From the Examination Year 2021, a component of Project Work of 20 marks has been introduced in

ISC Mathematics. For the ISC 2021 Examination, candidates will be required to attempt a
Theory paper of 80 Marks and complete Project work of 20 Marks. The detailed syllabus is given
below:
MATHEMATICS (860)

CLASS XII
There will be two papers in the subject:
Paper I : Theory (3 hours) ……80 marks
Paper II: Project Work ……20 marks
PAPER I (THEORY) – 80 Marks
The syllabus is divided into three sections A, B and C.
Section A is compulsory for all candidates. Candidates will have a choice of attempting questions from
EITHER Section B OR Section C.
There will be one paper of three hours duration of 80 marks.
Section A (65 Marks): Candidates will be required to attempt all questions. Internal choice will be provided in
two questions of two marks, two questions of four marks and two questions of six marks each.
Section B/ Section C (15 Marks): Candidates will be required to attempt all questions EITHER from Section B
or Section C. Internal choice will be provided in one question of two marks and one question of four marks.

DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS FOR THE THEORY PAPER

S.No. UNIT TOTAL WEIGHTAGE

SECTION A: 65 MARKS
1. Relations and Functions 10 Marks
2. Algebra 10 Marks
3. Calculus 32 Marks
4. Probability 13 Marks
SECTION B: 15 MARKS
5. Vectors 5 Marks
6. Three - Dimensional Geometry 6 Marks
7. Applications of Integrals 4 Marks
OR
SECTION C: 15 MARKS
8. Application of Calculus 5 Marks
9. Linear Regression 6 Marks
10. Linear Programming 4 Marks
TOTAL 80 Marks

1
 ( x 1− y ± y 1− x )
SECTION A
sin-1 x ± =
sin-1 y sin -1 2 2
1. Relations and Functions
cos y cos ( xy  1 − y 1 − x )
(i) Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric,
transitive and equivalence relations. One to cos x ± =
-1 -1 -1 2 2

one and onto functions, composite functions, x+ y

inverse of a function. Binary operations. similarly tan-1 x +=
tan-1 y tan-1 , xy < 1
1 − xy
• Relations as:
x− y
=
tan -1
x − tan-1 y tan-1 , xy > −1
- Relation on a set A 1 + xy
- Identity relation, empty relation, - Formulae for 2sin-1x, 2cos-1x, 2tan-1x,
universal relation. 3tan-1x etc. and application of these
- Types of Relations: reflexive, formulae.
symmetric, transitive and 2. Algebra
equivalence relation.
Matrices and Determinants
• Binary Operation: all axioms and (i) Matrices
properties
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of
• Functions: matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose
- As special relations, concept of of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric
writing “y is a function of x” as y = matrices. Operation on matrices: Addition
f(x). and multiplication and multiplication with a
scalar. Simple properties of addition,
- Types: one to one, many to one, into, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-
onto. commutativity of multiplication of matrices
- Real Valued function. and existence of non-zero matrices whose
product is the zero matrix (restrict to square
- Domain and range of a function.
matrices of order upto 3). Concept of
- Conditions of invertibility. elementary row and column operations.
- Composite functions and invertible Invertible matrices and proof of the
functions (algebraic functions only). uniqueness of inverse, if it exists (here all
matrices will have real entries).
(ii) Inverse Trigonometric Functions (ii) Determinants
Definition, domain, range, principal value Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3
branch. Graphs of inverse trigonometric matrices), properties of determinants,
functions. Elementary properties of inverse minors, co-factors and applications of
trigonometric functions. determinants in finding the area of a
- Principal values. triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square
- sin-1x, cos-1x, tan-1x etc. and their graphs. matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and
x number of solutions of system of linear
- sin-1x = cos −1 1 − x 2 = tan −1 . equations by examples, solving system of
1 − x2 linear equations in two or three variables
1 π (having unique solution) using inverse of a
- sin-1x= cosec −1 ; sin-1x+cos-1x= and
x 2 matrix.
similar relations for cot-1x, tan-1x, etc.

2
 - Types of matrices (m × n; m, n ≤ 3), 3. Calculus
order; Identity matrix, Diagonal matrix. (i) Continuity, Differentiability and
- Symmetric, Skew symmetric. Differentiation. Continuity and
- Operation – addition, subtraction, differentiability, derivative of composite
multiplication of a matrix with scalar, functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse
multiplication of two matrices trigonometric functions, derivative of
(the compatibility). implicit functions. Concept of exponential
1 1  and logarithmic functions.
1 2 
E.g. 0 2  = AB( say ) but BA is Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential
 2 2 functions. Logarithmic differentiation,
1 1 
derivative of functions expressed in
not possible. parametric forms. Second order derivatives.
- Singular and non-singular matrices. Rolle's and Lagrange's Mean Value
- Existence of two non-zero matrices Theorems (without proof) and their
whose product is a zero matrix. geometric interpretation.
AdjA
- Inverse (2×2, 3×3) A −1 = • Continuity
A
- Continuity of a function at a point
• Martin’s Rule (i.e. using matrices) x = a.
- Continuity of a function in an
a1x + b1y + c1z = d1
interval.
a2x + b2y + c2z = d2 - Algebra of continues function.
a3x + b3y + c3z = d3 - Removable discontinuity.

