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independent working professional on his own.

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 Topics Page. No Topics Page. No

Number theory - 1 4 Clocks & Calendars 74

Number theory - 2 8 Venn diagrams 78
Percentages 10 Seating Arrangements 82
Ratio, Proportion & Partnership 11 Crypto Arithmetic 83
Averages, Mixtures & Alligations 15 Critical reasoning 85
Profit & Loss 19 Parts of Speech 93
Time & Work 23 Tenses & Usage of tenses 95
Simple Interest / Compound Interest 26 Active voice, Passive voice 97
Time, Speed & Distance 28 Degrees of comparison of adjectives 98
Linear equation & Quadratic equation 32 Modal auxiliary verbs 99
Probability 35 Preposition & Articles 100
Permutation & Combination 38 Conjunctions 101
Data Interpretation - 1 41 Types of Sentences 103
Data Interpretation - 2 45 Sentence completion, Formation and sentence edited 104
Data Sufficiency 49 Sentence Improvement/Correction & Spotting errors 110
Number and Letter series 52 Cloze test 113
Coding & Decoding 54 Reading comprehension 115
Blood relations 56 Jumble sentence / Paragraph 123
Direction Sense 60 Synonyms / Antonyms 127
Puzzles & Distribution 63 Verbal analogies 129
Syllogism (Deductive reasoning) 65 Theme deduction 130
Cubes 71 Idioms / Phrases 134

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 
1. NUMBER THEORY – 1 Integers: Integers include all the non- fractional numbers
(numbers that don’t have a decimal point). An integer can either be
positive or negative.
Quants cannot exist without numbers. So let us begin by learning all about Example: 2, -34, -75, 0, 5.
numbers. This section will cover the following topics:  Natural Numbers: All the positive integers from 1 to infinity are
Types of Numbers natural numbers.
Rational Numbers Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5……
 Whole Numbers: All the positive integers from 0 to infinity are
Irrational Numbers
whole numbers.
Classification of Rational Numbers Example: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4….
Procedures and Worked Examples  Even Numbers: All the integers that end with one of these: 0, 2, 4,
Divisibility Tests 6, 8.
Example: -2, 40, -68, 274.
TYPES OF NUMBERS  Odd numbers: All the integers that end with one of these: 1, 3, 5,
Numbers are basically classified into two types: 7, 9.
Example: 1, -3, 39, -47, 393.
1. Rational numbers
 Prime number: any integer that cannot produce a non-fractional
2. Irrational numbers
quotient when divided by any number other than 1 or the number
RATIONAL NUMBERS itself
Rational numbers have a finite decimal value (the value could even be 0) or Example: -2, 5,-7, 11.
infinite values with a finite repeating pattern.  Composite numbers: All integers except prime numbers are
Examples composite numbers
 The value of the fraction ½ is 0.5 which is a finite decimal value. Example: 6, 8, 9, 12.
So, ½ is a rational number.
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS How to check if a number is a prime number?
If the decimal part of the fractional number goes like a never ending stream Procedure:
of random digits without a repeating pattern, it is called an irrational Suppose A is the given number.
Step 1: Find the perfect square number that is nearest to and greater than A.
number.
Let this number be K.
Examples
Step 2: Check if A divisibleby any prime number less than the square root
 pi (22/7). The value of the fractional number 22/7 is 3.1415926535
This neither has an end nor has a repeating pattern. The exact value of this of K.
number can never be found. So, it is approximated by considering the first If yes A is not a prime number. If not, A is prime number.
two decimal digits to 3.14.
DIVISIBILITY TESTS
Divisibility tests are one of the most important topics in quantitative
CLASSIFICATION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS aptitude. Fortunately, this topic is simple. These tests become a piece of
Non-fractional numbers are classified into five basic types: cake for any big number if you get to know the divisibility rules of a few
particular numbers. Let us start with the simplest ones first.

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 FACTORS AND MULTIPLES
If a number `m’ divides another number `n’ exactly, then we say that `m’ is
Not
A Number is divisible by a factor of Divisible
`n’ and that `n’ is a multiple of `m’.
Divisible
Eg: 3 is a factor of 12 and therefore 12 is a multiple of 3.
Interesting fact:
2 - if the last digit is even (0,2,4,6,8) 188 certain numbers
In math we have 191 whose powers form a triangle as the
numbers increase,
3 - if the sum of the digits is divisible by 3 i.e., 111 431

4 - if the last two digits form a number divisible by 4 112= 12112348 1234
1112= 12321
5 - if the last digit is 0 or 5 1980
11112= 1234321 1588

6 - if the number is divisible by both 2 and 3 111112= 123454321

24 and so
62 on…
The concept is so simple as many number of 1’s that many number of
8 - if the number formed by the last three digits will be divisible by 8 consecutive natural
2064 numbers will come and there after it will decrease
3111
consecutively again till 1.
9 - if the sum of the digits of the number is divisible by 9 810
PRIME FACTORS 521

Numbers which has exactly two factors are called as prime numbers. Those
10 - if the last digit is 0 1450 3828
numbers are namely 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,……So mostly
when a number being factorized the numbers should be always written in
11 - if the difference between the sum of the alternate digits of the number shouldterms
be 0 of prime
2365 4594
factors i.e., in a multiples of these above numbers. Because
or 11 any other composite numbers can be derived using this prime factors. But in
this also we must make sure about a context called as co-prime numbers.
12 - If the number is divisible by both 3 and 4, it is also divisible by 12. CO - PRIME768 NUMBERS29658
EXAMPLE A set of numbers which do not have any other common factor other than 1
 Find out whether 54766987758726635 is divisible by 11. are called co-prime or relatively prime numbers. This means those numbers
Sol: whose HCF is 1.
5 4 7 6 6 9 8 7 7 5 8 7 2 6 6 3 5
Adding all the indicated marks we will get a sum of 54 and sum of all the For example, 8 and 9 have no other common factor other than 1 so they are
other alternative places is 47 co-prime numbers.
So the now the difference will be 54 – 47 = 7 so when you divide
54766987758726635 by 11 then the remainder would 7. So to make Properties Of Co-prime Numbers:
54766987758726635 to be divisible by 11 we should either subtract it with • All prime numbers are co-prime to each other.
7 or add 4. • Any 2 consecutive integers are always co-prime.

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• Sum of any two co-prime numbers is always co-prime with their product. Example 3
• 1 is co-prime with all numbers. Find the L.C.M. of 125,64,8 and 3.
• a and b () are co-prime only if the numbers 2a-1 and 2b-1 are co-prime. Sol:
Given numbers are 125, 64, 8 and 3
LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE (L.C.M.) L.C.M. is 125x 64×3 = 24,000
L.C.M. is the least non-zero number in common multiples of two or more Example 4
numbers. Find H.C.F. of 48, 108, 140
Multiple of 6 = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, …….. Sol:
Multiple of 8 = 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, …….. Factors of 48
Common Multiple of 6 and 8 = 24, 48 …………… = 2x2x2x2x3
Least Common Multiple = 24 = 24×3
Example 1: Factors of 108
Find the L.C.M. of 12, 27 and 40 = 2x2x3x3x3
Factors of 12 = 2x2x3 = 22×3 = 22×33
Factors of 27 =3x3x3=33 Factors of 140
Factors of 40 = 2x2x2x5 = 23×5 =2x2x5x7
HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR (H.C.F) : =22 x5x7
The highest common factor of two or more numbers is the greatest number H.C.F.=22=4
which divides each of them exactly. EXERCISE
Example 2
1. The respective quotient and remainder when x4 – 2x3 – 15x2 + 15x
Find the H.C.F. of 24 and 56
+ 32 is divided by x2 – 3x – 5 are
Factors of 24 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
1) –x – 3, x2 + x – 7 2) x2 + x – 7, –x – 3
Factors of 56 = 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56
3) x + x + 7, x – 3
2
4) –x – 3, x2 + x + 7
Common factors of 24 and 56 are 1, 2, 4, 8 H.C.F. of 24 and 56 = 8
Factorization Method:
2. If a number of 4 digits is added to the number formed by reversing
H.C.F. can be found by resolving the given numbers into prime factors and
these digits, then the number so formed is always divisible by
then taking the product of least powers of all common factors, that occur in
1) 9 2) 3 3) 7 4) 11
these numbers.
Properties of L.C.M & H.C.F
3. A number of the form abab, where a & b are natural numbers, in
1. The product of two given numbers is equal to the product of their H.C.F.
the range 1 to 9 is necessarily divisible by
and L.C.M.
1) 91 2) 101 3) 37 4) 47
Product of numbers = H.C.F.of numbers / L.C.M. of two numbers
2. L.C.M. of given fractions = L.C.M.of numerators / H.C.F.of
4. Total number of prime numbers upto 50 are
denominators
1) 14 2) 16 3) 15 4) 17
3. H.C.F of given fractions = H.C.F. of numerators / L.C.M.of denominators
4. The L.C.M of a given set of numbers would be either the highest or
5. If the sum and the product of two numbers are 25 and 144
higher than the highest of the given numbers.
respectively then the difference of the numbers must be
5.The H.C.F. of a given set of numbers would be either the lowest or lower
1) 4 2) 8 3) 12 4) 34
than the lowest.

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6. In this question the left hand side expression will be equal to the 14. The unit digit in the product of 771 × 659 × 365 is
right hand side expression if a particular sign is changed to another 1) 6 2) 2 3) 4 4) 1
sign. Find out the appropriate change of sign from amongst the
suggested alternatives and then mark your answers accordingly 15. The sum of two positive numbers is 88. If the larger number is
(18 × 4) ÷ 4 + 6 = (6 × 3) ÷ 9 + 10 divided by the smaller one, the quotient is 5 and the remainder is
1) Change + to – 2) Change – to + 10. Which of the following can be such a pair?
3) Change × to ÷ 4) Change ÷ to – 1) 71 and 17 2)73 and 15 3) 75 and 13 4) 65 and 23

7. When a certain number is divided by either 4 or 6, the remainder is 16. When n is even, the product n(n + 1) (n + 2) is divisible by
2. Which of the following could be that number? 1) 24 2) 7 3) 0 4) None of these
1) 142 2) 170 3) 312 4) 214
17. What least value must be given to * so that 97216 * 5 is divisible
8. How many numbers between 200 and 400 are divisible by 3, 5 and by 11?
6? 1) 1 2) 3 3) 2 4) 5
1) 7 2) 9 3) 11 4) 13
18. The unit digit in the product (121)400 is
9. In a division sum, the divisor is 10 times the quotient and 5 times 1) 3 2) 7 3) 0 4) 1
the remainder. If the remainder is 46, the dividend is.
1) 4236 2) 43063) 43364) 5336 19. When (x13 + 1) is divided by (x – 1), the remainder is
1) –2 2) 2 3) –1 4) 1
10. The difference between the squares of two positive numbers is 228
while the difference between the numbers is 6. Which of the 20. 216 – 1 is divisible by
following is the smaller number? 1) 11 2) 13 3) 17 4) 19
1) 22 2) 20 3) 16 4) 18
21. A man has some hens and cows. If the number of heads are 96 and
11. What is the approximate value of 242 + 2.42 + 0.242 + 0.0242 ? number of feet are 280, the number of cows is
(You are not expected to find out the exact value). 1) 40 2) 46 3) 44 4) 52
1) 570 2) 575 3) 580 4) 585
22. The difference between two numbers is 4 and the difference
12. A certain number consists of two digits whose sum is 9. If the between their squares is 64. The larger number is
order of digits is reversed, the new number is 9 less than the 1) 10 2) 11 3) 12 4) 13
original number. The original number is
1) 45 2) 36 3) 54 4) 63 23. The product of three consecutive odd numbers is 12075. Which of
the following is the middle number?
13. Three numbers are in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5. The sum of the largest and 1) 19 2) 21 3) 25 4) 23
the smallest equals the sum of the second and 52. The smallest
number is 24. In the following series, a wrong number is given299 276 254 234
1) 20 2) 27 3) 39 4) 52 213 194 176. Find out that number.
1) 276 2) 254 3) 234 4) 213

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25. A fraction, whose numerator and denominator both are positive, 3. A two digit number is obtained either by multiplying the sum of
becomes 1/2 if 1 is added to the denominator. It becomes 3/5 if 3 the digits by 7 and adding 3 or multiplying the difference of digits
is added to its numerator and denominator. Then the fraction is by 17 and adding 1, The number is
1) 8/15 2) 9/17 3) 15/24 4) None of these 1) 54 2) 52 3) 25 4) None of these

26. The total age of 45 boys and 40 girls is 1540 years. The total age of 4. The largest number that always divides the product of 3
50 boys and 20 girls is 1320. Then the average age of boys is consecutive multiples of 2 is
1) 18 years 2) 16 years 3) 20 years 4) None of these 1) 8 2) 16 3) 24 4) 48

27. In an examination, one gets 4 marks for every correct answer and 5. If (4x + 8) = (9 × 2x), then x =
loses one mark for every incorrect answer. If in a paper of 75 1) 3 or 1 2) –3 or 1 3) –3 or 0 4) 3 or 0
questions, one gets 125 marks, the number of correct answers is
1) 35 2) 40 3) 44 4) 43 6. The HCF of (4a2 b3 – 9b) and (2a2 b2 – ab – 3) is
1) 2ab – 3 2) 2ab + 3 3) ab + 1 4) b(2ab + 3)
28. 4a56 is a four digit numeral divisible by 33. What is the value of a?
1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6 7. What is the least number which when divided by 12 leaves a
remainder of 7, when divided by 15, leaves a remainder of 10 and
29. There are four prime numbers written in ascending order of when divided by 16 leaves a remainder of 11?
magnitude. The product of first three is 385 and that of last three is 1) 115 2) 235 3) 247 4) 475
1001, Find the first number.
1) 5 2) 7 3) 11 4) 17 8. If 34x–2 = 729, then find the value of X.
1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 5
30. If a five digit number is added to a number by putting the digits of
the original number in reverse order, the sum will always be 9. The HCF of 0.54, 1.8 and 7.2 is
divisible by 1) 1.8 2) 0.18 3) 0.018 4) 18
1) 11 2) 11111 3) 101 4) None of these
10. One bell rings at an interval of 30 minutes and another at an
interval of 25 minutes. If they both ring together at 10.00 am, the
2. NUMBER THEORY - 2 time when they will next ring together is
1) 12.30 am 2) 10.55 am 3) 12.30 pm 4) 11.30 pm
1. 2754 – 1354 is at least divisible by
11. What is the least number of students in a class, if they can be made
1) 424 2) 560 3) 575 4) 280
to stand in rows of 8, 12 or 14 each?
1) 158 2) 168 3) 148 4) 178
2. If X = 1537 × 1539 × 52201, find the remainder when X is divided
by 17.
12. There are two long pieces of ribbon, one of 24 m and another of 36
1) 12 2) 10 3) 15 4) 13
m length. If each has to be cut into pieces of the same length, the
maximum length of each piece (in metres) is
1) 6 2) 12 3) 9 4) 4

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 20. A two digit number is five times the sum of its digits while the
13. A boy wishes to cut as many pieces of rope of equal length as he number obtained by interchanging the digits is 20% more than the
can, from pieces that are 153 cm, 187 cm and 323 cm long. If he original number. What is the original number?
wants the pieces to be as long as possible and does not like to 1) 54 2) 45 3) 63 4) 36
waste any rope, how long should each piece be?
1) 28 cm 2) 17 cm 3) 63 cm 4) 51 cm 21. A man wishes to lay square tiles on the floor of a room 222 meters
by 114 meters. What is the largest size of the square tile so that a
14. If 2n–1 = 128, then 'n' is whole number of tiles can be fitted in?
1) 44 2) 12 3) 8 4) 7 1) 4 m 2) 3 m 3) 6 m 4) 9 m

15. What is the smallest number which when 22. If (–1)n + (–1)4n = 0, then 'n' is
1. increased (added) by 3, 1) any positive integer. 2) any negative integer.
2. decreased (subtracted) by 3, is exactly divisible by 3) any odd natural number. 4) any even natural number.
15, 18, 20 and 24?
23. Factorise (16x2 – 24xy + 9y2 – 8x + 6y)
1) 357, 363 2) 307, 347 3) 363, 350 4) 357, 383 1) (4x – 3y) (4x – 3y + 2) 2) (4x + 3y) (4x + 3y – 2)
3) (4x – 3y) (4x – 3y – 2) 4) (4x – 3y) (4x + 3y + 2)
Directions for question 16 to 18: Read the following information
and answer the questions that follow. 24. One third, one fourth, one fifth and one-seventh of the human
A and B are two real numbers given such that population of North India which is less than five hundred, are all
AMB = Summation of A and B. whole numbers and their sum is exactly the population of South
ARB = Subtraction of B from A. India. What is the human population of South India?
ADB = Result of A divided by B. 1) 389 2) 359 3) 429 4) 329
ANB = Multiplication of A and B.
25. If one car covers 24 km per litre of petrol and another car covers
16. The value of 10M [10R {10N(10 D 5)}] is 18 km per litre of petrol, the shortest distance that they can travel
1) 0 2) 2 3) 4 4) 6 with minimum number (integral) of litres of petrol in their tanks is
1) 36 km 2) 72 km 3) 48 km 4) 24 km
17. The value of 4N [5M{6 D(10 R 7)}] is
1) 4 2) 12 3) 20 4) 28 26. The LCM of (x2 – xy – 2y2), (2x2 – 5xy + 2y2) and (2x2 + xy – y2)
is
18. The value of 100 D [50 R{5N(3 M 2)}] is 1) (x + y) (x2 – 4y2) 2) (x – y)(x2 – 4y2)
1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 8 3) (x + y) (x + 2y) (2x – y) 4) (x + y) (x – 2y) (2x – y)

19. Five bells first begin to toll together and then at intervals of 3, 5, 7, 27. Sum of 2 numbers is 272 and their LCM is 960. Then their HCF is
8 and 10 seconds, respectively. After what interval will they toll 1) 16 2) 8 3) 32 4) 64
together again?
1) 8 sec 2) 840 sec 3) 600 sec 4) 650 sec

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 28. If the Geometric Mean of two numbers is 16 and their HCF is 8,  100  y 
what is the difference between the LCM and the HCF of the two second and the second number is  100  % of the first
numbers?  100  x 
1) 16 2) 32 3) 8 4) 24 number.
(b) If two numbers are respectively x% and y% less than a third
29. The sum of a 2-digit number and the number obtained by reversing  100  x 
the digits is a perfect square. How many such numbers exist? number, then the first number is  100  % of the
1) 2 2) 4 3) 6 4) 8  100  y 
 100  y 
30. P represents a number between 3 and 6 and Q represents a number second number and the second number is  100  %
between 15 and 60. Then Q/P represents a number between  100  x 
1) 2.5 and 20 2) 5 and 20 3) 5 and 2 4) 4 and 3 of the first number.

3. PERCENTAGES 6. If the present population of a town be ‘p’ and the population

changes at r% per annum, then
n
Fundamental Concepts:  r 
1. Percentage means ‘per hundred’ or for every hundred. (a) Population after n years = p  1   .
 100 
2. To convert a fraction into a per cent, multiply with 100. p
(b) Population n years ago= n
.
 r 
1 1  
3. To convert a percent into a fraction, multiplywith
100
.  100 
4. (a) If A is x% more than that of B, then B is less than that of A by r is taken as + when population increases and it is taken – when it
decreases.
 x 
  100  %
 100  x  7. If a number is changed (increased/decreased) successively by x%
(b) If A is x% less than that of B, then B is more than that of A  xy 
and y%, the net % change is given by  x  y   %.
 x   100 
by   100  %
 100  x  If x or y indicates increase in percentage, then put + sign before x
or y, otherwise – sign.
5. (a) If two numbers are respectively x% and y% more than a third
8. If a number ‘A’ is increased successively by x% followed by y%
 100  x 
number, then the first number is  100  % of the and then by z%, then the final value of A will
 100  y   x  y  z 
be A 1  1  1   .
 100  100  100 
In case a given value decreases by any percentage, we will use a

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 negative sign before that.
8. A testator bequeathed by will 2/5 of his estate on his son, 60% of
9. From a quantity x% is taken, y% of the remaining is taken, and z% the remainder to his daughter and the remainder to his widow, the
of the remaining is taken, it was left by ‘a’, then the original son got Rs.750 more than the daughter. How much did the widow
a 100 100 100 receive?
quantity = .
100  x 100  y 100  z 
1) Rs.4500 2) Rs.18750 3) Rs.7500 4) Rs.6750

EXERCISE 9. The population of the city increases 7% annually from 1920 to

1923 and its population in the 1923 and its population in the 1923
1. Find the difference between ¾ of Rs.70 and ¾ % of Rs.70 was 8575301.What was its population in 1920?
1) 49.50 2) 52.50 3) 51.975 4) 48.25 1) 5575301 2) 7000000 3) 107000 4) None of these

2. The price of the sugar falls by 10%. How many quintals can be 10. If the annual increase in the population of a town be 10% and the
bought for the same money which was sufficient to buy 18 quintals present population be 13310, then what was it three years ago?
at the higher price? 1) 13310 2) 10000 3) 1331 4) None of these
1) 12 2) 15 3) 20 4) 18
11. In a examination, a candidate who gets 30% of the maximum
3. Suppose an arithmetic paper is to be solved by 2500 persons, of the marks fails by 100 marks. But another candidate who gets 42%
whom 1/5 are girls and the rest are boys. If 5 percent of the boys marks gets 20 marks more than necessary marks necessary for
and 40 percent of the girls fail, then what percentage of the total passing.
number of candidates succeeds in passing? 1) 400 2) 250 3) 230 4) 1000
1) 75% 2) 22% 3) 88% 4) 84%
12. If the annual increase in the population of a town is 4 percent and
4. Ten percent of the inhabitants of a town have died of plague, panic the present number of inhabitants be 5 lakh, then what will it be in
set in, during which 25% of the remaining inhabitants left the town three years time?
if the population was then reduced to 6750, then what was the 1) 500000 2) 562432 3) 524632 4) None of the above
originally?
1) 9500 2) 9000 3) 8750 4) 10000 13. A reduction of 25% in the price of coffee would enable a purchase
to obtain 25 kg more for Rs.45 what is the reduced price per kg?
5. What percent of 2/9 is 3/45? 1) 60 paise 2) 45 paise 3) 40 paise 4) 50 paise
1) 20.5% 2) 10% 3) 20% 4) 30%
14. A reduction of 40 percent in the price of eggs would enable a
6. What will be 60% of a number whose 150% is 120? purchase to obtain 56 kg more for Rs.10. What is the initial price?
1) Rs.150 2) Rs.90 3) Rs.72 4) Rs.48 1) 14p 2) 12p 3) 10p 4) 11p
7. Five percent of the total population of a town are engineer and the
rest are Doctors. If the population of the town be 37820, then what 15. The export of certain goods in 1980 exceeds the export in 1979 by
is the number of Doctors? 80% in quantity and by 143% in value. Find the percentage
1) 37820 2) 35929 3) 3592 4) 35992 increases in the price of a given quantity of goods.
1) 25% 2) 30% 3) 35% 4) 40%

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 24. Two mixed schools have 90 and 120 children respectively. In the
16. In a mixed school, 20 percent of the scholars are children under 7 first 60% and in the second 50% of the children are boys. What %
and the number of girls above 7 is 2/3 of the numbers of the boys of the children in the two schools are boys?
above 7and amounts to 64. Find the numbers of scholars in the 1) 54% 2) 42% 3) 65% 4) 38%
school.
1) 160 2) 200 3) 80 4) 168 25. If the tax on tea is reduced by 10% by how much percent must the
consumption increases so that there is an increase of 8% in the
17. If X exceeds be 50% and Y is 50% less than Z, then what revenue?
percentage is Z of X ? 1) 45.3% 2) 58% 3) 20% 4) 54.7%
1) 25% 2) 75% 3) 100% 4)133.33%
26. In a examination, 1800 candidates were boys and 2200 were girls.
18. Find the percentage error in taking a length of one meter to be 39 If 42% of boys and 48% of girls passed the examination, then what
inch (Given 1 inch = 2.54 cm) is the overall percentage of candidates who failed?
1) 0.93% 2) 0.94% 3) 0.95% 4) 0.88% 1) 45.3% 2) 58% 3) 52% 4) 54.7%

19. 20 m3 of a liquid consists of 80% by volume of alcohol and the rest 27. Pranav saves 10% of his total salary. Next year he increase his
is water. If 8 m3 of the liquid is drawn out and refilled by water, expenses by 20% but his percentage savings remain the same.
then what is the percentage of the water in the liquid? What is the percentage increase in his salary next year?
1) 45% 2) 46% 3) 48% 4) 52% 1) 10% 2) 20% 3) 40% 4) 16.66%

20. The length of a rectangle increases by 10% and the breath 28. The daily wages of a workers increases by 20% but the number of
diminished by 25%. How does its area change? hours worked by him also drop by 20%. If originally he was
1) increases by 17.5%, 2) decreases by 17.5%, 3) increases getting Rs.200 per week, his wages per week now is(Daily wages
by 15%, 4) decreases by 15%, directly proportional to hours worked )
1) Rs.220 2) Rs.200 3) Rs.192 4) Rs.180
21. The product of the two numbers remains constant. If one of them
increases by 40% then by what percent does the second diminish? 29. Calculate the weight and the percentage of zinc in the zinc-copper
1) 40% 2) 17.5% 3) 71.75 % 4) 60% alloy being given that the latter’s alloy with 3 kg of pure zinc
contains 90 per cent of zinc and with 2 kg of 90% zinc alloy
22. The price of a bottle of red ink is 20% more than that of a bottle of contains 84% of zinc.
black ink. If a bottle of red ink coast 72 paise, how much will a 1) 2.4 kg or 80% 2) 1.4 kg or 88%
bottle of black ink coast? 3) 3.4 kg or 60% 4) 7.4 kg or 18%
1) Re.1 2) 60 paise 3) 80 paise 4) Rs.1.20
30. A man purchased a scooter for Rs 20000 and got it insured for
23. A student first decreased a number by 20% and then increased the 80% of the value. The scooter was totally destroyed in an accident
decreased number by 20%. The number so obtained is 20 less than and the insurance company compensated him for only 80% of the
the original numbers what was the original number? claim. What was the loss suffered (in%)?
1) 100 2) 500 3) 400 4) 200 1) 50% 2) 64% 3) 36% 4) 20%

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4. RATIO, PROPORTION AND PARTNERSHIP SOLN:
Longest side=40
Since the ratio is 2:7:8 , multiply throughout by 5 ,
Ratio 10 and 35
Ratio is comparison of two numbers, to find out how many times one PARTNERSHIP
number is greater than (or less than) the other number. It is to express one Partnership is the major part of ratios and 100% it deals with ratio. When
number as a fraction of other. 0. It is represented as a : b, where a more than one person agree to invest their money to run a business or firm
(Numerator) is called as an antecedent and b (Denominator) is called as then this kind of agreement is called partnership. The persons involved in
a Ratio of two quantities a and b in same units, is the fraction a/b , where b the partnership are called partners.
consequent. There are two types of partners.
1. Passive Partner: Sleeping partner is the person who provides only
Proportion investment but does not take part in running the business.
Proportion is a special form of algebra equation, is used to compare ratios 2. Active Partner: Working partner is the person who not only
or make equivalent fractions. The equality of two ratios is called as invests the money but also takes part in running the business. For
proportion, c / d which is represented as, a : b :: c : d in which a and d are this work he is paid some salary or some percent of profit in
called Extreme terms, b and c are called mean terms.a / b and addition.
Direct and Inverse proportion: There are two types of partnership.
We say that a is directly proportional to b, if a = kb for some constant k
We say that a is inversely proportional to b, if a = k for some constant k. 1. Simple Partnership: In simple partnership, capitals of partners are
PROPERTIES OF PROPORTION invested for the same period of time, then their profit share also will
c ,a:b::c:d then, b If a, b, c and d are in proportion, a be of the same ratio of their investment. say , If two partners A and
Product of extreme terms = Product of mean terms, i.e. ad = bc. B are investing their money to run a business then
For a proportion of a:b::c:d, Capital of A : Capital of B = Profit of A : Profit of B
d is the fourth proportional of a, b, c
c is called third proportional to a, b Example 1:
Example Three partners, A,B,C invest Rs.36000, Rs45000, Rs.54000 respectively. In
1. Express each ratio as a fraction. a business . Out of a total profit of Rs.37500, c’s share is.
a. 3 : 4 b. 8 : 5c. 9:13 d. 15:7 Sol:
SOLN: a)¾ b)8/5 c)9/13 d)15/7 The investment made by these three people if we write it in a ratio it will
2. A 30 pound ball on moon, weighs 180 pounds on the earth. How be oof the ratio
much does a 300 pound ball on Earth weighs on the moon? A : B : C = 36000 : 45000 : 54000 = 36 : 45 : 54
a) 250 b)36 c)60 d)50 Simplifying it we get as 4 : 5 : 6
SOLN: d)5 So c’s share is 6 parts of the total 15 parts i.e., 37500
30:180 15x / 6 = 37500
x:300 x= 37500 x (6 / 15) = 15000.
x=(300*30)/180, x=50 Example 2:
3. The ratio of the sides of a certain triangle is 2:7:8. If the longest side X and Y invested in a business. They earned some profit which they divided
of the triangle is 40 cm, how long are the other two sides? in the ratio of 2:3. If X invested Rs.40000, the amount invested by Y is
a)20,80 b)6,14 c)10,35 d)36,56 Sol: 2 / 3 = 40000 / x

