the Projects menu, press 〈PROJ〉. The gauge displays:
-Projects- ↨
1. Select
2. View
3. Create
-Projects- ↨
4. Erase
5. Output Project
6. Set Output Dest.
-Projects- ↨
7. Deactivate
8. Auto-Store
NOTE
The 〈PROJ〉 key is active only when the Ready screen
is displayed.
Use the arrow keys to scroll through the menu options. Use the
numeric keys to select a menu option. Press 〈ESC〉 to return to
the Ready screen.
Model 4590 8–1

Select a Project
To select an existing project, press 〈1〉 at the Projects menu
shown on page 8–2.
 If no projects have been created, the gauge displays the
error message:
No projects are
Stored.
Press any key to
continue
Press any key to return to the Projects menu, and create a

project as described on page 8–5.
 If a project has been created, the gauge displays:
Prj: XXXXXX ↨
Arrows for Scroll

<ENTER> to Select
Use the arrow keys to scroll through the names of the existing
projects. When the desired project is displayed, press
〈ENTER/START〉 to select it as active. The gauge sets the
selected project as active, briefly displays a confirmation
message, and returns to the Projects menu.
Model 4590 8–3

View Project Data
The gauge offers two methods of viewing data. You can either
view the last measurement results using the Recall function (see
page 4–20), or any measurement results, including project
notes, stored in a project file using the View function available
from the Projects menu.
To view data stored in a project file, press 〈2〉 from the Projects
Prj: XXXXXX ↨
04/08/14 04:08p
Rec: # UID: XXX
<ENTER> to Select
Use the arrow keys to scroll through the project names. Press
〈ENTER/START〉 when the gauge displays the desired project
name. If any measurement data has been stored in the selected
project file, the gauge displays the data for the first
measurement.
Six screens of information are displayed for each measurement.
Use the up and down arrows to scroll through the project data.
Press the 〈ESC〉 key to return to the project selection screen
shown above.
8–4
Create a Project
To create a new project, press 〈3〉 at the Projects menu. The
gauge displays:
Project Name A
_
<ALPHA> for Letters
<ENTER> to EXIT
Press the 〈ALPHA LOCK〉 key to enable the alphabetic keys on

the gauge. When the alphabetic keys are enabled, the symbol A
appears in the upper right of the display, as shown above.
Enter the project name (up to twelve alphanumeric characters)
and press the 〈ENTER/START〉 key. The gauge displays:
Make Project
XXX
Active?
<Yes> or <NO>
 To save the new project name without activating it, press

〈NO〉. The gauge saves the new project, briefly displays
the name of the active project (if any) and returns to the
Projects menu.
 To save the new project name and activate the project,
press 〈YES〉. The gauge enables the new project, displays
a brief confirmation message, and returns to the Projects
menu.
Model 4590 8–5

Erase Projects
To erase either a selected project file or all project files, press
〈4〉 at the Projects menu. The gauge displays the Erase menu:
Erase:
1. One Project
2. All Projects
Press # to Select
 To erase a single project, press 〈1〉. If more than one

project has been created, the gauge displays:
Prj: XXXXXX ↨
Arrows for Scroll

<ENTER> to Select
Use the arrow keys to scroll through the project names
displayed on the first line. When the gauge displays the
desired project, press 〈ENTER/START〉. At the Are you
sure? prompt, press the 〈YES〉 key. The gauge erases the
project and returns to the Projects menu.
 To erase all projects, press 〈2〉 at the Erase menu. At the

Are You Sure? prompt, press the 〈YES〉 key. The gauge
erases all the projects and returns to the Projects menu.
8–6
Output Project
The Output Project function within the Projects menu allows the
operator to print or upload project data stored in the gauge to a
computer or serial printer connected to the serial port, to a USB
printer or storage device connected to the USB port, or to a
Bluetooth enabled device. To select the output destination, see
page 8–9.
Uploading or Printing Project Data
Uploading Data Using the Serial Port

You can upload project data to a computer via the serial port
using Troxler’s Gauge Download Program, available at:
www.troxlerlabs.com/downloads/software/gaugedownload.zip
You can also upload the data using Windows® HyperTerminal or
Terra Term. See the “Downloading Data” procedure at
www.troxlerlabs.com/documents for HyperTerminal instructions.
To output project data via the 9-pin serial port, connect a serial
cable to the port. An optional serial cable, P/N 113128, is
available from Troxler. Connect the serial cable to the
computer’s COM port (or a printer’s serial port).
Uploading or Printing Data Using the USB Port

To output project data to a USB printer via the USB port,
connect a USB cable to the USB port and connect the cable to the
USB printer. To output project data to a USB storage device,
connect the storage device directly to the USB port.
NOTE
The opening for the USB port accepts a device with
maximum dimensions of 10 mm (0.40 in.) high by
29 mm (0.79 in.) wide.
Model 4590 8–7

Uploading Data to Bluetooth Devices
Gauge Reader App is a useful tool for uploading project data
and is available on Google Play.
Spreadsheet Column Definitions

Table 2. Spreadsheet Column Definitions
A Record Number U Center Line Distance
B Time and Date V Gmb Target
C Project Name W Gmm Target
D User X Proctor Target
E Mode: Y Specific Gravity
F Units Z Bottom Layer Density
G Location AA Top Layer Thickness
H Notes AB Density Offset
I Wet Density AC Moisture Offset
J Dry Density AD Trench Density Offset
K Moisture AE Trench Moisture Offset
L % Moisture AF Model Number:
M %Gmb AG Serial Number
N %Voids AH Depth
O %Proctor AI Time (Count Time)
P %Voids – Soil AJ Density Standard Count
Q Voids Ratio AK Moisture Standard
Count
R Latitude AL Density Count
S Longitude AM Moisture Count
T Center Line Side
8–8
Set Output Destination
To select the output destination, press 〈6〉 at the Projects menu.
The gauge displays:
Output Destination: ↨
1. Serial Port
2. USB Printer
3. USB Storage
Output Destination: ↨
4. Bluetooth
Option 1 – Serial Port

Selecting Option 1 Serial Port allows the data to output to either a
computer or serial printer connected to the serial port.
Option 2 – USB Printer

Selecting Option 2 USB Printer allows the data to output to a printer
connected to the USB Port.
Option 3 – USB Storage

Selecting Option 2 USB Storage allows the data to output to a
storage device connected to the USB Port
Option 4 - Bluetooth
Selecting option 4 Bluetooth allows the data to output to a
Bluetooth enabled device for future uploading of projects.
Upon choosing Option 5 “Output Project” from the project menu,
the following screen appears.
Awaiting Connection
Pair & Connect Using
Bluetooth Device
〈ESC〉 to Abort
Model 4590 8–9

Complete Pairing on the Bluetooth enabled device.
A Confirmation screen displays once pairing is successful.
8–10
Deactivate a Project
To deactivate the current project without selecting a different
one as active, press 〈7〉 at the Projects menu. The gauge
deactivates the current project, displays a brief confirmation
message, and returns to the Projects menu. Press 〈ESC〉 to return
to the Ready screen.
Model 4590 8–11

Auto-Store
The Auto-Store function automatically stores sample data upon
completion of a measurement. The data is stored under the
active project, using a sequential sample ID number. When a
new project is created, the sample ID number for the Auto-Store
function starts at 1 and is incremented each time a new
measurement is stored automatically or manually.
To access the Auto-Store function, press 〈8〉 at the Projects menu
shown on page 8–2. The gauge requests an access code (see the
front of this manual). After entering the code, the gauge
displays:
Auto-Storage: OFF
1. ON
2. OFF
Press # to Select
 To return to the Projects menu without changing the

