E-Notes of Mathematics: VIII

Unit NO :1

Exercise #1.1
Que 1: Find three subsets of the following sets.
i) A = { 2, 4}
Subsets = { }, {2}, {4}
ii) B = { a, c, e}
Subsets = { }, {a}, {e}
Q2: Find all possible subsets of the following sets.
I) { -1, 0 , 1}
Subsets = { }, {-1}, {0}, {1}, {-1, 0}, {-1, 1}, {0,1}, { -1, 0 , 1}
II) {}
Subsets = { }
III) { m , n, o , p}
Subsets = { }, {m}, {n}, {0}, {p}, {m,n}, {m,o}, {m,p}, { n, o}, {n, p}, {o, p},{m, n, o},
{m, n , p}, {m ,o, p},{n, o ,p }, { m , n, o , p}
Q3: Write four proper subsets and one improper subset of the following sets.
i. { -1, -2 , -3}
Proper Subsets = { }, {-1}, {-2}, {-3}
Improper subset = { -1, -2 , -3}
1 3 4 5
ii. { 2,4,5,6 }
1 3 4 5
Proper Subsets = {2 }, {4}, {5}, {6}
1 3 4 5
Improper subset = { 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 }
iii. { pen, pencile, copy }
Proper Subsets = {pen }, {{ pen, pencile}, {pencile, copy}, {pen, copy}
Improper subset ={ pen, pencile, copy }
Q4: name the set which has
i) Only one subset
Ans: empty set
ii) Only one proper subset
Ans: singleton set
 iii) No proper subset
Ans: empty set
Q 5: Write the number of elements in the power set in the following sets
i) { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
No of elements in the power set = 2n
Here n = 5
No of elements in the power set = 25 = 32
ii) {0, 1 2, 3, 4, 5,}
No of elements in the power set = 2n
Here n = 6
No of elements in the power set = 26 = 64
iii) {}
No of elements in the power set = 2n
Here n = 0
No of elements in the power set = 20 = 1
Q 6: Find the power set of the following sets.
i) { a, b}
Power set = { { }, {a}, {b}, {a ,b } }
ii) {0, 2, 4}
Power set = { { }, {0}, {2}, { 4 } {0 ,2 }, { 0 , 4} , {2, 4 }, {0, 2, 4} }
iii) { 1, 2, 3, 4}
Power set = { { }, [1}, {2}, {3}, { 4 } {1 ,2 }, {1, 3}, { 1 , 4} , {2 , 3}, {2, 4 }, {3, 4}, {1, 2,
3},
{1, 2, 4}, {1 , 3, 4}, { 2, 3, 4 }, { 1, 2, 3, 4} }
iv) {101}
Power set = { { }, {101} }
v) [ }
Power set = { { }}
 Exercise # 1.2
Q 1: verify commutative property of union for the following sets.
Proof:
A ={ 2, 3, 5, 7, 11} , B = { 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
AUB = BUA
L.H.S
AUB = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11} U { 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
= { 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
R.H.S
BUA = { 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} U { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11}
= { 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
Hence proved
AUB = BUA
Q 2: verify commutative property of Intersection for the following sets.
Proof: X = { s, c, I, e, n} Y = {m, a, t, h, e, I, c, s}
XΠY = Y ΠX
L.H.S
XΠY ={ s, c, I, e, n}Π{m, a, t, h, e, I, c, s}
= {c, e, I, s}
R.H.S
Y ΠX ={m, a, t, h, e, I, c, s}Π{ s, c, I, e, n}
= {c, e, I, s}
Hence proved
XΠY = Y ΠX
Q 3: If M = Set of vowels in English alphabets, N = set of consonants in English alphabets.
Then verify
i) MUN = NUM,
L.H.S
MUN= { a, e, i, o, u} U { b, c, d, f,……,x, y, z}
 = {a, b, c, d,…….,x, y, z}
R.H.S
NUM = { b, c, d, f,……,x, y, z} U { a, e, i, o, u}
= {a, b, c, d,…….,x, y, z}
ii) MΠN = NΠM
L.H.S
MΠN= { a, e, i, o, u} Π { b, c, d, f,……,x, y, z}
MΠN = { }
R.H.S
NΠM = { b, c, d, f,……,x, y, z} Π { a, e, i, o, u}
= {}
Hence proved
MΠN = NΠM
Q 4: verify associative property of union.
i) A = { 0,1,2,3,…….,10}, B = {1,2,3,4,5}, c = { 0,2,4,6,8 }
AU(BUC) = (AUB)UC
L.H.S
AU(BUC) = { 0,1,2,3,…….,10} U [{1,2,3,4,5} U { 0,2,4,6,8 }]
= { 0,1,2,3,…….,10} U { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,8}
= { 0,1,2,3,…….,10}
R.H.S
(AUB)UC = [{ 0,1,2,3,…….,10} U {1,2,3,4,5}] U { 0,2,4,6,8 }
= [{ 0,1,2,3,…….,10} U { 0,2,4,6,8 }
= { 0,1,2,3,…….,10}
Hence proved AU(BUC) = (AUB)UC