 a 1 b 1 c1   d1   x • Differentiation
A = a 2 b2 c 2  B = d 2  X =  y 
    - Concept of continuity and
differentiability of x , [x], etc.
a 3 b3 c3   d 3   z  - Derivatives of trigonometric
functions.
AX = B ⇒ X = A −1 B - Derivatives of exponential functions.
Problems based on above. - Derivatives of logarithmic functions.
NOTE 1: The conditions for consistency of - Derivatives of inverse trigonometric
equations in two and three variables, using functions - differentiation by means
matrices, are to be covered. of substitution.
NOTE 2: Inverse of a matrix by elementary - Derivatives of implicit functions and
operations to be covered. chain rule.
• Determinants - e for composite functions.
- Order. - Derivatives of Parametric functions.
- Minors. - Differentiation of a function with
respect to another function e.g.
- Cofactors.
differentiation of sinx3 with respect
- Expansion.
to x3.
- Applications of determinants in finding - Logarithmic Differentiation -

the area of triangle and collinearity. xx
Finding dy/dx when y = x .
- Properties of determinants. Problems - Successive differentiation up to 2nd
based on properties of determinants. order.
NOTE 1: Derivatives of composite functions
using chain rule.

3
NOTE 2: Derivatives of determinants to be covered. (iii) Integrals
• L' Hospital's theorem. Integration as inverse process of
differentiation. Integration of a variety of
0 ∞
- form, form, 0 0 form, ∞ ∞ form functions by substitution, by partial fractions
0 ∞ and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals
etc. of the following types and problems based
on them.
• Rolle's Mean Value Theorem - its
geometrical interpretation. Definite integrals as a limit of a sum,
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
• Lagrange's Mean Value Theorem - its (without proof). Basic properties of
geometrical interpretation definite integrals and evaluation of definite
(ii) Applications of Derivatives integrals.
Applications of derivatives: rate of change • Indefinite integral
of bodies, increasing/decreasing functions, - Integration as the inverse of
tangents and normals, use of derivatives in differentiation.
approximation, maxima and minima (first - Anti-derivatives of polynomials and
derivative test motivated geometrically and functions (ax +b)n , sinx, cosx, sec2x,
second derivative test given as a provable cosec2x etc .
tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic
- Integrals of the type sin2x, sin3x,
principles and understanding of the subject as
sin4x, cos2x, cos3x, cos4x.
well as real-life situations).
- Integration of 1/x, ex.
• Equation of Tangent and Normal
- Integration by substitution.
• Approximation.
- Integrals of the type f ' (x)[f (x)]n,
• Rate measure. f ′( x)
.
• Increasing and decreasing functions. f ( x)

• Maxima and minima. - Integration of tanx, cotx, secx,

cosecx.
- Stationary/turning points.
- Integration by parts.
- Absolute maxima/minima
- Integration using partial fractions.
- local maxima/minima f ( x)
Expressions of the form when
- First derivatives test and second g ( x)
derivatives test degree of f(x) < degree of g(x)
- Point of inflexion. x+2 A B
E.g. = +
( x − 3)( x + 1) x − 3 x + 1
- Application problems based on
maxima and minima.
x+2 A B C
= + +
( x − 2)( x − 1) 2
x − 1 ( x − 1) 2
x−2

x +1 Ax + B C
= 2 +
( x + 3)( x − 1) x + 3 x − 1
2

4
 When degree of f (x) ≥ degree of g(x), b b

e.g. ∫ f ( x)dx = ∫ f (a + b − x)dx

x +1 2
 3x + 1  a a
= 1−  2  a a
x + 3x + 2
2
 x + 3x + 2 
∫ f (=
x)dx ∫ f (a − x)dx
• Integrals of the type: 0 0

px + q px + q  a
∫
dx
,∫
dx
,∫ 2 dx, ∫
2a 2 ∫ f ( x)dx, if f (2a − x) = f ( x)
dx ∫ f ( x)dx =  0
x2 ± a2 x 2 ± a 2 ax + bx + c ax 2 + bx + c 0  0,
 f (2a − x) =− f ( x)
and ∫ a 2 ± x 2 dx, ∫ x 2 − a 2 dx,
 a
∫
2 f ( x)dx,if f is an even function
a