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By looking at the above equation if 2 parts of the total share 40000 then
three parts of that will be 60000 so the answer is 60000. 9. The ratio of Laloo's age to Bhaloo's age is 3 : 4. After 8 years, the
ratio of their ages will be 5 : 6. Then Bhaloo's present age is
EXERCISE 1) 9 years 2) 12 years 3) 16 years 4) 24 years

1. Find out two quantities whose difference is 30 and the ratio 10. Out of 7/2, 25/7, 35/9, 19/2, which is the greatest ratio?
between them is 5/11. 1) 7/2 2) 25/7 3) 35/9 4) 19/2
1) 20, 50 2) 25, 55 3) 30, 60 4) 50, 110
11. A certain sum of money is distributed between two friends in the
2. What least number be subtracted from each of the numbers 12, 17, ratio 5 : 11. If one of them gets Rs.1250 more than the other, then
22, 32 so that the remainders may be in proportional? the sum is
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5 1) > Rs.3000 2) < Rs.3000 3) < Rs.2800 4) > Rs.4000

3. If 2x = 3y, then find the value of (2x2 + 2xy + 3y2) : (4x2 – 6xy + 12. The second proportional to 9 and 16 is
5y2). 1) 3 2) 12 3) 4 4) 25
1) 1.5 2) 3.1 3) 2.1 4) 2.5
13. What should be added to each of 3, 15, 38 and 134 so that they
4. If 2x = 3y = 4z, then what is the value of x : y : z ? should become proportionate to each other?
1) 1 : 3 : 5 2) 1 : 4 : 5 3) 8 : 3 : 6 4) 6 : 4 : 3 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

5. The ratio of girls in a school under 12 years and those over 12 14. 84 apples are divided between A, B and C in such a way that A
years was 3 : 2 at the commencement of a term, At the end, the gets7 apples more than B does and B gets 7 apples more than C
ratio was 2 : 3 as 30 girls had reached the age of 12 years during does, The ratio of their shares is
the term. Find the total number of girls in the school, assuming 1) 4 : 3 : 7 2) 5 : 7 : 4 3) 7 : 3 : 8 4) 5 : 4 : 3
nobody left or was admitted during the term.
1) 100 2) 120 3) 90 4) 150 15. Metal A costs Rs.8.40 per gm and Metal B Rs.0.21 per gm. In what
proportion must these metals be mixed so that a gram of the
6. If a : b : c = 2 : 5 : 7, then find the ratio of a 2 + b2 : b2 + c2. mixture may be worth Rs.5.67?
1) 25/84 2) 29/74 3) 23/75 4) 3/25 1) 1 : 2 2) 1 : 3 3) 2 : 1 4) 2 : 3

7. Men, women and children are employed to do a work in the 16. The mean proportional between 64 and 16 is
proportion 1 : 2 : 3 and their wages are in the ratio 6 : 3 : 2. When 1) 36 2) 32 3) 48 4) 40
50 men are employed, total daily wages of all the hands amount to
Rs.450, Find the weekly wages paid to a woman. 17. The speed of three cars are in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5. The ratio between
1) 10.5 2) 9.50 3) 1.50 4) 7.50 the time taken by these cars to travel the same distance is
1) 5 : 4 : 3 2) 12 : 15 : 20 3) 20 : 15 : 12 4) 9 : 15 : 20
8. In what proportion must Ghee at Rs.60 a kg be mixed with Ghee at
Rs.45 a kg so that the mixture may be worth Rs.54 a kg?
1) 4 : 5 2) 3 : 2 3) 5 : 6 4) 1 : 2

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18. The price of a computer and a television set is in the ratio 5 : 2. If a 25. A, B and C enter into a partnership. A contributes one-third of the
computer costs Rs.21000 more than the television set, then what is whole capital while B contributes as much as A and C together
the price of the television set? contribute of the profit at the end of the year is Rs.84,000, How
1) Rs.12000 2) Rs.10000 3) Rs.14000 4) Rs.16000 much would each receive (in Rs.)?
1) 24,000, 20,000, 40,000 2) 28,000, 42,000, 14,000
19. Rs.350 is divided among A, B and C. B's share is equal to A's 3) 28,000, 42,000, 10,000 4) 28,000, 14,000, 42,000
share and Rs.40 more and C's share is equal to A's share and Rs.70
more. The share of each person is (in order of A, B and C) (in Rs.) 26. Amar, Akbar and Antony divide Rs.2250 in such a way that 1/6 th
1) 120, 80, 150 2) 80, 120, 150 of Amar's share, 1/4th of Akbar's share and 2/5 th of Antony's
3) 150, 120, 80 4) 120, 150, 80 share are equal. Find Amar's share.
1) Rs.720 2) Rs.1080 3) Rs.480 4) Rs.1240
20. Two natural numbers in the ratio 5 : 7 cannot sum up to
1) 34 2) 36 3) 48 4) 56 27. Anil and Biswas invest Rs.3000 and Rs.4000 respectively in a
business. If Anil doubles his capital after 6 months, then in what
21. There are three partners A, B and C in a business. A puts in proportion should Anil and Biswas divide that year's profit?
Rs2000 for 5 months, B Rs.1200 for 6 months and C Rs.2500 for 3 1) 6 : 5 2) 9 : 8 3) 5 : 6 4) 8 : 9
months and the profits are Rs.741. What is the share of A?
1) 500 2) 600 3) 350 4) 300 28. Two partners, A and B invested in a business in the ratio 5 : 6 and
they shared their profits in the ratio 5 : 6. If A invested the money
22. A and B enter into a speculation. A puts in Rs.50 and B puts in for 8 months, then for how much time did B invest the money?
Rs.45. At the end of 4 months A withdraws half his capital and at 1) 8 months 2) 12 months 3) 6 months 4) 10 months
the end of 6 months B withdraws 1/3 of his capital. C then enters
with a capital of Rs.70, At the end of 12 months the profits of the 29. A started a business with a capital of Rs.10000, Four months later
concern is Rs.254. What is the share of C? B joined him with a capital of Rs.5000. What is the share of A in a
1) Rs. 86 2) Rs. 96 3) Rs. 84 4) Rs. 72 total-profit of Rs.2000 at the end of the year?
1) Rs.1050 2) Rs.1200 3) Rs.1333 4) Rs.1500
23. A, B and C enter into a partnership. A contributes Rs.320 for 4
months, B contributes Rs.510 for 3 months and C contributes 30. If A : B = 5 : 11 and B : C = 7 : 9, then find A : C.
Rs.270 for 5 months. If the total profit is Rs.208, then find the 1) 99/35 2) 35/99 3) 3.5/9 4) 35/33
profit share of A.
1) Rs.76 2) Rs.72 3) Rs.64 4) Rs.67 5. AVERAGES, MIXTURES & ALLIGATIONS
24. Three partners invested capital in the ratio 2 : 7 : 9. The time Average is a number expressing the central or typical value in a set of data,
period for which each of them invested was in a ratio of the in particular the mode, median, or (most commonly) the mean, which is
reciprocals of the amount invested. Find the share of the partner calculated by dividing the sum of the values in the set by their number.
who bought in the highest capital, if profit is Rs.1080. General method of finding averages:
1) Rs.540 2) Rs.360 3) Rs.420 4) Rs.720 An average or arithmetic mean of given n number of items is a total sum
divided by total number of items given.

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 Therefore, Average of First ‘n’ Numbers :
Average= Sum of Total Items Given/Number of Items To find the average of first n numbers if they are in A.P. ,(say natural
Let’s say If we have Given n Items: n1, n2, n3, ….n numbers or whole numbers or even numbers or odd numbers etc…) then we
Then, Total Average = (n1 + n2 + n3 + ——– + n) / n can use this formula
Example 1 Average = (n + 1)/2
Ram scored 89,46,74,69,58 in all the five subjects in a class test. Find the Average of Square First ‘n’ numbers :
average mark scored by Ram? To find the square of first n numbers , we can use
1. 65.94 Average = (n+1)(2n+1) / 6
2. 53.83 Example
3. 67.20 The average of ages of 10 persons in a class was 32. When new person joins
4. 63.71 the class the average weight increases by 4. Find the weight of the new
Solution: person added ?
Step 1: To calculate average add all the terms given in as the marks a) 61
89 + 46 + 74 + 69 + 58 = 336 b) 80
Step 2: Now divide the above answer with the number of elements present c) 75
(i.e.,) n=5 d) 76
And thus the resultant of that will be your average. Sol:
Avg= 336/5= 67.20. Total age of 10 persons = 10 × 32 = 320
Average determination based on number of elements: Total age of 11 persons = 11 × 36 = 396 (as the new average is 4 more than
Based on the number of elements, if and only if the elements are in present average)
Arithmetic progressions,(i.e., there should be the same common difference So the age of the person joining is = 396 – 320 = 76
between every term of the given series.)
ODD Numbered Series: (n = some odd number) Alligations;
Let’s look at some examples below Being very easy and fundamental alligations is a very easy topic and it
involes only with one formula that is
Example 2 Ratio of the mixture = (denser – median) / (median – cheaper)
1. 3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19 (n = 9)
2. 2,3,4,5,6,7,8(n=7) Example:- In what ratio must coffee at Rs 93 per Kg be mixed with
3. 0.25,0.50,0.75,1.0,1.25(n=5) coffee at Rs 108 per Kg so that the mixture be worth Rs 100 per Kg?
EVEN Numbered Series: (n = some even number) Sol:
Let’s look at some examples below 108 – 100 : 100 – 93
Example 3 So, the ratio is 8 : 7 (simple as like that).
1. 3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 (n = 8)
2. 2,3,4,5,6,7 (n = 6) Mixtures:-
3. 0.25,0.50,0.75,1.0 (n = 4) Mixtures are called as a drunken concept in quants because it involves
In even numbered series, the middle of the middle two elements is the mostly with alcohol and also another reason is that it is bit tricky when
answer for that series, this above series is also called as asymmetric series. comes to the part of calculations.
Final Amount of ingredient = Initial Amount x (Vol. after removal / Vol.
after replacing)n

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Example 1
A 20 litre mixture of milk and water contains milk and water in the 3. The average of the 100 results is 13, that of the first 40 is 12 and
ratio 3 : 2. 10 liters of the mixture is removed and replaced with pure that of next 50 is 12½ . Find the average of the last 10 results.
milk and the operation is repeated once more. 1) 18.5 2) 19.5 3) 15.5 4) 16.5
At the end of the two removals and replacement, what is the ratio of
milk and water in the resultant mixture? 4. The average age of the boys in a class of 20 boys in 15.6 years.
What will be the average age if5 new boys come whose average
Sol: age is 15.4 years?
Step 1: 1) 15.50 2) 16.52 3) 16.54 4) 15.56
As per the given statement 20lts is of the ratio 3:2. so it will be having milk
and water in the amount of 12 : 8 5. The average temperature of Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and
Now when you remove the 10 liters of this mixture that will also be in the Thursday is 60°. The average for Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday
ratio of 3:2 now 10 lts ratio of 3:2 is 6 lts of milk and 4 lts of water and Friday is 63°. If the ratio of the temperatures for Monday and
Friday be 21 : 25, then find these temperatures.
Step 2: 1) 84º, 100º 2) 42º, 50º 3) 105º, 125º 4) 63º, 75º
So after removing the ratio of the new mixture will be milk : water = 6:4
Now by adding 10 lts of pure milk the ratio will become as 16:4. 6. The average age of a class of 40 boys is 16.95 years, but by the
admission of a new boy the average age is raised to 17 years. Find
Step 3: the age of the new boy.
Now again 10 lts of this mixture is removed for the last time now looking at 1) 18 years 2) 16.95 years 3) 19 years 4) 41 years
the ratio the mixture should be removed in the ratio of 16:4 in the sense 4:1.
So the amount of milk and water that is removed from the given mixture is 7. The average of the daily wages of A and B is Rs.4.70, that of B
8:2 and C is Rs.5 and that of C and A is Rs.3.80. Find the daily wages
of each.(in Rs.)
Step 4: 1) 3.5, 5.9, 4.1 2) 3.2, 5.8, 4.2
Now the final mixture after removing will be of the amount 8 : 2 3) 3.5, 4.0, 5.0 4) 3.5, 6.0, 4.1
Adding 10 lts of milk again to it we arrive at the final volume 18 : 2.
.`. the final volume is given as 18 : 2. 8. The average attendance of a class for Monday, Tuesday and
Wednesday was 38. The average for Tuesday and Wednesday and
EXERCISE Thursday was 42. The attendance on Thursday was 40. Find the
attendance on Monday.
1. A man bought 13 cows at Rs.50 each, 15 cows at Rs.60 each and 1) 14 2) 22 3) 28 4) 26
12 cows at Rs.65 each. What is the average price paid per cow?
1) Rs.58.25 2) Rs.58.50 3) Rs.59.25 4) Rs.59.75 9. The average age of a class of 22 students is 21 years. The average
increases by 1 when the teacher's age is also include. What is the
2. In a certain primary school there are fifteen boys at the age of 12, age of the teacher?
sixteen at 15 and eighteen at 14. Find the average age of the boys. 1) 44 years 2) 46 years 3) 38 years 4) 24 years
1) 12.89 2) 14.29 3) 13.71 4) 13.50

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10. The average age of the three boys is 15 years. Their ages are in the 1) 110 2) 125 3) 80 4) 70
ratio 3 : 5 : 7. The age of the oldest is
1) 7 years 2) 14 years 3) 20 years 4) 21 years 18. 6 gallons of wine are drawn from a cask and replaced by 6 gallons
of water. 6 gallons of the mixture are next drawn and again
11. The average age of 3 children is 9 years. This gets doubled if their replaced by 6 gallons of water. If the ratio of wine to water in the
father’s age is also included. The age of the father is cask is now 81 : 19, then how much wine was there in the cask at
1) 73 years 2) 27 years 3) 45 years 4) None of these the beginning of the operation? (There was no water in the cask at
first.)
12. 9 men visited a hotel. 8 of them spend Rs.4 each for their meal and 1) 50 gallons 2) 70 gallons 3) 80 gallons 4) 60 gallons
the 9th spend Rs.2 more the average of all the nine. The total
money spend by them for the meal is 19. A can contains a mixture of two liquids A and B in the ratio 7 : 5.
1) Rs.38.25 2) Rs.54.00 3) Rs.40.30 4) Rs 38.75 When 9 litres of mixture are drawn off and the can is filled with B,
the ratio of A and B becomes 7 : 9. How many litres of liquid A
13. Of the three numbers, the first is twice the second and is half the was contained by the can initially?
third. If the average of the three numbers is 56 then the three 1) 25 2) 21 3) 20 4) 10
numbers is order are
1) 48, 96, 24 2) 24, 12, 48 3) 48, 24, 96 4) 48, 12, 24 20. Two vessels A and B contain milk and water mixed in the ratio 4 :
3 and 2 : 3. In what ratio must these mixtures be mixed to form a
14. 9 men visited a hotel. 8 of them spend Rs.4 each for their meal and new mixture containing half milk and half water?
the 9th spend Rs.2 more the average of all the nine. The total 1) 7 : 5 2) 1 : 2 3) 2 : 1 4) 6 : 5
money spend by them for the meal is
1) Rs.38.25 2) Rs.54.00 3) Rs.40.30 4) Rs 38.75 21. The ratio of milk and water in 66 kg of adulterated milk is 5 : 1.
Water is added to it to make the ratio 5 : 3. The quantity of water
15. The average age of the family of 7 members is 23 years. If the age added is
of the youngest member be 8 years, then the average of the family 1) 22 kg 2) 24.75 kg 3) 16.50 kg 4) 20 kg
at the birth of the youngest was
1) 15 years 2) 17.5 years 3) 18 years 4) 20 years 22. In what proportion must wheat at Rs.1.60 per kg be mixed with
wheat at Rs.1.45 per kg, so that the mixture is worth Rs.1.54 per
16. Twelve person raised a subscription among themselves for kg?
contribution towards the. Defense Fund. Ten person contributed 1) 2 : 3 2) 3 : 2 3) 3 : 4 4) 4 : 3
Rs.8 each while the other two subscribed Rs.8 and Rs.12
respectively more than the average subscription paid by the 12 23. Two liquids, A and B, are mixed together in the ratio 7 : 3 by
persons. What sums were contributed by the last two persons? volume. 1 c.c. of A weighs 1.408 gm, 1 c.c. of B weighs 1.320 gm.
1) 20 2) 19 3) 22 4) 24 How many gm does 1 c.c. of the mixture weigh?
1) 1.42 gm 2) 1.38 gm 3) 1.28 gm 4) 1.48 gm
17. The average marks obtained by 150 candidates was 35. If the
average marks of passed candidates was 39 and that of failed 24. In what proportion should two kinds of tea, one costing Rs.4.80
candidates was 15, then the numbers of candidates was passed the and the other Rs.7.20 per kg, be mixed so that the mixture is worth
examination, is Rs.5.28 per kg?

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 1) 3 : 1 2) 4 : 1 3) 1 : 4 4) 1 : 3 30. Mrs. Freya per day sells exactly four quintal sugar at Rs. 2000 per
quintal getting the profit of 25%. Since she mixes two varieties of
25. Two types of tea are mixed in the ratio 3:5 to make first quality sugar, one costs Rs.14 per kg and another costs Rs.22 per kg. One
and in the ratio 2:3 to make second quality. How many kilograms day due to huge demand in market she had only 3 quintal of the
of first quality has to be mixed with 10 kg of the second quality so required mixture so she purchased the sugar costs Rs.17 per kg at
that the third quality having the two varieties in the ratio of 8:11 Rs. 18 per kg from the whole seller on that day and then she mixed
may be produced? 300 kg mixture with 100 kg sugar costing Rs.18 per kg to fulfill
1) 5 kg 2) 10 kg 3) 8 kg 4) None of these the demand of the market selling at the same price. How much
percent less does she gain that she would have gained, if she had
26. Three pots have the same volume. The ratio of milk and water in sufficient quantity of usual mixture of sugar?
first, second and third pots are 3:2; 7:3 and 11:4 respectively. If the 1) 12.5% 2) 18.18% 3) 15.16% 4) None of these
liquid of three pots are mixed, then the ratio of milk and water in
the mixture is 6. PROFIT & LOSS
1) 61:30 2) 61:29 3) 5:4 4) 29:61
Profit , Loss and Discount is a well known concept that is based on the
27. There are 90 litres Castrol and 150 litres CRB mobil oils. The price concept percentages completely. We generally use this context of profit loss
of castrol is Rs.80 per litre and the price of CRB is Rs. 75 per litre. and discount in each and every part and parcel of our life. Time and again
Equal amount of Castrol and CRB is taken out and then CRB is we have this PLD but till date we dont know the exact terms of it to be well
poured out in the vessel of Castrol and Castrol is poured out in the said.
vessel of CRB. Now the rate of both the mixtures is same. What is There are two types of partners.
the amount of mobil oil taken out from each of the vessel? 1. Passive Partner: Sleeping partner is the person who provides only
1) 45 litres 2) 56.25 litres 3) 24.5 litres 4) 36 litres investment but does not take part in running the business.

28. There are two containers, the first contain, 1 litre pure water and 2. Active Partner: Working partner is the person who not only
the second contain 1 litre pure milk. Now 5 cups of water from the invests the money but also takes part in running the business. For
first container is taken out is mixed well in the second container. this work he is paid some salary or some percent of profit in
Then, 5 cups of this mixture is taken out and is mixed in the first addition.
container. Let A denote the proportion of milk in the first container Understanding the terms of PLD :
and B denote the proportion of Water in the second container then As usual lets start with an example, Consider that you are owing a denim
1) A<B 2) A=B 3) A>B 4) Cannot be determined company,
1. So to produce a denim you need capital, work force, transportation,
29. Three vessels having volumes in the ratio of 2:3:5 are full of a material etc…. Now all this comprise together is called as COST
mixture of water and milk. In the first vessel ratio of water and PRICE we generally tell it as C.P.
milk is 1:3, in second 2:3 and in the third vessel, 2:5. If all the 2. Now you take it to the outlet and sell it with a tag on it and that is called
three vessels were poured out in a large container, what is the as the TAG PRICE OR MARKED PRICE ( M.P.).
resulting ratio of milk and water? 3. That rise in the price of the product from the cost price to the marked
1) 43:96 2) 438:962 3) 348:962 4) 962:438 price is called as MARKUP PERCENTAGE (M.P. %).
MARKUP PERCENTAGE (M.P. %) = [(M.P. – C.P.) / C.P.] x 100 %

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4. As a customer, When we enter into that outlet, We will generally look for To find the profit or gain % we must know the cost price of the article
products with high price reduction from the price that has been printed in That is,
the tag of the product. If not we would demand or bargain for some C.P. = S.P. – P
reduction in the given amount. That amount which being reduced by the = 100 – 15 = 85.
shopkeeper is called as DISCOUNT. (Dis) .`. P % [(100 – 85) / 85 ] x 100%= 17 (11/17) %
Dis = S.P. – M.P.
Dis % = [(S.P. – M.P.) / M.P.] x 100 % Example 2:
5. The amount which you spend on a product, from the perspective of a If a merchant offers a discount of 40% on the marked price of his
customer, to buy it then that amount is called as SELLING PRICE ( S.P. ). goods and thus ends up selling at cost price, what was the % mark up?
If we want to know about this Selling Price we have to understand two 1) 28.57%
more concepts called as Profit and Loss. 2) 40%
3) 66.66%
PROFIT: 4) 58.33%
For every product there will be cost price which cant be changed once if it Sol:
is fixed but for any product if the price of the product is some value high Considering that 100 rps is the marked value then selling price would be
than the cost price if that value adds on to the pocket of the seller and that is 60rps.
called as PROFIT ( P ). Now looking at the mark price from the selling price we have a difference
of 40 rps so what percent of your selling price is 40?
LOSS: Mark up % = 40 / 60 x 100
If there is a situation in which the product sold for an amount less than the = 66.66 %.
cost price of the product, then the seller of that product should spare that
deficit amount from his pocket and that situation is called as LOSS. Example 3:
Now lets see the formula for all this A cow and horse are bought for Rs.2,00,000. The cow is sold at a profit
S.P. = C.P. + P (or) C.P. – L of 20% and the horse is sold a t a loss of 10%. The overall gain is
P % (or) L % = [(S.P. – C.P.) / C.P. ] x 100% Rs.4000, the Cost price of cow?
NOTE: Normally , for Loss another new formula will be given but we dont. a. 130000 b. 80000 c. 70000 d. 120000
If the answer of above formula is positive then it is PROFIT , else if it is Ans : (b)
negative it is LOSS. Explanation:
So profit is nothing but P = S.P. – C.P. x+y=20000
P % = [(S.P. – C.P.) / C.P. ] x 100% y=200000-x
(120/100)x + (90/100)y = 200000+4000
This is all about profit loss and discount lets look at few example problems (12/10)x + 9/10(200000 – x) = 204000
and lets work on exercises. 3x= 2040000 – 1800000
Example 1 : x= 204000/3 = Rs.80,000
If by selling an article for RS.100, a man gains Rs.15 then his gain percent
is Example 4:
Sol: A shopkeeper marks his sarees at 20% above the cost price and allows
S.P. = 100 the purchaser a discount of 10% for cash buying. What profit per cent
P = 15 does he make?

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 a) 18 b) 12 c) 1 d) 8 1) Rs.40.00 2) Rs.90.00 3) Rs.97.75 4) Rs.19.55
Ans : d
Explanation: 8. A farmer buys 240 cows. He sells some of them at a gain of 20% and the
Let the CP of saree = 100.; then Marked price = 120 remaining at a gain of 30%. If he gains 28% on the whole, then how many
:. SP = 120 – 10% of 120 = 120 – 12 = 108. So, profit = 8 did he sell at a gain of 20%?
:. Profit percent = 8%. 1) 40 2) 48 3) 54 4) 28
EXERCISE 9. I buy two horses, A and B, A costs Rs.50 more than B. I sell A at a profit of
16% and B at a profit of 7%. My total gain is Rs.100. What was the original
1. A shopkeeper bought oranges at the rate of 7 for a rupee and sold them at a price of B?
profit of 40%. How many oranges would he sell for a rupee? 1) Rs.450 2) Rs.400 3) Rs.350 4) Rs.500
1) 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) 7
10. I sell a table for Rs.24 and thus make a percentage of profit equal to the cost
2. The real cost of an article is 56% of the price at which it is marked for sale. price. What did the table cost me?
It is, however, sold at a trade discount of 12½ %. How much is the seller's 1) Rs.10 2) Rs.20 3) Rs.40 4) Rs.30
gain percent?
1) 56.50 % 2) 57.25 % 3) 56.25 % 4) 68.5 % 11. A man bought paper sheets for Rs.3600 and spent Rs.100 on transport.
Paying Rs.300 on packing, he had 330 boxes made which he sold at Rs.14
3. A builder sold a house at an auction for Rs.4200 and after paying the each. What is the profit percentage?
auctioneer 5% on the selling price he found that he had made a profit of 5% 1) 17.5% 2) 16.5% 3) 15.5% 4) 18.5%
on what the house cost him. How much did the house cost him?
1) 4000 2) 3700 3) 3900 4) 3800 12. Vivek bought 5 dozen apples at the rate of Rs.15 per dozen. He spent Rs.15
on transportation. If he sold the apples at the rate of Rs.24 per dozen, what
4. What profit percent is made by selling an article at a certain price, if by was his profit percentage?
selling it at two-thirds of that price, there would be a loss of 20 %? 1) 25% 2) 30% 3) 33⅓% 4) 60%
1) 25 % 2) 22 % 3) 15 % 4) 20 %
13. The cost price of 12 articles is the same as the selling price of 8 articles.
5. A man sold a horse at a loss of 7%. Had he been able to sell it at a gain of What is the profit percent?
9%, it would have fetched Rs.64 more than it did. What is the cost price of 1) 25% 2) 40% 3) 50% 4) 200%
the horse? 14. In order to increase revenue, a dealer announces 20% reduction in the unit
1) 700 2) 500 3) 600 4) 400 price of an article. As a result, his sales volume increases by 20%. What is
the overall gain/loss to the dealer?
6. A manufacturer sells a vehicle to a dealer at a profit of 40%, the dealer sells 1) No profit no loss 2) 4% loss
it to a customer at a profit of 30% and the customer sells it to a friend for 3) 10% profit 4) Cannot be determined since selling price is unknown
Rs.7280 at a loss of 20%. Find the cost price of the vehicle for the
manufacturer? 15. A dishonest dealer pretends to sell at the cost price but earns a profit of 25%
1) 6000 2) 5280 3) 5000 4) 6280 by under weighing. What weight must he be using for 1 kg?
1) 750 gm 2) 800 gm 3) 500 gm 4) 875 gm
7. A man sells two horses for Rs.1955 each. On one he gains 15% and on the
other he loses 15%, His total gain or loss is

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16. 'A' sold a house to B at a gain of 10% and B sold it to C at a gain of 20%. If Samir purchased 24 kg of wheat at the rate of Rs.6.50 per kg and 26 kg of
C paid Rs.264000 for it, at what price must A have purchased it? wheat at the rate of Rs.8.00 per kg. He mixed the two and sold the mixture.
1) Rs.200000 2) Rs.220000 3) Rs.240000 4) Rs.250000 At what price per kg should he sell the mixture to make 30% profit in this
transaction (approx.)?
17. An increase, in the cost price of an article, by 22% leads to the value of 1) Rs.9 2) Rs.10 3) Rs.9.50 4) Rs.10.50
Rs.61. What was the original cost price of the article?
1) Rs.40 2) Rs.45 3) Rs.50 4) Rs.55 25. An off-season discount of x% is being offered at a store. An additional
12.5% discount is given if the value of purchase is more than Rs.500. After
18. A man buys two goats at Rs.120 each. He sells one at 25% gain and the the discounts a person pays Rs.525 for a pair of jeans whose list price is
other at 25% loss. How much is his profit or loss? Rs.750. What is the value of x?
1) 6.25% gain 2) No loss no gain 3) 6.25% loss 4) Cannot be 1) 30 2) 25 3) 20 4) 35
determined
26. Krishnan has 12 eggs with him, He sells x at a profit of 10% and remaining
19. A man sells two commodities at the same price. On one he gains 30% and at a loss of 10%. He gains 5% on the whole. What is the value of x?
loses 30% on the other. He gets 1) 7 2) 9 3) 8 4) 10
1) 3% loss 2) 9% loss 3) 3% gain 4) No gain no loss
27. After selling 1/4 of the milk in his can, the milkman fills it with water. After
20. A person sold two shops each for Rs.9900. If he gained 10% on one and lost selling 1/5 of the mixture as milk, he fills it again and then sells the entire
20% on the other, then which one of the following statements is true? portion as milk. What is the percentage gain made by the milkman? (If
1) He gained Rs.200 2) He lost Rs.200 selling price = cost price.)
3) He neither gained nor lost 4) None of these 1) 45% 2) 35% 3) 30% 4) 25%

21. Profit made by selling an article at Rs.425 is the same as the loss incurred 28. Aditya purchases toffees at Rs.10 per dozen and sells them at Rs.12 for
by selling it at Rs.375. What is the cost price of the article? every 10 toffees. Find the gain or loss percentage.
1) Rs.405 2) Rs.400 3) Rs.410 4) Rs.425 1) 34% loss 2) 40% profit 3) 44% profit 4) 34% profit

22. If candies are bought at the rate of 25 for a rupee, then how many must be 29. A shopkeeper is giving 6 kg of rice at the price of 5 kg. What should be the
sold for a rupee so as to gain 25%? markup on cost price if he wants to make a profit of 20%?
1) 18 2) 10 3) 15 4) 20 1) 25% 2) 50% 3) 44% 4) 20%

23. A tradesman's prices are 20% above cost. If he allows a discount of 10% to
the customer, then what profit does he make?
1) 10% 2) 8% 3) 12% 4) 15%
24. If I sell a horse for Rs.620 and a cow for Rs.260, then I gain 10% on the
original cost of both, But if I sell the horse for Rs.630 and the cow for its
original price, then I lose 10% on the whole. The original cost of each is (in
Rs.)
1) Horse = 710, Cow = 90 2) Horse = 500, Cow = 90
3) Horse = 710, Cow = 50 4) Horse = 500, Cow = 25

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 7. TIME & WORK Which will be equal to 1, if the work is complete.