1 2 3 4 −1 −2 −3 −4 −2 2 3 −3
ii) P = {2 , 3 , 4 , 5 } , Q={2 , 3
, 4
, 5
}, R = { 3 ,3,4 4
}
PU(QUR) = (PUQ)UR
 L.H.S
1 2 3 4 −1 −2 −3 −4 −2 2 3 −3
PU(QUR) = {2 , 3 , 4 , 5 } U [{ 2 , , , } U { 3 ,3,4 }]
3 4 5 4
1 2 3 4 −1 −2 −3 −4 2 3
= {2 , 3 , 4 , 5 } U { 2 , , , , 3 , 4}
3 4 5
−1 −2 −3 −4 1 2 3 4
={2 , , , , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5}
3 4 5

R.H.S
1 2 3 4 −1 −2 −3 −4 −2 2 3 −3
(PUQ)UR = [{2 , 3 , 4 , 5 } U { 2 , , , } ] U { 3 ,3,4 }
3 4 5 4
−1 −2 −3 −4 1 2 3 4 −2 2 3 −3
={ , , , , , , , }U{ , , }
2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 3 3 4 4
−1 −2 −3 −4 1 2 3 4
={2 , , , , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5}
3 4 5

Hence proved PU(QUR) = (PUQ)UR

Q 5: verify associative property of intersection.
i) A = { 0,1,2,3,4,5}, B = {-5,-4,-3,-2,-1}, c = { -2,-1,0,1,2}
AΠ (BΠC) = (AΠB) Π C
L.H.S
AΠ (BΠC) = { 0,1,2,3,4,5} Π [{-1,-2,-3,-4,-5} Π { -2,-1,0,1,2}]
= { 0,1,2,3,4,5}Π{-2,-1}
={ }
R.H.S
(AΠB) Π C = [{ 0,1,2,3,4,5} Π [{-1,-2,-3,-4,-5} ]Π { -2,-1,0,1,2}]
= { } Π { -2,-1,0,1,2}
={ }
Hence proved AΠ (BΠC) = (AΠB) Π C
ii) X = { 2,3,,5,7,11,13,17,19}, Y = {1,3,5,7,…….,19}, Z = { 2,4,6,8,…..,20}
XΠ (YΠZ) = (XΠY) Π Z
L.H.S
XΠ (YΠZ) = { 2,3,,5,7,11,13,17,19}Π[{1,3,5,7,…….,19}Π{ 2,4,6,8,…..,20}]
= { 2,3,,5,7,11,13,17,19} Π { }
={ }
 R.H.S
(XΠY) Π Z = [{ 2,3,,5,7,11,13,17,19}Π{1,3,5,7,…….,19}]Π{ 2,4,6,8,…..,20}
= { 3,,5,7,11,13,17,19} Π{ 2,4,6,8,…..,20}
={ }
Hence proved XΠ (YΠZ) = (XΠY) Π Z
Q 6: If X = { 1,2,3,…….,10}, Y = {0,2,4,6,8,10} and Z = { 0,1,2,3,…….,10}, then show that
i) XU (YUZ) = (XUY) UZ
L.H.S
XU (YUZ) = { 1,2,3,…….,10}U[{0,2,4,6,8,10}U{ 0,1,2,3,…….,10}]
= { 1,2,3,…….,10}U{ 0,1,2,3,…….,10}
= { 0,1,2,3,…….,10}
R.H.S
(XUY) UZ = [{ 1,2,3,…….,10}U{0,2,4,6,8,10}]U{ 0,1,2,3,…….,10}
= { 0,1,2,3,…….,10}U{ 0,1,2,3,…….,10}
= { 0,1,2,3,…….,10}
Hence proved XU (YUZ) = (XUY) U Z
ii) XΠ (YΠZ) = (XΠY) Π Z
L.H.S
XΠ (YΠZ) = { 1,2,3,…….,10}Π [{0,2,4,6,8,10}Π{ 0,1,2,3,…….,10}]
={ 1,2,3,…….,10}Π{0,2,4,6,8,10}
= {2,4,6,8,10}
R.H.S
(XΠY) Π Z = [{ 1,2,3,…….,10}Π{0,2,4,6,8,10}]Π{ 0,1,2,3,…….,10}
= {2,4,6,8,10}Π{ 0,1,2,3,…….,10}
= {2,4,6,8,10}
Hence proved XΠ (YΠZ) = (XΠY) Π Z
 Exercise # 1.3
Q 1: Prove that
a) AU(BΠC) = (AUB) Π (AUC)
i) A = { 0,1,2,3}, B = {2,3,4,5,6}, c = { 5,6,7,8,9,10}
L.H.S
AU (BΠC) = { 0,1,2,3}U[{2,3,4,5,6}Π{ 5,6,7,8,9,10}]
= { 0,1,2,3}U{5,6}
= { 0,1,2,3,5,6}
R.H.S
(AU B)Π(AUC) = [{ 0,1,2,3}U{2,3,4,5,6}]Π[{ 0,1,2,3}U{ 5,6,7,8,9,10}]
= { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6}Π{ 0,1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10}
= { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6}
Hence proved AU(BΠC) = (AUB) Π (AUC)
ii) A = { l,m,n,o,p,q}, B = {r,s,t,u} c = { t,u,v,w}