∫ ∫
ax 2 + bx + c dx, ( px + q ) ax 2 + bx + c dx, ∫−a
f ( x)dx =  0

integrations reducible to the above  0,if f is an odd function
forms. (iv) Differential Equations
dx Definition, order and degree, general and
∫ a cos x + b sin x , particular solutions of a differential
dx dx dx equation. Formation of differential equation
∫ a + b cos x , ∫ a + b sin x ∫ a cos x + b sin x + c , whose general solution is given. Solution
of differential equations by method of
(a cos x + b sin x)dx ,
∫ c cos x + d sin x
separation of variables solutions of
homogeneous differential equations of first
dx order and first degree. Solutions of linear
∫ a cos 2
x + b sin 2 x + c dy
differential equation of the type: +py= q,
dx
1 ± x2
∫ 1 + x 4 dx , where p and q are functions of x or
dx
constants. + px = q, where p and q are
dx
∫ 1 + x 4 , ∫ tan xdx, ∫ cot xdx etc. dy
functions of y or constants.
• Definite Integral - Differential equations, order and degree.
- Definite integral as a limit of the - Formation of differential equation by
sum. eliminating arbitrary constant(s).
- Fundamental theorem of calculus - Solution of differential equations.
(without proof) - Variable separable.
- Properties of definite integrals. - Homogeneous equations.
- Problems based on the following dy
properties of definite integrals are to - Linear form + Py = Q where P and Q
be covered. dx
b b
are functions of x only. Similarly, for

∫ f ( x)dx = ∫ f (t )dt
dx/dy.
a a - Solve problems of application on growth
b a
and decay.

∫
a
f ( x)dx = − ∫ f ( x)dx
b
- Solve problems on velocity, acceleration,
distance and time.
b c b

∫a
f ( x)dx = ∫ f ( x)dx + ∫ f ( x)dx
a c
where a < c < b

5
 - Solve population based problems on - Vectors in two and three dimensions.
application of differential equations. - iˆ, ˆj , kˆ as unit vectors along the x, y and
- Solve problems of application on the z axes; expressing a vector in terms of the
coordinate geometry. unit vectors.
NOTE 1: Equations reducible to variable - Operations: Sum and Difference of vectors;
scalar multiplication of a vector.
separable type are included.
- Section formula.
NOTE 2: The second order differential
equations are excluded. - Triangle inequalities.
- Scalar (dot) product of vectors and its
4. Probability geometrical significance.
Conditional probability, multiplication theorem - Cross product - its properties - area of a
on probability, independent events, total triangle, area of parallelogram, collinear
probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random variable vectors.
and its probability distribution, mean and - Scalar triple product - volume of a
variance of random variable. Repeated parallelepiped, co-planarity.
independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial
distribution. NOTE: Proofs of geometrical theorems by
using Vector algebra are excluded.
- Independent and dependent events
conditional events.
6. Three - dimensional Geometry
- Laws of Probability, addition theorem,
multiplication theorem, conditional Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line
probability. joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector
- Theorem of Total Probability. equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines,
shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian
- Baye’s theorem. and vector equation of a plane. Angle between
- Theoretical probability distribution, (i) two lines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a line and a
probability distribution function; mean and plane. Distance of a point from a plane.
variance of random variable, Repeated - Equation of x-axis, y-axis, z axis and lines
independent (Bernoulli trials), binomial parallel to them.
distribution – its mean and variance.
- Equation of xy - plane, yz – plane,
SECTION B zx – plane.
5. Vectors - Direction cosines, direction ratios.
Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction - Angle between two lines in terms of direction
of a vector. Direction cosines and direction cosines /direction ratios.
ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit,
zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position - Condition for lines to be perpendicular/
vector of a point, negative of a vector, parallel.
components of a vector, addition of vectors, • Lines
multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position
vector of a point dividing a line segment in a - Cartesian and vector equations of a line
given ratio. Definition, Geometrical through one and two points.
Interpretation, properties and application of - Coplanar and skew lines.
scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) - Conditions for intersection of two lines.
product of vectors, scalar triple product of
vectors. - Distance of a point from a line.
- As directed line segments. - Shortest distance between two lines.
- Magnitude and direction of a vector. NOTE: Symmetric and non-symmetric forms of
- Types: equal vectors, unit vectors, zero lines are required to be covered.
vector.
- Position vector.
- Components of a vector.
6
 • Planes NOTE: Application involving differentiation,
- Cartesian and vector equation of a integration, increasing and decreasing
plane. function and maxima and minima to be
- Direction ratios of the normal to the covered.
plane.
- One point form. 9. Linear Regression
- Normal form. - Lines of regression of x on y and y on x.
- Intercept form. - Scatter diagrams
- Distance of a point from a plane. - The method of least squares.
- Intersection of the line and plane. - Lines of best fit.
- Angle between two planes, a line and a - Regression coefficient of x on y and y on x.
plane. - b xy × b yx = r 2 , 0 ≤ b xy × b yx ≤ 1
- Equation of a plane through the - Identification of regression equations
intersection of two planes i.e. - Angle between regression line and properties
P1 + kP2 = 0. of regression lines.
7. Application of Integrals - Estimation of the value of one variable using
the value of other variable from appropriate
Application in finding the area bounded b y line of regression.
simple curves and coordinate axes. Area Self-explanatory
enclosed between two curves.
- Application of definite integrals - area 10. Linear Programming
bounded by curves, lines and coordinate axes Introduction, related terminology such as
is required to be covered. constraints, objective function, optimization,
- Simple curves: lines, circles/ parabolas/ different types of linear programming (L.P.)
ellipses, polynomial functions, modulus problems, mathematical formulation of L.P.
function, trigonometric function, exponential problems, graphical method of solution for
problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible
functions, logarithmic functions
regions(bounded and unbounded), feasible and
infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions
SECTION C (up to three non-trivial constraints).
8. Application of Calculus
Introduction, definition of related terminology
Application of Calculus in Commerce and such as constraints, objective function,
Economics in the following: optimization, advantages of linear programming;
- Cost function, limitations of linear programming; application
- average cost, areas of linear programming; different types of
- marginal cost and its interpretation linear programming (L.P.) problems,
- demand function, mathematical formulation of L.P problems,
graphical method of solution for problems in two
- revenue function, variables, feasible and infeasible regions,
- marginal revenue function and its feasible and infeasible solutions, optimum
interpretation, feasible solution.
- Profit function and breakeven point.
- Rough sketching of the following curves:
AR, MR, R, C, AC, MC and their
mathematical interpretation using the
concept of maxima & minima and
increasing- decreasing functions.
Self-explanatory

