0% found this document useful (0 votes)
48 views4 pages

Relation and Function

1. The document defines an equivalence relation R on the natural numbers based on remainders when divided by 5. R partitions the natural numbers into 5 disjoint subsets. 2. The function f(x)=x/(x+1) is shown to not be one-to-one or onto on the real numbers. 3. The relation R defined on the set {1,2,3,4,5} by R={(a,b): |a^2-b^2|<8} is written out explicitly.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
48 views4 pages

Relation and Function

1. The document defines an equivalence relation R on the natural numbers based on remainders when divided by 5. R partitions the natural numbers into 5 disjoint subsets. 2. The function f(x)=x/(x+1) is shown to not be one-to-one or onto on the real numbers. 3. The relation R defined on the set {1,2,3,4,5} by R={(a,b): |a^2-b^2|<8} is written out explicitly.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

1.

In the set of natural numbers N , define a relation R as follows:


n, m∈N , nRm if on division by 5 each of the integers n and m leaves the remainder less
than 5 , i.e. one of the numbers 0,1,2,3and 4 . Show that R is equivalence relation. Also ,
obtain the pairwise disjoint subsets determined by R.

Solution. R is reflexive since for a∈N ,aRa,


R is symmetric since if aRb , then bRA for a,b∈ N
Also R is transitive since for a,b,c∈ N , if aRb , bRc then aRc
Hence R is an equivalence relation in N which will partition the set N in to the pairwise
disjoint subsets. The equivalent classes are as mentioned below:
A0={5,10,15,20,25,…}
A1={1,6,11,16,21,26,…}
A2={2,7,12,17,22,27,…}
A3={3,8,13,18,23,28,…}
A4={4,9,14,19,24,29,…}
It is evident that the above five sets are pair wise disjoint and
A0 ∪ A 1 ∪ A 2 ∪ A3 ∪ A 4 =¿ i=0 ¿ 4 A i

x
2. Show that the function R → R defined f(x)= 2
,∈ R is neither one- one nor onto.
x +1
Solution: For x 1 , x 2 ∈ R , consider f( x 1 ¿=f (x2 )
x1 x2
⇒ 2
= 2
=x 1 x 22+ x1=x 2 x 12+ x 2
x +1
1 x2 +1

⇒ x 1 x 2 ( x 2−x1 )= ( x 2−x 1 )

⇒ ( x 2−x 1 ) ( x1 x 2−1 )=0

⇒ x 1 x 2=1∨x1 ¿ x 2

1
2 2 1 2 2
() = i .e .f(2)= f 1 = 2
f(x) is not one-one. f(2)= 2 =
2 +1 5
f 2 =
1 2
5 ()
2 5
()
2
+1

1
2≠ Hence f is not one-one.
2
Also f is not onto for if so then for 1∈ R ∃ x ∈ R such that f ( x )=1which gives

1
x
2
=1. But there isno such x∈the domain R , since the equationthen
x +1

x 2−x +1=0 ⟹ D=−3< 0 Therefore does not give any real value of x.
D=(−1)2−4=−3<0 ⇒ roots are not real .
There f(x) is not onto.
3. Write the relation R be defined on the set A= {1,2,3,4,5} by
2 2
R={( a , b ) :|a −b |< 8 }.

Solution: Given A= {1,2,3,4,5}, R={( a , b ) :|a 2−b2|< 8 }

R={ ( 1,1 ) , ( 1,2 ) , (2,1 ) , ( 2,2 ) , ( 2,3 ) , ( 3,2 ) , ( 3,3 ) , ( 4,3 ) , ( 3,4 ) , ( 4,4 ) , ( 5,5 ) }

4. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N×N defined by (a,b)R
(c,d)
⇔ad(b+c)=bc(a+ d). Check whether R is an equivalence relation on N×N.
(a,b)R (c,d) ⇔ad(b+c)=bc(a+d)
Reflexivity:
(a,b)R (a,b) ⇔ab(b+a)=ba(a+b) is true
Therefore R is Reflexive.
Symmetry:
(a,b)R (c,d) ⇔ad(b+c)=bc(a+d)
(c,d)R (a,b)=cb(d+a)=da(c+b) is true by commutative of addition and multiplication on N
Therefore R is Symmetric.
Transitivity:
Let (a, b) , (c, d) and (e, f)∈ N × N
b+ c a+ d
(a, b)R (c , d) ⇔ad(b+c)=bc(a+d) ⇒ =
bc ad
1 1 1 1
⇒ + = + … … … … … (i)
b c a d
d + e c +f
(c, d) R(e, f) ⇔ cf ( d+ e ) =de ( c + f ) ⇒ =
de cf
1 1 1 1
⇒ + = + …………..(ii)
d e c f
By adding (i) and (ii) we get
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + = + + +
b c d e a d c f

2
1 1 1 1
+ = +
b e a f
⇒ af ( b+ e )=be ( a+ f ) ⇒ ( a , b ) R( e , f )
Therefore R is transitive.
Since R is Reflexive, Symmetric and transitive therefore R is an equivalence
5. Write the smallest equivalence relation on the set A={1,2,3}

{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)}
6. If set A has 3 elements and the set B has 5 elements. Then find the number of injective
functions that can be defined from A to B.
5
p3 = 60
7. Given f(x)= sinx, check if the function f is one-one in (0,π ¿.
π 2 π √3
NO since sin =sin = It is many one function
3 3 2
8. “The relation R={( a , b): a ≤ b2 } on the set of all real numbers is not reflexive.” –
Justify the above statement with an example.
1 1
For any one correct example. e . g . ≥
2 4

9. Let A be any non-empty set and P(A) be the power set of A. A relation R defined on P(A)

by X R Y ⇔ X∩Y= X, where X,Y∈ P(A). Examine whether R is


Symmetric.
X R Y  X∩Y =X => Y∩ X=X => Y R X
Hence symmetric

10. Check whether the function f: R → R given by f ( x )=x + √ x 2 is one-one or not.

F is not one-one because f (−1 ) =f ( 0)

11. If A={1,2,3} , B={4,5,6,7} and f={(1,4),(2,5), (3,6)}is a function from A to B. State


whether f is onto or not. Justify your answer.
Range={4,5,6}
Codomain= ={4,5,6,7}
Since range ≠ codomin ∴ f isnot onto

3
12. Check whether the relation R on the set {1,2,3}given by R={(1,2),(2,1)}is transitive or
not.

Since ( 1,1 ) does not belong to R therefore R is not transitive

You might also like