L.H.S
AU (BΠC) = { i,m,n,o,p,q}U[{r,s,t,u}Π{ t,u,v,w}]
= { i,m,n,o,p,q} U {t,u}
= { i,m,n,o,p,q,t,u}

R.H.S
(AU B)Π(AUC) =[ { i,m,n,o,p,q}U{r,s,t,u}]Π[{ i,m,n,o,p,q}U{ t,u,v,w}]
= { i,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u} Π{ i,m,n,o,p,q,t,u,v,w}
= { i,m,n,o,p,q,t,u}
Hence proved AU(BΠC) = (AUB) Π (AUC)
iii) A = { +,÷,x}, B = {-,x, ÷}, c = { -,÷,√}
L.H.S
AU (BΠC) = { +,÷,x} U [{-,x, ÷}Π{ -,÷,√}]
= { +,÷,x} U { - , ÷}
= { +,-,÷,x}
R.H.S
(AU B)ΠAUC) = [ { +,÷,x} U {-,x, ÷}]Π[{ +,÷,x} U{ -,÷,√}]
= { +,-,÷,x} Π { +,-,÷,x,√}
= { +,-,÷,x}
Hence proved AU(BΠC) = (AUB) Π (AUC)
 b) AΠ (BUC) = (AΠB) U (AΠC)
i) A = { 0,1,2,3}, B = {2,3,4,5,6}, c = { 5,6,7,8,9,10}
L.H.S
AΠ (BUC) = { 0,1,2,3}Π[{2,3,4,5,6}U{ 5,6,7,8,9,10}]
= { 0,1,2,3}Π{2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10}
= { 2,3 }
R.H.S
(AΠ B)U(AΠC) = [{ 0,1,2,3}Π{2,3,4,5,6}]U[{ 0,1,2,3}Π{ 5,6,7,8,9,10}]
= { 2,3 }U{ }

= { 2,3 }
Hence proved AΠ (BUC) = (AΠB) U (AΠC)
ii) A = { l,m,n,o,p,q}, B = {r,s,t,u} c = { t,u,v,w}
L.H.S
AΠ (BUC) = { i,m,n,o,p,q}Π [{r,s,t,u}U{ t,u,v,w}]
= { i,m,n,o,p,q} Π {r,s,t,u,v,w}
={}