7
 PAPER II – PROJECT WORK – 20 Marks Section B
Candidates will be expected to have completed
two projects, one from Section A and one from 7. Using vector algebra, find the area of a
parallelogram/triangle. Also, derive the area
either Section B or Section C.
analytically and verify the same.
The project work will be assessed by the 8. Find the image of a line with respect to a given
subject teacher and a Visiting Examiner plane.
appointed locally and approved by the
Council. 9. Find the area bounded by a parabola and an
oblique line.
Mark allocation for each Project [10 marks]:
(Any other pair of curves which are specified in
the syllabus may also be taken.)
Overall format 1 mark
Content 4 marks Section C
Findings 2 marks 10. Draw a rough sketch of Cost (C), Average
Cost (AC) and Marginal Cost (MC)
Viva-voce based on the Project 3 marks
Total 10 marks Or
Revenue (R), Average Revenue (AR) and
Topics for Project Work: Marginal Revenue (MR).

11. For a given data, find regression equations by the

Section A
method of least squares.
1. Using a graph demonstrate a function which is
12. Using any suitable data, find the Optimum cost
invertible.
by formulating a linear programming problem
2. Explore the principal value of the function (LPP).
sin-1 x (or any other inverse trigonometric
function) using a unit circle.
NOTE: No question paper for Project Work will be
3. For a dependent system (non-homogeneous) of
set by the Council.
three linear equations of three variables, identify
infinite number of solutions.
4. Explain the concepts of increasing and
decreasing functions, using geometrical
significance of dy/dx. Illustrate with proper
examples.
5. Illustrate the concept of definite integral
, expressing as the limit of a sum and
verify it by actual integration.
6. Explain the conditional probability, the theorem
of total probability and the concept of Bayes’
theorem with suitable examples.

8
 SAMPLE TABLE FOR PROJECT WORK
S. No. Unique PROJECT 1 PROJECT 2 TOTAL
Identification MARKS
Number A B C D E F G H I J
(Unique ID) Teacher Visiting Average Viva-Voce Total Teacher Visiting Average Viva- Total (E + J)
of the Examiner Marks by Marks Examiner Marks Voce by Marks
candidate (A + B ÷ Visiting (C + D) (F + G ÷ Visiting (H + I)
2) Examiner 2) Examiner
7 Marks* 7 Marks* 7 Marks 3 Marks 10 Marks 7 Marks* 7 Marks* 7 Marks 3 Marks 10 Marks 20 Marks

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

*Breakup of 7 Marks to be awarded separately by

the Teacher and the Visiting Examiner is as Name of Teacher:
follows: Signature: Date
Overall Format 1 Mark
Content 4 Marks Name of Visiting Examiner
Findings 2 Marks
Signature: Date
NOTE: VIVA-VOCE (3 Marks) for each Project is to be conducted only by the Visiting Examiner, and should be based on the Project only