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Chemistry Grade 9 Lesson Note

This document contains chemistry lesson notes for Grade 9 on the topic of stoichiometry, including limiting and excess reactants, theoretical, actual, and percentage yields. Key points covered include: - The reactant that is completely consumed is the limiting reactant, while the unconsumed reactant is excess. - Theoretical yield is the calculated amount of products, actual yield is the measured amount, and percentage yield is the actual divided by theoretical. - Oxidation is the loss of electrons, reduction is the gain of electrons. Oxidation numbers are assigned according to set rules such as elements in their free state having an oxidation number of 0.

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1K views5 pages

Chemistry Grade 9 Lesson Note

This document contains chemistry lesson notes for Grade 9 on the topic of stoichiometry, including limiting and excess reactants, theoretical, actual, and percentage yields. Key points covered include: - The reactant that is completely consumed is the limiting reactant, while the unconsumed reactant is excess. - Theoretical yield is the calculated amount of products, actual yield is the measured amount, and percentage yield is the actual divided by theoretical. - Oxidation is the loss of electrons, reduction is the gain of electrons. Oxidation numbers are assigned according to set rules such as elements in their free state having an oxidation number of 0.

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micahx
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ETHIO NATIONAL SCHOOL

RD
2020 G.C 3 QUARTER CHEMISTRY LESSON NOTE FOR GRADE 9

 Dear students: - Copy the note and do the given homework on your exercise book!
Subject: ___chemistry _________ Grade & section _______9(A – F) ____
Unit: 4
Main topic: ______stoichiometry _
Sub topic/s: limiting and excess reactants, theoretical, actual of percentage yields
Page range from: 131 to 132
Monday, March 30, 2020

- The reactant that is completely consumed in the reaction is known as the limiting reactants, because
it limits or determines the amount of products that can be formed.
- The reactant that is not completely consumed in the reaction in known as the excess reactants.
Example: How much ammonia is produced if 10gm of H2 reacts with 18gm of N2?
Solution: first 3H2 + N2 2NH3 determine the mole if each reactants
Mole of (n)(H2) = = mole = 1.67mole excess =
28x = 18 x 34
X = 21.5gm
Mole of (n) (N2) = = 0.64 mole limiting

Given assignment only from the text book፡ exercise 4.11, #1, #2, #3, #4, #5

Prepared by Mr. Yohannes W. Attested by Mr. Zeray K. Page 1 of 5


Tuesday, March 31, 2020
Page 134 to 135
Theoretical, actual and percentage yields
- The measured amount of products obtained in any chemical reaction is known as the actual yield.
- The theoretical yield`s the calculated amount of products that would be obtained of the reaction
proceeds completely.
- The actual yield (experimentally determined yield) of a product is usually less than the theoretical
(calculated yield) the percentage yield is the ration of the actual yield to the theoretical yield
multiplied by 100.

Percentage yield = x 100

Given assignment only from the text book፡ take example 10 exercise 4.12 page 134 to 135

Prepared by Mr. Yohannes W. Attested by Mr. Zeray K. Page 2 of 5


Wednesday, April 1, 2020
Oxidation and reduction reaction
- Oxidation is the process in which a substance loses electrons in a chemical reaction,
- Reduction is the process in which a substance gains electrons in a chemical reaction
+ -
Example: 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
Reduction
Oxidation

2Na + 2e- 2Na+, oxidation


Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl-, reduction

Given assignment only from the text book፡ example page 136 and 137

Prepared by Mr. Yohannes W. Attested by Mr. Zeray K. Page 3 of 5


Thursday, April 2, 2020
Oxidation number or oxidation state
- Oxidation number or oxidation state is the number of electrons that an atom appears to have gained
or lost when it is combined us with other atoms.
- Rules for assigning oxidation numbers
Rule -1: the oxidation number of all elements in Free State is zero. This rule is also applied for diatomic or
poly atomic elements.
Example: the oxidation numbers Na = 0, Cu = 0, Cl2 = 0, O3 = 0.
Rule – 2: The oxidation number of a monoatomic ionic equal to the charge on the ion. Example: Na+ = 1,
Mg2+ = 2, S2- = -2.

Given assignment only from the text book፡ write rule 3 – rule from the text book on page 140.

Prepared by Mr. Yohannes W. Attested by Mr. Zeray K. Page 4 of 5


Friday, April 3, 2020
The oxidation number of oxygen in a compound is usually -2 except in the following cases.
The oxidation no of oxygen in:
i. peroxide is -1 example Na2O2,
ii. Super-oxide is -1/2 example KO2
iii. Oxygen di fluoride is +2 examples OF2
Rule – 4: the oxidation number hydrogen in its entire compound is +1 except in metal hydrides NaH, CaH 2,
AlH3 the oxygen number of hydrogen is -1.
Rule – 5: The sum of oxidation number of all atoms in a neutral compound is zero (0).
Rule – 6: In poly atomic ion, the sum of the oxidation number of the constituent atoms equals the charge
on the ion. SO42- = -2 PO43- = -3
Rule – 7: the oxidation number of group IA is +1 of group IIA +2.

Exercise 4.13
#1, #2, #3

Prepared by Mr. Yohannes W. Attested by Mr. Zeray K. Page 5 of 5

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