R.H.S
(AΠ B)U(AΠC) = [ { i,m,n,o,p,q} Π {r,s,t,u}]U[{ i,m,n,o,p,q} Π { t,u,v,w}]
={}U{}
={}

Hence proved AΠ (BUC) = (AΠB) U (AΠC)

iii) A = { +,÷,x}, B = {-,x, ÷}, c = { -,÷,√}
L.H.S
AΠ (BUC) = { +,÷,x} Π [{-,x, ÷}U{ -,÷,√}]
= { +,÷,x} Π { - , ÷,x, √}
= { ÷,x}
R.H.S
(AΠ B)U(AΠC) = [ { +,÷,x} Π {-,x, ÷}]U[{ +,÷,x} Π{ -,÷,√}]
= { ÷,x} U{ ÷}
= { ÷,x}
Hence proved AΠ (BUC) = (AΠB) U (AΠC)
Q 3: Verify distributive property of union over intersection.
P = {1,2,3,…….}, Q = { 0,1,2,3,,…….}, R = {0, ±1, ±2, ±3,…….}

PU(QΠR) = (PUQ) Π (PUR)

L.H.S
PU(QΠR) = {1,2,3,…….}U[{ 0,1,2,3,,…….} Π {0, ±1, ±2, ±3,…….}]
= {1,2,3,…….} U {0,1,2,3,,…….}
= { 0,1,2,3,,…….}
R.H.S
(PU Q)Π(PΠR) = [{1,2,3,…….} U{ 0,1,2,3,,…….}]Π[{1,2,3,…….}U{0, ±1, ±2, ±3,…….}]
= {0,1,2,3,…….}U{0,1,2,3,…….}
= {0,1,2,3,…….}
Hence proved PU(QΠR) = (PUQ) Π (PUR)
Q 4: Verify distributive propertyof intersection over union.
X = { }, Y = {0}, Z ={1,2,3,…….}
XΠ (YUZ) = (XΠZ) U (XΠZ)
L.H.S
XΠ (YUZ) = { } Π[ {0}U{1,2,3,…….}]
= { } Π {1,2,3,…….}
={ }
R.H.S

(XΠZ) U (XΠZ) = [{ } Π{0}]U [{ } Π {1,2,3,…….}]

={ }U{ }
={ }
Hence proved XΠ (YUZ) = (XΠZ) U (XΠZ)
Q 5: If U = {1,2,3,4,……,10}, A = {2,3,5,7,9} and B = { 2,4,6,8,10}, then prove that

i) (AUB)’ = A’ Π B’

L.H.S
(AUB)’ = U – (AUB) = {1,2,3,4,……,10} – [{ 2,3,5,7,9} U { 2,4,6,8,10}]
= {1,2,3,4,……,10} - {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
={1}
 R.H.S

A’ Π B’ = (U-A) Π (U-B)= [{1,2,3,4,……,10} – {2,3,5,7,9}] Π [{1,2,3,4,……,10} - { 2,4,6,8,10}]

= { 1,4,6,8,10} Π { 1,3,5,7,9}

={1}
Hence proved (AUB)’ = A’ Π B’

Ii) (A Π B)’ = A’ U B’

L.H.S
(A Π B)’ = U – (A Π B) = {1,2,3,4,……,10} – [{ 2,3,5,7,9} Π { 2,4,6,8,10}]
= {1,2,3,4,……,10} - {2}
= { 1,3,4,5,…..,10}
R.H.S

A’ U B’ = (U-A) Π (U-B)= [{1,2,3,4,……,10} – {2,3,5,7,9}] U [{1,2,3,4,……,10} - { 2,4,6,8,10}]

= { 1,4,6,8,10} U { 1,3,5,7,9}

= { 1,3,4,5,…..,10}
Hence proved (A Π B)’ = A’ U B’

Q 5: Verify Demorgen’s laws for the following sets.