Fundamental Concepts:  If A can do a piece of work in X days and B can do the same work
 If A can do a piece of work in n days, then at a uniform rate of in Y days, then both of them working together will do the same
1 XY
work in days.
working A will finish
n
the work in one day. X Y

 If A, B and C, while working alone, can complete a work in X, Y

1
 If th of work is done by A in one day, then A will take n days to and Z days respectively, then they will together complete the work
n XYZ
complete the full work. in days.
XY  YZ  ZX
1
 If A does th of a work in one hour then to complete the full Pipes and Cisterns:
n  Inlet: A pipe connected with a tank or a cistern or a reservoir, that
n fills it, is known as an inlet.
work, A will take hours.
m  Outlet: A pipe connected with a tank or a cistern or a reservoir,
emptying it, is known as an outlet.
 If A does three times faster work than B, then ratio of work done
by A and B is 3:1 and ratio of time taken by A and B is 1:3.
 If a pipe can fill a tank in x hours, then the part filled in 1 hour =
 A, B, and C can do a piece of work in T1,T2 andT3 days 1
, if another pipe can empty a full tank in y hours, then part
respectively. If they have worked for D1, D2 andD3 days x
respectively. Then, 1
emptied in 1 hour = .
D1 y
Amount of work done by A =
T1  If a pipe can fill a tank in x hours and another pipe can empty the
D full tank in y hours (where y>x), then the net part filled in 1 hour
Amount of work done by B = 2 and, Amount of work done by C 1 1
T2 when both the pipes are opened =   .
D x y
= 3 EXERCISE
T3
Also, the amount of work done by A, B and C together = 1. If 20 men complete one-third of a piece of work in 20 days, how
D1 D2 D3 many more men should be employed to finish the rest of the work
  . in 25 days?
T1 T2 T3 1) 32 2) 12 3) 26 4) 16

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2. A and B working together can do a piece of work in 6 days. B 10. Paul finishes 3/10 of a work in 6 days and then finishes the
alone can do it in 8 days. Supposing B works at it for 5 days, in remaining work the assistance of Peter in 6 days. In what time can
how many more days A alone could finish it? Peter alone finish the same work?
1) 9 2) 15 3) 8 4) 7.5 1) 6 2) 20 3) 7 4) 15
11. Mahesh and Umesh can complete a work in 10 and 15 days
3. A and B can do a piece of work in 6 days, B and C in 7 1/2 days, C respectively. Umesh starts the work and after 5 days, Mahesh joins
and A in 10 days. In what time could each do it separately? him. In all, the work would be completed in
1) 10, 15, 25 2) 15, 10, 30 3) 8 4) 20, 10, 15 1) 9 days 2) 7 days 3) 11 days 4) None of these

4. A can copy 75 pages in 25 hours. A and B together can copy 135 12. A can complete a work in 6 days and B in 5 days. They work
pages in 27 hours. In what time can B copy 42 pages? together, finish the job and receive Rs.220 as wages. Thus B's
1) 21 2) 42 3) 8.4 4) 14 share would be
1) Rs.120 2) Rs.110 3) Rs.100 4) Rs.90
5. A and B together can do a piece of work in 7 days. If A does twice
as much work as B in a given time, then how long A alone would 13. 15 persons can fill 35 boxes in 7 days. How many persons are
take to do the work? required to fill 65 boxes in 5 days?
1) 20 2) 14 3) 10.5 4) 12 1) 39 2) 49 3) 33 4) 36

6. If A takes half as long to do a piece of work as B takes and if C 14. A man works twice as fast as a woman. A woman works twice as
does it in the same time as A and B together and if all three fast as a child. If 16 men can complete a job in 12 days, then how
working together would take 7 days, then how long would each many days would be required for 32 women and 64 children
take separately? together to complete the same job?
1) 21, 42, 14 2) 14, 35, 21 3) 14, 42, 49 4) 42, 35, 49 1) 2 days 2) 3 days 3) 4 days 4) 6 days

7. If 5 men with 7 boys can earn Rs.127.50 in 6 days and 2 men with 15. A sum of money is sufficient to pay Sachin's salary for 45 days and
3 boys can earn Rs.35 in 4 days, then find the time in which 7 men Kale's salary for 60 days. For how many days can the sum pay the
with 6 boys will earn Rs.750? salaries of both?
1) 25 2) 15 3) 20 4) 30 1) 25 days 2) 280/11 days 3) 180/7 days 4) 270/11 days

8. If 12 men and 16 boys can do a piece of work in 5 days and 13 16. A garrison of 2000 men has provisions for 54 days. At the end of
men and 24 boys can do it in 4 days, then compare the daily work 15 days a reinforcement arrives and it is found that now the
done by a man with that done by a boy. provisions would last for only 20 days more, What is the strength
1) 3 : 2 2) 2 : 1 3) 4 : 1 4) 4 : 3 of reinforcement?
1) 2500 2) 3900 3) 1900 4) 2600
9. A certain number of men can do a piece of work in 40 days. Had
there been 8 more men, it would have finished 10 days earlier. 17. Gopal can make a model of a building in 10 days and Ravi can
How many men were there? break the model in 20 days. If they both perform their job together,
1) 40 2) 30 3) 24 4) 22 then in how many days will Gopal be just able to finish the work?

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 1) 20 days 2) 30 days 3) 25 days 4) 22 days 24. A and B can fill a cistern in 7.5 minutes and 5 minutes respectively
and C can carry away 14 litres per minute. If all the pipes are open
18. To complete a task in 45 days, a contractor employees 45 people when the cistern is full, it is emptied in 1 hour. Then the capacity
for the same. Upon reviewing the work after 30 days, he notices of the cistern is
that only half of the task is complete. In order to complete the work 1) 50 litres 2) 45 litres 3) 40 ml 4) 0.04 kl
in 45 days, how many extra people must he employ now?
1) 25 2) 15 3) 60 4) 45 25. X can do a job in 10 days, Y in 15 days and Z in 18 days. Y and Z
begin the work but have to leave after 3 days. How many days will
19. A swimming pool is fitted with three pipes. The first two pipes X take to finish the job?
working simultaneously, fill the pool in the same time as the third 1) 57/9 days 2) 57/11 days 3) 53/12 days 4) 6.5 days
pipe alone. The second pipe alone fills the pool 5 hours faster than
the first pipe and 4 hours slower than the third pipe. In what time 26. A and B working separately can finish a work in 8 and 12 days
will the second and third pipes together fill the pool? respectively. If they work for a day alternately (beginning with A),
1) 3 hours 2) 3.75 hours 3) 4 hours 4) 4.5 hours then in how many days will the work be completed?
1) 9 days 2) 9.5 days 3) 10 days 4) 9.8 days
20. Three pipes A, B and C can fill a cistern in 15, 20 and 30 min
respectively. They were all turned on at the same time. After 5 27. A and B can do a certain piece of work in 18 days, B and C can do
minutes the first two pipes were turned off. In what time will the it in 12 days and C and A can do it in 24 days. How long would
cistern be filled? each respectively take to do it working separately?
1) 7.5 mins 2) 5 mins 3) 13 mins 4) 12.5 mins 1) 144, 144/7, 144/5 2) 72/5, 72/7, 72/11
3) 144, 144/5, 144/7 4) 144/5, 144, 144/7
21. Three taps A, B and C can fill a cistern in 12, 15 and 18 min
respectively. They are all turned on but after 4.5 minutes A and C 28. X men can finish a job in 40 days. If 5 extra men join them, the job
are turned off, How many more minutes will B take to fill the takes 10 days less. What is the value of X?
cistern? 1) 15 2) 20 3) 10 4) 18
1) 1.125 min 2) 4.5 min 3) 5.625 min 4) None of these
29. If 6 BSF or 10 CRPF companies can demolish a hideous terrorist
22. A cistern can be filled by two taps in 20 minutes and 30 minutes outfit in Kashmir in 2 days, then how long will 4 BSF and 9 CRPF
respectively and can be emptied by a third in 48 minutes. They are companies take to do the same?
all turned on at once. When will the cistern be half full? 1) 1.35 days 2) 1.27 days 3) 2 days 4) 1.5 days
1) 8 mins 2) 7.5 mins 3) 16 mins 4) 12 mins
30. A worker A began digging a trench. After three days another
23. There is a leak in the bottom of a cistern. When the cistern had no worker B joined him. It now took them eight more days to
leak, it was filled in 2.5 hours. It now takes half an hour longer. If complete the work. Instead, if during the first three days, B alone
the cistern is full of water, then how long would it take to empty would have worked, then both of then would have required another
itself if water starts leaking out at double the usual rate once the nine days to complete the job. How much time would each take to
cistern is half empty? complete the job separately?
1)11 hrs 25 min 2)10 hrs 15 min 3) 3.75 hrs 4)11 hrs 15 min 1) A : 12 days; B : 20 days 2) A : 15 days; B : 30 days
3) A : 10 days; B : 20 days 4) A : 15 days; B : 20 days

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 ii ) Calculated per quarter annum:
8. SIMPLE INTEREST & COMPOUND Similarly a year has four quarters in it so this will be for quarterly computed
problems
INTEREST n = n ( p.a. ) * 4
r = r ( p.a. ) / 4
Basic Entities Example 1
P = Principle = Any sum of money that is either borrowed or received. A sum of Rs. 25000 becomes Rs. 27250 at the end of 3 years when
R%= Rate of Interest = some percentage is levied on that sum of money calculated at simple interest. Find the rate of interest.
that is either borrowed or received always calculated on per annum basis. Sol:
n = No of years = The above said percentage is levied for a particular term Principle = 25000, so interest would be ,
of years. Simple interest = 27250 – 25000 = 2250
I = Interest = for a certain number of years & for a certain rate of interest Number of years = 3 years.
we will be gaining some amount and that amount is interest SI = PNR / 100
A= Amount = P + I = the total outcome of principle with interest R = SI * 100 / PN
R = 2250 * 100 / 25000 * 3
Simple Interest .`. R = 3%.
In simple interest, the rate of interest on the sum that is invested in the first
year is calculated as such that for every year the interest will be same. EXERCISE
S.I. = (PNR/100) 1. If a certain sum is doubled in 8 years on simple interest then in
how many years will it be four times?
Compound Interest 1) 24 2) 16 3) 20 4) 18
In compound interest, the interest will be added back to the sum after each
and every year and the rate of interest is calculated for each years added 2. The difference of 13% and 12% of a sum in one year is Rs.110.
sum and interest. Then what is the sum?
C.I. = P [ 1+ ( r / 100 ) ]n – P (for interest alone) 1) Rs 13,000 2) Rs 12000 3) Rs.11000 4) Rs.10000
C.I. = P [ 1 + ( r / 100 ) ]n ( for amount after n years )
3. ‘A’ lent Rs.1500 to ‘B’ for 3 years at certain rate of simple interest
RATE OF INTEREST CALCULATION and Rs.1200 to ‘C’ for the same period and st the same rate. If he
Rate of interest is always being calculated under per annum basis. So we gets Rs.54 more from ‘B’ than from ‘C’ then what is the rate
must read the question carefully because in few question they may ask that percent?
interest being calculated under these two situations 1) 5% 2) 6% 3) 4% 4) 5.5%

i) Calculated Per Half Annum: 4. A sum of Rs.5000 was taken as a loan. This is to be paid two equal
A half year is six months and we have two six months in a year so when the instalments. If the rate of interest is 20% compounded annually,
question is being asked for half yearly we have to divide rate of interest into and then what is the value of each instalment?
half but multiple no of years tol its twice 1) Rs.2500.25 2) Rs.3000 3) Rs.2800.75 4) Rs.3272.73
n = n ( p.a. ) * 2
r = r ( p.a. ) / 2 5. A sum of Rs.10,000 deposited at compound interest becomes
double after 5 years, how much will it become?

26 | P a g e
 1) Rs.160000 2) Rs.100000 3) Rs.50000 4) Rs.120000 15. Rs. 1000 is being charged at 50% per annum. What is the interest
for 3rd year at compound interest?
6. A person earn Rs.400 on a capital of Rs.1000 as simple interest in 1) 1122 2) 1025 3) 1125 4) 625
4 years. If the same rate of interest is applicable compounded
annually, what would be the compound interest for 2 years ? 16. A sum of amount at r% compound interest doubles in 3 years. In 9
1) Rs.200 2) Rs.100 3) Rs.310 4) Rs.210 years it will be k times of the original principal. What is the value
of k?
7. Find the difference between SI and CI on Rs.2000 for 2 years at 1) 10 2) 9 3) 6 4) 8
the rate of 10% p.a.
1) Rs.20 2) Rs.30 3) Rs.40 4) Rs.50 17. A sum of Rs. 2500 is lent out in two parts; one at 12% p.a. and
another at 12.5% p.a. for one year. If the total annual income is Rs.
8. In what time will Rs.390625 amount to Rs 456976 at 4% 306, the money lent at 12% is :
compound interest? 1) 1000 2) 1200 3) 1500 4) 1300
1) 3 years 2) 4 years 3) 5 years 4) None of these
18. Purnima borrowed a sum of money and returned it in three equal
9. A sum of money at compound interest doubles itself in 1 year. In quarterly instalments of Rs. 17576 each. Find the sum borrowed, if
how many years will it amount to eight times itself? the rate of interest charged was 16% per annum compounded
1) 8 years 2) 16 years 3) 10 years 4) 3 years quarterly. Find also the total interest charged :
10. On what sum will the difference between the simple and 1) 46900 and 4700 2) 48775 and 4493
compound interest for 3 years at 5% per annum amount to 3) 68320 and 1200 4) None of these
Rs.12.20?
1) Rs.1200 2) Rs.1500 3) Rs.1600 4) Rs.2000 19. If the compound interest on a certain sum for 2 years at 4% p.a. is
Rs. 102, what would be the simple interest at the same rate for two
11. The compound interest on a certain sum for 2 years is Rs.40.80 and years?
the simple interest is Rs.40. Find the sum 1) Rs. 150 2) Rs. 100 3) Rs. 180 4) Rs. 200
1) Rs.500 2) Rs.400 3) Rs.450 4) Rs.600
20. What is the difference between the simple interest on a principal of
12. A sum of Rs.5000 at CI becomes double in 5 years. In 20 years it Rs. 500 being calculated at 5% per annum for 3 years and 4% per
will be annum for 4 years?
1) Rs.100000 2) Rs.80000 3) Rs.50000 4) Rs.20000 1) Rs. 5 2) Rs. 10 3) Rs. 20 4) Rs. 40

13. Find the simple interest on Rs. 1000 at 12% per annum for 5 years. 21. The rate of interest in two banks DNB and HBI are in the ratio of 7
1) Rs. 500 2) Rs. 600 3) Rs. 700 4) Rs. 800 : 8. If a person invested some amount in both the banks and
received equal amounts from both the banks in two year. The ratio
14. Find the simple interest on Rs. 800 at 7% per annum and on Rs. of amount invested in DNB and HBI respectively is :
700 at 16% p.a. and on Rs. 500 at 4% p.a. for 2 years. 1) 15 : 1 2) 8 : 7 3) 7 : 8 4) 108 : 107
1) Rs. 376 2) Rs. 435 3) Rs. 192 4) Rs. 296
22. Shyam Lal takes a loan of Rs. 10500 at 10% p.a. compounded
annually which is to be repaid in two equal annual instalments.

27 | P a g e
 One at the end of one year and the other at the end of the second 1) 5 : 10 : 12 2) 1/10 : 1/15 : 1/20 3) 6 : 7 : 8 4) 6 : 5 : 4
year. The value of each instalments is :
1) 5987 2) 6050 3) 6352.5 4) 5678.5 29. ICICI lent Rs. 1 lakh to captain Ram Singh @ 6% per annum of
simple interest for 10 years period. Meanwhile ICICI offered a discount in
23. A certain sum of money amounts to Rs. 704 in 2 years and Rs. 800 rate of interest for armed forces. Thus the rate of interest ICICI decreased to
in 5 years. Find the rate percentage per annum. 4%. In this way Ram Singh had to pay total amount 1.48 lakh.After how
1) Rs. 580 2) Rs. 600 3) Rs. 660 4) Rs. 640 many year Ram Singh got the discount in rate of interest?
1) 3 years 2) 4 years 3) 6 years 4) 5 years
24. Michael Bolton has $90000 with him. He purchases a car, a laptop
and a flat for $15000, $13000 and $35000 respectively and puts the 30. A certain sum of money was lent under the following repayment
remaining money in a bank deposit that pays compound interest @ scheme based on simple interest;
15% per annum. After 2 years, he sells off the three items at 80% 8% per annum for the initial 2 years
of their original price and also withdraws his entire money from 9.5% per annum for the next 4 years
the bank by closing the account. What is the total change in his 11% per annum for the next 2 years
asset? 12% per annum after the first 8 years
1) -4.5% 2) +3.5% 3) -4.32% 4) +5.5% Find the amount which a sum of Rs. 9000 taken for 12 years becomes at the
end of 12 years.
25. Onkar divides Rs. 6375 amongst Veer Singh and Rajesh. Veer 1) 20200 2) 19800 3) 20000 4) 20160
Singh is 22 years old while Rajesh is 23 years old. If the rate of interest is
4% p.a. C.I. and both of them will receive the same amount at the age of 25 9. SPEED, TIME & DISTANCE
years, what is share of Veer Singh at present?
1) Rs. 3150 2) Rs. 3120 3) Rs. 3125 4) none of these Basic Formulae
Distance=Speed * Time
26. HDFC lends 1 million to HUDCO at 10% simple interest p.a. for 2 Speed = Distance / Time
years and HUDCO lends the same amount to SAHARA STATES Time = Distance / Speed
HOUSING corporation at 10% p.a. of compound interest for 3 years. What Unit Conversion
is the earning of HUDCO in this way? • To convert m/s into km/hr:
1) Rs. 133100 2) Rs. 33100 3) Rs. 131000 4) no profit no loss x m/s = x * (18/5) km/hr
• To convert km/hr into m/s:
27. Seth AnkooshGawdekar borrows a sum of Rs. 1200 at the x km/hr = x * (5/18) m/s
beginning of a year. After 4 months, Rs. 1800 more is borrowed at a rate of • If a man covers a certain distance at two different speed x km/hr and y
interest double the previous one. At the end of the year, the sum of interest km/hr. Then,
on both the loans is Rs. 216. What is the first rate of interest per annum? Average speed= 2xy / (x + y)
1) 9% 2) 6% 3) 8% 4) 12% Example 1:
If a person covers a distance of 75m in 2 hrs.What is his speed in km/hr?
28. Pratibha invests an amount of Rs. 15,860 in the names of her three Sol: Distance=75m
daughters A, B and C in such a way that they get the same interest after 2, 3 Time = 2 hrs
and 4 years respectively. If the rate of simple interest is 5% p.a., then the Speed=x km/hr
ratio of the amounts invested among A, B and C will be :

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Speed= (75 * 18) / ( 5 * 2 )km/hr 5. An another running train(Same direction, Time = Ltrain +Lobj / (Strain-
=135 km/hr. Sobj)
Example 2: 6. An another running train (Opp direction), Time = Ltrain +Lobj / (Strain +
If a person covers a distance at a speed of 8/10 of his usual speed he reaches Sobj)
his office 5 minutes late?What is the time taken by him to reach his office? Where,
Sol: s = (8/10) *s L train – Length of train
=8/10(d/t) Strain – Speed of train
T=t+5 Sman – Speed of man
s=d/t Lobj – Length of object/train 2
(8/10) * (d/t) = d / (t + 5) Sobj – Speed of object /train 2
t=20 Examples:
A train is 600 meter long and is running at the speed of 72 km per hour.
Find the time taken to cross
Relative Speed 1)a man
• If two objects A and B are moving in the same direction with the speed of 2)a man running at 5 m/s in same direction
x km/hr and y km/hr. Then, their relative speed is, 3)a man running at 5 m/s in opposite direction
4)a 200 meter long platform
Relative Speed=(x-y)km/hr 5)a 200 meter long train running at 10 m/s in same direction
• If two objects A and B are moving in the opposite directions with the 6)a 200 meter long train running at 10 m/s in opposite direction
speed of x km/hr and y km/hr. Then, the relative speed is, Answers:
Relative speed= (x+y) km/hr 1. 30 sec 2. 40 sec 3. 24 sec 4. 40 sec 5.80 sec
• The ratio of the speeds of two objects is inversely proportional to the root 6.80/3 sec
of their time taken Explanation :
S1/S2 = root (T2/T1) 1. 600/20 =30 sec
2. 600/20-5 = 40 sec
Problems on Trains 3. 600/20+5=24 sec
Types of Problems 4. 600+200/ 20 = 40 sec
1. Train crossing a man/pole/lamp post 5. 600+200/20-10=80 sec
2. Train crossing a running man(Same direction) 6. 600+200/20+10= 80/3 sec
3. Train crossing a running man(Opp direction) Example 1:
4. Train crossing an another train/bridge/platform Train A travels at a speed of 90km/hr crosses a man at 8 seconds. what is
5. Train crossing an another running train(Same direction) the length of the train.
6. Train crossing an another running train (Opp direction) Soln:
Speed=90 km/hr
Formula to calculate time taken by train to cross, =90*(5/18)m/s
1. A man/pole/lamp post, Time = Ltrain / Strain =25 m/s
2. A running man(Same direction), Time = Ltrain / (Strain-Sman) Time=8 s
3. A running man(Opp direction) , Time = Ltrain / (Strain + Sman) Length=25*8
4. An another train/bridge/platform, Time = Ltrain+Lobj / Strain =200 m

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Example 2: 6. The distance of the sun from the earth is one hundred forty three
Chennai express of length 1050 m crosses a waiting man in 45 sec while it million four hundred thousand km and light travels from the
takes 90 sec to cross a platform. What is the length of the platform? former to the latter in seven minutes and fifty eight seconds. Find
Soln: the speed of light per second.
Length of the train=1050 m 1) 3 × 105 km /sec 2) 3 × 105 m /sec
5
Time for man=45 s 3) 3 × 10 × 60 m /sec 4) 3.7 × 105 km /sec
Speed=(1050/45)m/s
Let, the length of the platform=x 7. Two ships left a port at the same time. One started sailing towards
(x+1050)=(1050/45)*90 (S*T=D) the north and the other towards the west. The speed of one was 6
x+1050=2100 kmph faster than the other. Two hours after their start, they were
x=1050 60 km apart. Find the speed of the slower ship.
Length of the platform=1050 m 1) 12 kmph 2) 15 kmph 3) 18 kmph 4) 24 kmph

EXERCISE 8. Two boys begin together to write out a book containing 817 lines.
The first boy starts with the first line, writing at the rate of 200
1. A peon walks from P to Q at the rate of 5 kmph. After transacting lines an hour; and the second boy starts with the last line, then
some business which occupies him an hour, returns to P by the writes line 816 and so on, backwards at the rate of 150 lines an
tramway at the rate of 7 kmph. He then finds that he has been hour. At what line will they meet?
absent for 2 hours 12 minutes. Find the distance from P to Q. 1) 350th line 2) 467th line 3) 325th line 4) 376th line
1) 2.8 km 2) 3.5 km 3) 4.2 km 4) 2.1 km
9. A man walks from A to B and back in a certain time at the rate of
2. I have to be at a certain place at a certain time and find that I shall 3.5 kmph. But if he had walked from A to B at the rate of 3 kmph
be 15 minutes too late, if I walk at 4 kmph; and10 minutes too and back from B to A at the rate of 4 kmph, he would have taken 5
early if I walk at 6 kmph. How far have I to walk? minutes longer. Find the distance between A and B.
1) 4 km 2) 3 km 3) 5 km 4) 6 km 1) 3.5 km 2) 6.5 km 3) 6 km 4) 7 km

3. What is the speed of a man (in kmph) who passes through a street 10. A motor car completes a journey in 10 hours, the first half at 21
600 m long in 5 minutes? kmph and the rest at 24 kmph. Find the distance.
1) 7.2 kmph 2) 6.4 kmph 3) 6 kmph 4) 4.2 kmph 1) 232 km 2) 250 km 3) 224 km 4) 248 km

4. Sound travels at 330 m/s. How many kilometers is a thunder-cloud 11. A thief steals a motor car at 1 pm and drives it at 45 kmph. The
located when the sound follows the flash after 10 seconds? theft is discovered at 2 pm and the owner sets off in another car at
1) 33 km 2) 3.3 km 3) 3.30 m 4) 33 m 54 kmph. When will he overtake the thief?
1) 4 hrs, 6 pm 2) 4.5 hrs, 6:30 pm 3) 5 hrs, 7 pm 4) 6
5. The wheel of an engine 30/7 m in circumference makes seven hrs, 8 pm
revolutions in 4 seconds. Find the speed of the train in kmph.
1) 18 km/s 2) 27 km/hr 3) 54 m/hr 4) 20 m/s 12. A, B and C can walk at the rate of 3, 4, 5 kmph. They start from
Mumbai at 1, 2, 3 pm respectively. When B catches A, B sends

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 him back with a message to C. At what time will C get the 20. Find the time taken by two trains, one 180 m long and the other
message? 270 m long, to cross each other, if they are running at speeds of 46
1) 4:45 pm 2) 5:15 pm 3) 5 pm 4) 4:50 pm kmph and 54 kmph respectively. Consider both possible cases of
motion.
13. Raghunandan performs 9/30th of his total journey by ship, 5/18th 1) 202.5, 16.2 sec 2) 160, 100 sec
by a horse carriage and the remaining 10 km on foot. The length of 3) 108.45, 15.6 sec 4) 204.5, 14.8 sec
the total journey is
1) 450/19 km 2) 24.62 km 3) 27.2 km 4) 92 km 21. Mr. X is running at a speed X kmph to cover a distance 1 km, But
due to sticky ground his speed is reduced by Y kmph. If he takes Z
14. The time in which a train 180 m long, travelling at the speed of 30 hours to cover the distance, then
kmph, will pass a signalling pole is 1) 40z = 1/X + 1/Y 2) ZX – ZY = 1
1) 21.6 min 2) 0.216 min 3) 21.6 sec 4) None of these 3) Z = X + Y 4) None of these