Auto-Store status, press 〈ESC〉.
 To turn the Auto-Store function on, press 〈1〉.
 To turn the Auto-Store function off, press 〈2〉. The gauge

updates the Auto-Store status, displays a brief
confirmation message, and returns to the Projects menu.
Active Project Selected

If you attempt to enable the Auto-Store function and a project
has been selected as active, the gauge enables the Auto-Store
function, briefly displays the confirmation message shown
below, and then returns to the Projects menu.
Auto-Storage
Is Now ON
Prj: XXX
Next Sample # X
8–12
No Project Data
If you attempt to enable the Auto-Store function but no project
has been created, the gauge displays:
No Project Data
Do You Want To
Enable Auto-Store by
Creating a Project?
 To return to the Projects menu without enabling the Auto-

Store function, press 〈NO〉.
 To create a project and enable the Auto-Store function,
press 〈YES〉. The gauge displays the screens required to
create a project as described on page 8–5. When the
project name is complete, the gauge sets the project as
active, displays the confirmation message shown on page
8–12, and returns to the Projects menu.
No Project Selected
If the operator attempts to enable the Auto-Store function and
one or more projects have been created, but no project has been
selected as active, the gauge displays:
Auto-Store Requires
An Active Project:
1. Select Project
2. Create Project
To select an existing project, press 〈1〉. The gauge displays the

screens required to select a project as described on page 8–3.
After the project is selected, the gauge sets the project as active,
briefly displays the confirmation shown on page 8–12 and
returns to the Projects menu.
To create a new project, press 〈2〉. The gauge displays the
screens required to create a. After the project is created, the
gauge sets the project as active, briefly displays a confirmation
message, and returns to the Projects menu.
Model 4590 8–13

Manual Store
After completing a measurement and before taking another one,
sample data can be stored manually under the active project.
Refer to pages 8–3 through 8–5 for instructions on creating and
selecting the active project.
To manually store measurement data, press the 〈STORE〉 key
while data is being displayed. If no project is active when the
〈STORE〉 key is pressed, the gauge displays the error message
No active project! then returns to the Ready screen.
NOTE
The 〈STORE〉 key is active only when measurement
data is displayed. Measurement data is displayed at
the end of a reading, or the most recent test results
can be displayed using the 〈RECALL〉 key (see page 4–
20).
For each measurement, the gauge can store a location
description of up to 12 characters, as well as a note of up to 15
characters.
8–14
Chapter 9:
Extended Menu
 Setting the date and time

 Setting a user ID and customer name
 Viewing source decay information
 Erasing standard counts
 Setting the Low Battery Warning display options
 Resetting the software
Model 4590 9–1

Extended Menu
To access the Extended menu, press 〈SETUP〉 to display the
Setup menu, then press 〈.〉 〈9〉. The gauge requests an access
code:
Input Access Code

_
Press <ENTER>
Enter the access code shown on page xv and press the

〈ENTER/START〉 key. The gauge displays the Extended menu:
-Extended- ↨
1. Clock/Calendar
2. User ID
3. Customer Name
-Extended- ↨
4. Source Decay
5. Erase Stnd. Cnt.
6. Low Batt Warning
-Extended- ↨
7. Software Reset
8. Show Cal. Const.
9. Input Cal. Const
-Extended- ↨
7. Software Reset
8. Show Cal. Const.
9. Test Menu
Use the up and down arrows to scroll between the menu

options. To select a menu option, press the corresponding
numeric key. To return to the Setup menu, press the 〈ESC〉 key.
9–2
Clock/Calendar
The Clock/Calendar function allows the operator to change the
date and time, and to select the display format for each. To
access the Clock/Calendar menu, press 〈1〉 at the Extended menu.
The gauge displays:
- Clock/Calendar ↨
1. Change Time
2. Change Date
3. Time Format
- Clock/Calendar ↨
4. Date Format

options. To select a menu option, press the corresponding
numeric key. To return to the Extended menu, press the 〈ESC〉
key.
CHANGE TIME
To change the time, press 〈1〉 at the Clock/Calendar menu. The
gauge displays:
hh: mm AM
Arrow toggle AM/PM
Input Time and
Press <ENTER>
(Note that in this example, the time is displayed in AM/PM
format. To change the format, see the Time Format section on
the following page.)
To accept the displayed time, press 〈ENTER/START〉. To change
the time, use the numeric keys to enter the new time, and the
arrow keys to toggle between AM and PM. Press
Model 4590 9–3

〈ENTER/START〉. The gauge sets the time and returns to the
Clock/Calendar menu.
CHANGE DATE
To change the date, press 〈2〉 at the Clock/Calendar menu.
The gauge displays:
01/08/2014
mm/dd/yyyy
Input Date and
Press <ENTER>
(Note that in this example, the time is displayed in mm/dd/yyyy

format. To change the date format, refer to the Date Format
section below.)
To accept the displayed date, press 〈ENTER/START〉. To change
the date, use the numeric keys to enter the new date. When
finished, press 〈ENTER/START〉. The gauge sets the date and
returns to the Clock/Calendar menu.
TIME FORMAT
The gauge can display the time in either AM/PM or 24-hour
format. To select the desired time format, press 〈3〉 at the
Clock/Calendar menu. The gauge displays:
-Time Format-
1. AM/PM
2. 24-Hour
Use the numeric keys to select the desired time format. The
gauge sets the time format and returns to the Clock/Calendar
menu.
9–4
DATE FORMAT
The gauge can display the date in either mm/dd/yyyy or
dd/mm/yyyy format, where mm is the month, dd is the day, and
yyyy is the year. To change the date format, press 〈4〉 at the
Clock/Calendar menu. The gauge displays:
-Date Format-
1. mm/dd/yyyy
2. dd/mm/yyyy
Use the numeric keys to select the desired format. The gauge
sets the date format and returns to the Clock/Calendar menu.
User ID
The gauge can store a three-character alphanumeric user ID
with each measurement. To enter or change the user ID, press
〈2〉 at the Extended menu. The gauge displays:
User ID is:
XXX
Change ID?
<YES> or <NO>
To change the user ID, press 〈YES〉. The gauge displays:
User ID: A
Input ID and
Press <ENTER>

Enter the new user ID and press 〈ENTER/START〉. The gauge
stores the new user ID and returns to the Extended menu.
Model 4590 9–5

Customer Name
The gauge can store a customer name of up to 12 alphanumeric
characters. To enter a customer name, press 〈3〉 at the Extended
menu. The gauge displays the current customer name on the
second line.
Customer Name is:

CUSTOMER
Change Name?
<YES> or <NO>
To change the customer name, press 〈YES〉. The gauge displays:
Customer Name: A
Input Name and

Press <ENTER>

Enter the new name and press the 〈ENTER/START〉 key. The
gauge stores the new customer name, then returns to the
Extended menu.
Press 〈ESC〉 twice to return to the Ready screen.
9–6
Source Decay
The strength of radioactive material is measured by its activity,
or rate of decay. This activity decreases with time. The length of
time it takes a given amount of radioactive material to decay to
half of its original strength is referred to as the half-life. The
half-life of the Cs-137 source is 30 years.
The Source Decay function allows the operator to view how the
decrease in the radiation intensity of the source affects gauge
density measurements. It displays the actual density standard
count, the predicted standard count, and the percent difference
between the two sets of counts. The gauge calculates the
predicted standard count based upon the density standard
count at the time the gauge was calibrated and the number of
days that have elapsed since calibration.
To access the Source Decay function, press 〈4〉 at the Extended
Standard After Decay

Current: ###
Predicted: ###
%Diff: ###
To return to the Extended menu, press the 〈ENTER/START〉 or