U = { 0,1,2,3,……….,20}, C = {0,2,4,6,……….,20}, D = {1,3,5,7,………..,19}
i) (CUD)’ = C’ Π D’
L.H.S
(CUD)’ = U – (CUD) = {0,1,2,3,4,……,20} – [{0,2,4,6,……….,20}U{1,3,5,7,………..,19}]
= {0,1,2,3,4,……,20} – {0,1,2,3,4,……,20}
={ }

R.H.S
C’ Π D’ = (U-C) Π (U-D)= [{0,1,2,.…,20} – {0,2,4,….,20}Π[{0,1,2,……,20} - {1,3,5,7,………..,19}]

= { 1,3,5,…..,19} Π { 0,2,4,6,……..,20}
={ }
Hence proved (CUD)’ = C’ Π D’
ii) (C Π D)’ = C’ U D’
L.H.S
(C Π D)’ = U – (C Π D) = {0,1,2,3,4,……,20} – [{0,2,4,6,……….,20} Π {1,3,5,7,………..,19}]
 = {0,1,2,3,4,……,20} – { }
= {0,1,2,3,4,……,20}

R.H.S
C’ U D’ = (U-C) U (U-D)= [{0,1,2,.…,20} – {0,2,4,….,20}U[{0,1,2,……,20} - {1,3,5,7,………..,19}]

= { 1,3,5,…..,19} U { 0,2,4,6,……..,20}
= {0,1,2,3,4,……,20}
Hence proved (C Π D)’ = C’ U D’
 Exercise # 1.4
Q 1: Shade AU(B ΠC), A Π(BUC), (AUB) UC, A Π(B ΠC).

AU(B ΠC A Π(BUC)

(AUB) UC A Π(B ΠC)

Q 2: Verify associative law of union and intersection with the help of adjoining diagram.
i) Associative law of union
LU(MUN) = (LUM)UN

ii) Associative law of intersection

LΠ(MΠN) = (LΠM)ΠN

Q 3: Verify the following property with the help of adjoining diagram.

I) Distributive property of union over intersection.

XU(YΠZ) (XUY) Π(XUZ)

XU(YΠZ)= shaded region (XUY) Π(XUZ) = shaded and dotted region

II) Distributive property of intersection over union.

Xn(YUZ) (XnY)U(XnZ)

Xn(YUZ) = shaded and dotted region (XnY)U(XnZ) = shaded region

 Summary chapter # 1
1. Set is a collection of well defined and distinct objects.
2. If A and B are two sets then A is called Subset of B if each element of set A is
contained in setB.
3. There are two Types of subset proper subset and improper subset.
4. The power set of any set is a set containing all possible subsets of a given set.
5. Properties of sets
i) AUB = BUA
ii) AΠB = A ΠB
iii) AU(BUC) = (AUB)UC
iv) AΠ (BΠC) = (AΠB) Π C
v) AU(BΠC) = (AUB) Π (AUC)
vi) AΠ (BUC) = (AΠB) U (AΠC)
vii) (AUB)’ = A’ Π B’
viii) (A Π B)’ = A’ U B’

Examination task chapter # 1

Q NO:1. Circle the correct option i.e. A / B / C / D. each part carries one mark.
i) if A is a subset of B then A – B is equal to
a. A b. B c. empty set d. B – A
ii) set of common element of A and A’ is a ___________ set.
a. infinite b. singleton c. universal d. null
iii) every non-empty set posses only one
a. improper subset. b. proper subset.
c. subset. d. super set
iv) If A = {1,2,3,4} then number of subset of A is
a. 4 b. 8 c. 16 d. 12
v) any set A can never be a subset of
a. A’ b. superset of A c. Universal set d. finite set

Q NO:2. Verify Demorgen’s law for the following sets.

U = { 0,1,2,3,……….,20}, C = {0,2,4,6,……….,20}, D = {1,3,5,7,………..,19}

Q NO:3. Find the power set of {-1, 1 , 0 , 2}
Q NO:4. Verify associative law of union for the following sets.

A ={-1, 1 , 0 , -2} , B = {-1, 1 , 0 , 2}, C ={-1 , 0 , - 2}

E-Notes of Mathematics: VIII

Unit NO :2
Real Numbers
Exercise # 2.1

Q 1: Which of the following are rational or which are irrational.