15. The time taken by a 90 m long train, running at the speed of 18 22. Excluding stoppages, the speed of a bus is 54 km/hr and including
kmph to cross a bridge 270 m long, is stoppages, it is 45 km/hr. For how many minutes does the bus stop
1) 70 sec 2) 146 sec 3) 72 sec 4) None of these per hour?
1) 9 min 2) 10 min 3) 12 min 4) 20 min
16. A person going from Pondichery to Otacamond travels 120 km by
steamer, 450 km by rail and 60 km by horse transit. The journey 23. A man rows upstream 13 km and downstream 28 km taking 5
occupies 13 hours 30 minutes and the speed of the train is three hours each time. The speed of the current is
times that of the horse-transit and 1½ times that of the steamer. 1) 1.5 kmph 2) 3 kmph 3) 1 kmph 4) 5 kmph
Find the speed of the train.
1) 20 kmph 2) 60 kmph 3) 10 kmph 4) 50 kmph 24. A car covers four successive three km stretches at speeds of 10
km/hr, 20 km/hr, 30 km/hr and 60 km/hr respectively. Its average
17. A and B start on a journey at the same time. B travels at 4/7th of speed over this distance is
A's rate and arrives 3 hours 15 minutes after him. In what time did 1) 10 km/hr 2) 20 km/hr 3) 30 km/hr 4) 25 km/hr
each complete the whole journey?
1) 91/12 hours, 13/3 hours 2) 89/12 hours, 13/5 hours 25. A train runs at 45 kmph. How far does it go in 6 seconds?
3) 91/10 hours, 13/3 hours 4) 91/12 hours, 13/7 hours 1) 75 m 2) 60 m 3) 45 m 4) 55 m

18. Walking at 3/4 of his usual rate, a man is 1½ hours too late. Find 26. The ratio between the rates of walking of A and B is 3 : 4. If the
his usual time. time taken by B to cover a certain distance is 24 minutes, then time
1) 4½ hours 2) 3½ hours taken by A to cover that distance is
3) 2½ hours 4) None of these 1) 18 min 2) 32 min 3) 10(6/7) min 4) 13(5/7) min

19. Ramesh runs 22.4 kmph. How many metres does he run in five 27. Find the length of the bridge in which a train 130 m long travelling
minutes? at 45 km per hour can cross in 20 sec.
1) 1866 m 2) 18.66 km 3) 2.866 km 4) 1.432 km 1) 115 m 2) 120 m 3) 245 m 4) 250 m

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 Directions for question 28 to 29:  Consistent and inconsistent equations:
Two cyclists start from the same place to ride in the same direction. When a system of equations has a solution, the system is called
A starts at noon at 8 kmph while B starts at 2 pm at the rate of 10 consistent. When a system of equations has no solution, the
kmph. system is called inconsistent.
 Test for Consistency:
28. How far will A have ridden before he is overtaken by B? If we are given two linear equations
1) 76 km 2) 80 km 3) 84 km 4) 75 km a1x+b1y=c1 and a2x+b2y=c2. Then,
a1 b1
29. At what times A and B will be 5 km apart? (a) If  , the system will have exactly one solution and
1) 7:30 pm on the same day and 1:30 am on the next day. a 2 b2
2) 7:30 pm on the same day and 12:30 am on the next day. will be consistent.
3) 8:30 pm on the same day and 1:30 am on the next day. a1 b1 c1
4) 8:30 pm on the same day and 12:30 am on the next day.
(b) If  = , the system is consistent and has infinitely
a 2 b2 c 2
many solutions.
30. A boat moves downstream at the rate of 1 km in 6 minutes and
a1 b1 c1
upstream at the rate of 1 km in 10 minutes. The speed of the (c) If   , the system has no solution and is
current is a 2 b 2 c2
1) 2 km/hr 2) 1 km/hr 3) 1.5 km/hr 4) 2.5 km/hr inconsistent.
Quadratic Equations
 An equation of the form ax2+bx+c = 0, where a  0 is called a
10. LINEAR & QUADRATIC EQUATIONS quadratic equation in variable x. The values of x for which this
equation becomes 0 are called “Roots of the equation”.
Linear Equation
 A linear equation in two variables is an equation of the form
b  b2  4ac
 Roots of the equation are x =
ax+by+c=0, where x & y are variables and a, b, c are constants, 2a
such that a  0, b  0 .  Sum of the roots = -b/a, product of the roots = c/a.
 Let a1x+b1y=c1, a2x+b2y=c2 are two linear equations in x & y, then Nature of roots of the quadratic equation
the solution is written as Discriminant of the quadratic equation = b2-4ac is usually denoted by ‘D’.
 If D>0 and is a perfect square, roots are real, rational and unequal.
x y 1
   If D>0 and is not a perfect square, roots are real, irrational unequal.
b1c2  b2 c1 c1a2  c2 a1 a1b2  a2b1  If D=0, roots are real, rational & equal.
 If D<0, roots are imaginary.
  b1c2  b2c1    c1a2  c2 a1   A quadratic equation with roots  and  can be expressed as (x-
x ,y
a1b2  a2b1 a1b2  a2b1  )(x-  )=0. i.e.,
 To solve a system of linear equations, the number of independent X2-(    )x+  =0.
equations (Two equations are called independent equations if one
is not a multiple of the other) must be at least equal to the number Here    =sum of the roots,  = Product of the roots
of variables.

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Maximum value & Minimum value α + 2, β + 2.
 Let f(x) = ax2+bx+c = 0 is the quadratic equation, 1) x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 2) x2 – 6x + 5 = 0
b 3) 2x2 – 4x + 2 = 0 4) x2 – 6x + 7 = 0
(a) If a>0, then ‘f’ has absolute minimum at x= and the
2a 6. If a sum of Rs. 80 is made up of two types of coins i.e. 20 paise
4ac  b 2 and 50 paise and there are a total of 340 coins, then find the
minimum value is . number of 20 paise coins. (1 Re. = 100 paise)
4a 1) 350 2) 250 3) 300 4) 275
b
(b) If a<0, then ‘f’ has absolute maximum at x= and the
2a 7. Rocky and Monty solve an equation. In solving Rocky commits a
mistake in constant term and finds the roots as 8 and 2. Monty
4ac  b 2 commits a mistake in the coefficient of X and finds the roots as –9
maximum value is .
4a and –1. Find the correct roots and the equation.
EXERCISE 1) 2, 8 2) 9, –1 3) –9, 1 4) 9, 1

1. For what value of k will the equations 2x + 32y + 3 = 0 and 3x + 8. A person has a number of one rupee coins which he tries to arrange
48y + k = 0 represent coincident lines? in the form of a square. On the first attempt he has Rs. 116 over
1) 9/2 2) 2/9 3) 4/5 4) 5/4 and when he increases the side of the square by 3, he wants Rs. 25
more to complete the square, How much rupees does he have?
2. The total cost of 6 books and 4 pencils is Rs.34 and that of 5 books 1) 500 2) 400 3) 600 4) 550
and 5 pencils is Rs.30. Find the cost of each book and pencil (in
Rs.)? 9. Solve the quadratic inequation x2 – 5x – 14 ≥ 0.
1) 4.5, 0.5 2) 5, 1 3) 2, 4 4) 5, 2 1) 7, –2 2) 2, 7 3) –2, –3 4) 1, 14

3. What may be inferred regarding the roots of the equation 4x 2 – 20x 10. If 2x + 3y = 12 and 3x – 2y = 5, then x and y must have the values
+5=0?
1) imaginary 2) real and distinct 1) 2 and 3 2) 3 and –3 3) 3 and –2 4) 3 and 2
3) real and equal 4) rational and distinct
11. The solution of the equations 4x + 6y = 3xy and 8x + 9y = 5xy is
4. A person spent Rs.564 in buying articles in the varieties of A and given by
B. If each article A costs Rs.7 and each article B costs Rs.3 and the 1) x = 1, y = 2 2) x = 2, y = 3 3) x = 1, y = –14) x = 3, y = 4
total number of articles bought was 108, then how many of each 12. The positive integral value of m, satisfying the inequalities 7m +
did he buy? 35 > 70 and
1) 60–A, 48–B 2) 52–A, 56–B 8m + 36 < 92 is
3) 58–A, 50–B 4) 44–A, 64–B 1) 3 2) 2 3) 6 4) 0

5. If α and β are roots of equation x2 – 2x – 3 = 0, then find the 13. The set of homogeneous simultaneous equations 4x + 2y = 0 and
equation whose roots are 6x + 3y = 0 has
1) x = 0, y = 0 as solutions.

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 2) x = 0, y = 0 and x = 1, y = –2 as solutions. 22. The area of a right-angled triangle is 63 cm2. If the base of the
3) x = 0, y = 0; x = –1, y = 2 and x = 1, y = –2 as solutions. triangle exceeds that of its altitude by 5 cm, then the altitude of the
4) An infinite number of solutions. triangle is
1) 9 cm 2) 8 cm 3) 7 cm 4) 10 cm
14. The sum of two numbers is 9 and their product is 18. The sum of
their reciprocals is 23. One year ago, the father was 8 times as old as his son. Now his age
1) 1/10 2) 1/2 3) 3 4) 2 is the square of his son's age. Then the respective ages of son and
the father are
15. If the roots of x2 – 7x + 10 = 0 are each reduced by 1, then the new 1) 6 and 36 years 2) 7 and 49 years
equation is 3) 8 and 64 years 4) None of these
1) x2 – 3x + 3 = 0 2) x2 – 5x + 4 = 0
3) x – 6x + 14 = 0
2
4) 2x2 – 15x + 40 = 0 24. The sum of two numbers is 45. The difference of their squares is
675. Find the numbers.
16. If x + y = 10, then what is the minimum value of x2 + y2 ? 1) 20, 25 2) 15, 30 3) 10, 35 4) 12, 33
1) 50 2) 60 3) 55 4) 75
25. A and B attempt to solve a quadratic equation of the form ax2 + bx
17. If one of the roots of a quadratic equation is (–2–√6), then the + c = 0. A starts with a wrong value of b and gets roots as –3 and –
equation will be 5. B starts with a wrong value of c and gets the roots as 6 and 2.
1) x2 + 4x + 2 = 0 2) x2 – 4x – 2 = 0 Find the correct roots.
3) x – 4x + 2 = 0
2
4) x2 + 4x – 2 = 0 1) 3, 4 2) 3, 5 3) 4, 6 4) 2, 3

18. A positive number when decreased by 4, is equal to 21 times the 26. If the roots of the quadratic equation lx2 + mx + n = 0 are equal in
reciprocal of the number. The number is magnitude and opposite in sign, then
1) 3 2) 5 3) 7 4) 9 1) l = 0 2) m = 0 3) n = 0 4) none of these

19. If x + y = 0, what is the value of (x – 2y)2 – (2x – y)2 ? 27. For what values of k will x2 – (3k – 1)x + 2k2 + 2k = 11 have equal
1) 9 2) 3 3) 0 4) –3 roots ?
1) 9, –5 2) –9, 5 3) 9, 5 4) –9, –5
20. Max has 3 dollars more than John has, but 5 dollars less than Maria
has. If Max has x dollars, how many dollars do Maria and John 28. For what values of m, the equation x2 – 2mx + 7m – 12 = 0 will
have altogether? have equal roots?
1) 2x – 8 2) 2x – 5 3) 2x – 2 4) 2x + 2 1) –4, 3 2) 4, –3 3) 4, 3 4) –4, –3

21. The perimeter of a right-angled triangle is 30 cm and its 29. Given the equation 25x2 + 1075x + 25 = 0, then which of the
hypotenuse is 13 cm. Then the other two sides of the triangle are following statements is/are true?
1) 7 cm and 10 cm 2) 6 cm and 11 cm 1. The equation has imaginary roots.
3) 8 cm and 9 cm 4) None of these 2. The roots are reciprocal of each other.
3. The sum of the roots is less than the square of the product of the
roots.

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 1) 1 only 2) 2 only 3) 2 and 3 only 4) 3 only • If an event E is possible but not certain to occur, then 0 < P(E) < 1.
• The probability that an event E will not occur is equal to 1 – P(E).
30. 21 pencils and 29 pens cost Rs.79. But if the number of pencils and • If E is an event, then the probability of E is the sum of the probabilities of
pens were interchanged, the cost would have reduced by Rs.8. Find the outcomes in E. • The sum of the probabilities of all possible outcomes of
the cost of each pen. an experiment is 1.
1) Re.1 2) Re.2 3) Re.3 4) Re.4 If E and F are two events of an experiment, we consider two other events
related to E and F. • The event that both E and F occur, that is, all outcomes
in the set E « F.
11. PROBABILITY • The event that E or F, or both, occur, that is, all outcomes in the set E » F.
Events that cannot occur at the same time are said to be mutually exclusive.
Probability is a way of describing uncertainty in numerical terms. In this For example, if a 6-sided die is rolled once, the event of rolling an odd
section we review some of the terminology used in elementary probability number and the event of rolling an even number are mutually exclusive. But
theory. rolling a 4 and rolling an even number are not mutually exclusive, since 4 is
an outcome that is common to both events.
Understanding of terminologies of Probability: For events E and F, we have the following rules.
If any two events have no common outcomes then that event is • P(E or F, or both, occur) = P(E) + P(F) – P(both E and F occur), which is
called Mutually exclusive event. the inclusion-
For example: Exclusion principle applied to probability.
While tossing a coin , if heads is on the face then the tails wont happen this • If E and F are mutually exclusive, then P(both E and F occur) = 0, and
is mutually exclusive event . therefore,
If suppose happening of one event doesn’t affect the other then it P(E or F, or both, occur) = P(E) + P(F).
is Independent event • E and F are said to be independent if the occurrence of either event does
For example: not affect the occurrence of the other. If two events E and F are
While tossing two coins , heads of one coin won’t affect other coin’s independent, then P(both E and F occur) = P(E)P(F).
outcome. Example 1:
Two events are said to dependent if happening of one event affects the What’s the probability of getting heads when flipping a coin?
happening of other or the next event. Solution: There is only one way to get heads in a coin toss. Hence, the top
For example: of the probability fraction is 1. There are two possible results: heads or tails.
While drawing a card from the pack of 52 cards , when one card is take out Forming the probability fraction gives 1/2.
and if without replacement if we take the next card then the second outcome Example 2:
is the dependent of first outcome. What’s the probability of getting a king when drawing a card from a deck of
If suppose we replace it , then the first and second outcomes are cards?
independent event. Solution: A deck of cards has four kings, so there are 4 ways to get a king.
Hence, the top of the fraction is 4. There are 52 total cards in a deck.
General Facts Forming the probability fraction gives 4/52, which reduces to 1/13. Hence,
The following are general facts about probability. there is 1 chance in 13 of getting a king.
Example 3:
• If an event E is certain to occur, then P(E) = 1. A die is rolled and a coin is tossed, find the probability that the die shows an
• If an event E is certain not to occur, then P(E) = 0. odd number and the coin shows a head.

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Solution: The sample space S of the experiment described in question 5 is probability that the drawn tickets do not have a number greater
as follows than 9?
1) (4/7)5 2) (3/7)5 3) (3/7)7 4) (3/5)7
S = { (1,H),(2,H),(3,H),(4,H),(5,H),(6,H)
(1,T),(2,T),(3,T),(4,T),(5,T),(6,T)} 7. Three letters are to be sent to different persons and addresses on
Let E be the event “the die shows an odd number and the coin shows a the three envelopes are also written. Without looking at the
head”. Event E may be described as follows addresses, what is the probability that the letters go into the right
E={(1,H),(3,H),(5,H)} envelope?
The probability P(E) is given by 1) 1/6 2) 2/3 3) 1/5 4) 1/3
P(E) = n(E) / n(S) = 3 / 12 = 1 / 4 .
EXERCISE 8. From 10,000 lottery tickets numbered from 1 to 10,000, one ticket
is drawn at random. What is the probability that the number
1. If two balanced dice are tossed once, what is the probability of the marked on the drawn ticked is divisible by 20?
event that the sum of the integers coming on the upper sides of the 1) 1/10 2) 1/20 3) 3/20 4) 1/40
two dice is 9?
1) 1/12 2) 1/9 3) 1/36 4) 5/36 9. The chances to fail in physics are 20% and the chances to fail in
mathematics are 10%. What are the chances to fail in at least one
2. A bag contains 6 white, 7 red and 5 black balls. If 3 balls are subject?
drawn from the bag at random without replacement, then what is 1) 28 % 2) 18 % 3) 15 % 4) 10 %
the probability that all of them are white?
1) 5/204 2) 3/204 3) 5/256 4) 3/256 10. A bag contains 3 red. 4 white and 5 blue balls. All balls are
different. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the probability
3. A single letter is selected at random from the word that they are of different colour?
“PROBABILITY". What is the probability that the selected letter 1) 1/11 2) 8/9 3) 47/66 4) 1/12
is a vowel?
1) 4/11 2) 3/11 3) 2/11 4) 1/11 Directions for question 11 to 15:
A bag contains 8 red and 4 green balls. Find the probability that
4. From a book containing 100 page one page is selected randomly.
What is the probability that the sum of the digits of the page 11. The ball drawn is red when one ball is selected at random.
number of the selected page is 11? 1) 2/3 2) 1/3 3) 1/6 4) 5/6
1) 11/100 2) 11/50 3) 1/25 4) 2/25
12. All the 4 balls drawn are red when four balls are drawn at random.
5. If the probability of X to fail in the examination is 0.3 and that for
Y is 0.2, then what is the probability that either X or Y fail in the 1) 17/32 2) 14/99 3) 7/12 4) None of these
examination?
1) 0.32 2) 0.50 3) 0.54 4) 0.44 13. All the 4 balls drawn are green when four balls are drawn at
random.
6. A box contains 15 tickets numbered 1, 2,.........15. Seven tickets are 1) 1/495 2) 7/99 3) 5/12 4) 2/3
drawn at random one after the other with replacement. What is the

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14. Two balls are red and one ball is green when three balls are 22. The probability that A can solve a problem is 2/3 and the
random drawn at random probability that B can solve the same problem is 3/5. Find the
1) 56/99 2) 112/495 3) 78/495 4) None of these probability that atleast one of A and B will be able to solve the
problem.
15. Three balls are-drawn at random and none of them is red 1) 12/15 2) 13/15 3) 19/45 4) None of these
1) 68/99 2) 7/99 3) 4/495 4) None of these
23. In a class 40% of the students offered Physics 20% offered
16. The probabilities of A, B, C solving a problem are 1/3,2/7 and 3/8 Chemistry and 5% offered both. If a student is selected at random,
respectively. If all the three try to solve the problem find the probability that he has offered Physics or Chemistry only.
simultaneously, find the probability that exactly one of them will 1) 45% 2) 55% 3) 36% 4) None of these
solve it.
1) 25/52 2) 25/56 3) 13/42 4) None of these 24. A box contains 25 tickets, numbered 1, 2, 3,.....25 . A ticket is
drawn and then another ticket is drawn without replacement. Find
17. The probability that an MBA aspirant will join IIM is 2/5 and he the probability that both tickets will show odd numbers.
will join XLRI is 1/3. Find the probability that he will join IIM or 1) 37/50 2) 13/50 3) 13/25 4) None of these
XLRI.
1) 4/15 2) 7/15 3) 11/15 4) 8/15 25. A basket contains 10 apples and 20 oranges out of which 3 apples
and 5 oranges are defective. If we choose two fruits at random,
18. In a given race, the odds in favour of horses H1, H2, H3 and H4 are what is the probability that either both are oranges or both are non
1 : 2, 1 : 3, 1 : 4, 1 : 5 respectively. Find the probability that one of defective?
them wins the race. 1) 136/345 2) 17/87 3) 316/435 4) 158/435
1) 57/60 2) 1/20 3) 2/7 4) 7/60
26. A natural number is chosen at random from the first 100 natural
19. Two numbers are selected at random from the integers 1 through 9. numbers. What is the probability that the number chosen is a
If the sum is even, find the probability that both numbers are odd. multiple of 2 or 3 or 5?
1) 5/8 2) 3/8 3) 3/10 4) None of these 1) 30/100 2) 1/33 3) 74/100 4) 7/10

20. An urn contains 4 white 6 black and 8 red balls. If 3 balls are 27. Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is
drawn one by one without replacement, find the probability of the probability that either both are black or both are jacks?
getting all white balls. 1) 65/121 2) 55/221 3) 17/221 4) None of these
1) 5/204 2) 1/204 3) 13/204 4) None of these
28. In a single throw of two dice, find the probability that neither a
21. A bag contains 6 red and 9 blue balls. Two successive drawing of doublet nor a total of 8 will appear.
four balls are made such that the balls are not replaced before the 1) 7/15 2) 5/18 3) 13/18 4) 3/16
second draw, Find the probability that the first draw gives 4 red
balls and second draw gives 4 blue balls 29. A box contains 5 defective and 15 non-defective bulbs. Two bulbs
1) 3/715 2) 7/715 3) 15/233 4) None of these are chosen at random. Find the probability that both the bulbs are
non-defective.
1) 5/19 2) 7/20 3) 21/38 4) None of these

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  The number of combinations of n different things taken r at a time
30. A speaks truth in 60% and B in 80% of the cases. In what is denoted by nC r or C (n, r). Thus, nC r =
percentage of cases are they likely to contradict each other
narrating the same incident? n!
(0  r  n)
1) 44% 2) 36% 3) 64% 4) 48% r !(n  r )!
Example 1:
12. PERMUTATION & COMBINATIONS
In how many ways can 5 prizes be distributed among 4 boys when every
Fundamental Concepts: boy can take one or more prizes ?
Solution:
 Multiplication Principle: If an operation can be performed in ‘m’ First prize may be given to any one of the 4 boys, hence rst prize can be
different ways; following which a second operation can be distributed in 4 ways.
performed in ‘n’ different ways, then the two operations in Similarly every one of second, third, fourth and fifth prizes can also be
succession can be performed in m x n different ways. given in 4 ways.
 Addition Principle: If an operation can be performed in ‘m’ ∴ The number of ways of their distribution
different ways and another operation, which is independent of the = 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 45 = 1024
first operation, can be performed in ‘n’ different ways, then either Example 2:
of the two operations can be performed in (m+n) ways.
 Permutation:Each of the different arrangements which can be A college offers 6 courses in the morning and 4 in the evening. Find the
made by taking some or all of given number of things or objects at number of ways a student can select exactly one course, either in the
a time is called a permutation. morning or in the evening.
 Let r and n be positive integers such that 1  r  n . Then, the Solution:
number of permutations of n different things, taken r at a time, is The college has 6 courses in the morning out of which the student can select
one course in 6 ways.
n!
denoted by the symbol nPr or p (n, r). nPr = . In the evening the college has 4 courses out of which the student can select
(n  r )! one in 4 ways.
 Circular Permutations: Number of circular arrangements Hence the required number of ways = 6 + 4 = 10.
(permutations) of n different things = (n-1)! Example 3
 Number of circular arrangements (permutations) of n different In how many ways can 5 boys and 5 girls be seated at a round table so that
things when clockwise and anticlockwise arrangements are not no two girls may be together ?
different, that is when observation can be made from both sides = Solution:
1 Leaving one seat vacant between two boys, 5 boys may be seated in 4!
(n  1)! ways. Then at remaining 5 seats, 5 girls can sit in 5! ways. Hence the
2 required number
 Combination: Each of the different groups or selections which can = 4! × 5! = 2880 ways.
be made by taking some or all of a number of things (irrespective
of order) is called a combination.

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Example 4 1) 1200 2) 10! x 17! 3) 2400 4) 2205
How many different 4-letter words can be formed with the letters of the
word ‘JAIPUR’ when A and I are always to be included ? 7. A college schedules lectures of 9 professors. 3 professors every
Solution: day, till all possible combinations are exhausted. If no combination
Since A and I are always to be included, so first we select 2 letters from the of professors is ever repeated on any day, then how many days will
remaining 4, which can be done in 4C2 = 6 ways. Now these 4 letters can be each of professor have to come?
arranged in 4! = 24 ways, so the required number = 6 × 24 = 144. 1) 28 2) 84 3) 252 4) 96

EXERCISE 8. How many odd integers from 1000 to 8000 (inclusive) have
distinct digits?
1. In how many ways 5 Indians and 4 Americans be seated around the 1) 392 2) 1344 3) 1736 4) 56
table, if no two Americans sit together?
1) 1080 2) 4! X 5! 3) 9! 4) 3240 9. In how many ways can the letters of the word ASSASSINATION
be arranged?
2. A gentleman has 6 friends to invite for a party. In how many ways 1) 1201200 2) 110000 3) 1080000 4) 10810800
can he send invitation cards to them if he has three servants to
carry the cards? 10. Given 3 different red dyes, 4 different blue dyes, and 5 different
1) 729 2) 343 3) 216 4) 512 green dyes, how many combinations of dyes can be made taking at
least one green and one blue dye?
3. Three villages A, B and C lie on a highway. There are 10 more 1) 3720 2) 4270 3) 3500 4) 3890
routes connecting A and B, 8 more route connecting B and C, 5
more routes connecting A and C. If B is in between A and C, in 11. The letters of the words ENTRANCE are arranged in all possible
how many ways can one go from B to C? ways. The number of arrangements having E’s and N’s together is
1) 24 2) 44 3) 64 4) 52 1) 7! 2) 6! 3) 8! 4) 9!

4. How many numbers greater than 5000 can be formed with the 12. The total number of ways of answering 5 objective type questions,
digits, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 no digit being repeated? each question having 4 choices is
1) 124 2) 64 3) 216 4) 148 1) 256 2) 512 3) 1024 4) 4096

5. In how many ways three different rings can be worn in four fingers 13. A “necklace” is a circular string with several beads on it. It is
with at most one in each finger? allowed to rotate a necklace but not to turn it over. How many
1) 32 2) 12 3) 8 4) 24 different necklaces can made using 13 different beads?
1) 13! 2) 13!/2 3) 12! 4) 12!/2
6. Sheela can choose to go for a party with Yogesh, Nikhilesh,
Shashank, Amol, Shainu, Vivek, Girish. She has 10 pairs of 14. Each of two friends has 20 stamps and 10 postcards. We call an
sandals and 17 different dresses. In how many different ways she exchange fair if they exchange a stamp for a stamp or a postcard
will go to the party if she has a choice of taking 5 of her friends. for a postcard. How many ways are there to carry out one fair
Also she likes 7 pair of sandals and 15 dresses which she wants to exchange between these two friends?
wear for the party? 1) 350 2) 400 3) 600 4) 500

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 23. 9 persons were invited for a business meeting by Ambani, where
15. By stringing together 9 different coloured beads, how many the host be seated at a circular table. How many different
different bracelets can be made? arrangements are possible if two invites viz., Sahara and Mahindra
1) 20160 2) 40320 3) 80640 4) 10080 be seated on either side of the host Ambani?
1) 10080 2) 10800 3) 9200 4) 4600
16. In how many ways can a person choose 1 or more of 4 electrical
appliances? 24. Three men have four coats, five waist coats and six caps. In how
1) 10 2) 12 3) 14 4) 15 many ways can they wear them?
1) 17280 2) 172800 3) 1728000 4) 1728
17. A father has 2 apples and 3 pears. Each weekday (Monday through
Friday) he gives one of the fruits to his daughter. In how many 25. If all permutations of the letters of the word AGAIN are arranged
ways can this be done? as per dictionary, then find the fiftieth word of the arrangement.
1) 120 2) 10 3) 24 4) 12 1) NAGGI 2) NAIAG 3) NAAIG 4) NAGAI

18. How many ways are there to place a set of chess pieces on the first 26. There are three coplanar parallel lines. If any p points are taken on
row of chessboard. The set consists of a king, a queen, two each of the lines, then find the maximum number of triangles with
identical rooks, knights & bishops? the vertices of these points. (Points are not in straight in three
1) 8! 2) 88 3) 5040 4) 4280 lines)
1) p2(4p – 3) 2) p3(4p – 3) 3) p(4p – 3) 4) p3
19. Seven nouns, five verbs and two adjectives are written on a
blackboard. We can form a sentence by choosing one word of each 27. A polygon has 54 diagonals. Find the numbers of its sides.
type and we do not care about how much sense the sentence 1) 6 2) 12 3) 27 4) 18
makes. How many ways are there to do this?
1) 72 × 52 × 22 2) 71 × 51 × 21 28. In a plane there are 37 straight lines, of which 13 pass through the
3) 7! × 5! × 2! 4) 27 × 25 × 22 point A and 11 pass through the point B. Besides, no three lines
pass through one point, no lines passes through both points A and
20. The number of arrangements of the letters of the word SALOON, B, and no two are parallel. Find the number of points of
if the two O’s do not come together, is intersection of the straight lines.
1) 360 2) 720 3) 240 4) 120 1) 535 2) 525 3) 235 4) 355

21. Three dice are rolled. Find the number of possible outcomes in 29. What are the possible values of n which will make 13Cn<13Cn+2 ?
which at least one dice shows 4? 1) 4 2) 3 3) 5 4) 2
1) 91 2) 100 3) 64 4) 1
30. How many nine digits number have an even sum of their digits?
22. In how many ways is it possible to make a selection by taking any 1) 9! – 6! 2) 14 × 107 3) 45 × 107 4) 109 / 2
number of 15 fruits, namely 3 oranges, 5 apples and 7 mangoes?
1) 131 2) 191 3) 68 4) 3720

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 13. DATA INTERPRETATION - 1 visualize a trend in data over intervals of time – a time series – thus the line
is often drawn chronologically. In these cases they are known as run charts.
Data interpretation is a topic that comes under reasoning, which uses almost
all the concepts of quants. EXERCISE
The data interpretation may generally be given in the following format:
Directions for question 1 to 4: Study the following graph carefully to
 Table Charts
answer the questions that follow.
 Pie Charts
The following bar graph shows the number of boys and girls who studied at
 Bar Charts & an institute each year from 2005 to 2009. No student studied at the institute
 Line Charts for more than one year.
Also, the solving procedures and the formulae that are going to be used may
vary as per the questions asked, like percentage, average, ratio and
proportion, etc.