〈ESC〉 key.
Model 4590 9–7

Erase Standard Counts
The Erase Standard Counts function allows the operator or
service technician to remove all (four) standard counts from
gauge memory.
To execute the Erase Standard Counts function, press 〈5〉 at the
Extended menu. The gauge displays:
Erase Standard
Storage Bank
<YES> or <NO>
 To return to the Extended menu without erasing the

standard counts stored in memory, press 〈NO〉.
 To erase all the standard counts, press 〈YES〉. The gauge

erases the standard counts stored in memory and returns
to the Extended menu.
9–8
Low Battery Warning
The Battery Status function (see page 5–12) displays the status
of the battery voltage. If the battery voltage falls below a pre-
determined threshold, the gauge displays a low- battery
warning symbol () in the upper-right corner of the Ready
screen.
By default (Normal setting), the low-battery warning is
displayed when the battery voltage falls below 6.2 V dc. At that
point, the gauge has approximately three hours of battery
operating life left, or less if the backlight is used. If the gauge is
equipped with a GPS unit, the remaining battery operating life is
approximately one hour.
The Low Battery Warning function enables the operator to
select how early or late the low-battery warning is displayed. An
early setting provides more time between when the warning is
displayed and when the gauge shuts down. A later setting
provides less warning time.
To access this function, press 〈6〉 at the Extended menu. The
gauge displays:
-Low Batt Warning- ↨

1. Earliest
2. Early
3. Normal
-Low Batt Warning- ↨

4. Later
5. Latest

options. To select the desired low battery warning option, press
the corresponding numeric key. The gauge displays the battery
voltage threshold associated with the selected option, and then
returns to the Extended menu.
Model 4590 9–9

Software Reset
The Software Reset function sets selected user setup values
(count time, measurement units, depth mode, user ID, customer
name, etc.) to their factory default values.
NOTE
The Software Reset function does not affect the
calibration constants, gauge serial number, clock and
calendar settings, or projects stored in the gauge
memory.
To access this function, press 〈7〉 at the Extended menu. The

gauge displays:
System Reset Sets

System Variables to
Defaults! Continue?
<YES> or <NO>
 To return to the Extended menu without resetting system

variables, press 〈NO〉.
 To reset system variables to default values, press 〈YES〉.

The gauge resets the system variables and returns to the
Extended menu.
9–10
Show Calibration Constants
The Show Calibration Constants menu displays current
calibration constants programmed in the gauge memory. To
access this function, press 〈9〉 at the Extended menu. The gauge
displays:
A/1: #.#########
B/1: #.#########
C/1: #.#########
<ENTER> to Continue
To return to the Extended menu, press 〈ESC〉.
Model 4590 9–11

Test Menu
NOTE
The functions available from the Test Menu are to be
used by qualified service personnel only!
9–12
Appendix A:
Maintenance &
Troubleshooting
This appendix covers the following topics and tasks:
 Troubleshooting and error messages

 Maintaining and servicing your gauge
 Cleaning the gauge
 Battery information
 Replacement parts list
 Returning the gauge for service
Model 4590 A-1

Troubleshooting
Gauge Fails Standard Counts

1. Ensure that the guidelines for performing the standard
count listed on page 4–5 are followed.
2. Perform the standard count again. If it still fails, contact your
nearest Troxler service center or representative.
No Density Readings
The most likely reason for no density readings is an electronic
problem, such as a failure of the detector preamplifier.
CAUTION
Also, the gauge may have gotten wet. The Model 4590
gauges are not waterproof and should not be used in the
rain. If the gauge gets wet, make sure it is completely dry
before sealing it in the case for storage.
As a precaution, ensure that the tip of the source rod is intact

and undamaged. Use a radiation survey meter to check the
radiation levels at the surface of the gauge base where the
source rod exits (without extending the source rod). A
maximum reading of .2 mrem/hr is normal, and indicates the
source is present. If the maximum reading is less than 0.1
mrem/hr or if a survey meter is not available, perform a visual
inspection of the source rod tip as follows to confirm its
integrity.
Extend the source rod just far enough to see the source rod tip.
The tip should appear flat to slightly rounded and smooth.
Complete the inspection as quickly as possible and stay at least
1 meter from the rod tip to minimize exposure.
If the visual inspection indicates that the source rod tip is
broken off (source is missing):
1. Initiate a search for the source starting at the location where
the gauge was last used.
A-2
2. Report lost or missing radioactive sources to your state or
federal radiation control agency in accordance with
applicable regulatory requirements.
3. Contact the Troxler Radiation Safety Department for further
advice.
Gauge Readings Appear Erratic

1. Ensure that the source rod is properly positioned in the
desired measurement position.
2. Ensure that the gauge is not wet.
3. Check count time – a four-minute count gives the highest
precision.
4. Perform a statistical stability (stat) test.
 If test passes, proceed with job.
 If test fails, repeat two more times. If test fails two out of
three times, contact the nearest Troxler Service Center.
Gauge Turns off after it is Turned On

1. The gauge automatically turns off after five hours if no keys
are pressed. Try to turn the gauge on again.
2. The gauge may be wet. Do not turn the gauge on until the
gauge is completely dry, as component damage may
result.
3. If the battery is below 5.5 volts, recharge or replace the
batteries.
Short Battery Life after Recharging

1. Check that you are using the correct charger.
2. Ensure the charging icon ( ) displays on the top-right of the

display.
3. NiMH batteries may be charged up to 500 full charge-
discharge cycles. The batteries may be reaching end of life
cycle and may need to be replaced.
Model 4590 A-3

CAUTION
All information stored in the gauge except the
calibration constants is lost when the batteries are
disconnected.
4. The AC charger may be defective. Check voltage output of

charge with a voltmeter or use the DC charger to charge the
batteries.
Satisfactory Counts, but Results are in Error

♦ Ensure that the handle is seated in bottom of notch while
taking readings.
♦ Ensure the measurement depth on the display screen
corresponds to the actual source rod handle depth.
♦ Check to see if an offset (density, trench, or moisture probe)
is enabled.
♦ Ensure that the standard counts are correct.
♦ Check calibration constants.
A-4
Possible Malfunction Indicators
Symptom Possible Malfunction

Batteries discharge prematurely HV Board
Batteries do not charge CPU Board,
Preamp Board
Battery low indicator does not CPU Board
function correctly
Beeper stops (or is erratic) CPU Board
Display malfunctions CPU Board
Display test Fails CPU Board
Fails stability or drift tests Preamp board
Gauge does not turn on when CPU Board
charger is connected
Gauge doesn't turn off CPU Board
Gauge fails stat or drift tests HV Board
Gauge fails tube test Preamp board
Moisture or density counts are HV Board
unstable
No keypad response CPU Board
No moisture or density counts Preamp Board, HV
Board
Model 4590 A-5

Error Messages
The following table displays a list of the gauge error messages,
as well as the possible causes and recommended solutions for
each message.
Table 3. Error Messages
Error Message Possible Causes Solution

