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Object:-A) - To Study DSB Amplitude Modulation & Determine Its Modulation Factor & Power

This document describes an experiment on amplitude modulation. The objectives are to study double sideband amplitude modulation and determine its modulation factor and power in the sidebands. The apparatus used includes modules ACL-01 and ACL-02, a power supply, oscilloscope, connecting links, and frequency counter. The theory section explains amplitude modulation and its spectrum. The power in the carrier and sidebands is derived. The experimental procedure connects the function generator output to the modulator input and varies parameters to observe the modulation on the oscilloscope.

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ANIL CHAUDHARY
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175 views4 pages

Object:-A) - To Study DSB Amplitude Modulation & Determine Its Modulation Factor & Power

This document describes an experiment on amplitude modulation. The objectives are to study double sideband amplitude modulation and determine its modulation factor and power in the sidebands. The apparatus used includes modules ACL-01 and ACL-02, a power supply, oscilloscope, connecting links, and frequency counter. The theory section explains amplitude modulation and its spectrum. The power in the carrier and sidebands is derived. The experimental procedure connects the function generator output to the modulator input and varies parameters to observe the modulation on the oscilloscope.

Uploaded by

ANIL CHAUDHARY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBJECT:-

A)-To study DSB amplitude modulation & determine its modulation factor & power
in side bands.

APPARATUS USED:-
1. Modules ACL-01 & ACL-02
2. Power supply.
3. 20MHz Oscilloscope.
4. Connective links
5. Frequency Counter

THEORY:-

Block Diagram of Amplitude Modulation

AMPLITUDE MODULATION:

In Amplitude Modulation the amplitude of high frequency sine wave (carrier) is


varied in accordance with the instantaneous value of the modulating signal.
Consider a sine signal Vm(t) with frequency f
Vm(t)=B•sin(2πf•t)

And another sine signal vc(t) is called modulating signal, the signal Vc(t) is called
carrier signal.

Vc(t) = A•Sin (2πF•t)

The signal Vm(t) is called modulating signal; the signal Vc(t) is called carrier
signal.Vary the amplitude of the carrier Vc(t) adding the modulating signal Vm(t) to
A. You obtain a signal vM(t) amplitude modulated, which can be expressed by

vM(t)=[A+k) •B•sin(2πf•t)] •sin(2πF•t) = A• [1+m) •sin(2πf•t)] •sin(2πF•t)

With k=constant of proportionality.

Percentage modulation signal is defined as

m= ((K·B)/A) · 100

With reference to FIG.7, the modulation index m can be calculated as in this way

m=((H-h)/(H+h))·100%

SPECTRUM OF THE MODULATED SIGNAL:

With simple trigonometric passages, the relation expressing the modulated signal vM
becomes:

vM(t)=A•sin(2πF•t)+m•A/2•cos [(2π (F-f) •t]-m•A/2•cos[(2π (F+f) •t)]

From which we can deduce that the signal modulated in amplitude by a sine
modulator consists of three sine components:

A·sin(2pF·t) Carrier

m•A/2•cos[(2π (F-f•·t)]
Lower side band
m•A/2•cos [(2π (F+f) •t)]
Upper side band

Particularly effective is the representation of the modulated signal into an Amplitude/


frequency diagram. FIG.8reports the different components of the AM signal, in the
amplitude/ frequency diagram as well as the amplitude/ time diagram.

POWER OF THE MODULATED SIGNAL:


The total power of an AM signal is the sum of the contributions of the carrier and the
upper and lower side bands.
Considering a sine modulating signal and a load resistance R, the different
components supply the following powers:
PC= A²/2·R
Power associated to the carrier
PL= (m·A) ²/8·R
Power associated to the lower side band
PU= (m·A) ²/8·R
Power associated to the upper side band

It is important to note that:


The power associated with the carrier is fixed and does not depend on the
modulation. The power associated with each side band depends on the index of
modulation and reaches maximum 25 % of the power of the carrier (50 % of the
two side bands together).

EXPERIMENTAL SET UP/PROCEDURE:-

PROCEDURE:

• Refer to block diagram and Carry out the following connections.


• Keep all the switch faults in OFF position.
• Connect SINE OUT post of FUNCTION GENERATOR SECTION (ACL-01) to the i/p of
Balance Modulator1 (ACL-01) SIGNAL IN Post.
• To connect o/p of VCO (ACL-01) RF OUT post to the input of Balance modulator 1
CARRIER IN post (ACL-01).
• Connect the power supply with proper polarity to the kit ACL-01 & ACL- 02, while
connecting this; ensure that the power supply is OFF.
• Keep switches SW1 towards 1-10 KHz position.
• Keep Out post LEVEL about 0.5Vpp; FREQ. About 1 KHz.

RESULT: -

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