TABLE CHARTS
Here, the data will be arranged in rows and columns in which the first row
and the first column denote the titles. Any type of data can be represented in
tabular form, but interpreting such data will be difficult and time consuming
when compared to other modes.

PIE CHARTS
Pie charts are another type of data interpretation where the data is
represented in the form of a circle. In a pie chart, a circle is divided into
various sections or segments such that each sector or segment represents a
certain proportion or percentage of the total.
In such a diagram, the total of all the given items is equated to 360 degrees
and the degrees of angles, representing different items, are calculated
proportionately. As we know a circle has 360° 1. Find the ratio of the total strengths of the students at the institute in
2005 and in 2009.
BAR CHARTS 1) 1 : 3 2) 1 : 4 3) 2 : 5 4) 3 : 5
A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents grouped data with
rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent. 2. The total number of girls in 2005 and 2006 is approximately what
The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart is percentage of the total number of girls in 2007, 2008 and 2009?
sometimes called a Line graph. 1) 24% 2) 26% 3) 28% 4) 30%

LINE CHARTS 3. Find the average number of boys studying at the institute over the
A line chart or line graph is a type of chart which displays information as a given period.
series of data points called ‘markers’ connected by straight line segments. It 1) 1225 2) 11200 3) 1250 4) 1275
is a basic type of chart common in many fields. A line chart is often used to

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 4. The number of girls in 2006 from what percentage of the total 8. In how many years, the expenditure of at least two persons was
number of girls over the given period (approximately)? equal?
1) 10% 2) 12% 3) 16% 4) 14% 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) More than 2
Directions for question 5 to 9: These questions are based on the
information given. 9. In how many years was the total expenditure per month of the
The following line graph gives the distribution of income and savings for three persons at least Rs.20,000 and at most Rs.40,000?
three individuals for six different years. 1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1

Directions for question 10 to 12: These questions are based on the

information given.
At the time of retirement Mr. Jamnalal received a certain amount. 40% of
the amount is deposited in fixed deposits, 30% is invested in shares and
with the remaining amount he purchased a piece of land. The average
annual growth rate in fixed deposits is 9%, in shares it is 25% and on the
investment in land it is 30%.
10. If profit made by Mr. Jamnalal on the investment in land is Rs
3,59,100 in three years, find the total amount received by him at
the time of retirement.
1) Rs 12 lakhs 2) Rs 10 lakhs
3) Rs 2.5 lakhs 4) Rs 7.5 lakhs

11. After two years of-retirement, half of the amount in shares is

withdrawn and a piece of land is purchased with the amount. Find
the total worth of land owned by Mr. Jamnalal at the end of 3 years
as a percentage of the amount received on retirement.
5. Find maximum percentage increase in the expenditure for any 1) 80% 2) 96.38% 3) 85.4% 4) 72%
person between two consecutive years.
1) 350 2) 35 3) 250 4) 25 12. At the end of the two years offer retirement, the total worth of the
investments of Mr. Jamnalal's retirement amount is Rs 14,50,990.
6. Find the approximate percentage change in the cummulative Find the amount he received at the time of retirement.
savings of three persons from year 2003 to year 2008. 1) Rs. 3 lakhs 2) Rs. 12.5 lakhs
1) 35 2) 46 3) 24 4) 18 3) Rs. 15 lakhs 4) Rs. 10 lakhs

7. In which year (from 2004 to 2008), the percentage change in Directions for question 13 to 16:
income (of three persons put together) was minimum as compared These questions are based on the following bar graph which shows the
to its preceding year? production of barley by 5 companies given in the order P,Q,R,S and T in the
1) 2008 2) 2007 3) 2006 4) 2005 years 2003 and 2004 (in lakh tonnes)

42 | P a g e
Production of barley (in lakh tonnes)
13. What is the difference between the total production (in lakh 17. In the year 2005-2006 the sales of motor cycles was what percent
tonnes) of company Q and company S in 2003 and that of of the sales of scooters?
company T and company P in 2004? (Approximately)
1) 70 2) 80 3) 20 4) 50 1) 150% 2) 167% 3) 200% 4) Cannot be determined

14. For which company is the percentage change in the production of 18. If the total sales of mopeds in the year 2004-2005 was 7,10,600
barley from 2003 to 2004, the least? what was its sales in 2005-2006?
1) P 2) Q 3) R 4) S 1) 10,00,000 2) 12,76,450 3) 8,17,250 4) 8,52,720

15. For the given two years, company S's total production is what 19. In how many of the given years was the percentage growth of sales
percentage of company T's total production? of motorcycles more than the growth rate of the sales of Mopeds?
1) 50% 2) 75% 3) 65% 4) 40% 1) 4 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3

16. Company R's production in 2004 is what percentage of company 20. The total sales of Mopeds in 2005-06 was 1,38,000. What was its
T's production in 2003? approximate sales in 2003-04?
1) 60% 2) 40% 3) 120% 4) 100% 1) 5,40,000 2) 2,18,000 3) 93,840 4) 1,00,000

Directions for question 17 to 20: Directions for question 21 to 24: These questions are based on the
The following graph shows the percentage growth in the sales of two following graph.
wheelers in a year when compared to its previous year for the period 2003- Prices of Different Varieties of Rice in a Month
2007. Study the graph and ans the questions that follows.

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 The following table is the flight schedule of different flights from
Hyderabad to Delhi. Study the table carefully and answer the
questions that follow. IST stands for Indian Standard Time.

— Variety 1 — Variety 2 — Variety 3 — Variety 4 — Variety 5

21. A trader buys a variety of rice in a week and sells it in the next
week. Which transaction yields him the maximum profit
percentage in that week?
1) Variety 1 : Week 1, buy 2) Variety 2 : Week 4, sell
3) Variety 3 : Week 1, buy 4) Variety 4 : Week 4, buy

22. A trader buys a certain variety of rice in week 1 and sells it in

week 5. Which variety of rice should he trade to maximize his
profit percentage and what is that profit percentage? Air distance between Hyderabad and Delhi is 800 miles.
1) Variety 1 : 57.14% 2) Variety 2 : 57.14%
25. The flights which take the minimum and the maximum time
3) Variety 2 : 42.5% 4) Variety 1 : 42.5%
to fly from Hyderabad to Delhi are respectively
1) B and E 2) C and I 3) J and C 4) H and G
23. If you buy 20 kg of each variety of rice in week 2 and sell all
the quantity in week 4, what is the total gain/loss? 26. For how many flights is the flight time from Hyderabad to
1) Rs 200 gain 2) Rs 200 loss Delhi more than the flight time from Delhi to Hyderabad?
1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6
3) Rs 300 loss 4) Rs 300 gain
27. If a round trip is defined as a complete journey from a source
24. If you buy 50 kg of a particular variety of rice in each of the
to a destination and again back to source, then what is the
weeks 2, 3 and 4 and sell all the 150 kg in week 5, to
minimum possible time one will take for a round trip from
maximize the profit, which variety would you buy?
Delhi to Hyderabad, assuming he takes at least 10 minutes to
1) Variety 3 2) Variety 2 3) Variety 1 4) Variety 4
change flights at the airport?
Directions for question 25 to 28: 1) 4 : 30 2) 4 : 05 3) 3 : 42 4) 1 : 27
28. If the speed of flight A is increased by 25%, what will be its
new arrival time at Delhi and Hyderabad respectively, if its

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 time of departure from both the cities remain same (in hours) 29. The number of subscribers for Phonetel in Maharastra is
(IST)? what percentage more than that in Madhya Pradesh?
1) 16 : 08 hours, 6 : 48 hours 2) 16 : 26 hours, 7 : 02 1) 20% 2) 14% 3) 28% 4) 10%
hours
30. What is the total number of subscribers CODOMO in all the
3) 16 : 20 hours; 7 : 06 hours 4) 16 : 20 hours; 7 : 02 three states together ? (in Cr)
hours 1) 2.25 2) 2.55 3) 3.45 4) 1.75
Directions for question 29 to 30:
Study the following information and answer the questions followed 14. DATA INTERPRETATION – 2
by the data. Directions for question 1 to 4:
The following diagram gives the information about the subscribers of The following graph shows the production of M/s. Ambalal & Co. in metric
tons for the given years. Refer to the graph to answer the questions that
the three mobile phone service providers i.ePhonetel (A), Koda follow.
phone (B) and CODOMO (C) together in three different states.

Total mobile phone users in Andhra Pradesh 2 cr.

Total mobile phone users in Madhya Pradesh 2.5 cr.
1. What is the average annual percentage growth rate of production
Total mobile phone users in Maharashtra 3.2 cr. from 1993 to 1997?
Note: Assume that these are the only mobile phone service providers 1) 10% 2) 11% 3) 20% 4) 21%
in the three given states. 2. In which of the above mentioned years is the growth in production
maximum as compared to the previous year?
1) 1994 2) 1995 3) 1996 4) 1993

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 1) 1983 2) 1982 3) 1984 4) 1981
3. What is the average production (in metric tons) of all the five years
(approximately)? 8. The average consumption of Tea (in '000 tons) over the specified
1) 200 2) 400 3) 300 4) 270 period is
1) 325 2) 375 3) 400 4) 475
4. The ratio of number of years in which the production was below
the average for the five years to the number of years in which it Directions for question 9 to 13:
was above average is (approx) The following pie-chart shows the sales of coffee in a particular country X
1) 1 : 4 2) 4 : 1 3) 2 : 3 4) 3 : 2 over the years 1992 to 1996. There are two types of coffee; Grade A and
Grade B. The price for grade A coffee was Rs.50/kg and for grade B was
Directions for question 5 to 8: Rs.100/kg. The pie-chart shows the combined sales for grade A and grade B
The graph drawn below shows the consumption of Tea and Coffee (in ‘000 types of coffee.
tons) over the period from 1981 to 1986. Refer to the graph to answer the In each of the given years, sales was 80% of the total production in that
questions that follow. particular year.

9. If the sales (kg) of coffee of grade A and grade B in 1992 was in

the ratio of 7 : 3, then what was the average price per kg of coffee
5. In which of the following years, the consumption of Tea was less sold in 1992?
than that of Coffee? 1) Rs.60 2) Rs.65 3) Rs.70 4) Rs.75
1) 1981 2) 1983 3) Both 1981 & 1983 4) 1982
10. The average price of grade B coffee for the given five years
6. In which of the following years, the ratio of consumption of Tea to exceeded the average price for grade A for the same period by
that of Coffee the highest? 1) 100% 2) 200% 3) 50% 4) 25%
1) 1986 2) 1984 3) 1982 4) 1985

7. The ratio of consumption of Tea to that of Coffee the lowest in the

year

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 11. If 10000 MT (metric tons) of grade A coffee was sold in the year 17. Which of the following newspapers shows, the maximum
1996, then what was the sales of grade B coffee in the same year consistency of sales for the three cities?
(in MT)? (Assume only two types). 1) C 2) E 3) A 4) B
1) 7000 2) 5000 3) 4000 4) 8000
18. What is the ratio of the maximum sale to its minimum for
12. The average annual percentage growth rate of the production of newspapers for the data given?
coffee from 1992 - 96 was 1) 5.25 2) 5.125 3) 5.35 4) 5.5
1) 100% 2) 200% 3) 300% 4) 0% Directions for question 19 to 23:
Study the graph given below which shows the production of cars of three
13. Exports = Production - Sales companies and answer the questions that follow.
What were the exports of grade B coffee in 1992 (tons), if only
grade B coffee was exported that year, which brought 25%
higher price than the given price?
1) 1000 2) 2000 3) 3000 4) 4000

Directions for question 14 to 18:

The following table gives the distribution of five different newspapers (A,
B, C, D and E) over three different cities (X, Y and Z). Refer to the table to
answer the questions that follow.

19. The average number of cars produced by Daewoo over the period
14. Which of the following newspapers has the highest sales for all the
shown is
given cities taken together?
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 1) 1678 2) 1648 3) 1738 4) 1536.5
15. What is the share of the total sales of newspapers of city Y as
20. The number of cars produced by Maruti peaked during which of
compared to the overall sales of the same in all the cities put
the following months?
together?
1) January 2) April 3) February 4) March
1) 20% 2) 25% 3) 30% 4) 35%

16. Sale of which of the following is the least for the three cities put 21. For the period shown, how much overall growth was registered in
together? case of the number of cars produced by Hyundai?
1) 75.42% 2) 38.42% 3) 48.92% 4) 56.35%
1) B 2) C 3) D 4) E

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 22. How much is the approximate overall increase in the total number 4. Company D did not announce extraordinarily good results.
of cars produced in June over that in January? 1)1 and 2 only 2) 2 and 3 only 3)3 and 4 only 4)2 and 4 only
1) 60% 2) 50% 3) 25% 4) 40%
26. If Venkat earned a 38.75% return on average during the year, then
23. If 'Total' is defined as the total number of cars produced by which of these statement(s) would necessarily be true?
Daewoo, Hyundai and Maruti in a month, then Total (max) / Total 1. Company C belonged either to Auto or to Steel Industry.
(min) (across the six months) is 2. Company D belonged either to Auto or to Steel Industry.
1) < 1.5 2) > 1.5 but < 2 3) > 2 but < 2.5 4) > 3 3. Company A announced extraordinarily good results.
Directions for question 24 to 27: 4. Company B did not announce extraordinarily good results.
Venkat, a stockbroker, invested a part of his money in the stock of four 1)1 and 2 only 2)2 and 3 only 3)1 and 4 only 4)2 and 4 only
companies - A, B, C and D. Each of these companies belonged to different
industries, viz., Cement, Information Technology (IT), Auto, and Steel, in 27. If Company C belonged to the Cement or the IT industry and did
no particular order. At if the time of investment, the price of each stock was announce extraordinarily good results, then which of these
Rs.100. Venkat purchased only one stock of each of these companies. He statement(s) would necessarily be true?
was expecting returns of 20%, 10%, 30%, and 40% from the stock of 1. Venkat earned not more than 36.25% return on average.
companies A, B, C and D, respectively. Returns arc defined as the change in 2. Venkat earned not less than 33.75% return on average.
the value of the stock after one year, expressed as a percentage of the initial 3. If Venkat earned 33.75% return on average, Company A
value. During the year, two of these companies announced extraordinarily announced extraordinarily good results.
good results. One of these two companies belonged to the Cement or the IT 4. If Venkat earned 33.75% return on average, Company B
industry, while the other one belonged to either the Steel or the Auto belonged either to Auto or to Steel Industry.
industry. As a result, the returns on the stocks of these two companies were 1)1 and 2 only 2)2 and 4 only 3)2 and 3 only 4) 3 and 4 only
higher than the initially expected returns. For the company belonging to the Directions for question 28 to 30:
Cement or the IT industry with extraordinarily good results, the returns The following line graphs shows the sale of three brands, i.e., HCL, IBM
were twice that of the initially expected returns. For the company belonging and HP, sales during the year from 1986 to 1991. Refer to the graph to
to the Steel or the Auto industry, the returns on announcement of answer the g questions that follow.
extraordinarily good results were only one and a half times that of the
initially expected returns. For the remaining two companies, which did not
announce extraordinarily good results, the returns realized during the year
were the same as initially expected.
24. What is the minimum average return Venkat would have earned
during the year?
1) 30% 2) 31 1/4%
3) 32 1/2% 4) Cannot be determined

25. If Venkat earned a 35% return on average during the year, then
which of these statements would necessarily be true?
1. Company A belonged either to Auto or to Steel Industry.
2. Company B did not announce extraordinarily good results.
3. Company A announced extraordinarily good results.

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 28. In which of the following years was the sale of total number of A. 1 alone is sufficient while 2 alone is not sufficient
computers of all the three brands taken together the lowest? B. 2 alone is sufficient while 1 alone is not sufficient
1) 1986 2) 1987 3) 1989 4) 1988 C. Either 1 or 2 is sufficient
D. Neither 1 nor 2 is sufficient
29. The sale of computers of HCL in 1988 in percent of sale of E. Both 1 and 2 are sufficient
computers of IBM in 1990 is Solution:
1) 25% 2) 100% 3) 75% 4) 50% Answer: C
Explanation:
30. The percent decrease in sale of HP computers in 1990 as compared From 1, we conclude that Y is the child of D who is wife of X i.e. X is Y’s
to 1989 is father.
1) 15% 2) 25% 3) 40% 4) 37.5% From 2, X is married to Y’s father. This implies that X is Y’s mother.

15. DATA SUFFICIENCY 2) Is x divisible by 28 ?

Data Sufficiency problem consists of a question followed by two Statement I : x is divisible by 20
statements, labelled as Statement (1) and Statement (2), in which certain Statement II : x is divisible by 84
data are given. You have to decide whether the data given in the statements Answer:
are sufficient for answering the question. Using statement I – x is divisible by 4 and 5
Using statement II – x is divisible by 3,4, and 7.
By using both statements we can conclude that x is divisible by 28 ( 4*7),
TIPS TO SOLVE DATA SUFFICIENCY PROBLEMS hence answer is C.
 Never try to reach final answer as it is not asked. You need to find
whether the information provided is enough to solve the given EXERCISE
problem or not.
 Never make any assumption. Use only universal rules { eg. a + b = Directions for question 1 to 30:
a + b – (a U b) }
 Try to solve questions by using above strategic Each of these consists of a question and two statements labelled I and II.
 Solve question step by step. First try to find answer using first Decide whether the data provided in the statements is sufficient / necessary
statement then second and finally with both. Then mark the answer to answer the question. Mark your answer as :
 Even if you find answer with only one statement, then try to find
answer with remaining statement as sometimes there is an option (a) If the data given in any one of the statements is sufficient to answer the
that answer can be find with both statements separately. question.
 Move on quickly and mark answer can’t be found in case you are
unable to reach any conclusion with information provided. (b) If the data in either of the statements I or II is sufficient to answer the
question.
EXAMPLES
(c) If the data in both the statements I and II together is sufficient to answer
1) How is X related to Y ?
the question.
Statements:
1. Y and Z are children of D who is wife of X.
2. R’s sister X is married to Ys father.

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(d) if the data in both the statements I and II together is not sufficient to I. N = 3.
answer the question. II. 3N is even.
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)
1. Is the cost of the Pen more than Rs 56?
I. The cost of 2 Pens is Rs 100 more than that of a Pencil. 8. Find n
II. The cost of 2 Pencils and 3 Pens is Rs 160. I. nPr /6 = nCr
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) II. n = 3r
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)
2. How is M related to N?
I. N is the sister of M's wife's daughter. 9. Towards which direction does the hour hand of a clock point at
II. M's father's brother's father's wife is N. 3:00 a.m.?
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) I. At 3:30 p.m. the minute hand of the clock points towards South.
II. At 10:30 a.m. the hour hand of the clock points towards North-
3. Find the value of natural number X. west.
I. The sum of the squares of the first X natural numbers is 1240. 1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)
II. The sum of the squares of the first X – 1 even natural numbers is
4060. 10. Ajay travelled from P to Q at a certain speed where PQ = 2400 km.
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) Is his speed less than 100 kmph?
I. Ajay took a total of at least 24 hours to travel from P to Q.
4. Is the speed of train T more than 10 m/sec? II. Ajay would have taken at least 16 hours less to travel from P to
I. T takes 36 seconds to overtake a cyclist and has a length of 324 Q if he tripled his speed.
m. 1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)
II. T takes 36 seconds to cross a platform 360 m long.
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) 11. Ramu and Somu started a business. Find the ratio of their profits in
5. X, Y and Z have a total of 100 marbles among them. Find the the total profit made by the business at the end of the first year.
number of marbles with X. I. The investments of Ramu and Somu Were Rs 12000 and Rs 4000
I. The number of marbles with X and Z is 40 more than that of with respectively.
Y. II. Ramu invested thrice that Somu invested and left after 4 months.
II. The number of marbles with X and Y equals that of with Z. Somu stayed till the end of the first year.
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)
12. P, Q and R are natural numbers. Find R.
6. C1 and C2 are two cones. Are their curved surface areas equal? I. 11P + 2R = 125
I. The total surface areas of C1 and C2 are equal. II. 7Q + 6R = 85
II. The base areas of C1 and C2 are equal. 1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)
13. S denoted the sum of the squares of the roots of y2 – ay + b = 0. P
7. P is a prime number greater than 3 and N is a natural number. Find denotes the product of its roots. Find S/P.
the remainder when PN is divided by 6. I. One of the roots is twice the other.

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 II. a = 6 and b = 8.
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) 20. Is ABCD a square?
I. ABCD is not a rectangle.
14. In a queue of 39 people, what is the position of Mahi from the II. AC = √2 AB.
front? 1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)
I. Mahi is one person behind Rupa who is the15th person from the
end. 21. R and S had a target of completing a job in 18 days. Will they meet
II. There are 10 people between Mahi and Sandeep who is the 15th the target?
person from the front. I. If the capacity of each of R and S is halved, they would take at
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) most 40 days to complete the job.
II. If the capacity of R tripled and that of S becomes one-third, both
15. When Ramu was as old as Somu is, Somu was one- third as old as would take 6 days to complete the job.
he is now. Find the present age of Somu. 1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)
I. The sum of the present ages of Ramu and Somu is 80 years.
II. The present ages of Ramu and Somu are in the ratio 5 : 3. 22. Ram attempted to find the average of 8 numbers. If he obtained the
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) correct answer, what was his result?
I. If each number was decreased by 2, the resulting numbers will
16. The sum of the three consecutive terms in G.P is S. Find the square have an average of 2.5.
of the middle term. II. If each number was halved, the resulting number will have an
I. The sum of the reciprocals of the terms is 13/9. average of 2.25.
II. S = 13. 1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) 23. Find the cost price of Ashok.
I. If the cost price of Ashok was 25% less, his profit would have
17. P is a prime number. Find the remainder when P is divided by 6. been Rs 2500 more.
I. P + 6 is prime. II. If the selling price of Ashok was 20% more, his profit would
II. P + 3 is prime. have been Rs 2400 more.
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) 1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)

18. Is A + B – C > 0? 24. Six people Ankur, Amol, Arpit, Ashish, Ajmal and Abdul are
I. A – B + C > 0. sitting around a circular table. Who is sitting opposite Ankur?
II. A – B – C > 0. I. Amol is sitting opposite Ashish and Ajmal is sitting adjacent to
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) Abdul.
II. Ajmal is not sitting opposite Arpit and Abdul is not sitting
19. The population of a country decreased every year by 20% over its opposite Amol.
previous year. Find its population in 2002. 1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)
I. Population of C was 2 million in 2003.
II. Population of C in 2003 was 0.72 million more than that of 25. If both the monthly income and the monthly expenditure of Shyam
2001. decreased, did his savings decrease by more than 10%?
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) I. Shyam's monthly income decreased by at least 10% and his

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 monthly expenditure decreased by 10%. 16. LETTER & NUMBER SERIES
II. Shyam's monthly income decreased by 10% and his monthly
expenditure decreased by atmost 10%. Directions for question 1 to 15: Find the missing term.
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d)
1. 9, 31, 73, 141, 241, ________
26. Is the cost of the table more than Rs 280? 1) 350 2) 369 3) 379 4) 359
I. The cost of 2 tables is Rs 500 more than that of a chair.
II. The cost of 2 chairs and 3 tables is Rs 800. 2. 3, 6, 11, ________, 27, 38
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) 1) 18 2) 16 3) 19 4) 23
27. The 5 digit number V is not a multiple of 10. The sum of the first 3. 6, 10, ________, 18, 14, 26, 18
and last digits is less than 17. Is V a multiple of 9? 1) 14 2) 12 3) 15 4) 10
I. The sum of the last 4 digits of V is divisible by 9.
II. The sum of the first 4 digits of V is divisible by 9. 4. 8, 27, 125, 343, ________
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) 1) 729 2) 1000 3) 512 4) 1331
28. M and N are natural numbers satisfying M4 = N4 Find the value of 5. 4/1, 9/2, 16/3, 25/4, ________
M 2 + N2 1) 28/5 2) 30/5 3) 36/5 4) 35/5
I. M = 2.
II. N = 2. 6. 7/2, 14/3, 23/4, 34/5, ________
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) 1) 47/6 2) 45/6 3) 48/6 4) 46/6
29. Five boys, A, B, C, D and E, are sitting in a row. Who among them 7. 10001, 10011, 10111, 11101, 11111, ________ (Numbers are in
is sitting in the middle of the row? Binary)
I. A is two places to the left of B and C is two places to the right of 1) 100001 2) 100011 3) 100101 4) 100111
D.
II. There are two persons between A and C. There are two persons 8. 1001, 10000, 11001, 100100, 110001, ________ (Numbers are in
between D and E. Binary)
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) 1) 111100 2) 111110 3) 1000100 4) 1000000
30. The number p is a prime. Find the remainder when p 2 is divided by 9. 11, 101, 1000, 1100, 10001, ________ (Numbers are in Binary)
6.
I. 3p is even. 1) 10111 2) 10011 3) 11111 4) 10001
II. p3 is odd.
1) (a) 2) (b) 3) (c) 4) (d) 10. 3, 6, 9, C, F, ________ (Numbers are in hexa decimal)
1) 1B 2) D 3) 1A 4) 12

11. BN, DP, GS, KW, ________

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 1) PB 2) QC 3) OA 4) RD Directions for question 20 to 23: These questions are based on
12. W, D, V, E, U, F, ________ the following matrix.
1) G 2) T 3) S 4) H

13. E/D, G/E, J/F, N/G, ________

1) Q/H 2) T/H 3) R/H 4) S/H

14. 123 : 14 : : 143 : ________

1) 25 2) 36 3) 49 4) 26

15. MAI : ZNV : : CLE : ________

1) PYV 2) POV 3) PYS 4) PYR
20. If Row 4 is interchanged with Column 4 and then Column 3 is
Directions for question 16 to 19: Find the odd man out. interchanged with Row 3, then for which Row the sum of numbers
is the highest?
16. (1) 72 1) Row 1 2) Row 2 3) Row 3 4) Row 4
(2) 90 21. If Column 2 is interchanged with Column 1 and then Row 4 is
(3) 108 interchanged with Row 1, then for which column the sum of the
(4) 306 numbers is the least?
1) (1) 2) (2) 3) (3) 4) (4) 1) Column 1 2) Column 2 3) Column 3 4) Column 4

17. (1) 100 22. If the diagonal (from top right to bottom left) is interchanged with
(2) 180 the diagonal (from top left to bottom right) and then Row 1 is
(3) 292 interchanged with Column 1 and then Column 4 is interchanged
(4) 448 with Row 4, then what is the element in Row 3 Column 3?
1) (1) 2) (2) 3) (3) 4) (4) 1) 3 2) 9 3) 7 4) 4

18. (1) 758 23. If Row 3 is interchanged with Row 2 and then Column 1 is
(2) 564 reversed, then what is the sum of elements of Row 2?
(3) 432 1) 24 2) 25 3) 20 4) 18
(4) 976
1) (1) 2) (2) 3) (3) 4) (4) Directions for question 24 to 30: Find the missing terms

19. (1) 10101 24. (2, 6), (7, 35), (36, 252), (253, 2783), _______
(2) 10111 1) (2784, 26192) 2) (2784, 36192) 3) (2784, 32384) 4)
(3) 11001 (2784, 36384)
(4) 11011
1) (1) 2) (2) 3) (3) 4) (4) 25. ET, GV, HW, JY, KZ, ______
1) LA 2) LB 3) MB 4) MA