Bad Checksum! Gauge settings and/or Set up user preferences
Default Settings project data stored in (such as measurement
Restored memory have been mode, count time, and so
corrupted and default on) as described in Chapter
(factory) settings have 3.
been restored.
Cannot Close File An error occurred when Try to store the data again.
after Writing. attempting to store data If error recurs, try a
to a USB storage device. different USB storage
device.
Cannot Initialize An error occurred when Check that the USB storage
Media trying to access the USB device is installed properly.
storage device. If error recurs, try a
different USB storage
device.
Cannot Open An error occurred when Check that the printer is
Printer trying to communicate powered on and is properly
with a USB printer. connected to the USB port.
Ensure that the printer is
compatible with the gauge.
Cannot Write to An error occurred when Try to store the data again.
the File attempting to store data If error recurs, try a
device.
Cannot Write to An error occurred when Check that the printer is
the Printer trying to communicate powered on and is properly
with a USB printer. connected to the USB port.
Ensure that the printer is
compatible with the gauge.
A-6
Depth Sensor A hardware problem has Enable Manual
Error. Enable occurred with the depth depth mode. Contact 877-
Manual Mode strip. TROXLER and press “2” and
TroxTechSupport@troxlerlab
s.com
Initialization Error System is unable to This occurs if the source rod

initialize. Another is not in the SAFE position
gauge or nuclear during initialization. If the
source nearby. error continues to show in
Vertical surface too the SAFE position, contact
close. Must be at
the Troxler Service Center.
least 6 feet away.
Insufficient warm-up
time.
Error Writing to An error occurred when Try to store the data again.
the File attempting to store data If error recurs, try a
device.
Error! Stat Test Operator has tried to run Perform a stat test, and
Not Valid a drift test without then run a drift test.
having a valid stat test.
Gauge Requires The calibration constants Contact the Troxler Service
Re-calibration! stored in the gauge have Center.
Contact Tech become corrupted.
Support
Invalid Access Operator entered an Enter the correct access
Code invalid access code. code (see the front of this
manual).
Invalid Depth The source rod is not at a Ensure the source rod position
valid depth when starting is at a valid depth when
a measurement. starting a measurement.
Contact the Troxler Service
Center.
Model 4590 A-7

Moisture Offset The moisture offset is Enter a new moisture
Exceeds Limits! outside the accepted offset.
range.
-nan Gauge cannot calculate Take new standard and
results. background counts. Ensure
the source rod position
matches what is shown on
the screen. If problem
continues, contact the
Troxler Service Center.
No active project! Operator tried to store Select an existing project or

measurement data, but create a new project and
no project is active. select as active.
Proctor Target The target value must be Enter a target value
Exceeds Limits! between 80 and 170 pcf. between 80 and 170
The operator has pcf.
entered a value outside
this range.
Project has No Operator attempted to Select the correct project
Data! view a project with no when attempting to view.
data.
Warning!! When using the Enter a different precision
Time to Reach Precision function, the value or disable the
Precision too time required to reach Precision function.
high the selected precision
value exceeds 60
minutes.
Error 13 System is unable to Issue with Gamma Detector.
initialize. Contact Troxler Service
Center
Error 64 System is unable to Issue with Gamma Detector.
initialize. Contact Troxler Service
Center
Remote Keypad If remote START button is Press YES to ignore and
Failure active for more than 20 continue. The same
sec “Remote START changes apply to remote
button failure! Displays. ESC button.
A-8
Batteries
The gauge is equipped with a rechargeable nickel-metal hydride
(NiMH) battery pack containing five C batteries. When the
rechargeable battery is fully charged it will indicate 7.0 V. When
the NiMH batteries drop below 5.5 V, the gauge shuts off.
Troxler recommends recharging the NiMH batteries. The NiMH
batteries can be fully recharged in only three hours.
Backup gauge power can also be supplied using the AA alkaline
batteries supplied with the gauge as described.
Table 4 shows the typical operating life of a new, fully charged
NiMH battery pack and a set of new AA alkaline batteries. As
shown in the table, the typical battery operating life is impacted
by the use of the backlight and whether or not the gauge is
equipped with a GPS unit.
Table 4. Typical Battery Operating Life
GPS Typical Life, Typical Life,

Backlight
Installed? NiMH Battery Pack* AA Batteries*
Off No 40 hours 12 hours
Off Yes 13 hours 6 hours
On Yes 8 hours 5 hours
On No 14 hours 8 hours
* From full charge

Model 4590 A-9
Battery Charging
With fully charged batteries, the Model 4590 gauge remains
operational for approximately one week under normal (8-hour
day) conditions.
If the batteries become discharged, the following message
displays on the gauge:
*** WARNING! ***

Battery Low!
When this display appears, there are a few hours remaining

before the battery must be recharged. In an emergency, a 30-
minute recharge with the DC or AC charger gives several hours
of use. If possible, run the batteries down before recharging.
To charge the NiMH batteries:
1. Plug the AC charger or DC adapter into the charger
connector in the gauge’s control panel (see Figure 3. Model
4590 Control Panel on page 3–3).
2. If using the AC charger, plug the other end of the charger
into a standard 100–240 V AC outlet. If using the DC
adapter, connect the other end to any 12-14 V DC source
(such as a vehicle's power receptacle). The charging icon (
)shows at the top-right of the screen.
3. After recharging the batteries, unplug the AC charger or DC
adapter and store for later use.
A-10
Installing and Using Alkaline Batteries
The Model 4590 gauge includes alkaline battery for backup use.
To install the batteries:
1. Turn the gauge off.
2. Remove the two thumb screws on the battery cover.
3. Remove the black battery holder from the battery well and
remove the old batteries.
4. Install five standard AA alkaline batteries into the
battery holder, alternating positive and negative.
5. Replace the battery holder into the battery well and replace
the cover and screws.
NOTE
To power the gauge using the alkaline batteries, refer
to the Battery Preference section on page 5–9.
Model 4590 A-11

Mechanical Maintenance
The following procedures should be performed to keep the
Model 4590 gauge in good working order. If a serious problem
with the gauge arises, contact the nearest Troxler Service Center
or representative for instructions.
to the front of this manual or visit the Troxler website at
www.troxlerlabs.com.
Cleaning the Base and Topshell

If the Model 4590 gauge is to provide precise and accurate
measurements over a long period of time the gauge should be
kept as clean as possible. Monitor the outside surfaces of the
instrument for accumulations of dirt, oil, or any other foreign
matter. If a build-up of material is visible on the gauge base or
topshell, use the following procedures for cleaning:
To clean the gauge base, use a putty knife to scrape away any
built-up accumulations of soil. Be careful not to damage the
gauge base! After removing any large accumulations, wipe the
gauge base with a cloth soaked in BindOff, WD-40 or similar
non-corrosive cleaner to remove the remaining debris.
CAUTION
Cleaners and lubricants can damage the keypad. Do
not allow these chemicals to make contact with the
keypad!
A-12
The topshell may be cleaned with mild (low alkaline) soap and
water. Other approved cleaning substances include methyl,
isopropyl, or isobutyl alcohols.
CAUTION
The use of any unapproved cleaning agents such as
methyl-ethyl-ketones, amines, and methylene chloride
can damage the topshell and voids the warranty.
Model 4590 A-13

Replacement Parts
This section provides a list for replacing the major parts of the
gauge and purchasing accessories. Many parts can be ordered
from our e-commerce site at www.troxlerlabs.com.
PART NO. DESCRIPTION
012754 4590 Scraper Ring

012753 4590 Snap Ring
110016 4590 Battery Assembly (with case)
128432 4590 Plastic Topshell
128146 4590 Nameplate
007158 O-ring for Triangle
110016.0001 Tower Battery Pack
(rechargeable)
Maintenance Supplies
012784 Lubricant, Magnalube-G paste 1.5 oz. tube
012786 Lubricant, Magnalube-G paste 1 lb. can
012789 Lubricant, Magnalube-G 14.5 oz.
100761 Source rod pig
018141 BindOff (1 gallon)
A-14
Accessories
110017 Shipping Case
100421 Drill Rod
128022 Scraper Plate
103680.1000 Extraction Tool
110403 AC Adapter
104156 DC Charger
118990 4590 Operator’s Manual
113128 RS-232 Cable
107480 Concrete Adapter
Model 6760 Moisture Probe
Model 4590 A-15

