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    Le Chatelier's - Common Ion Effect

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    Chenoa Sandhi C. Singh
    The document reviews key concepts in stoichiometry, Le Châtelier's principle, writing solubility product expressions (Ksp), calculating molar solubility, the ion product constant for water (Kw), and how the common ion effect decreases the solubility of a precipitate. It provides examples of stoichiometric calculations, applying Le Châtelier's principle to predict equilibrium shifts, writing Ksp expressions, calculating the maximum amount of a sparingly soluble salt that can dissolve in a given volume of water, and calculating hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations from Kw to determine the pH of a solution.

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    Le Chatelier's - Common Ion Effect

    Uploaded by

    Chenoa Sandhi C. Singh
    43 views13 pages
    The document reviews key concepts in stoichiometry, Le Châtelier's principle, writing solubility product expressions (Ksp), calculating molar solubility, the ion product constant for water (Kw), and how the common ion effect decreases the solubility of a precipitate. It provides examples of stoichiometric calculations, applying Le Châtelier's principle to predict equilibrium shifts, writing Ksp expressions, calculating the maximum amount of a sparingly soluble salt that can dissolve in a given volume of water, and calculating hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations from Kw to determine the pH of a solution.

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    Le Chatelier's_ common ion effect

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    The document reviews key concepts in stoichiometry, Le Châtelier's principle, writing solubility product expressions (Ksp), calculating molar solubility, the ion product constant for water (Kw), and how the common ion effect decreases the solubility of a precipitate. It provides examples of stoichiometric calculations, applying Le Châtelier's principle to predict equilibrium shifts, writing Ksp expressions, calculating the maximum amount of a sparingly soluble salt that can dissolve in a given volume of water, and calculating hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations from Kw to determine the pH of a solution.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    43 views13 pages

    Le Chatelier's - Common Ion Effect

    Uploaded by

    Chenoa Sandhi C. Singh
    The document reviews key concepts in stoichiometry, Le Châtelier's principle, writing solubility product expressions (Ksp), calculating molar solubility, the ion product constant for water (Kw), and how the common ion effect decreases the solubility of a precipitate. It provides examples of stoichiometric calculations, applying Le Châtelier's principle to predict equilibrium shifts, writing Ksp expressions, calculating the maximum amount of a sparingly soluble salt that can dissolve in a given volume of water, and calculating hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations from Kw to determine the pH of a solution.

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    of 13

    TOPICS:

    - REVIEW OF STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS (CHAPTER 4)


    - REVIEW OF LE CHATELIER’S PRINCIPLE
    - WRITING KSP EXPRESSIONS
    - SOLVING FOR MOLAR SOLUBILITY
    - KW AND PH OF SOLUTIONS
    - THE COMMON-ION EFFECT ON THE SOLUBILITY OF A PRECIPITATE
    A. Review of Stoichiometry
    Example 4-13
    What mass of Ag2CO3 (275.7 g/mol) is formed when 25.0 mL of 0.200 M AgNO3 are mixed with 50.0 mL
    of 0.0800 M Na2CO3?

    Balanced equation: 2 AgNO3(aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) Ag2CO3 (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq)

    Given:
    M AgNO3 = 0.200
    V AgNO3 = 0.0250 L
    M Na2CO3 = 0.0800
    V Na2CO3 = 0.0500L
    MM Ag2CO3 = 275.7g/mol

    Find:
    mass of Ag2CO3 produced (also called the theoretical yield)
    Solution:

    Mol AgNO3 = MV AgNO3= (0.200M) (0.0250L) = 5.00 x 10 -3

    Mol Na2CO3 = MV Na2CO3 = (0.0800M) (0.0500L)= 4.00 x 10 -3

    If AgNO3 is the limiting reactant (LR), the # of moles of Na2CO3 needed is:

    Mol Na2CO3 = 5.00 x 10 -3 mol AgNO3 ( 1 Na2CO3/2AgNO3) = 2.5 x 10 -3 mol

    Is it available? YES
    Therefore, the LR is AgNO 3.

    Theoretical yield of Ag2CO3 = 5.00 x 10 -3 mol AgNO3 ( 1 Ag2CO3/2 AgNO3) (275.7g/mol Ag2CO3)
    = 0.689 g
    B. Le Châtelier’s Principle

    - states that the position of chemical equilibrium always shifts in a direction that tends to relieve the effect
    of an applied stress.

    Example:

    Consider the following equilibrium when answering questions 1 to 5.