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 Sample Coding
26. (A, A), (B, D), (C, I), (D, P), _______
1) (E, S) 2) (E, Y) 3) (E, T) 4) (E, U)

27. (C, E), (E, G), (G, I), (I, K), (K, M), _______
1) (N, P) 2) (M, O) 3) (M, N) 4) (O, P)

28. (B, D), (C, F), _______, (E, J), (F, L)

1) (D, O) 2) (D, H) 3) (D, K) 4) (D, G)

29. 11 : 121 :: 12 : _______ Sample Pattern

1) 145 2) 1968 3) 303 4) 1728

30. 36 : 216 :: 49 : _______

1) 346 2) 294 3) 342 4) 347

17. CODING AND DECODING

Problems in this section consist of a coded word followed by a question.
You have to find the logic used in that code and apply the same logic to the
given word.
Alphabet Numbers
EXERCISE

For the following questions, four options are given. Choose the correct
option.
1. If FASHION is coded as NFOAISH, how will TROTES be coded in
that language?
1) STERITI 2) STERTO 3) STRETO 4) STREET

2. FRIEND is coded as HUMJTK, how is CANDLE written in that code?

Opposite Letters 1) EDRIRL 2) DCQHQV 3) ESJFME 4) FYOBOC

3. f ZOOM is coded as 13, PUSA will be coded as

1) 15 2) 16 3) 17 4) 18

4. In a certain code language, ‘pul ta nop' means 'fruit is good', 'nopkotir'

means 'tree is tall' and 'pulho sop' means 'eat good food'. Which of the
following means 'fruit' in that language?
1) pul 2) ta 3) nop 4) data inadequate

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5. According to a code :'Pon con non bon' means 'some persons are cheats', 13. In a certain code language, if the word WHOLE is coded as 27, the
'fonpongon hon' means 'cheats can be dangerous', 'Ion konfon con' means word NATURAL is coded as 24 and the word REAL is coded as 18, then
'Dangerous persons might kill', 'bon gon hon kon' means, 'some probably how is the word COMPLEX coded in that language?
can kill'. The codes for 'some dangerous cheats' would be 1) 33 2) 34 3) 30 4) 36
1) kon bon hon 2) hon yon fon 3) fon bon pon 4) kon bon pon
14. In a certain code language, if the word ANTIMONY is coded as
6. If PINTU is coded as 79523 in a certain code language, how would you MZHSNLXM and the word TITANIUM is coded as HSZSHMLT, then
code JUMBO in the same language? how is the word PHOSPHORUS coded in that language?
1) 13426 2) 14236 3) 13436 4) 14263 1) GORNGONQRT 2) GORNGOQNRT 3) GORNOGQNRT 4)
GORNGNOQRT
7. If EDUCATION is coded as 5, NATIONAL will be coded as
1) 3 2) 0 3) 42 4) 4 There are two columns in which the numbers given under Column–II
are the codes for the words given under Column–I. By observing each
8. If 'MODERN' and 'ORTHODOXY' (being opposites) are coded as word and its code, identify the codes given for each letter and answer
'YOUNGS' and 'OGBAOUOML' respectively/how will you code the the questions that follow.
THORN?
1) BAGOS 2) BAOSG 3) BOASG 4) BAOGS 15. What is the code for the word DECEMBER?
1) 9535&153 2) 9585&153 3) 9525&153 4) 9525&*53
9. 'XEROX COPY OF BILL WAS SENT' is coded as 'ZGTQZ EQRA QH
DKNN YCU UGPV'. Based on this coding scheme/what will be the code 16. What is the code for the word LAMB?
for WATER? 1) 90&1 2) 70&1 3) 20&1 4) None of these
1) GVCTT 2) YCVGT 3) EQARR 4) EAVER
17. What is the code for the word OUR?
10. In a certain code language, if the word RAINY is coded as 30 and the 1) =43 2) 643 3) =&3 4) Either (1) or (2)
word WINTER is coded as 42, then how is the word HOLIDAYS coded in
that language? 18. If WIVES is coded as ≠<=5>, then how is the word HONOUR coded?
1) 4 2) 56 3) 66 4) 72
1) *=8=43 2) *68643 3) *=8643 4) Either (1) or (2)
11. In a certain code language, if the word SEASON is coded as AESNOS
and the word GREETING is coded as EERGGNIT, then how is the word 19. If T is coded as '%', then how is the word BENEVOLENT coded?
CENTUARY coded in that language?
1) TNECYRAU 2) TNEYCRAU 3) TNECRYAU 4) 1) 15856=258% 2) 1585=6758% 3) 1585==758% 4) Cannot be
TNCEYRAU determined

12. In a certain code language, if the word NUMERATOR is coded as 20. In a certain code language, if the word YAHOO is coded as ZZINP,
AEOUMNRRT and the word DENOMINATOR is coded as then how is the word REDIFF coded in that language?
AEIOODMNNRT, then how is the word FRACTION coded in that 1) SFEJGG 2) QDCHEE 3) SDEHGE 4) SGQMKL
language?
1) AIOCFNRT 2) AOICFNRT 3) AIOCFRNT 4) AIOCNFRT

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 29. In a certain code language, if the word UMBRELLA is coded as
21. In a certain code language, if the word CRIMINAL is coded as PZDJJXXB and the word SWEATER is coded as LTJBNJJ, then how is the
LANIMIRC, then how is the word IMPRISON coded in that language? word HEATING coded in that language?
1) NOSIRPMI 2) RVUNMNFU 3) JNKIRHLM 4) NOISRPMI 1) PJBNBRN 2) PJBRNBN 3) PJBNRBN 4) PRNBRBN

22. In a certain code language, if the word NAXALITE is coded as 30. EF : D : : DE : ______
MYUWGCMW, then how is the word TERRORIST coded in that 1) F 2) S 3) V 4) T
language?
1) SCNOJLBKK 2) SCONJLBKK 3) SCONLJBKK 4) 18. BLOOD RELATIONS
SCONJBLKK
Problems in this section consist of a question based on the blood relations.
23. In a certain code language, if the word POTATO is coded as 87 and Using the information given in the statements you have to identify the exact
the word ONION is coded as 67, then how is the word TOMATO coded in relation. You should have a sound knowledge of the blood relation in order
that language? to solve the questions.
1) 81 2) 86 3) 77 4) 84

24. In a certain code language, if the word CREDIT is coded as XIVWRG, Mother’s or Father’s Father Grand father
then how is the word DEBIT coded in that language?
1) WVYRG 2) WYVRG 3) WVYVG 4) QROVG Mother’s or Father’s Mother Grand mother

25. In a certain code language, if the word SPRING is coded as

TSWPWR, then how is the word ELASTIC coded in that language? Mother’s or Father’s Son Brother
1) FMBTUJD 2) FOFZEVT 3) FOFZTCZ 4) FOFZCTP
Mother’s or Father’s Daughter Sister
26. In a certain code language, if the word CREATION is coded as
RCAEITNO and the word ILLUSION is coded as LIULISNO, then how is Mother’s or Father’s Brother Uncle
the word DESTRUCT coded in that language?
1) TCURTSED 2) EDTSURTC 3) EDTSRUTC 4)
Mother’s or Father’s Sister Aunt
EDSTURTC

27. In a certain code language, if the word ODD is coded as 69 and the Husband or Wife’s sister
word EVEN is coded as 184, then how is the word PRIME coded in that & Sister in law
language? Brother’s wife
1) 300 2) 183 3) 305 4) 244

28. In a certain code language, if the word TUMBLER is coded as Husband or Wife’s brother
BELMRTU, then how is the word UTENSIL coded in that language? & Brother in law
1) NISETLU 2) EILNTSU 3) ELINSTU 4) EILNSTU Sister’s husband

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 Symbols used to represent Different Relations
Son’s Wife Daughter in law

Daughter’s Husband Son in law

Brother’s or Sister’s Son Nephew

Brother’s or Sister’s Daughter Niece

Uncle or Aunt’s Son/Daughter Cousin

Grandson’s or Granddaughter’s Daughter/Son Great Grand Daughter/Son

Different Generations
Types of Problems

1. Direct Statement Based Relations

2. Combined Statement Based Relations

3. Symbols based Blood Relations

Examples
1.Sunil introduces Jen as the son of the only brother of his Mother’s
husband. How is Jen related to Sunil?
a)Brother b) Father c) Cousin d) Sister
Answer: c) Cousin
Explanation:
“Only brother of his Mother’s husband” is his father’s bother. So son of
his father’s brother is Cousin.

2. Danny introduce Sharif saying.”He is the husband of the

granddaughter of the father of my father,” How is sharif related to
Danny?
a) Brother in law b) Brother c) Grandfather d) Son
Answer: a) Brother in law
Explanation:
Sharif is Danny’s sister’s husband.

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 EXERCISE 7. How is the mechanic related to B?
1) Uncle 2) Aunt 3) Mother 4) Cannot be determined
Directions for question 1 to 3: These questions are based on the
information given below. Directions for question 8 to 10: These questions are based on the
In a family, there are 8 members – A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H. G is the following data.
grandson of C and the son of E. F is the granddaughter of A and the Eight people – A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H – belong to a family. It is known
daughter of D. E is the sister of D and H is the son of F. A is the wife of C that F is the mother-in-law of G, whose brother-in-law is C. E is the brother
and B is the sister of A. of A. C is the only son of B. D is the only son of C. B is the grandfather of
1. How is G related to D? A.
1) Son 2) Uncle 3) Nephew 4) Niece 8. How many male members are there in the family?
1) 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) Cannot be determined
2. How is C related to H?
1) Grandson 2) Great-grandson 3) Great-grandfather 4) 9. How is D related to H?
Grandfather 1) Son 2) Cousin 3) Nephew 4) Cannot be determined

3. How is E related to B? 10. How is H related to F?

1) Nephew 2) Niece 3) Cousin 4) Daughter 1) Daughter 2) Son 3) Cousin 4) Cannot be determined

Directions for question 4 to 7: These questions are based on the following Directions for question 11 to 13: Use the relationships defined below to
data.In a family, there are 6 members – A, B, C, D, E and F – whose solve these questions.
professions are lawyer, doctor, mechanic, engineer, teacher and professor, A and B means A is the sister of B. A × B means A is the son of B. A – B
not necessarily in the given order. It includes one married couple and three means A is the mother of B. A + B means A is the daughter of B. A / B
generations. Also F is a female. It is also known that means A is the father of B. A @ B means A is the wife of B.
A. C is married to the professor, who has no siblings. 11. If B – D × F × G @ L is given, then how is L related to B?
B. The engineer is the brother-in-law of the professor. 1) Mother-in-law 2) Father-in-law 3) Daughter-in-law 4) Son-in-law
C. The doctor is the son of D and the cousin of E.
D. A is the daughter of the teacher. 12. How is Q related to G, if E / G – F / P + Q ?
E. E is the daughter of the professor.F. The lawyer, who is not E, is younger 1) Mother-in-law 2) Sister-in-law 3) Daughter-in-law 4) Son-in-law
to the mechanic.
13. If F and G + L and M × K @ P is given, then how is P related to F?
4. Who is the professor? 1) Grandmother 2) Grandfather 3) Grandaunt 4) Granduncle
1) A 2) B 3) F 4) Cannot be determined
Directions for question 14 to 16: Use the relationships defined below to
5. Who is the doctor? solve these questions.
1) A 2) B 3) F 4) Cannot be determined A + B means A is the wife of B.
A – B means A is the daughter of B.
6. How is the lawyer related to the mechanic? A × B means A is the sister of B.
1) Daughter 2) Son 3) Granddaughter 4) Grandson A / B means B is the son of A.
A @ B means A is the brother of B.

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 1) Daughter-in-law 2) Sister-in-law 3) Brother-in-law 4) Son-in-law
14. If G + B/C/D @ H is given, then how is D related to G?
1) Grandmother 2) Grandfather 3) Grandson 4) Son
22. How is my father's mother's only daughter-in-law's brother's son related
15. In the above question how is H related to C? to me?
1) Son 2) Daughter 3) Mother 4) Cannot be determined 1) Brother 2) Uncle 3) Cousin 4) Nephew

16. If F × B + Z @ C – R + P is given, then how is P related to B? 23. How is my mother's father's only grandson related to me?
1) Uncle 2) Aunt 3) Mother-in-law 4) Father-in-law 1) Brother 2) Myself 3) Cousin 4) Cannot be determine

Directions for question 17 to 19: Use the relationships defined below to 24. A is the father of B, B is the sister of C, D is the son of C, and E is the
solve these questions. daughter of C. How is A related to D?
A × B means A is the husband of B. 1) Grandmother 2) Grandfather 3) Uncle 4) Granduncle
A + B means A is the son of B.
A – B means A is the daughter of B. 25. Introducing Alok, Sanjusaid,”He is the son of the only son of my
A / B means A is the sister of B. grandfather”. How is Alok related to Sanju?
A @ B means A is the brother of B. 1) Brother 2) Son 3) Father 4) Nephew
17. Which of the following gives the relation "T is the grandfather of P" ?
1) P × Q / S – T @ U + R 2) P + Q × R / S – T @ U 26. A is the mother of B .C is the father of B. and C has three children. On
3) P – Q × R / S @ T + U 4) P / Q × R / S @ T / U the basis of this information ,find out which of the following relations is
correct-
18. Which among the following gives the relation, "A is the niece of C" ? 1) C has three daughters 2) C has three sons
1) B + Z / Y @ C – D + A 2) B / Z + C – D × A / Y 3) B is the son 4) None of these
3) B × A – Z / Y @ C + D 4) B – A + Z / Y × C / D
27. A is the brother of B .C is the sister of B. How is B related to A?
19. Which among of the following gives the relation, "Q is the grandaunt to 1) Cousin 2) Sister 3) Brother 4) Data inadequate
B" ? a) S*T means S is the Brother of T.
1) I × B – C @ K + J / Q 2) B × I – C @ K + J / Q b) S-T means S is the mother of T.
3) C × K – J @ B + I / Q 4) None of the above c) S/T means S is the father of T.

Directions for question 20 to 24: Select the correct alternative from the 28. Which one of the following represents that M is the son of Q?
given choices. 1) M*R/Q 2) M/R*Q 3) M-R /Q 4) Q/M*R
20. A woman pointing towards a photograph says, "he is my father's only
daughter's child". How is the person in the photograph related to the 29. To answer the above question which one of the statements is surplus?
woman? 1) Only B 2) Only C 3) Either B or C 4) None of these
1) Nephew 2) Son 3) Daughter 4) Cannot be determined
30. Pointing to a lady, a man said, ’The father of her brother is the only son
21. How is my only sibling's brother's mother's daughter's husband related of my Grandfather’. How is that lady related to that man?
to me? 1) Sister 2) Daughter 3) Aunt(father’s sister) 4) Mother in law

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 Answer: c) North East
19. DIRECTION SENSE Explanation:
155’ (anticlockwise)- 200’ (clockwise) = 45’ (clockwise). He turns 45’
To solve these problems, the candidate should know the four main clockwise from North.
directions, four cardinal directions and shadow’s position at different times.
2. A man starts walking towards west. After walking 105 meter, he
turns to the left and walks 55 meter straight . Again he turns to the left,
 Four Main Directions – North(N), East(E), West(W), South(S)
walks a distance of 75 meters straight, again he turns to the left and
walks a distance of 55 meters. How far is he from starting point?
 Angle between North and East is 90’(Clockwise)
a) 45 meter b)75 meter c) 30 meter d) 180 meter
Answer: c) 30 meter
 Angel between North and Southeast is 45’(Clockwise)
Explanation:
105 – 75 = 30 meter from starting point
 Four Cardinal Directions – North-East(NE), North-West(NW),
South-East(SE), South-West(SW)

EXERCISE

Directions for question 1 to 7: Select the correct alternative from the given
choices.
1. Sachin starts from his house, and travels a distance of 6 km towards
south. Then, he turns to his right and travels a distance of 8 km. Finally, he
 Shadow’s position travels 10 km towards north to reach the cricket ground. What is the
Morning (or) Sunrise (or) Dawn – WEST distance between Sachin's house and the cricket ground?
Evening (or) Sunset (or) Dusk – EAST 1) 10 km 2) 4√3 km 3) 4√5 km 4) None of these
Noon – No Shadow
2. Shabnam travels 9 km towards west and then 6km towards her left. Then,
Types of Problems she turns towards east and travels 2 km. Finally, she travels 5 km towards
 Facing Directions north. How far is she from the starting point?
 Distance Traveled 1) 5√3 km 2) 5 km 3) 5√2 km 4) None of these
 Shadow Based Problems
3. Rahul travels a distance of 100 m towards south. Now, he turns left and
Examples:-1. A man is facing North. He turns 155’ in anti clock travels 75 m, and then travels 45 m towards north and finally travels by
direction and then 200’ in clock wise direction. Which direction is he turning 45° clockwise. In which direction is he traveling now?
facing now? 1) North-east 2) South-east 3) South-west 4) North-west
a)South East b) South c)North East d) North

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4. A compass was damaged and its needle turned in such a manner that the Directions for question 11 to 15: Select the correct alternative from the
pointer which was showing west is now showing south. Raja went towards given choices.
geographical east as per the above compass In which direction did he want 11. One morning, Rahul observed that his shadow is falling to his right.
to go? Which direction is he facing?
1) East 2) West 3) North 4) South 1) East 2) North 3) South 4) West

5. The needle of compass is turned in such a manner that the pointer which 12. From his house, Sourav started his journey towards West. After
was showing 45° clockwise from south is now showing North. A person traveling a certain distance he turned to his left and after travelling a certain
went towards geographical east as per the above compass. In which distance he turned to his right to reach the office. In which direction is the
direction did he want to go? office with respect to his house?
1) South-west 2) North-west 3) North-east 4) South-east 1) South-west 2) North-east 3) North-west 4) South-east

6. One morning, Shyam stood in a ground facing Anand. The shadow of 13. Priya travels 5 km East and then 15 km towards her right. She then
Shyam was falling exactly to Shyam's left. Which direction was Anand travels 12 km to her left and then 8 km towards her right. Finally she
facing? traveled 6 km by turning 180° and then stops. How far is she from the
1) South 2) East 3) North 4) West starting point in vertical direction?
1) 29 km 2) 21 km 3) 17 km 4) 23 km
7. One evening, two friends Raj and Sanj are sitting on the chairs in a park
facing each other. If Sanj's shadow is falling exactly to his left then which 14. A starts from his house and walks 15 km towards South, then he turns
direction does Raj face? right and walks 16 km. Further he walks 14 km to his left followed by 12
1) East 2) West 3) North 4) South km to his left and reaches his friends house. How far is he from the starting
point in the horizontal direction?
8. Sailaja started from her house and walked 11 km towards west followed 1) 28 km 2) 18 km 3) 12 km 4) 4 km
by 20 km to her right. She then took a right turn to walk 6 km. Finally she
walked 8 km to her right. What is the distance between Sailaja's house and 15. Kareena travels 5 km straight followed by 12 km towards her right.
her destination? What is the distance between the starting and the final position of Kareena?
1) 17 km 2) 12 km 3) 15 km 4) 13 km 1) 13 km 2) 17 km 3) 7 km 4) 11 km

9. Sahil starts from his house and walks for 60 m towards. East He then Directions for question 16 to 19: Select the correct alternative from the
walks for 20 m southwards and after that 30 m towards his left. Finally, he given choices.
walks for 40 m towards North to reach his office. How far and in which 16. From his house Salman travelled 8 km straight followed by 8 km
direction is his office from his house ? towards his right. Further he travelled 6 km to his left followed by 7 km to
1) 10√85, South-west 2) 10√85, North-west 3) 10√85, North-east his right. Finally if he is facing the setting sun, then he would have started
4) None of these his journey in which direction?
1) East 2) West 3) North 4) South
10. Komal, who is facing North, turns at 60° in clockwise direction and then
225° in anticlockwise direction after that she again turns 290° in clockwise 17. Bharat has started from his house, walked 12 m towards North, took a
direction. Now towards which direction is she facing? right turn and then walked 5 m to reach his office. Find the shortest distance
1) North-east 2) North-west 3) South-east 4) South-west and the direction of his office with respect to his home

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1) 17 m North-west 2) 13 m South-west 3) 13 m South-east 4)
13 m North-east 24. Ramesh starts walking towards east from a point S and after walking 15
m turns to his left and walks 10 m. He again turns left and walks 10 m and
18. Amit starts from his house, walks 4 m North, took a right turn walked 4 finally walks 22 m after turning to his left and reaches a point Q. How far
m, from there he took a left turn and walked 4 m. From there his school is 2 and in which direction is he from the point S?
m to his right. How far is his house and in what direction from school? 1) 15 m south 2) 22 m south-east 3) 12 m south 4) none of these
1) 10 m North-west 2) 10 m North-east
3) 10 m South-west 4) 6 m West 25. B is to the South-West of A, C is to the East of B and South-East of A
and D is to the North of C in line with B and A. In which direction of A is D
19. In search of his lost purse, Gopal travelled 9 m East, took a right turn located?
and walked 10 m. Further he took a left turn and walked 11 m. Further he 1) North 2) South 3) South-East 4) North-East
walked 4 m North and walked 28 m to his left. There he found his purse. At
what distance and in what direction from the starting point was the point 26. One day evening before sunset two friends Sudhir and Montu were
where he found his purse? talking to each other face to face. If Montu’s shadow was exactly to his
1) 50 m North-west 2) 10 m North-east right side, which direction was Sudhir facing?
3) 10 m South-west 4) 50 m South-east 1) South 2) North 3) West 4) Data inadequate

20. I went two kilometres towards East. I turned right and went one 27. Starting from the point P Satish moved 20 m in South direction. Then he
kilometre after which I turned right and went one kilometre. In which turned to his left and moved 30 m. Now he again turned to his left and
direction am I now from my starting place? moved 20 m. Then he again turned to his left and moved 40 m and reached
1) North-East 2) North-West 3) South-East 4) South-West at Q. How far is Q from P and in what direction?
1) 20 m, West 2) 10 m, East 3) 10 m, West 4) 10 m, North
21. Rita drives to the north of her place of stay and after travelling 25 km,
finds that she has driven in the wrong direction. She then turns to her right 28. Alok started to move in the direction of East and turned to his left after
and travels 2 km and then she again turns to the right and drives straight moving 25 m. Then he turned to his left after moving 10 m and after this he
another 25 km. How much distance has she now to cover to go back to the moved 35 m. Then he turned to his left and moved 20 m. Now how far is he
starting point? from his starting point?
1) 25 km 2) 2 km 3) 4 km 4) 40 km 1) 14m 2) 16m 3) 10m 4) 18m

22. Rana travels 10 km to the north, turns left and travels 4 km and then 29. Sehgal started to move in the direction of East and moved 6 m. Then he
again turns right and covers another 5 km and then turns right and travels turned to his right and moved 6 m. After this he walked 20 m in the
another 4 km. How far is he from the right starting point? direction of North-west. Now how far is he from his starting point?
1) 15 km 2) 4 km 3) 5 km 4) 10 km 1) 15m 2) 10m 3) 19m 4) none of these

23. Rumi starts from her house and moves 200 m towards north. Then she 30. Shankran walked 5 m in the direction of North. Then he turned to his
turns left and moves further 200 m. Had she gone directly to the place right and walked 3 m. After this he turned to his right and walked 5 m. In
where she is now, she, would have saved herself a walking of an extra the end he turned to his right and walked 13 m. How far is he from his
1) (400-200 x 1.5)m 2) (400-200√2)m starting place?
3) 200 (v2-1)m 4) cannot say 1) 3m 2) 8m 3) 5m 4) 10

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 winners will move on to the next round. In any round, if the number of
20. DISTRIBUTIONS & PUZZLES teams is odd, then one of the teams enters into the next round without
playing any match by virtue of bye.
Directions for question 1 to 2: These questions are based on the following 5. In total, how many matches are to be played to decide a winner?
information.
In a colony, each person is one among an alternator (who alternate between 1) 54 2) 53 3) 64 4) None of these
truth and lie), liar (who always lies) and truth teller (who always speak
truth). 6. The tournament lasts for how many rounds?
Three persons A, B and C of a family replied to a question in the following 1) 8 2) 5 3) 6 4) 7
manner. No two of the three of the same height.
A : I am a truth teller. B is the tallest among us. B is an alternator. 7. In the tournament, how many byes took place?
B : A is not as tall as C.A is not the second shortest. I am a truth teller. 1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3
C: I am an alternator. I am the tallest. A is a truth teller.
1. Who is the tallest among them? 8. Vikram, his brother, his daughter and his son are playing doubles
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) Cannot be determined tennis match Vikram's son is diagonally across the net from the
tallest player's sibling Vikram's brother is directly across the net
2. If there is a truth teller then who is a liar? from Vikram's daughter. The shortest and the tallest players are on
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) None of A, B, C the same side of the net. Who is the shortest player?
1) Vikram 2) Vikram's brother
Directions for question 3 to 4: Select the correct alternative from the given 3) Vikram's son 4) Vikram's daughter
choices.
3. There are 9 balls out of which 8 are of equal weight and one is of 9. Each of the letters A, B, C, D, E, F and G is equal to a different
lesser weight. Using a spring balance what is the minimum number digit from 0 to 9 such that A × C × D = B × E × G = C × E × F.
of weighings require to find the ball of different weight? What is the sum of the letters C, F and E?
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5 1) 12 2) 14 3) 10 4) 15

4. There are few pens in one box, few pencils in another box and a 10. The maximum number of squares that can be formed using 10
mixture of pens and pencils in a third box. But each of these boxes straight lines is
is wrongly labeled and the labels on the boxes are 'Pens' 'Pencils' 1) 30 2) 100 3) 25 4) 16
and 'Mixture'. You are allowed to select only one box and only one
item from that box. Which labeled box would you select to 11. The alphabets given below take values from 2 to 8. And also G + C
determine what each box contains? + E = A + D + G = F + B + D = 15. Find the value of A.
1) Pens 2) Pencils 3) Mixture 4) Any one of the above 1) 5 2) 6 3) 7 4) 8

Directions for question 5 to 7: These questions are based on the following 12. Two sticks of different lengths burn at different rates. Each stick
information. burns exactly for half an hour. Which of the following time
In a knockout tournament, 54 teams participated. Matches are played in intervals can we measure?
rounds and in any round all the losers are out of the tournament and all the 1) 10 mins 2) 71/2 mins 3) 5 mins 4) 12 mins

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13. Raju went to Goa during his summer vacation. On any day, either 18. In 'Honololo' island, there are two types of people - truth tellers
in the morning or in the evening, he performed at most one activity and liars. Truth-tellers always speak truth and liars always lie. I
between swimming and surfing. During his vacation, he did one of met three residents Ho, Lo and Po, and asked them "who among
the activities for 18 days and on 20 mornings and on 26 evenings, you is the liar?" The following are their replies. Ho: I am a truth-
he did neither of the two activities, many days did Raju stay in teller. Lo: Ho is not a truth-teller Po: Lo is not a liar.
Goa? If it is known that exactly one person among them is a liar and the
1) 28 2) 32 3) 36 4) 26 other two are truth-tellers, then who among them is the liar"
1) Ho 2) Lo 3) Po 4) Cannot be determined
14. Three piles contain 2, 3 and 4 coins respectively. A person can take
one coin from a pile or all the coins of a pile. The person who takes Directions for question 19 to 21: These questions are based on the
the last coin is the loser. How many coins and from which pile following information.
should the first person take to win definitely? In the war between two countries A and B, the soldiers of A form a queue
1) One coin from a pile of 3 coins and the soldiers of B form another queue, and travel towards each other.
2) All the coins from a pile of 3 coins Each soldier of A kills every third person he encountered and each soldier
3) All the coins from a pile of 4 coins 4) None of these of B kills every fifth person he encountered. Two soldiers can kill each
other and the number of soldiers in each queue is 30.
15. One of the following is my friend's name: SAM PEA MET PUT 19. After both the queues pass each other, how many soldiers of
SUM country B are alive?
If I tell you any letter of my friend's name, you would be able to 1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 6
find the number of vowels in it. What is my friend's name?
1) MET 2) SUM 3) SAM 4) PUT 20. After both the queues pass each other, how many soldiers of
country A are alive?
16. Eight persons- Ananth, Bharath, Chandu, David, Ehsaan, Farhaan, 1) 4 2) 8 3) 10 4) 15
Girish and Harish are sitting around a table with eight chairs.
Neither David nor Harish is adjacent to Ehsaan and Chandu, who 21. How many soldiers of B are killed by the second soldier of A (i.e
are opposite to each other. Bharath is adjacent to Ehsaan but not second in the queue)?
adjacent to Harish. Girish who is adjacent to Chandu is not 1) 10 2) 8 3) 6 4) 4
adjacent to David. Who is sitting opposite to Farhaan?
1) Ananth 2) Bharath 3) Girish 4) Cannot be Directions for question 22 to 23: These questions are based on the
determined following data.
Each of the four persons A, B, C and D has either an umbrella or a raincoat
17. Niranjan lies on all the days of the week except on one day, on but not both. The umbrella or the raincoat with each is of a different colour
which he speaks only truth. On a day, he said, "I lie on Saturday from among yellow, green, red and orange. A does not have a raincoat. The
and Sunday". The next day, he said, "Today is either Tuesday, umbrella or the raincoat with D is neither green nor orange. The colour of
Thursday or Friday". The next day, he said, "I lie on Monday and one of the umbrellas is green. C has a red umbrella and B has an umbrella.
Wednesday". On which day does Niranjan speak truth? At least one of them should have an umbrella and at least one of them
1) Monday 2) Wednesday 3) Friday 4) Sunday should have a raincoat.
22. What does D have and of what colour ?
1. Raincoat – yellow

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 2. Raincoat – orange Directions for question 27 to 30: These questions are based on the
3. Umbrella – yellow following data.
1) Only 1 2) Only 2 3) Either 1 or 2 4) None of the Each of the five men - A, B, C, D and E is married to exactly one among P,
above Q, R, S and T, not necessarily in the given order. Also, each of these
23. Who has a green umbrella ? women has a different passion from among dancing, singing, cooking,
(I) A (II) C (III) B (IV) D watching T.V and reading novels. Further it is known that,
1) Either I or II 2) Either II or III 3) Either III or IV 4) 1. C's wife loves cooking and A is married to S.
Either III or I 2. T is not the wife of D, whose wife is interested in dancing.
3. E is the brother of T, who hates singing.
Directions for question 24 to 26: These questions are based on the 4. Neither Q nor T is interested in cooking.
following data. 5. R loves to watch T.V.
The ship, Phirpolaris crossed the equator. On it, a drama was enacted in
which six people, A through F, participated. Two among them were 27. Whose wife loves to watch T.V?
crossing the equator for the first time, so they were given the roles of 1) C 2) D 3) E 4) B
criminals. Among the rest, one was playing the role of a king, and each of
the remaining three was playing a different role from among a judge, a 28. Who is the husband of Q?
doctor and an adviser. The criminals were told to bath in sea water. They 1) D 2) C 3) B 4) E
were given medicines made with various combinations of sauces (ginger,
chilli and garlic) by the doctor as per the judge's order. We have the 29. What is the passion of B's wife?
following information. 1) Watching T.V 2) Singing 3) Dancing 4) Reading
1. In preparing the medicine, the doctor used the sauces of only two spices novels
for each criminal.
2. The combination of sauces was different for each criminal. 30. The woman who is passionate about singing is the wife of
3. B was given the medicine prepared from chilli and garlic sauce. 1) B 2) A 3) E 4) D
4. The judge A told E to prepare a medicine which must have chilli sauce.
5. Either D or C was playing the role of the king and either C or F was an 21. SYLLOGISM (DEDUCTIVE REASONING)
adviser.
The questions in this section contain two or more statements and followed
24. Who among the following can be the criminals in that drama? by two or more conclusions. You have to find out which of the conclusions
1) B and A 2) B and F 3) B and E 4) A and E logically follow from the given statements. The statements have to be taken
true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts.
25. If C was playing the role of the king, then who was playing the For such questions, you can take the help of Venn Diagrams. On the basis
role of one of the criminals? of the given statements, you should draw venn diagrams, and then derive
1) E 2) D 3) F 4) Cannot be determined the solution from these diagrams.
Types of Statements
26. Who was playing the role of the doctor? The four basic statements in syllogism are,
1) A 2) C 3) D 4) E 1.All As are B (Eg. All Cats are Dogs)
2.Some As are B (Eg. Some dogs are birds)

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3.No A is B (Eg. No bird is a pig) Complementary pair
4.Some As are not B (Eg. Some pigs are not birds) In the Complementary pair, subject and predicate should be same in
These statements can be classified into two categories as shown in below both the conclusions.If one conclusion is true,definitely the other
table. conclusion will be false and vise versa. There are two complementary
pairs in syllogism.