Returning the Gauge for Service
All shipments within the United States to the factory must be
accompanied by an RGA (Returned Goods Authorization)
number, and a description of the instrument and its problem.
Send a completed RGA form, found on the Downloads page at
www.troxlerlabs.com, with each item returned for service. This
information is used by Troxler shipping and service personnel
to expedite the repair work.
To obtain an RGA number, please call or fax the factory or
branch office with your request. Please have the following
information available when contacting Troxler for an RGA
number:
♦ Is the gauge still under warranty?
♦ Model and Serial number
♦ Will an estimate be required before performing any work on
the gauge?
♦ Problem or difficulty you are having with the instrument.
♦ Shipment method to Troxler and for return shipment.
♦ Shipping and billing address (not P.O. Box): street address
and zip code.
♦ Telephone number and contact (for questions from Troxler).
♦ Payment method: credit card, account number, or
purchase order number. All U.S. government agencies
(city, county, state and federal) must send purchase orders.
A-16
Appendix B:
Specifications
This appendix provides the measurement, mechanical
and electrical specifications for Model 4590 gauges.
Model 4590 B-1

Measurement Specifications
Precision
Precision is defined as ±one (1) standard deviation in density

readings. This number is calculated by the ratio of the standard
deviation in the counting rate and the slope of the calibration
curve at a given density.
Parameters at 6-inch depth

Direct Transmission Mode
150 mm (6 inch)
Measurement time is 2 min; Background Time is 1 min

kg/m3 lb/ft3
Density 2150 135
Precision ±4 ± 0.25
Composition error ±0 ±0
B-2
Parameters at 12-inch depth
Direct Transmission Mode
300 mm (12 inch)
Measurement time is 3 min; Background Time is 1 min

kg/m3 lb/ft3
Density 2150 135
Precision ± 10 ± 0.6
Composition error ±0 ±0
Model 4590 B-3

Radiological Specifications
Gamma Source 3.3 MBq (90 µCi) ± 40%
Cs-137
Source Type Sealed Source – Special
Form
Source Housing Stainless Steel,
Encapsulated
Shielding Lead
Max. Surface Dose Rate 0.2 mrem/hr at 5 cm

Shipping Case Excepted Package
B-4
Electrical Specifications
Power Source(s):
Main 5 C NiMH (Rechargeable
Pack) batteries
Backup 5 AA alkaline batteries
Charge Source 12 V DC, 2A
Battery Recharge Time 3 hours maximum,

automatic cutoff (may be
charged incrementally
without damaging the
batteries)
Time Before 5 hours of complete
Automatic Shutdown inactivity
Model 4590 B-5

Mechanical Specifications
Gauge Size (w/ handle) 603 H × 438 L × 345 W mm
(23.75 H × 16.5 L × 13.88 W in.)
Shipping Case Size 795 H × 518 L × 393 W mm
(31.3 H × 20.4 L × 15.5 W in.)
Weight 13.8 kg (30.5 lb.)
Shipping Weight 37.6 kg (83.0 lb.)
Operating Temperature 0 ° to 50 °C (32 to 122 °F)

Storage Temperature –17° to 60 °C (0 ° to 140 °F)
Humidity 98% RH, non-condensing
USB Port Accepts devices up to
10 H x 29 W mm
(0.40 H x .79 W in.)
CAUTION
This instrument contains sensitive electronic and
nuclear components. This instrument must not be
subjected to stress, abuse, or use other than in
accordance with the standard operating procedures
listed in this manual.
B-6
Appendix C:
Transporting & Shipping
This appendix contains the following topics:
 U.S. Shipping Requirements

 Accident Notification Requirements
Model 4590 C-1

U.S. Shipping Requirements
Although the Model 4590 gauge is exempt from radioactive
material licensing requirements, it is still subject to the U.S. DOT
HAZMAT regulations. Since the Model 4590 contains a small
quantity of radioactive material in the form of a sealed source, it
must be prepared for shipment in accordance with applicable
rules and regulations governing hazardous materials.
These include:
♦ IATA’s Dangerous Goods Regulations
♦ U.S. DOT’s Hazardous Material Regulations (49 CFR Parts
100 to 185)
The U.S. DOT regulations require every hazmat employer to
train, test, certify, and maintain records for each hazmat
employee. Hazmat training applies to anyone who transports or
prepares for transport radioactive materials. Refresher training
is required every three years.
Because the amounts of radioactivity and the radiation levels
are very low, the Model 4590 meets the criteria for transport as
an excepted package under all of the above regulations.
Excepted packages must meet the following requirements.
Packaging
The Model 4590 must be transported in a package (transport
case) that meets general packaging requirements and must be
capable of withstanding the conditions likely to be encountered
during routine transport without any deterioration in the
integrity of the package as a whole. No special design, testing, or
certification of the package is required. The transport case
provided with the gauge meets this requirement.
C-2
Markings
The package must be marked as follows:
♦ UN ID number – UN 2911
♦ Full name and address of shipper and consignee
♦ Permissible gross weight of package if this exceeds 50 kg
(110 lb.) (not applicable to the Model 4590)
♦ If the package is being transported by air, then the package
must be marked with a Handling Label - Radioactive
Materials – Excepted Package (IATA 10.7.8)
Waybill
When shipping this gauge by common carrier (trucking
company or FedEx) the waybill must state “Radioactive
material, excepted package, instruments, UN 2911” in the
Nature and Quantity of Goods box. A Dangerous Goods
Declaration is not required for air transport. No Bill of Lading is
required for a Private Carrier (owner of the gauge) shipment,
this includes the day to day transport to jobsites.
Model 4590 C-3

Accident Notification Requirements
If there is a reportable incident during transportation of the
gauge, the operator is required to notify, at the earliest practical
moment, the U.S. DOT at 1-800-424-8802. A reportable
incident is an accident that occurs during the course of
transportation (including loading, unloading, and temporary
storage) in which fire, breakage, spillage, or suspected
contamination occurs involving the radioactive materials.
As this is an exempt device, there is no requirement to notify
any Radioactive Materials regulatory or licensing authority.
C-4
Appendix D:
Radiation Theory &
Safety
This appendix covers the following topics and tasks:
 Radiological Information
 Leak Testing
 Training
 Disposal
 Emergency Procedures
 Gauge Use Precautions
Model 4590 D-1

Radiological Information
The Model 4590 contains 3.3 MBq (90 µCi) of Cesium-137
(Cs-137) in the form of a sealed source. The source is located in
an extendable source rod. The source rod provides protection
against release of radioactivity under normal use and likely
accident conditions, including fire.
WARNING!
Do not attempt to disassemble or remove the
radioactive source from this device.
The radiation levels near the Model 4590 are very low.
Therefore, no special radiological precautions are necessary for
operation of the device:
♦ Radiation safety training is not required to operate the
gauge.
♦ Personnel radiation monitoring is not required.
♦ Sealed source leak testing is not required.
♦ Radiation area posting is not required.
The maximum radiation levels in or near the Model 4590 are
shown in the table below:
Dose Rate
Location
mrem/h μSv/h
External surface (5 cm) 0.22 2.2
Distance of 30 cm 0.03 0.3
Distance of 100 cm <0.01 <0.1
D-2
NOTE
The receipt, possession, use, and transfer of the
Model 4590 are exempt from licensing by the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) or Agreement
States.
Model 4590 D-3

Leak Testing
Routine leak testing of the Model 4590 is not required in the
USA due to the low activity of the source. However, if you
desire to perform a leak test of the Model 4590, please perform
the following using the Troxler Model 3880 Leak Test Kit (P/N
102868) and accompanying instructions.
1. Write the date, gauge model number, and serial number on
the sample form and label.
2. Ensure that the source rod is in the SAFE position.
3. Turn the gauge on its side and locate the opening where the
source rod extends through the gauge base.
4. Holding the wipe disk with tongs, wipe the area around and
inside the opening where the source rod extends from the
gauge base.
5. Pack the disk, as instructed, in the envelope and mail to
Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. for analysis.
6. Secure the gauge properly.
NOTE
Sample analysis must be performed by
a licensed laboratory only.
WARNING!
Ensure that the source rod is in the SAFE
position.
D-4
Training
Because the Model 4590 is a device exempt from regulations in
the USA, there is no requirement for radiological safety training
to use the gauge. However, training is required to transport the
gauge (DOT HAZMAT) and operate the gauge. Troxler offers
training classes that meet regulatory agency training
requirements for nuclear gauge users and for DOT HAZMAT.
Model 4590 D-5