    N2O4 (g) + heat 2 NO 2 (g)

    1) Which of the following is true about the reaction when an amount of NO 2 (g) is added to the equilibrium
    reaction?
    a. Equilibrium will shift to consume N2O4 (g).
    b. Equilibrium will shift to produce more NO 2 (g).
    c. Equilibrium will shift to consume the NO 2 (g).
    d. No effect on the equilibrium.
    2. Which of the following is true about the reaction when the pressure is lowered by increasing the volume of
    the reaction container?

    a. Equilibrium will produce more N2O4 (g) to offset the pressure drop.
    b. Equilibrium will shift to the right to produce more NO2 (g).
    c . Equilibrium will shift to consume more NO2 (g).
    d. No effect on the equilibrium

    3. Which of the following is true about the reaction when the temperature is raised?

    a. Equilibrium will shift to the left.


    b. Equilibrium will shift to the right.
    c. Equilibrium will shift to produce more heat.
    d. No effect on the equilibrium.
    4. Which of the following is true about the reaction when a catalyst is added to the system?

    a. Equilibrium will shift to the left.


    b. Equilibrium will shift to the right.
    c. Equilibrium will shift to lower the heat.
    d. No effect on the equilibrium.

    5. Which of the following will increase the Keq of the equilibrium of the reaction?

    a. Add NO2 (g).


    b. Heat the reaction container.
    c. Put the reaction container in ice.
    d. Add a catalyst.
    C. Writing Solubility Product (Ksp) Expression

    Example:

    Write the Ksp expression for the following compound s:

    1) BaC2O4
    2) Al(OH)3
    3) CaF2
    4) CuI

    Answer:
    1) BaC2O4(s) Ba2+ (aq) + C2O4 2- (aq)

    Ksp = [Ba2+ ] [C2O4 2- ]


    2) Al(OH)3(s) Al3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq)

    x 3x

    Ksp = [Al3+] [OH-]3

    3) CaF2(s) Ca2+ (aq) + 2 F-(aq)


    Ksp= [Ca2+] [F-] 2

    4) CuI(s) Cu+ (aq) + I-(aq)


    Ksp= [Cu+] [I-]
    Question:

    How many grams of Al(OH)3 can be dissolved in 500mL of water?

    Solution:
    Al(OH)3(s) Al3+ (aq) + 3 OH- (aq)

    Molar solubility of Al(OH)3


    Ksp= [Al3+] [OH-]3
    3 x 10-34 = (x) (3x)3
    X= 1.83 x 10-9 M

    In 500mL of water, the weight of Al(OH)3 that can be dissolved is


    = (1.83 x 10-9 mol/L Al(OH)3) (0.500L) (78.01g/mol Al(OH)3

    = 7.14 x 10-8 g
    Question:

    How many grams of BaC2O4 can be dissolved in 200mL of water?

    Solution:
    BaC2O4(s) Ba2+ (aq) + C2O42- (aq)

    Molar solubility of BaC2O4


    Ksp= [Ba2+] [C2O42-]
    1 x 10-6 = (x) (x)
    X= 1 x 10-3M

    In 200mL of water, the weight of BaC2O4that can be dissolved is


    = (1x 10-3 mol/L BaC2O4 ) (0.200L) (225.35g/mol BaC2O4)

    = 0. 045g
    D. Ion-Product Constant for Water (Kw)

    2 H2O H3O+ + OH-

    Kw= [H3O+] [OH-]

    Note: Kw is temperature-dependent, thus, the pH of water will vary at different temperatures.

    Example:
    At 50⁰C, Kw= 5.47 x 10 -14. Calculate the pH of water at this temperature.

    Kw= [H3O+] [OH-]


    5.47 x 10 -14 = (x) (x)
    X= 2.34 x10 -7M

    pH= -log 2.34 x10 -7 = 6.631


    Example 9-2
    Calculate the hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations and the pH and pOH of 0.200 M aqueous NaOH
    at 25°C.

    NaOH (aq) Na+(aq) + OH- (aq) since NaOH is a strong electrolyte, it will undergo complete ionization
    0M 0.200M 0.200M

    pOH= - log 0.200= 0.6990


    pH= 14-0.6990= 13.301

    [H3O+]= antilog (-pH)=5.0 x 10 -14 M


    E. The Effect of Common-Ion on the Solubility of a Precipitate

    EXAMPLE 9-4
    Calculate the molar solubility of Ba(IO3)2 in a solution that is 0.0200 M in Ba(NO 3)2.

    Ba(IO3)2(aq) Ba2+(aq) + 2 IO3-(aq)


    At eq: 0.0200+x 2x

    Ksp= [Ba2+][IO3-]2
    1.57 x 10-9= (0.0200+x) (2x)2

    Assume that x is negligible to simplify the eq’n:


    1.57 x 10-9= (0.0200) (2x)2
    1.57 x 10-9= 0.08x2
    X= 1.40x 10-4 M solubility in the presence of 0.0200M common ion (Ba2+ from Barium nitrate)

    Compared with the molar solubility of pure Ba(IO3) = 7.32 x 10-4M, it can be concluded that the presence of a
    common on decreases the solubility of a precipitate.

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