5 25 13
Rational Numbers:√9 , 12, 9, √100 , √169 , ,
9 2

Irrationals numbers: √8, √126, √26

Q 2: Write the following in decimal representation and state which of them are terminating
and non-terminating decimals.
4
i) = 0.4444444… (Non-terminating)
9
13
ii) = 0.65 (Terminating)
20
1
iii) = .16666….. (Non-terminating)
6
7
iv) = 2.3333…… (Non-terminating)
3
9
v) = 1.125 (Terminating)
8
13
vi) = 1.625 (Terminating)
8
11
vii) = .73333……… (Non-terminating)
15
7
viii) = .636363……. (Non-terminating)
11

Q 3: Name the type of decimals also state whether they are rational or irrational numbers.
i) 1.2578 (Terminating and rational number)
ii) 0.33333…… (Terminating and rational number)
iii) 1.4142135662 (Non-terminating and irrational number)
iv) 5.1428557142857 (Non-terminating and irrational number)
v) 2.236067977 (Non-terminating and irrational number)
vi) 4.363636…… (Terminating and rational number)
vii) 4.123105626 (Non-terminating and irrational number)

Exercise # 2.2
Q 1: Find the square of the following numbers.

i) 82 = 8x8=64
ii) 122 =12x12=144
iii) 172 =17x17=289
iv) 252 =25x25=625
v) 392 =39x39=1521
vi) 1002 =100x100=10000
vii) 1252 =125x125=15625
viii) 2002 =200x200=40000
ix) 5002 =500x500=250000
x) 9002 =900x900=810000
Q 2: Tell which of the following are perfect square.

i) 64=22x22x22x22x22x22 (Perfect square)

ii) 82=2x41 (Not a perfect)
iii) 99=32x11 (Not a perfect)
iv) 144= 22x22x32 (Perfect square)
v) 900=22x32x52 (Perfect square)
vi) 125=52x5 (Not a perfect)
vii) 169=132 (Perfect square)
viii) 250=52x2x5 (Not a perfect)

Q 3: Write the patterns of square of the following numbers.

i) 32= 9 =1+2+3+3+2+1
ii) 82 = 64= 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+1
iii) 92 = 81 = 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+1
iv) 102 = 100 =1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+1
v) 122 =144=1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+11+10+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+1
vi) 152=
225=1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+14+13+12+11+10+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+
1
vii) 202=400=1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15+16+17+18+19+20+19+18+17+16+
15+14+
13+12+11+10+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2+1

Exercise # 2.3
Q.1 Find the square root of the following by factorization.
(i) 256 2 256

√256 = √2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 2 128

= √22 x 22 x 22 x 22 2 64
= 2x 2 x 2 x 2 2 32

√256 = 16 Ans ` 2 16
 2 8
2 4
2 2
1
(ii) 400 2 400

√400 = √2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥5𝑥5 2 200

= √22 𝑥22 𝑥52 2 100

= 2x2x5 2 50

√400 = 20 Ans 5 25
5 5
1
(iii) 729 3 729

√729 = √3𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3 3 243

= √3²𝑥3²𝑥3² 3 81
=3x3x3 3 27

√729 = 27 Ans 3 9
3 3
1

(iv) 1296 2 1296

√1296 = √2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3 2 648

= √2²𝑥2²𝑥3²𝑥3² 2 324
= 2x2x3x3 2 162

√1296 = 36 Ans 3 81
3 27
3 9
 3 3
1
(v) 2304 2 2304

√2304 = √2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥3𝑥3 2 1152

= √2²𝑥2²𝑥2²𝑥2²𝑥3² 2 576
=2x2x2x2x3 2 288

√2304 = 48 Ans 2 144

2 72
2 36
2 18
3 9
3 3
1
(vi) 20736 2 20736

√20736 = √2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3 2 10368

= √(2𝑥2)(2𝑥2)(2𝑥2)(2𝑥2)(3𝑥3)(3𝑥3) 2 5184

= √2²𝑥2²𝑥2²𝑥2²𝑥3²𝑥3² 2 2592
= 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x3 x 3 2 1296
= 144 Ans. 2 648
2 324
2 162
3 81
3 27
3 9
3 3
1
(vii) 38416 2 38416
 √38416 = √2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥7𝑥7𝑥7𝑥7 2 19208

= √(2𝑥2)(2𝑥2)(7𝑥7)(7𝑥7) 2 9604

= √2²𝑥2²𝑥7²𝑥7² 2 4802
= 2x2x7x7 7 2401

√38416 = 196 Ans. 7 343

7 49
7 7
1
(viii) 50625 3 50625

√50625 = √3𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3𝑥5𝑥5𝑥5𝑥5 3 16875

= √(3𝑥3)(3𝑥3)(5𝑥5)(5𝑥5) 3 5625

= √3²𝑥3²𝑥5²𝑥5² 3 1875
=3x3x5x5 5 625

√50625 = 225 5 125

5 25
5 5
1

Q.2 Find the square root by division method.