Disposal
The Model 4590 contains a small radioactive source. It is
recommended that users return the device to Troxler at the end
of its useful life for removal and disposal of the radioactive
sources in the most environmentally responsible manner.
Please contact Troxler for further information.
D-6
Emergency Procedures
If the nuclear gauge is lost or stolen, then immediately notify the
gauge owner. The gauge owner should complete the emergency
contact information on the lines furnished below. This
information should be readily available to the gauge operator at
all times.
Gauge Owners Name

Gauge Owners Phone
Additional Contact
Additional Contact
If a gauge is damaged, then follow the steps below:

1. Locate the gauge and/or sources.
2. Do not touch or move the gauge.
3. Immediately rope off an area around the nuclear gauge
and/or sources. A radius of 6 ft. (2 m) is sufficient. Do not
leave the area unattended.
4. Keep all unauthorized personnel from the nuclear gauge.
5. The gauge user should perform a visual inspection of the
nuclear gauge to determine if the source housing or
shielding has been damaged.
6. Contact the gauge owner (name and number given at the
beginning of this section). Provide the gauge owner with the
following:
The date, time, and location of the accident
The gauge model and serial number
The nature of the accident
The location and condition of the gauge and/or source
Model 4590 D-7

NOTE
The dose rate at 1 meter (3 feet) from the gauge is
less than 0.01 mrem/hr.
7. If you are unable to reach the Gauge Owner, then call the
Other Contact (name and number given at the beginning of
this section).
8. Follow the instructions of the Gauge Owner. The Gauge
Owner may need to report the incident.
D-8
Gauge Use Precautions
The following precautions should be observed when
transporting, storing, maintaining, or operating the gauge.
♦ Never touch the unshielded tip of the source rod with your
bare hands.
♦ When not taking readings, always keep the source rod in the
SAFE (shielded) position. For added user safety, the source
rod automatically retracts to the SAFE position when the
gauge is lifted by the handle.
♦ Do not store or transport the gauge unless the source is in
the SAFE position.
♦ The package should be inspected prior to each shipment.
♦ The package should be securely blocked and braced in
the vehicle to prevent shifting during transport.
♦ When preparing a test site, use the drill rod assembly to drill
the test hole. Under no circumstances should the source
rod of the gauge be used to drill holes.
♦ Do not tamper with or modify the gauge. Also, do not
remove the sealed source from the gauge. Tampering with
or modifying the gauge or removing the sealed source can
be dangerous.
♦ Before shipping a gauge to Troxler for service or repair,
obtain an RGA (Returned Goods Authorization) number
from the Troxler Customer Service Department, as
described in Appendix A.
Model 4590 D-9

Appendix E:
Unit Conversion
This chapter contains the following topics and tasks:
 Measurement units
 Radiological units
Model 4590 E-1

The Model 4590 gauges can display measurement results in
either SI (metric) units or English units. Also, HM-181 of 49 CFR
changes the standard units of radioactivity in the United States
from the English unit of curies (Ci) to the SI unit of becquerel
(Bq). This requires the shipper to convert the activity on the Bill
of Lading from curies to becquerels (GBq). Until everyone is
accustomed to the SI units, it is permitted to follow the SI units
with the English units in parentheses to clarify the description
[for example: 1.48 GBq (40 mCi)].
To help convert from English units to SI units, the following
provides SI conversion factors for common English units
relevant to the gauge.
E-2
Measurement Units
1 in. = 25.4 mm
1 in. = 2.54 cm
1 ft. = 30.48 cm
1 ft. = 0.3048 m
1 pcf = 16.02 kg/m3

1 pcf = 1.6 × 10-2 g/cm3Radiological Units
1 rem = 0.01 Sv
1 Ci = 37 GBq
1 mCi = 37 MBq
1 µCi = 37 kBq
The following table is provided to assist in converting from
millicuries to gigabequerels:
mCi to GBq
8.0 0.30
40 1.48
0.09 .00333
Model 4590 E-3

Appendix F:
Standard Count Log
This chapter contains the following Work Sheets:
 Standard Count Log

 Moisture Probe Calibration Worksheet
Model 4590 F-1

Standard Count Log
Use the form in this appendix as a guide when recording the
daily standard counts. To verify gauge stability, compare the
daily standard count to the average of the last four recorded
standard counts. It may be useful to copy or scan this page
for future use.
F-2
Standard Count Log
Gauge Serial Number
Date DS BGD Date DS BGD
Model 4590 F-3

Moisture Probe Cal Profile Worksheet
This worksheet is intended to assist the user in collecting the
moisture probe data in the field when performing the Moisture
Probe Cal Profile (see page 5–15). It may be useful to copy or
scan this page for future use.
F-4
Moisture Probe Cal Profile Generation Worksheet
I Date Soil Jobsite
Test site Test Site Test site Test Test site Test Site
1 2 3 Site 4 5 6
WD
Diff
True %M
7 8 9 Site 10 11 12
WD
Diff
True %M
II Date Soil Jobsite
1 2 3 Site 4 5 6
WD
Diff
True %M
7 8 9 Site 10 11 12
WD
Diff
True %M
III Date Soil Jobsite
1 2 3 Site 4 5 6
WD
Diff
True %M
7 8 9 Site 10 11 12
WD
Diff
True %M
Model 4590 F-5

Appendix G: Global
Positioning System (GPS)
This appendix covers the following topics:
 GPS Accuracy
The Model 4590 Surface Density Gauge can be equipped with an

optional GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver that provides
accurate information on the location (latitude and longitude) of
the gauge.
Model 4590 G-1

GPS Accuracy
As described earlier, the Model 4590 gauge can be equipped
with an optional GPS receiver that determines the location
(latitude and longitude) of the gauge. This information is stored
with each gauge measurement. The GPS receiver used in the
Model 4590 has Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)
capabilities, which provides accuracy to within 3 m (10 ft.).
However, the accuracy is dependent upon the user’s location
and other factors as described below.
The global positioning system is a satellite-based navigation
system that consists of 24 satellites and a network of ground
stations that monitor and control those satellites. The satellites
orbit the earth at an altitude of approximately 11,000 miles and
constantly transmit signal information back to earth. A GPS
receiver uses this information to determine its location.
To determine its latitude and longitude, a GPS receiver must
receive the signals from at least three satellites.
On average, the receiver used in the gauge is accurate to within
15 m (approximately 50 ft.) when receiving GPS data alone.
However, the WAAS capabilities can increase the accuracy to
within 3 m (10 ft.), as shown in Table 5.
The accuracy of GPS information can be affected by a number of
atmospheric forces and other conditions. The Wide Area
Augmentation System (WAAS) corrects for these factors by
placing GPS receivers at 25 known, precisely surveyed locations,
called reference stations, across the United States. The reference
stations determined a measured distance to each satellite using
the signals received from the satellites. For each satellite, the
stations compare the measured distance to the actual range (as
calculated from its known position) to determine a differential
correction for each satellite
Two master stations, located on either coast, collect data from
the reference stations to create a GPS correction message. This
message is then broadcast through two geostationary satellites
that are in a fixed position over the equator. The GPS receiver
applies the correction factors contained in the correction
message to increase the accuracy of its measurements.
G-2
Note that the signals from the WAAS satellites may not be
available to gauge users in locations where trees, mountains,
and other large objects obstruct the view of the horizon. On
other occasions, the GPS receiver may not be able to access the
signals from the three satellites required to determine a
position. As noted earlier, the gauge stores location information
with the results of each measurement. The measurement
display also denotes the quality of the location fix as follows:
 If WAAS information is available during a gauge
measurement, the latitude and longitude displays to the
nearest hundredth (1/100) of a second.
 If a GPS location is determined, but the WAAS
information is unavailable, the latitude and longitude be
displays to the nearest tenth (1/10) of a second.
 If the GPS receiver cannot determine a location, the
latitude and longitude is denoted as 0.
NOTE
The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) is
currently functional only in the United States.
NOTE
If a Model 4590 equipped with the GPS option is
moved a long distance between uses, the GPS system
must be allowed to initialize. Initialization may take as
long as 30 to 45 minutes after the gauge is powered
and GPS enabled. The gauge must be positioned such
that the GPS receiver can receive signals from the GPS
satellites. If the GPS does not initialize within 45
minutes, contact your Troxler representative.
Model 4590 G-3

