SQL Commands
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name datatype;
ALTER TABLE lets you add columns to a table in a database.
AND
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_1 = value_1
AND column_2 = value_2;
AND is an operator that combines two conditions. Both conditions must be true for
the row to be included in the result set.
AVG()
SELECT AVG(column_name)
FROM table_name;
AVG() is an aggregate function that returns the average value for a numeric
column.
BETWEEN
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value_1 AND value_2;
The BETWEEN operator is used to filter the result set within a certain range. The
values can be numbers, text or dates.
COUNT()
SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name;
COUNT() is a function that takes the name of a column as an argument and counts
the number of rows where the column is not NULL.
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE table_name (
column_1 datatype,
column_2 datatype,
column_3 datatype
);
CREATE TABLE creates a new table in the database. It allows you to specify the
name of the table and the name of each column in the table.
DELETE
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE some_column = some_value;
DELETE statements are used to remove rows from a table.
INSERT
INSERT INTO table_name (column_1, column_2, column_3)
VALUES (value_1, 'value_2', value_3);
INSERT statements are used to add a new row to a table.
IS NULL / IS NOT NULL
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IS NULL;
IS NULL and IS NOT NULL are operators used with the WHERE clause to test for empty
values.
LIMIT
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
LIMIT number;
LIMIT is a clause that lets you specify the maximum number of rows the result set
will have.
MAX()
SELECT MAX(column_name)
FROM table_name;
MAX() is a function that takes the name of a column as an argument and returns
the largest value in that column.
MIN()
SELECT MIN(column_name)
FROM table_name;
MIN() is a function that takes the name of a column as an argument and returns
the smallest value in that column.
ORDER BY
SELECT column_name
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name ASC | DESC;
ORDER BY is a clause that indicates you want to sort the result set by a particular
column either alphabetically or numerically.
ROUND()
SELECT ROUND(column_name, integer)
FROM table_name;
ROUND() is a function that takes a column name and an integer as arguments. It
rounds the values in the column to the number of decimal places specified by the
integer.
SELECT
SELECT column_name
FROM table_name;
SELECT statements are used to fetch data from a database. Every query will begin
with SELECT.
SELECT DISTINCT
SELECT DISTINCT column_name
FROM table_name;
SELECT DISTINCT specifies that the statement is going to be a query that returns
unique values in the specified column(s).
SUM
SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name;
SUM() is a function that takes the name of a column as an argument and returns
the sum of all the values in that column.
UPDATE
UPDATE table_name
SET some_column = some_value
WHERE some_column = some_value;
UPDATE statements allow you to edit rows in a table.
WHERE
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value;
WHERE is a clause that indicates you want to filter the result set to include only
rows where the following condition is true.