(i) 324 18
1 324
√324 = 18 Ans. 1
28 224
224
x
(ii) 4356 66
6 4356
36
 126 756
756
√4356 = 66 Ans. x

(iii) 6561 81
6561
8 64
161 161
√6561 = 81 Ans 161
X

(iv) 12544 112

1 12544
` 1
21 25
21
222 444
√12544 = 112 Ans. 444
X

(v) 181476 426

4 181476
16
82 214
164
846 5076
5076
√181476 = 426 Ans x

(vi) 531441 729

7 531441
49
142 414
284
1449 13041
√531441 = 729 Ans. 13041
X
 Exercise 2.4
Find the square root of the following.
𝟐𝟓
1. 5 25 7 49
𝟒𝟗
25 5𝑥5
√ = √7𝑥7 5 5 7 7
49

5²
= √7² 1 1
25 5
√ = Ans.
49 7
225
2. 15 225 13 169
169

225 15𝑥15
√ = √13𝑥13 15 15 13 13
169

15²
= . √13² 1 1

225 15
√ = 13 Ans.
169

1681
3. 841
1681 41𝑥41
√ = √29𝑥29 41 1681 29 841
841

41²
= √29² 41 41 29 29
41
= Ans. 1 1
29
361
4. 625
361 19𝑥19
√ = √5𝑥5𝑥5𝑥5 19 361 5 625
625

19²
= √5²𝑥5² 19 19 5 125
19
= Ans. 1 5 25
25
5 5
1
1296
5. 1225
1296 2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥2𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3
√ =√ 5 1225 2 1296 3 81
1225 5𝑥5𝑥7𝑥7

2²𝑥2²𝑥3²𝑥3²
= √ 5 245 2 648 3 27
5²𝑥7²
 2𝑥2𝑥3𝑥3
= 1 2 324 3 9
5𝑥7
36
= 35 Ans. 2 162 3 3
81 1
3025
6. 729
3025 5𝑥5𝑥11𝑥11
√ = √3𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3 5 3025 3 729
729

5²𝑥11²
= √3²𝑥3²𝑥3² 5 605 3 243
5𝑥11
= . 11 121 3 81
3𝑥3𝑥3
11 11 3 27
55
= Ans. 1 3 9
27
3 3
1
2116
7. 2601
2116 2𝑥2𝑥𝑥23𝑥23
√ =√ 51 2601 2 2116
2601 51𝑥51

2²𝑥23²
= √ 51 51 2 1058
51²
2𝑥23
= . 1 23 529
51
46
= Ans 23 23
51
1
2025
8. 1444
2025 3𝑥3𝑥3𝑥3𝑥5𝑥5
√ =√ 2 1444 3 2025
1444 2𝑥2𝑥19𝑥19

3²𝑥3²𝑥5²
= √ 2 722 3 675
2²𝑥19²
3𝑥3𝑥5
= 19 361 3 225
2𝑥19
19 19 3 75
45
= Ans. 1 5 25
38
5 5
1
Simplify the followings.
29 225
1. 449 = 49
225 15𝑥15
√ =√ 3 225 7 49
49 7𝑥7
 15²
= √ 7² 3 75 7 7
15
= 1 1
7
1
= 27

Summary unit # 2
𝑃
 Rational Numbers: These numbers which can be expressed in the form of 𝑞
2 1
Where p and q are integers. e.g. , 3 etc.
3
 Real numbers: a number which is either rational or irrational is called a real
number.
 Terminating decimal: The decimals which are finite numbers of digits in its
decimal part is called terminating decimal.
 Non-terminating decimal: if there is a infinite number of digits after decimal
point.
Examination task chapter # 2
Q NO:1. Simplify
1
√14
16

Q NO:2. Find the square root of the following

2116
i) ii) 531441
2601

Q NO:3. Find the cube root of 4913.

Q NO:4. The area of rectangular garden is 84500 m2. The length of the garden is five times of its
width. Find the length and the width of the garden.