Pair I : All As are B & Some As are not B

If “All As are B” is true, definitely “Some As are not B” is false. If “Some
As are not B” is true, definitely “All As are B” is false.
Pair II: No A is B & Some As are B
Alternate words
If “No A is B” is true, definitely “Some As are B” is false. If “Some As are
B” is true, definitely “No A is B” is false.
Procedure:-
Step 1 : Draw the basic diagram for the given statements.
Step 2a : If all are positive conclusions,
Check those conclusion in basic diagram and decide which one is true or
false.
Don’t draw any other diagram if all are positive in conclusion.
Step 2b: If there is negative conclusion and it is true in basic diagram,
Basic Try to make it false by drawing its complementary pair.
diagram While drawing alternate diagram, it should not violate any other given
statements.
If you are able to draw alternate diagram, without violating any statement.
Then the negative statement is false.

Examples(Positive Conclusions)
Q.1.
Statements
1. All grapes are apples
For (i) statement, i.e. All As are B, Circle A should be inside B or A and B 2. All apples are mangoes
can be equal. But circle A should not exceed B. Conclusions:
For (ii) statement, i.e. Some As are B, Circle A and B should be connected 1. All grapes are mangoes
always. It should not separate. 2. All mangoes are grapes
For (iii) statement, i.e. No A is B, We should not connect circle A and circle 3. Some grapes are mangoes
B.
For (iv) statement, i.e. Some As are not B, We can connect circle A and
circle B.

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 The questions given below have four options of three statements each. Read
the statements in each option carefully and identify the option where the
third statement logically follows the first two statements in the option.
1. (1) All seconds are hours.
Some minutes are not hours.
Some minutes are not seconds.
(2) All atoms are particles.
Some particles are not protons.
Answer : (1) and (3) are true Some atoms are not protons.
(3) All houses are buildings.
Examples (Negative Conclusion) No house is an office.
Q.1. Statements No building is an office.
1. All months are weeks (4) No solid is liquid.
2. Some week are days No solid is a gas.
Conclusions: No liquid is gas.
1. No month is day 1) (1) 2) (2) 3) (3) 4) (4)
2. Some weeks are months
Answer : (2) is true 2. (1) No ship is a vehicle.
Few vehicles are buses.
Explanation: No ship is a bus.
“No month is a day” is negative conclusion and it is true in basic diagram. (2) No fog is snow.
So you have to make it false by drawing its complementary pair. Refer Most snow are not water.
Alternate diagram. While drawing alternate diagram, it is not violating any Few water is fog.
statements. So the negative conclusion “No month is a day” is false in (3) All films are photographs.
alternate diagram. Hence the conclusion is false. Some films are paintings.
Some paintings are photographs.
(4) Some celebrities are cricketers
Some stars are cricketers.
Some stars are celebrities.
1) (1) 2) (2) 3) (3) 4) (4)

3. (1) Some bats are balls.

Some balls are not wickets.
Some bats are not wickets.
(2) All fabrics are cloths.
No fabrics is a web.
EXERCISE Few cloths are not webs.
(3) No faint is dim.
Directions for question 1 to 4: Many delicates are not dims.

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 Few delicates are faints. F. Few artificers are sculptors.
(4) All external are foreign. 1) ABC 2) CDE 3) DBF 4) CED
Few external are extrinsic.
Many extrinsic are not foreign. 7. A. Many rifles are not pistols.
1) (1) 2) (2) 3) (3) 4) (4) B. All cannons are guns.
C. No gun is a pistol.
4. (1) No consumption is cost. D. Few cannons are rifles.
Few costs are charges. E. Few guns are rifles.
Many consumptions are not charges. F. Many guns are not rifles.
(2) Test is a trial. 1) BDF 2) ECA 3) ACE 4) CFA
All tests are experimentation.
Few experimentations are trials. 8. A. Few damages are detriments.
(3) All appraisals are assessment. B. All abuses are damages.
Few assessments are not conceptions. C. All detriments are abuses.
Many conceptions are not appraisals. D. All abuses are detriments.
E. Few abuses are not damages.
(4) Some decisions are judgements. F. All damages are detriments.
Some sentences are not judgements. 1) BDA 2) BDF 3) FBC 4) FCE
Some sentences are not decisions.
1) (1) 2) (2) 3) (3) 4) (4) Directions for question 9 to 10:
These are based on the following statements.
Directions for question 5 to 8: All booths are cabins. Some dens are not cabins. All hovels are booths.
Each of these questions consists of six statements followed by four sets of
three statements each. Select as your answer the set in which the third 9. Which of the following statement contradicts the conclusion of the above
statement logically follows the first two statements. three statements
1) All dens are hovels. 2) Some dens are hovels.
5. A. No mute is deaf. 3) Some dens are not hovels. 4) No den is a hovel.
B. Few deaf persons are not dull.
C. All dull persons are mute. 10. If few kraals are hovels, then which of the following is definitely false?
D. Few dull persons are mute. 1) Few dens are not kraals. 2) Few kraals are not dens.
E. No deaf person is mute. 3) Few kraals are dens. 4) No kraal is a cabin.
F. No deaf person is dull.
1) FAD 2) DAB 3) CAF 4) FCE Directions for question 11 to 12:
These are based on the following statements. Changes are ideas. No idea is
6. A. No artificer is a craftsman. a fancy. Most fancies are images.
B. All artificers are artisans.
C. Few artisans are not craftsman. 11. Which of the following statement contradicts the conclusion of the
D. Few artisans are sculptors. above three statements?
E. Many sculptors are not craftsman. 1) Few images are changes. 2) No image is change.

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3) All changes are not images. 4) All images are changes. 1) ABD 2) ABC 3) EDA 4) BCF

12. If change is an imagination, then which following is definitely true? 17. A. Few straps are not curbs.
1) Few imaginations are images. 2) Few imaginations are not B. Some curbs are not chains.
fancies. C. All curbs are chains.
3) Few images are not imaginations. 4) Few images are D. Many straps are chains.
imaginations. E. Many chains are curbs.
F. Some straps are not chains.
Directions for question 13 to 15: 1) ACF 2) ABF 3) DAE 4) AFE
These questions based on the following statements.
Acumen is acuteness. Every idea is acumen. Few comprehensions are not 18. A. Few desks are not decks.
acuteness. B. No slope is desk.
13. Which of the following statements contradicts the conclusions of the C. Few slopes are desks.
above three statements? D. No desk is a deck.
1) Few ideas are not comprehensions. 2) No comprehension is idea. E. No slope is decks.
3) Few ideas are comprehensions. 4) All comprehensions are ideas. F. All desks are slopes
1) CDE 2) DEF 3) ABE 4) BDE
14. If apprehension is an idea, then which of the following can be false?
1) Few comprehensions are not apprehension. 19. A. No dogma is a belief.
2) Apprehension is acuteness. B. Few beliefs are dogmatic.
3) Few apprehensions are acuteness. C. Some dogmatics are not dogmas.
4) Every acuteness is apprehension. D. Few dogmatics are dogmas.
E. Many beliefs are not dogmatic.
15. If Grasp is Comprehension, then which of the following is definitely F. Some beliefs are dogmas.
false? 1) ABD 2) ACE 3) CBA 4) BDF
1) Acuteness is grasp. 2) Grasp is acumen. 3) Idea is grasp. 4)
None of these. 20. A. No frontier is limit.
B. Few margins are not frontiers.
Directions for question 16 to 25: C. All margins are frontiers.
Each of these questions consists of six statements followed by four sets of D. Few margins are frontiers.
three statements each. Select as your answer the set in which the statements E. No margin is limit.
are logically related. F. Few limits are margins.
1) EBA 2) EAC 3) ADF 4) ACF
16. A. Few tufts are combs.
B. All crests are combs. 21. A. Shed is not shelter.
C. No crest is tuft. B. Roof is protection.
D. All crests are tufts. C. Roof is shed.
E. Few crests are not combs. D. Roof is shelter.
F. Few tufts are not combs. E. Some shelter is not protection.

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F. Shed is protection. statements to be correct, even if they differ from universally known facts.
1) CDA 2) AEF 3) BCF 4) None of these Go through all the conclusions and opt out the conclusions that can be
logically deduced from the given statements.
22. A. Engineers are not doctors. 26.Statements :
B. Some doctors are psychologists. Some papers are balls.
C. Some doctors are not professors. Ball is not spherical.
D. Some engineers are professors. Conclusions :
E. No professor is a psychologist. 1. some papers are spherical.
F. Some psychologists are not engineers. 2. Some balls are spherical.
1) ACD 2) DEF 3) BFA 4) None of the above 3. Some papers are not spherical.
4. Some balls are papers.
23. A. All cricketers are footballers. 1) Only 3 2) Only 4 3) Either 3 or 4 4) Only 3 and 4
B. All footballers are magicians.
C. All magicians are cricketers. 27. Statements :
D. Some cricketers are footballers. Some trees are pens
E. Some footballers are magicians. All pens are pencils
F. Some magicians are cricketers Conclusions :
1) ABC 2) EFB 3) BCD 4) DEF 1. Some pencils are pens.
2. All trees are pens.
24. A. Some RCs are not DCs. 3. Some trees are pencils.
B. All PCs are ACs. 4. Some pencils are trees.
C. Some ACs are not RCs. 1) Only 1 and 2 2) Only 1, 3 and 4 3) Only 4 4) All
D. Some ACs are not DCs.
28. Statements :
E. Many RCs are PCs. Some vans are cars.
F. Some PCs are not DCs.
1) CEB 2) FDB 3) AFE 4) DBE Some cars are roads.
Conclusions :
25. A. Truss is not roof. 1. Some roads are vans.
B. Truss is not timber. 2. Some cars are vans.
C. Post is roof. 3. No van is road.
D. Timber is roof. 4. Some roads are cars.
E. Post is not truss. 1) Only 2 and 3 follows 2) Only 1 and 4 follows
F. Timber is post. 3) Only 3 or 4 and then 1 and 2 follows 4) None of these
1) BFE 2) CAE 3) CDF 4) All the above
29. Statements :
Directions for question 26 to 30: No goat is door.
Each of the questions given below comprises of two statements followed by All doors are chairs.
four conclusions numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4. You have to assume both the Conclusions :

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1. Some chairs are doors. There are 27 small cubes in 3×3 cube. Among 27 cubes,
2. Some chairs are goats.
3. Some chairs are not goats. 8 blocks with 3 sides painted
4. Some doors are goats. 12 blocks with 2 sides painted
1) Either only 2 or 3 comes 2) Either only 2 or 3 and 4 come 6 blocks with 1 side painted
3) Either only 2 or 3 and 1 come 4) Only 1 and 3 come 1 blocks with 0 sides painted
(Refer below images for better understanding)
30. Statements :
Some cars are scooters.
No scooter is calculator.
Conclusions :
1. Some cars are not calculators.
2. All cars are calculators.
3. All scooters are cars.
4. Some scooters are cars.
1) None is logical 2) Either only 1 or 2 is logical Only
3) Only 2 is logical 4) 1 and 4 are logical

22. CUBES
In a cube there are six faces and its length, breadth and height are equal.
Look at the below image to understand better.
Formula to determine number of
Colored Cubes

3×3 Cube

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 colored cubes a)4 b)8 c)16 d)24
4. How many small cubes are there whose two adjacent faces are
colored blue ?

a)0 b)8 c)16 d)24

Answers:

1-d) 2-b)8 3-b)8 4-d)24

Explanation : Refer 4×4 cube in the above table.

EXERCISE

1. If five cuts are made on a cube, what is the minimum number of pieces
obtained ?
1) 18 2) 6 3) 16 4) 25

2. If six cuts are made on a cube, what is the maximum number of identical
pieces obtained ?
1) 16 2) 18 3) 36 4) 27

3. If two, three and four cuts are made parallel to different faces of a cube,
Examples then what is the number of identical pieces obtained ?
Direction to solve Question no 1 to 4. 1) 60 2) 30 3) 48 4) 24
4. What is the minimum number of cuts required to cut a cube into 216
identical pieces ?
The following questions are based on the information given below:
1) 36 2) 18 3) 15 4) 12
1. All the faces of cubes are painted with blue color.
2. The cubes is cut into 64 equal small cubes.
Each of 216 small identical cubes are painted blue on all faces and all
these cubes are arranged to form a large cube. Now all the faces of the
1. How many small cubes have only one face colored ?
large cube are painted pink.
a) 4 b) 8 c)16 d)24 5. How many small cubes have only one colour on them?
2. How many small cubes have no faces colored ? 1) 96 2) 125 3) 64 4) 48

a) 24 b)8 c)16 d)0 6. How many small cubes have exactly two faces painted pink ?
3. How many small cubes are there whose three faces are colored? 1) 36 2) 48 3) 64 4) 80

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7. How many small cubes have exactly three faces painted blue? 15. How many small cubes have exactly two colours on their faces?
1) 8 2) 4 3) 2 4) 6 1) 24 2) 27 3) 33 4) 39

Each of 125 small identical cubes are painted black on all faces and all these A cube is painted in black and green, each on three faces such that any
cubes are arranged to form a large cube. This large cube is placed at the two faces with same colour are adjacent to each other. Now this cube is
corner of a large room and all the visible faces of this cube are painted cut into 60 identical pieces using 2, 3 and 4 cuts parallel to different
white. faces.
8. How many smaller cubes have at least two faces with white paint?
1) 13 2) 16 3) 15 4) 10 16. How many smaller pieces have exactly two faces painted in black?
1) 5 2) 9 3) 18 4) 27
9. How many smaller cubes have no face painted white?
1) 27 2) 100 3) 64 4) 81 17. How many smaller pieces have both the colours on them?
1) 9 2) 18 3) 6 4) 24
216 small identical cubes are arranged to form a large cube. Now three
faces of the large cube are painted yellow, of which no two faces are 18. How many smaller pieces have no face painted?
opposite each other. Of the remaining faces, two are painted green and 1) 6 2) 9 3) 11 4) 1
the other black.
19. What is the minimum number of cuts required to cut a cube into 24
10. How many small cubes have all three colours on them? identical pieces?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 1) 6 2) 8 3) 9 4) 12

11. How many small cubes have exactly two colours on them? 20. If 10 cuts are made on a cube, what is the maximum number of identical
1) 28 2) 30 3) 37 4) 44 pieces obtained?
1) 8 2) 100 3) 64 4) 125
12. How many small cubes have exactly three faces painted in the same
colour? 21. 27 identical cubes are arranged to form a large cube. How many such
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3 cubes are required to completely cover the large cube, so that the figure
obtained also must be a cube?
13. How many small cubes have black and green but not yellow colour on 1) 125 2) 98 3) 64 4) 80
them?
1) 8 2) 9 3) 10 4) 12 22. A large cube is formed using 125 identical smaller cubes and is placed
at the corner of a large room. How many such smaller cubes are required to
125 small identical cubes are arranged to form a large cube and it is cover the large cube completely, so that the figure obtained also must be a
painted in red, blue and green on two faces each, such that any two cube?
faces with the same colour are adjacent to each other. 1) 91 2) 96 3) 75 4) 127

14. How many small cubes have only one colour on their faces? A cube, painted on all its faces, is cut into 125 identical smaller cubes.
1) 48 2) 63 3) 75 4) 81
23. How many smaller cubes have no face painted?

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1) 100 2) 81 3) 64 4) 27
23. CLOCKS - BASICS
24. How many smaller cubes have only one face painted?
1) 36 2) 54 3) 64 4) 108 1. A clock has two hands, the smaller one is called the hour hand and
the larger one is called minute hand.
25. How many smaller cubes have exactly two faces painted?
1) 36 2) 54 3) 48 4) 60 2. Angle traced by minute hand in 1 hr = 360°.

26. How many cubes of 4 cm side can be formed from a cube of 16 cm 3. Angle traced by hour hand in 1hr = 30°
side?
1) 27 2) 64 3) 216 4) 125 4. Speed of minute hand = 6° per min

27. A big cube of 20 cm side having all of its sides green coloured is cut 5. Speed of hour hand = (½)° per min
into small cubes of side 4 cm .How many such small cubes can be formed
that will be having only one coloured face? 6. The hour hand and minute hand coincides 22 times in a
1) 36 2) 54 3) 8 4) 27 day. (Refer below picture)

Read the following data and answer the questions that follow- 7. The hour hand and minute hand will be in straight line and
opposite (180°) 22 times in a day.
i. A cuboid shaped wooden block has 6 cm length 4 cm breadth and 1 cm
height. 8. The hour hand and minute hand will be in right angle (90°) 44
ii. Two sides measuring 4 cm * 1cm are coloured in Black. times in a day.
iii. Two sides measuring 6 cm * 1cm are coloured in Red. 9. If a clock indicates 8.15, when the correct time is 8, it is said to be
iv. Two sides measuring 6 cm * 4cm are coloured in Green. 15 minutes too fast. Similarly, if it indicates 7.45, when the correct
v. The block is divided into 6 equal cubes of side 1 cm (from 6 cm side) time is 8, it is said to be 15 minutes too slow.
four equal cubes of side 1 cm (from 4 cm side).

28. How many cubes having Red, Green and Black colours on atleast one
side of the cube will be formed?
1) 16 2) 12 3) 10 4) 4

29. How many small cubes will be formed?

1) 6 2) 12 3) 16 4) 24

30. How many cubes will remain if the cubes having black and green colour
are removed.
1) 4 2) 12 3) 16 4) 8 FORMULA
To calculate angle between hour hand and minute hand
Angle= 11M/2 – 30H ,where M is minute and H is hour.

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To calculate time during coincide, straight line and right angle. Odd Day calculation:
A) Straight line (Coincide) : (5H+0) 12/11 (or) 60H/11
B) Right angle : (5H+15) 12/11 minutes past H Number of days more than the complete weeks are called odd days.
C) Straight line (Opposite) : a. (5H-30) 12/11 minutes past H, For Ordinary Year = 365 days = 52 weeks + 1 day (i.e 1 odd
when H>6 day)
b.(5H+30) 12/11 minutes past H, For Leap Year = 366 days = 52 weeks + 2 days (i.e 2 odd
when H<6 days)
For 100 Years
EXAMPLES 100 Years = 76 ordinary Years + 24 Leap Years = (76 x 1)+ (24 x 2) =
1.What will be the angle between hour hand and minute hand at 7.50? 124 odd days
= 17 weeks + 5 days = 5 odd days
a) 45° b)56° c)65° d)75° For 200 Years = 5 x 2 = 10 = 3 odd days
Answer: c) 65° For 300 Years = 5 x 3 = 15 = 1 odd days
Solution : (11*50/2)- (30*7) = 275-210 =65 For 400 Years = 5 x 4 +1=21 = 0 odd days

2. At what time between 7 and 8’o clock will the hands of a clock in the
same straight line but, not together? Year No of Odd Days
a) 5 min. past 7 b)5 2/11 min. past 7 c)5 3/11min. past 7 d)5
5/11min. past 7 Ordinary Year 1
Answer : d)5 5/11min. past 7
olution: (5*7- 30) *(12/11) =60/11 =5 5/11 Leap Year 2

CALENDARS 100 Years 5(Friday)

Concepts:
200 Years 3(Wednesday)
Ordinary Year:
300 Years 1(Monday)
An ordinary year has 365 days. The year which is not a leap year is
called an ordinary years. Example: 1999,2017 400 Years 0(Sunday)

Leap Year: 500 Years 5(Friday)

A leap year has 366 days.
600 Years 3(Wednesday)
(i) Every year divisible by 4 is a leap year, if it is not a century.
(ii) Every 4th century is a leap year and no other century is a leap year.
Example:1948, 2004,1200, 1600, 2000 is a leap year. 700 Years 1(Monday)
1800, 2100 is a not a leap year.

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 1) 24º 2) 48º 3) 96º 4) 12º
Year No of Odd Days
3. What is the angle between the hands of the clock, when the time is 50
800 Years 0(Sunday) minutes past 6?
1) 105º 2) 115º 3) 125º 4) 95º
900 Years 5(Friday)
4. For how many times, the minute hand of a clock will be opposite to the
1000 Years 3(Wednesday) hour hand from 3:00 p.m
on Friday to 11:00 a.m on the subsequent Sunday?
1) 41 2) 40 3) 42 4) 43
Key Points:
Last day of any century can’t be Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. 5. How many degrees does the hour hand lag behind when compared to the
Last day of any century leap year is SUNDAY. minute hand in a span of 8
minutes?
EXAMPLES 1) 42º 2) 48º 3) 46º 4) 44º
1 .The calendar 2006 will be same for the year
a) 2015 b) 2017 c)2009 d)2018 6. If the minute hand is pointing towards west at 7:30, then the hour hand
Answer: b)2017 points towards
1) south-west 2) south-east 3) north-west 4) north-east
Explanation:
Count the number of odd days from the year 2007 onwards to get the sum 7. The reflection of a wall clock in a mirror shows the time as 10 hours 23
equal to 0 odd day. minutes, then what is the actual time in the clock?
2006 -1, 2007 -1, 2008 -2, 2009-1, 2010-1, 2011-1, 2012-2, 1) 2 hours 37 minutes 2) 1 hour 27 minutes
2013-1, 2014-1, 2015-1, 2016-2, 2017-1 3) 1 hour 37 minutes 4) 1 hour 47 minutes
Total odd days from 2007-2017 = 14 days= 0 odd day
Hence 2017 calendar will be same as 2006. 8. Three clocks C1, C2 and C3 show correct time at 3:00 a.m. Clock C1,
2. If 1st Jan 2005 is Saturday then what will be 1st Jan 2008? uniformly loses 4.5 minutes in an hour, clock C2 uniformly loses 1.5
a)Monday b)Friday c)Tuesday d)Saturday minutes in an hour and clock C3 uniformly gains 2.5 minutes in an hour. At
Answer: c)Tuesday 11:00 a.m on the same day, by how much time will C1 and C2, C2 and C3,
Explanation: On 31st December it was Friday.Number of Odd days C1 and C3 differ respectively?
between 2006 and 2008 = (1+1)=2days. Then December 31st 2007 will be 1) 24 minutes, 32 minutes, 56 minutes
Monday then 1st Jan 2008 will be Tuesday. 2) 24 minutes, 8 minutes, 16 minutes
3) 24 minutes, 32 minutes, 16 minutes
EXERCISE 4) 48 minutes, 32 minutes, 56 minutes
1. What is the angle covered by the minute-hand in 27 minutes? 9. A watch which gains uniformly was observe 5 minutes slow at 6:00 a.m
1) 160º 2) 156º 3) 162º 4) 168º on a Tuesday, subsequent Monday at 12:00 noon, the watch was 20
minutes faster. When did the watch shows the correct time?
2. What is the angle covered by the hour-hand in 48 minutes? 1) 12:00 noon on Tuesday 2) 12:00 midnight on Wednesday

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3) 12:00 noon on Wednesday 4) 12:00 midnight on Thursday 18. Which among the following years has the same calendar as 1749 ?
1) 1754 2) 1755 3) 1760 4) 1756
10. A clock which loses uniformly was observe 5 minutes fast at 4:00 p.m
on a Friday, subsequent Sunday at 8:00 a.m, the watch was 3 minutes slow. 19. Which among the following years has the same calendar as 1748 ?
When did the watch shows the correct time? 1) 1759 2) 1753 3) 1786 4) 1776
1) 5:00 am on Saturday 2) 5:00 pm on Saturday
3) 6:00 pm on Saturday 4) 6:00 am on Saturday 20. What will be the next leap year after 2596 ?
1) 2604 2) 2600 3) 2500 4) 2598
11. Two clocks are set to show the correct time at 3:00 a.m. The clocks
uniformly lose 3 minutes and 4 minutes respectively in an hour. If the clock 21. In a non-leap year, which among the following two months will have
which loses 3 minutes per hour shows the time as 8:42 a.m on the same day, the same calendar?
then what time does the other clock show? 1) January and March 2) January and October
1) 8:36 p.m 2) 8:32 a.m 3) 8:36 a.m 4) 8:40 a.m 3) March and June 4) Both (2) and (3)

12. What is the angle between the hands of clock when the time is 3 hours 22. If the first as well as the last day of an year is Monday, then which day
50 minutes? of the week was 12th July of that year ?
1) 175º 2) 180º 3) 170º 4) 165º 1) Tuesday 2) Friday 3) Thursday 4) Saturday

13. A clock which uniformly loses 5 minutes in a day is set to show the 23. On which dates of September. 1872, did Sundays fall?
correct time at 4:30 am on the Monday. What will be the correct time, when 1) 5th, 12th, 19th, 26th 2) 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd, 30 th
th
the, clock shows 4 hours 17 minutes 30 second subsequent Wednesday 3) 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd, 29 4) 6th, 13th, 20th, 27lh
evening?
1) 4:25 pm 2) 4:15 pm 3) 4:29.5 pm 4) 4:30 pm 24. If 29th June, 1984 was a Friday, then which day of the week was 27th
October 1983 ?
14. If a clock shows 4 hours 12 minutes, what time does its mirror image 1) Thursday 2) Friday 3) Saturday 4) Sunday
show?
1) 8 hours 12 minutes 2) 7 hours 58 minutes 25. If 15th August. 1983 was a Sunday, then which day of the week was
3) 7 hours 48 minutes 4) 8 hours 48 minutes 14th August. 1982?
1) Sunday 2) Thursday 3) Saturday 4) Friday
15. How many odd days are there in 1000 days?
1) 6 2) 5 3) 4 4) 3 26. If 6th April, 1772 was a Tuesday, then which day of the week was 20th
November, 1772?
16. Which among the following years is a leap year? 1) Sunday 2) Saturday 3) Thursday 4) Monday
1) 1400 2) 7400 3) 4800 4) 6600
27. If 1st May, 1822 was a Thursday, then which day of the week was 4th
17. In a calendar year, if there are 500 days and 9 days a week, then how September, 1825?
many odd days will be that year? 1) Saturday 2) Sunday 3) Tuesday 4) Monday
1) 4 2) 5 3) 6 4) 3

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28. If 16th March, 1902 was a Saturday, then which day of the week was 1. Which of the following represents the students who are selected for TCS,
14th February, 1898? Infosys and Satyam computers but not for CTS?
(1) Sunday 2) Monday 3) Tuesday 4) Friday 1) b 2) f 3) g 4) g + b + f

29. Which day of the week was 30th January 1901? 2. Which of the following represents the students who are selected for
1) Friday 2) Tuesday 3) Wednesday 4) Thursday Satyam computers and CTS but not for TCS?
1) j + h + l 2) j + k + l 3) h + l 4) j + k
30. What is the angle between the hands of a clock, when the time is 3
hours 30 minutes?
1) 60º 2) 75º 3) 90º 4) 100º

24. VENN DIAGRAM

Rectangle represents the athletes who are participating in 100 m race.