Table 5. GPS Position Accuracy
Quality of
Accuracy Fix Quality
GPS Data
Latitude and longitude

GPS reading Within 3 m
displayed to nearest 1/100
with WAAS (10 ft.)
second
Latitude and longitude

GPS reading Within 15 m
displayed to nearest 1/10
without WAAS (50 ft.)
second
No GPS Latitude and longitude

N/A
reading displayed as 0.
G-4
INDEX
Access code ................................................................................................ xv
Accessories .............................................................................................. 1–5
Accident notification....................................................................... B–C-4
Alkaline batteries........................................................................... A–A-11
Automatic
Depth mode .................................................................................................. 3–12
Shutdown.....................................................................................................B–B-4
Automatic shutdown............................................................................ 3–8
Auto-Store .............................................................................................8–12
Batteries
Alkaline .............................................................................................................. 5–9
Battery ..................................................................................................A–A-9
Alkaline use...............................................................................................A–A-11
Charge ......................................................................................... B–B-4, A–A-10
Charging....................................................................................................A–A-10
Specifications ..............................................................................................B–B-4
Status................................................................................................................ 5–12
Battery preference ................................................................................ 5–9
Bluetooth
Mode Setting ................................................................................................ 5–10
Uploading Data .............................................................................................. 8–8
Calibration................................................................................................ 2–4
Cesium-137 .............................................................................................D-2
Cesium-137 (Cs-137)............................................................................ 2–2
Charge
Batteries.....................................................................................................A–A-10
Charging battery ........................................................................... A–A-10
Cleaning
Base and top shell ..................................................................................A–A-12
Clock/Calendar ........................................................................... 3–13, 9–3
Convert units....................................................................................... E–E-2
Count
Standard ............................................................................................................ 4–5
Time .................................................................................................................. 3–10
Index
Count time ............................................................................................... 5–3
Create project ......................................................................................... 8–5
Customer name ..................................................................................... 9–6
Data storage .......................................................................................... 4–19
Date
Format ................................................................................................................ 9–4
Date, changing ....................................................................................... 9–4
Deactivate project ............................................................................... 8–11
Density ...................................................................................................... 2–5
Offset .................................................................................................................. 2–5
Offset enable ................................................................................................... 7–4
Depth
Mode .................................................................................................................. 5–6
Detectors .................................................................................................. 2–2
Direct transmission ............................................................................... 2–2
Drift test .................................................................................................. 5–20
Enable
Density offset .................................................................................................. 7–4
Moisture offset ............................................................................................... 7–7
Erase
Project ................................................................................................................ 8–6
Standard counts ............................................................................................. 9–8
Erratic readings ....................................................................................5–18
Fix quality (GPS)............................................................................... H–G-3
Gauge
Source rod positions .................................................................................... 3–5
Geiger-Mueller (G-M) tubes.............................................................. 2–2
Global positioning system (GPS) ......................................5–7, H–G-1
Initialization...........................................................................3–13, 5–8, H–G-3
Half-life...................................................................................................... 9–7
Humidity ...............................................................................................F–B-5
ID number, sample .............................................................................8–12
Index rod positions ............................................................................... 3–5
Inspection
Daily .................................................................................................................... 3–9
Model 4590 Index

Upon receipt .................................................................................................... 1–7
Licensing ................................................................................................... 1–4
Log, standard count .........................................................................F–F-3
Low battery warning ............................................................................ 9–9
Maintenance
Mechanical ................................................................................................A–A-12
Malfunction indicators ...................................................................A–A-4
Manual
Depth mode .................................................................................................. 3–12
Store ................................................................................................................. 8–14
Measurement........................................................................................4–13
Site preparation.............................................................................................. 4–2
Source rod positions .................................................................................... 3–5
Specifications ..............................................................................................B–B-2
Mechanical
Maintenance.............................................................................................A–A-12
Menu
Target ................................................................................................................. 6–2
Mode
Depth.................................................................................................................. 5–6
Direct transmission ....................................................................................... 2–2
Ready.................................................................................................................. 3–7
Moisture
Offset enable ................................................................................................... 7–7
Moisture probe
Calibration ...................................................................................................... 5–15
Calibration profile........................................................................................ 5–15
Offset ......................................................................................................... 2–5, 7–2
NRC............................................................................................................. 1–4
Offset ......................................................................................................... 2–5
Density ............................................................................................................... 2–5
Function ............................................................................................................ 7–2
Menu .................................................................................................................. 7–3
Moisture probe...................................................................................... 2–5, 7–2
Trench ....................................................................................................... 2–5, 7–6
Options ..................................................................................................... 5–7
Output project........................................................................................ 8–7
Index
Parameter setup ..................................................................................3–10
Parts
Gauge ................................................................................................................. 1–5
Replacement............................................................................................ A–A-14
Percent air voids ..................................................................................5–13
Photons ..................................................................................................... 2–2
Port
Serial ................................................................................................................... 8–7
USB ...................................................................................................................... 8–7
Position
Safe ...................................................................................................................... 3–5
Source rod ........................................................................................................ 3–5
Precautions .................................................................................A–D-9
Precision .............................................................................................. B–B-2
Function ................................................................................................................ 5–15
Print
Drift test ...........................................................................................................5–22
Stat test ............................................................................................................5–19
Project
Create ................................................................................................................. 8–5
Deactivate .......................................................................................................8–11
Erase .................................................................................................................... 8–6
Menu................................................................................................................... 8–2
Output data ...................................................................................................... 8–7
Print data ........................................................................................................... 8–7
Select .................................................................................................................. 8–3
View ..................................................................................................................... 8–4
Radiation
Converting units.........................................................................................E–E-2
Dose Information.....................................................................................D–D-2
Specifications.............................................................................................. B–B-3
Radiological information....................................................................D-2
Ready mode ............................................................................................ 3–7
Recall data..............................................................................................4–20
Recharge time ................................................................................... B–B-4
Replacement
Parts ............................................................................................................ A–A-14
Model 4590 Index
Safe position ........................................................................................... 3–5
Sample identification (ID) number................................................ 8–12
Serial
Port...................................................................................................................... 8–7
Service ............................................................................................... A–A-16
Service Centers ........................................................................................... iii
Set units .................................................................................................... 5–5
Setup
Depth................................................................................................................ 3–12
First-time......................................................................................................... 3–10
Measurement Units .................................................................................... 3–11
Menu .................................................................................................................. 5–2
Shipping............................................................................................... C–C-1
Case ................................................................................................................F–B-5
Shutdown, automatic............................................................. 3–8, B–B-4
Site
Preparation ...................................................................................................... 4–2
Soil and base course measurement ....................................................... 4–2
Standard count ............................................................................................... 4–5
Software reset.......................................................................................9–10
Source
Cesium-137 (Cs-137) ........................................................................... 2–2, 9–7
Decay .................................................................................................................. 9–7
Source rod
Positions ............................................................................................................ 3–5
Specifications..................................................................................... B–B-1
Measurement ..............................................................................................B–B-2
Standard count....................................................................................... 4–5
Log .................................................................................................................. F–F-2
Stat test ...................................................................................................5–18
Status
Battery .............................................................................................................. 5–12
Store
Auto .................................................................................................................. 8–12
Manual ............................................................................................................. 8–14
Measurements .............................................................................................. 4–19
Index
Store data ...............................................................................................4–19
Target
Menu................................................................................................................... 6–2
Temperature........................................................................................F–B-5
Test
Drift ...................................................................................................................5–20
Stat ....................................................................................................................5–18
Theory
Offset .................................................................................................................. 2–5
Time
Count .................................................................................................................. 5–3
Format ................................................................................................................ 9–4
Time, changing ....................................................................................... 9–3
Time, count ............................................................................................3–10
Training ..................................................................................................... 1–4
Transport case ....................................................................................F–B-5
Trench offset .................................................................................. 2–5, 7–6
Troubleshooting ...............................................................................A–A-2
Unit conversion.................................................................................. E–E-2
Units, measurement ............................................................................. 5–5
Unpacking ................................................................................................ 1–7
USB port.................................................................................................... 8–7
User ID ........................................................................................... 3–13, 9–5
View
Drift test ...........................................................................................................5–22
Project ................................................................................................................ 8–4
Stat test ............................................................................................................5–19
Void ratio ................................................................................................5–13
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)............................ H–G-2
Model 4590 Index

TROXLER ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES, INC.
LIMITED WARRANTY
TROXLER ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES, INC., and subsidiary, TROXLER
INTERNATIONAL, LTD., hereinafter referred to as “TROXLER,” warrants this
instrument, Model , Serial Number , against defects in material
and workmanship for a period of twelve (12) months from date of shipment. For
products sold through authorized TROXLER representatives, the date of shipment will
be as of the transfer from representative to purchaser. During the applicable warranty
period, TROXLER’s obligation under this warranty shall be limited exclusively to the
repair at a TROXLER facility at no charge, except for shipping to and from
TROXLER’S plant, of any instrument which may prove defective under normal use
and which TROXLER’s examination shall disclose to its satisfaction to be thus
defective. Normal use is defined for the purpose of this warranty as operation under
normal load, usage, and conditions with proper care and maintenance and competent
supervision. In no event shall TROXLER be held liable for damages, delays, or losses
consequential, incidental, or otherwise attributable to the failure of this instrument.
TROXLER’s liability being specifically limited to repair as stated hereinabove. This
warranty is automatically initiated except where modified by contractual or other
written and signed agreement.
THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE
DESCRIPTION ON THE FACE HEREOF, AND THIS WARRANTY IS
EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED, AND TROXLER NEITHER ASSUMES, NOR AUTHORIZES ANYONE
TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SALE OF THE INSTRUMENT. THIS WARRANTY SHALL NOT APPLY TO THE
INSTRUMENT OR ANY PART THEREOF, WHICH HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO
DAMAGE BY ACCIDENT, NEGLIGENCE, ALTERATION, ABUSE, MISUSE, OR
SERVICE NOT AUTHORIZED IN WRITING BY TROXLER. SUCH DAMAGE TO
INCLUDE BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO BURNING OF CIRCUIT BOARDS AND
HARNESS FROM IMPROPER SOLDERING TECHNIQUES AND DAMAGE TO
THE INSTRUMENT DUE TO PURCHASER’S FAILURE TO PERFORM
MAINTENANCE AS OUTLINED IN THE AUTHORIZED OPERATOR’S
MANUAL. DUE TO THE NATURE OF THEIR USE, MECHANICAL
ACCESSORY PARTS AND BATTERIES ARE WARRANTED FOR 90 DAYS
ONLY FROM DATE OF SHIPMENT.
TROXLER ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES, INC.
3008 E. Cornwallis Road
Post Office Box 12057
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
NOTICE TO CONSUMERS
Any disclaimer or limitation on the remedies expressed above shall not be
effective to the extent prohibited by state or federal law.
NOTE: THIS WARRANTY EXCLUDES DAMAGE INCURRED IN
SHIPMENT. IF THIS INSTRUMENT IS RECEIVED IN DAMAGED
CONDITION, THE CARRIER SHOULD BE CONTACTED IMMEDIATELY.
ALL CLAIMS FOR DAMAGE IN TRANSIT SHOULD BE FILED WITH
THE CARRIER. IF REQUESTED, TROXLER WILL AID IN FILING OF
CLAIMS AND/OR LOCATING PRODUCTS LOST IN TRANSIT.
Warranty
NOTES
Notes

UM-4590 - 4590 User Manual - Ed 3.4

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UM-4590 - 4590 User Manual - Ed 3.4

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Manual of Operation and Instruction

Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc.

No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in

Magnalube-G is a registered trademark of Magnalube, Inc.

Model 4590 iii

Model 4590 vii

〈KEY〉 This style indicates a key or character to press on the

1. Indicates a procedure with multiple steps.

Gauge cover is to be removed by trained service

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................... 1–1

CHAPTER 2: THEORY OF OPERATION ........................... 2–1

CHAPTER 3: PREPARING FOR USE .................................. 3–1

CHAPTER 4: USING THE GAUGE ...................................... 4–1

CHAPTER 5: SETUP MENU ................................................. 5–1

CHAPTER 6: TARGET MENU.............................................. 6–1

CHAPTER 7: CALIBRATION OFFSETS.............................. 7–1

CHAPTER 8: PROJECT DATA ............................................. 8–1

Output Project ......................................................................................... 8–7

Set Output Destination .......................................................................... 8–9

CHAPTER 9: EXTENDED MENU ........................................ 9–1

APPENDIX A: MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTINGA-1

Model 4590 xiixi

APPENDIX D: RADIATION THEORY & SAFETY............D-1

APPENDIX E: UNIT CONVERSION ..............................E-1

APPENDIX F: STANDARD COUNT LOG ...........F-1

APPENDIX G: GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)..G-1

Figure 2. Model 4590 Gauge Components ..................................... 3–2

Figure 3. Model 4590 Control Panel .................................................. 3–3

Figure 4. Source Rod Positions............................................................ 3–5

Figure 5. Drill Rod Positioning ............................................................. 4–3

Figure 6. Marking the Test Area .......................................................... 4–4

Figure 7. Gauge Position on Soil ......................................................... 4–9

Model 4590 xiii

Table 2. Spreadsheet Column Definitions ........................................ 8–8

Table 3. Error Messages ........................................................................ A-6

Table 4. Typical Battery Operating Life............................................. A-9

Table 5. GPS Position Accuracy ..........................................................G-4

This unit contains functions that require an Access Code

THE ACCESS CODE IS FOR THIS GAUGE IS:

 An introduction to your new Model 4590 gauge

Model 4590 1-1

Using the Model 4590 gauge, you can precisely measure

Model 4590 1–3

Owners are encouraged to require study of this manual before

Model 4590 1–5

Model 4590 1–7

Model 4590 2–1

Model 4590 2–3

Figure 1.1: Probe in Measurement Mode

Model 4590 2–5

 Overview of the control panel

Model 4590 3–1

Figure 2. Model 4590 Gauge Components

Figure 3. Model 4590 Control Panel

Model 4590 3–3

〈SETUP〉 Displays the gauge Setup menu.

〈OFFSET〉 Enable, disable, or change an offset.

〈TARGET〉 Select, enter, or disable a Proctor.

〈MODE〉 Take a background count.