Hexagon represents the athletes who are participating in 200 m race.
Square represents the athletes who are participating in 800 m race.
Triangle represents the athletes who are participating in 1050 m race.
It is known that each and every athlete is participating in at least one of the
four events.

3. Which of the following represents the athletes who are participating in at

least three events?
Triangle represents the students who are selected to TCS. 1) j + i + l + h 2) b + i + h + e 3) c + h + i +1 4) j + c + i + h
Rectangle represents the students who are selected to Infosys.
Pentagon represents the students who are selected to Satyam computers. 4. Which of the following represents the athletes who are participating in at
Circle represents the students who are selected to CTS. most two events?
Triangle represents the students who are selected to TCS. 1) g + a + e + k + l + j + d + f 2) a + e + g + b + l + d + f + k
Rectangle represents the students who are selected to Infosys. 3) g + e + k + a + h + b + l + d + f 4) g + a + k + e + j + c + f + l
Pentagon represents the students who are selected to Satyam computers.
Circle represents the students who are selected to CTS.

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 Circle represents the number of students who like Maths.
Triangle represents the number of students who like Physics.
Rectangle represents the number of students who like English.
Square represents the number of students who like Chemistry.

8. How many students like English as well as Maths but not any other
subject?
1) 15 2) 39 3) 24 4) 69
X represents the number of students in a class who cleared quantitative
aptitude section. 9. How many students like only Chemistry?
Y represents the number of students in a class who cleared the verbal 1) 24 2) 22 3) 46 4) 56
section.
Z represents the number of students in a class who cleared the reasoning In the following questions answers are based on the diagram given below,
section. where the triangle represents doctors, the circle represents players and the
rectangle represents the artists.
5. What is the total number of students in the class ?
1) 303 2) 304 3) 300 4) 305

6. How many students have cleared all the sections except the verbal
section?
1) 22 2) 23 3) 17 4) 45

7. How many students in the class cleared the verbal section and the
reasoning section?
1) 32 2) 33 3) 27 4) 72
10. Which numbered space in the diagram represents doctors, who are also
Study the diagram and the information given below it. Choose the correct players and artists?
alternative to each question and mark the number of that choice as your 1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5
answer.
11. Which numbered space in diagram represents artists, who are players?

1) 6 2) 7 3) 8 4) 4

12. Which numbered space in the diagram represents artists, who are neither
players nor doctors?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

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13. Which numbered space represents players, who are neither artists nor speaking areas, the circle stands for Urdu speaking area and the rectangle
doctors? for area where people speak Marathi. Each part is numbered. Your task is to
1) 1,2 2) 3,4 3) 6,7 4) 7,8 study the figure and answer the questions that follow:

14. Which numbered space represents doctors, who are players but nor
artists?
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5

In each of the given questions below there is a group of three. From the five
figures given below you have to find the figure that best represents the
group.

18. Which number depicts the area where, the three languages, English,
Marathi and Urdu are spoken but Hindi is not spoken?
15. Cow, Pet, Rat 1) 4 2) 11 3) 9 4) 8
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E
19. Number 2 depicts
16. Table, Bench, Furniture 1) English and Hindi speaking area.
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E 2) Only English speaking area.
3) Hindi and Marathi speaking area.
15. Eye, Heart, Leg 4) English and Marathi speaking area.
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E
20. Which number depicts Marathi, English and Hindi speaking area not the
16. School, Science, Student Urdu speaking area?
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E 1) 4 2) 5 3) 9 4) 3

17. Forest, Tree, Lion Out of the four alternatives in each of the following questions, three
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E alternatives are such that the three words in each are related among
themselves in one of the five ways represented by (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e)
Figure below, depicts an area where people speak four different languages. below. And one of the alternatives represents a relationship which is not
The triangle depicts English speaking area, the square depicts Hindi

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represented by any of the figures given below. The relationship that (d) Oxygen, Air, Water
complies this condition is your answer. 1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d

25. (a) Bed, Ward, Hospital

(b) Boy, Girl, Player
(c) Copper, Zinc, Iron
(d) Book, Page, Paragraph
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d

In each of the given questions below there is a group of three. From the five
figures given below you have to find the figure that best represents the
group.

21. (a) Army, General, Colonel

(b) Boy, Student, Player
(c) Painter, Scholar, Table
(d) Man, Typist, Peon.
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d 26. School, Science, Student.
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E
22. (a) Hen, Dog, Cat
(b) Body, Ear, Mouth 27. Forest, Tree, Lion.
(c) Bed, Ward, Nurse 1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E
(d) Tiger, Animal, Carnivorous.
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d 28. Lady-finger, Potato, Vegetables.
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E
23.( a) Mineral, Iron, Copper
(b) Dean, Painter, Singer 29. Solar-system, Earth, Pluto.
(c) Seed, Leaf, Root 1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E
(d) Piston, Engine, Wheel
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d 30. Earth, Sun, Moon.
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E
24.(a) Director, Engineer, Musician
(b) Apple, Orange, Mango
(c) Fruit, Mango, Grass

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 (A) K is at immediate right to P
25. SEATING ARRANGEMENTS (B) P is second to the right of J
(C) H is at immediate left of J
Direction (1-5) Eight friends – P, Q, R, S, T, U, V & W are sitting (D) None of these
around a circle facing the center. V is third to the right of Q & second
to the left of R. Q is second to the left of T & immediate right of S. U is (9) Who is at immediate right of J?
between Q & T. P is not at the left of R. (A) L (B) I (C) N (D) H
(1) Who is exactly at left of S? (10) Who is second to the left of M?
(A) Q (B) P (C) U (D) V (A) H (B) P (C) J (D) K
(2) Who is second to right of T? Direction (11-15) J, K, H, R, F, N & Q are sitting around a circular
table facing the center. H is third to the left of L, who is at the
(A) R (B) P (C) W (D)V
immediate right of K. R is third to the left of N, but not the neighbor of
H or L. J is second to the right of Q.
(3) In which of the following pairs the first person sits exactly at the right of
second person?
(11) Who is second to the left of N?
(A) UT (B) WR (C) WT (D) VT
(A) Q (B) K (C) J (D) None of these
(4) What is the exact position of W?
(12) In which of the following group of persons, the first person is sitting
(A) Just left of V (B) Just right of V
between the next two persons?
(C) In between U and V (D) Immediate right to R
(A) LKN (B) QFL (C) JHR (D) None of these
(5) Who is second at right of S?
(13) Who is at the immediate left of R?
(A) U (B) R (C) T (D) P
(A) Q (B) K (C) F (D) N
Direction (6-10) Eight executives - H, I, J, K, L, M, N & P are sitting
(14) Which of the following is a right place of J with respect to K?
around a circular table. M . M is third to the right of J & second to the
(A) third to the left (B) third to the right
left of K. H is at immediate left of I. P is at immediate right of K. L is
(C) second to the left (D) second to the right
third to the left of N.
(15) As per the sitting arrangement, four of the following five are alike in a
(6) Which of the following pair of persons shows the nearest neighbor of
certain way & so, they form their group. Which one is not included in this
‘M’?
group?
(A) K, I (B) L, I (C) H, I (D) H, L
(A) RQ (B) LK (C) JR (D) FQ
(7) In which of the following pairs, second person is second to the right of
Direction (16-20) : Five persons are sitting in a row facing the North.
first person?
Two of them are sitting at the ends of row. One of them is ‘intelligent’
(A) LI (B) NL (C) PJ (D) None of these
& the other is ‘fool’. A ‘fat’ person is sitting at the right side of a
(8) Which of the following is definitely correct?

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‘Weak’ person. A ‘tall’ person is sitting at the left side of the ‘fool’ 25.. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way according to the
person. ‘Weak’ person is sitting between ‘intelligent’ & ‘fat’ persons. given sitting arrangement & so, they form their group. Which one of them is
not included in this group?
16. What is the position of tall person from right? (A) KFL (B) QJR (C) HRN (D) NLK (E) HRJ
(A) First (B) Second (C) Third (D) Fourth

17. The person sitting at the left side of a weak person is –

26. Cryptarithmetic
(A) Intelligent (B) Fat (C) Fool (D) Tall Cryptarithmetic problems are where numbers are replaced with alphabets.
By using standard arithmetic rules we need to decipher the alphabet.
18. Which of the following persons sits exactly in the middle?
(A) Intelligent (B) Fat (C) Fool (D) Tall General Rules:
1. Each alphabet takes only one number from 0 to 9 uniquely.
19. Fat persons is sitting at the left side of whom? 2. Two single digit numbers sum can be maximum 19 with carryover. So
(A) Intelligent (B) Fool (C) Weak (D) Tall carry over in problems of two number addition is always 1.
3. Try to solve left most digit in the given problem.
20. If the intelligent & the fool persons interchange their position with each 4. If a × b = kb, then the following are the possibilities
other, & similarly, the tall & the weak persons do the same, then who will (3 × 5 = 15; 7 × 5 = 35; 9 × 5 = 45) or (2 × 6 = 12; 4 × 6 = 24; 8 × 6 = 48)
be sitting at the left side of the weak persons? Exercise
(A) Fat (B) Weak (C) Intelligent (D) Fool 1. USA+USSR=PEACE FIND P+E+A+C+E
A.10 B.14 C.25 D.12
Direction(21-25) : J, K, H, R, F, L, N & Q are sitting around a circular
table facing the center. H is third to the left of L, who is the immediate
2. tee+let=All where E=5 find A+L+L
right of K. R is third to the left of N but not neighbour of H or L. J is
A.17 B.9 C.10 D.12
second to the right of Q.

21. Who is second to the left of N? 3. If Ever + Since = Darwin then D + a + r + w + i + n is ?

A.23 B.41 C.34 D.16
(A) Q (B) K (C) J (D) F or J (E) None of these

22.. In which of the following group of persons, the first person is sitting 4. If (HE)^H=SHE, where the alphabets take the values from (0-
between the next two persons? 9) & all the alphabets are single digit then find the value of
(A) LKN (B) QFL (C) JHR (S+H+E)?
(D) JHF (E) None of these A.14 B.19 C.13 D.15

23. Who is at the immediate left of R? 5. EAT+EAT+EAT=BEET if t=0 then what will the value of
(A) Q (B) K (C) F (D) N (E) None of these TEE+TEE
A.088 B.077 C.066 D.055
24. Which of the following is a positing of J with respect to K?
(A) third at left (B) third at right (C) second at left (D) second at right
(E) None of these

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 6. If CROSS + ROADS = DANGER then D+A+N+G+E+R=? 15. The following questions are based on the following multiplication,
A.31 B.21 C.11 D.16 where each digit has been replaced by an alphabet.

7. WORLD+TRADE=CENTER value of C+E+N+T+E+R

A.27 B.24 C.12 D.19

8. fine+nine=wives then w+i+v+e+s=?

A.15 B.22 C.33 D.37 Find the value of J.
a. 9 b. 8 c. 7 d. 6
9. USA + USSR = PEACE ; P + E + A + C + E = ?
A.8 B.9 C.10 D.11 16. From the multiplication below, What is the value of N + A + M + E?

10. If POINT + ZERO = ENERGY, then E + N + E + R + G + Y =

?
A.14 B.15 C.16 D.17

11. 11 SEND + MORE = MONEY. Then what is the value of M + a. 15 b. 17 c. 18 d. 19

O+N+E+Y?
A.14 B.15 C.16 D.17 17. Find the value of MAY in the following multiplication Table

12. YOUR + YOU = HEART (Assume O = 4). Find the value of Y

+ U +R +E.
a) 15 b)16 c)17 d)18

13. Find the sum of the values of A, B and C

if ABC=A!+B!+C!ABC=A!+B!+C! where ABC is a three digit
number
a. 7 b. 8 c. 9 d. 10 a. 328 b. 239 c. 146 d. 319

14. How many numbers satisfy the 18. If SEND + MORE = MONEY then find M + O + N + E + Y
condition ABC=A3+B3+C3ABC=A3+B3+C3 where ABC is a three digit S E N D+M O R EM O N E YS E N D+M O R EM O N E Y
number. a. 11 b. 13 c. 14 d. 18
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
19. Find the value of B + A + D if each alphabet represent an unique single
digit from 0 – 9

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 d. The tax exemption rules of the government work
against its own people by causing companies toset
outsource units.
a. 14 b. 15 c. 16 d. 17
(2) It was coincidental that two separate teams of scientists
20. Find the value of A + S + K in the following multiplication
discovered the remains of tyrannosauruses on two separate
locations of the same island. The first team found that the
tyrannosaurus, who was a female, had developed wings;
however, it was not possible for it to fly and support its
weight during its flight. The other team discovered that the
tyrannosaurus, who was a male, had no traces of wings and
a. 7 b. 10 c. 13 d. 14 its structure was no different from what was already known
to the scientists. Eventually, both the discoveries made the
27. Critical reasoning scientists and island dwellers realize that the island
contained many undiscovered treasures and answers.
Assuming that the above argument is true, identify which of
(1) Companies have been using the outsource model in order to
the following statements can be inferred from the argument?
lower production and service costs, consequently, taking
a. There are certain islands where traces of dinosaurs
away jobs from their own countrymen. Market analysts
and other ancient species can still be unearthed and
observe that this trend is vexing many employees and
studied to fill in the gaps.
customers. Hence, they urge companies to minimize their
b. The history of evolution provides ample evidence to
outsourcing. But, to receive tax exemption from the
justify the difference between the male and female
government, companies must have set up at least twenty
species of a race.
outsourcing units.
c. It is possible that some female tyrannosauruses
Assuming that the above argument is true, identify which of
developed wings, but, whether this physical feature
the following conclusions is supported by the argument?
was only specific to females is open to further
a. Companies are unable to realize that many of their
discovery.
employees also form a part of their loyal customer
d. The Tyrannosaurus was the only species of
base.
dinosaurs that had wings but could not fly due to
b. The government is eventually thinking about the
theirhumungous bodyweight.
benefit of the people and is justified in giving tax
exemption to companies that use the outsource
(3) While analysing the progress of a group of dyslexic children,
model.
teachers observed that some children had shown progress but
c. Minimizing costs is the key to running a successful
others, who had joined the training programme at the same
business which is what most people fail to see.
time, were still grappling with the basics. Due to this,

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 teachers were compelled to divide the group further in order a. Psychologists explain that when people meet
to impart different levels of training. While some children someone for the first time, they are more courteous
were upset because they had to lose their friends to the other and careful so as to not judge the other instantly.
group, others were disturbed by these changes as, now, they b. People believe that it is only natural to judge
had to team up with new partners. someone on the basis of their looks because it is,
Assuming that the above argument is true, identify which of after all, extremely important to get others’ approval.
the following statements can be concluded from the above c. Many times people are inclined towards judging
argument? others on the basis of first impression or physical
a. Teachers do not realize that their actions have a appearance because they are biased against people.
greater impact on children. d. Some people undermine physical appearance and
b. Dyslexic children are unable to cope with change in believe that good looks are highly overrated.
comparison to adults who respond to change more
positively. (5) Quine’s influential paper “Two Dogmas of Empiricism”
c. Response to training depends upon how positively challenges the foundations of logical positivism by raising
the child reacts to the training programme and how significant doubts about its project of constructing reliable
effectively it displays in his work. knowledge out of the data of human experience. The
d. The rate of progress within a group of dyslexic traditional distinction between analytic and synthetic
children can wary irrespective to similarity in statements, on Quine’s view, depends more nearly on a
training. conventional decision than on any bright line between
distinct types of judgment. The content of our experiences
(4) Psychologists believe that most people judge others just like counts for or against the entire body of beliefs we hold, and
they would judge a book by its cover and in ninety percent our efforts to reconcile them may require the modification or
of the cases, most people are wrong. In fact, while judging abandonment of any of those beliefs, no matter what their
someone on the basis of their looks or by the first status. No statement (or, perhaps, none but the pure
impression, most people fail to realize that the other person tautologies of logic) is forever secure from revision in the
could be nervous or hesitant to open up. Most psychologists face of future evidence, and any statement can be retained if
are of the view that adults are more afraid of being rejected suitable changes are made in the rest of the system.
or disliked by others, especially housewives who have Choose an appropriate summary for the above paragraph
limited social interaction and are constantly judged by their a. The ideas of Logical Positivism are open to revision
peers and in-laws. based on the content of our experiences which is
Assuming that the above argument is true, identify which of something different from the tautologies of logic.
the following statements considerably strengthens the above b. Quine challenges the basis of Logical Positivism,
argument? especially its belief in traditional distinctions of
statements and questions the basis by arguing that

86 | P a g e
 beliefs are open to revision in face of the content of c. Magical realism is not speculative as the people who
our experiences. experience this reality are real.
c. Quine raises questions about the apparently sound d. Magical realism is not speculative but is the view of
traditional basis of Logical Positivism by showing real people who experience a reality different from
that any statement, except the tautologies of logic, is our normal objective reality.
open to revision.
d. Quine questions the traditional distinction between (7) In a supermarket survey, the company found out that all
analytic and synthetic statements which weakens the those customers who spent more than half an hour in making
basis of Logical Positivism. purchases in the ‘daily needs section’ also spent some time
in the ‘lifestyle products section’. As a result, the company
(6) Magical realism is not speculative and does not conduct executives decided to put a fifteen percent discount sale in
thought experiments. Instead, it tells its storiesfrom the the ‘lifestyle products section’.
perspective of people who live in our world and experience a Which of the following statements can be concluded from
different reality from the one wecall objective. If there is a the argument?
ghost in a story of magical realism, the ghost is not a fantasy a. All those consumers who purchase items from the
element but amanifestation of the reality of people who ‘daily needs section’ will also buy items from the
believe in and have “real” experiences of ghosts. Magical ‘lifestyle products section’ during the discount sale.
realist fiction depicts the real world of people whose reality b. Purchasing lifestyle products and items of daily need
is different from ours. It’s not a thought experiment. It’s not is based on the spending power of the consumer.
speculation. Magical realism endeavors to show us the world c. Keeping a discount on lifestyle products will affect
through other eyes. When it works, as I think it does very the buyers’ purchases made in the children’s section.
well in, say, Leslie Marmon Silko’s novel Ceremony, some d. The company hopes that consumers shopping in the
readers will inhabit this other reality so thoroughly that the ‘daily needs section’ will make some purchases from
“unreal” elements of the story, such as witches, will seem the ‘lifestyle products section' during the discount
frighteningly real long after the book is finished. A fantasy sale.
about southwestern Indian witches allows you to put down
the book with perhaps a little shiver but reassurance that (8) The current economic downturn is forcing employees to
what you just read is made up. Magical realism leaves you constantly improve their performance levels. A number of
with the understanding that this world of witches is one that lousy workers are now becoming dangerous competitors for
people really live in and the feeling that maybe this view is those employees who were always performing better than
correct. the others in their department. This is causing a great deal of
a. Magical realism is a view of real people who tension among the employees. The flip side is that a number
experience ghosts and witches. of companies are eventually compelled to dismiss those
b. Magical realism leaves the reader with the feeling employees who were earlier one of the best performers, but
that the world of ghosts and witches is real. now, are unable to consistently cope well with the increasing

87 | P a g e
 levels of competition. easily evade the law and demand higher
Which of the following statements can be inferred from the commission.
above argument?
a. The overall performance levels of employees have, (10) Any attempt to ban schools from teaching and using the
generally, increased due to the economic condition. English language as the primary medium of instruction will
b. Performance levels that were considered as the only steer the nation backward. Forbidding people from
benchmark are still unachievable by most learning English is equivalent to isolating them from the rest
employees. of the world, where the primary language of commerce, trade,
c. Most lousy workers are underdogs who usually industry, and communication is English. At a time when more
outperform their colleagues in crises situations. and more Non-English speaking countries are aggressively
d. Employees, whose performance is usually providing English language training in order to accelerate
outstanding, get easily tensed when they are business and development, unfortunately, some Indians are
challenged by their colleagues. thinking the opposite.
Which of the following statements considerably weakens the
(9) The number of farmers committing suicide is on the rise. above argument?
Burdened with debt, these farmers are unable to sow and a. A number of Non-English speaking professionals
maintain their crops. Even when the yield is good, these agree that not knowing the English language hinders
farmers are never far away from the clutches of the brokers their chances of career growth.
who take away more than half of the profits. While the b. Most Non-English speaking nations are introducing
government fails to control these factors, farmers are unable English language training in schools as it is easier to
to get out of this vicious circle and are forced to end their get a grip of the language when one is at an early
lives. stage in life.
Which of the following statements considerably strengthens c. Only those who belong to affluent families really
the above argument? need to learn English as most of them eventually go
a. The government has waived some of the farmers’ to International universities for higher education.
loans in specific parts of the country. d. Some nations are training people to converse in
b. Under the rural development programme, farmers multiple languages as most Indian traders are
are getting education and training in how to sell their multilingual and fluently converse in the national or
crops without the aid of brokers. regional languages.
c. Designing a foolproof plan for the betterment of the
farmers and the agricultural sector is the biggest (11) While treating patients suffering from Down’s syndrome,
challenge for the government. doctors realized that an overdose of medicinegiven to a
d. Even though the government has set strict rules that patient who also had high blood sugar levels made him/her
clearly define the share of the brokers, most brokers resilient. Seeing the drasticrecovery in such patients the
doctors believe that patients with high blood sugar levels

88 | P a g e
 along with othergenetic birth defects can also be treated organization dedicated to war and slavery to one dedicated to
successfully when they are given overdoses of the peace and freedom. It was apparently the complacency, and
prescribedmedicines. perhaps the self-righteousness, of Russell’s liberal cause that
Which of the following statements shows a flaw in the Wittgenstein objected to.
reasoning of the doctors? Choose an appropriate summary for the above passage
a. Treating patients, who are suffering from genetic a. Wittgenstein’s attitude, like all other attitudes, is
birth defects and have high blood sugar levels, after all relative and his intolerance is due to his
through an overdose has no permanent impact on disgust with Rusell’s complacency and self –
their physical condition. righteousness.
b. Successfully treating patients suffering from both, b. Wittgenstein reeks of absolute intolerance which
high blood sugar levels and Down’s syndrome, puts him in a position from where he cannot be seen
suggests that those suffering only with Down’s as a relativist.
syndrome have little hope of recovery. c. Wittgenstein’s assertion to Russell demonstrates his
c. High blood sugar levels could be specifically intolerance which makes it clear that relativism itself
conducive to the treatment of patients with Down's is self –contradictory.
syndrome. d. Wittgenstein does not seem to be in the spirit of
d. Treatments of diseases related to genetics are usually relativism due to conservatism and intolerance of his
similar in most cases and have very littlevariation own moral shortcomings and Crude Relativism is
which is only in terms of the dosage of prescribed self-contradictory.
medicines.
(13) As I said, ontogeny, phylogeny, evolution, and
(12) In a world of contingency, one cannot prove that a particular metamorphosis are all tied in together as different
attitude is the correct one to take. If this suggests relativism, perspectives of the same whole. For every stage of growth or
it should be remembered that it too is just one more attitude transformation in the ontogenic life history, which is the
or point of view, and one without the rich tradition and same as saying every stage of mutation or novelty or
accumulated wisdom, philosophical reasoning and personal speciation in the phylogeny of each of the ontogenic
experience of, say, orthodox Christianity or Judaism. Indeed components, is a transmutation, a metamorphosis. And this
crude relativism, the universal judgment that one cannot whole process, whether one considers it directional or
make universal judgments, is self- contradictory. Whether random, is what is known as evolution, a curiously apt term
Wittgenstein's views suggest a more sophisticated form of from the metaphysical perspective - and inappropriate from
relativism is another matter, but the spirit of relativism the biological, because it implies the unravelling of all that is
seems far from Wittgenstein’s conservatism and absolute already pre-existent at the start (the word literally refers to
intolerance of his own moral shortcomings. Compare the the unrolling of a fern frond). Hence the Theosophical
tolerance that motivates relativism with Wittgenstein’s Diagram, the evolution of the soul, shown in terms of an
assertion to Russell that he would prefer “by far” an unfolding spiral. But because it is the same soul through

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 many lifetimes, it is also the ontogeny of the soul. states based on the accumulated experience of Indian
Choose an appropriate summary for the above passage society. These associations have yet to be either validated or
a. Ontogeny, phylogeny, evolution, and metamorphosis rejected, even in a culture-specific context, by application of
all have a common link; all of them are different modern psychometric tools.
views that contribute towards a larger picture, which Choose an appropriate summary for the above passage
is commonly understood to be evolution, an a. The range of human emotions that music is capable
appropriate term from the perspective of of communicating requires us to focus on the
metaphysics and inappropriate from the biological qualitative aspect of melodic structures which may
perspective, which leads to the depiction of the soul make raga closely linked to ‘rasa’.
in the form of a Theosophical Diagram. b. The range of human emotions that music is capable
b. Growth in the Ontogenic life history of an organism of communicating requires us to focus on the
can be considered as a mutation in the phylogeny of qualitative aspect of melodic structures which makes
the organism which is nothing but evolution. it necessary to understand the concept of ‘Rasa” and
c. Ontogeny, phylogeny, and metamorphosis are its link with qualitative aspects of melodic
connected to evolution though the connotation of structures.
evolution is contextual. c. The concept of ‘Rasa’ has been dealt with in Indian
d. Ontogeny, phylogeny, and metamorphosis are tradition, and it is necessary to understand its link
closely linked terms which imply growth and with Raga, in order to understand the nuances of the
transformation, while evolution which is also a range of human emotions.
closely linked term and similar in meaning, has the d. Raga and Rasa are closely linked as Raga is a
additional meaning of unraveling which is not to the melodic vehicle for the communication of human
liking of biologists. emotions and Rasa, as also its classification enables
us to understand the association of raga with various
(14) This leads to the proposition that a "raga" is a melodic emotional states.
representation of an emotional statement and a melodic
vehicle for its communication. But, since music is capable of
communicating a whole range of human emotions, we must (15) This week’s poem, ‘The Language School’, comes from Tim
reckon with a qualitative aspect of the emotional response Liardet’s fifth collection, The BloodChoir. The poem is set
that each melodic structure is associated with. The notion of in the unnamed young offenders’ institution where Liardet
a raga is, therefore, inseparably linked with the concept of was a tutor. It focuseson the man-made human hell of the
“rasa”, crudely translated as “the essence”. The Indian jail, with the animal hell of the “foot-and-mouth” epidemic,
aesthetic tradition bases its understanding of this aspect on alsolargely man-made, as a backdrop, but works the
the eight-way “rasa” classification of Bharata in the treatise language with such vibrancy and inventiveness
on the performing arts [Natyashastra: 200 BC]. Different thattransformation seems possible. Although Liardet’s
ragas are associated with different categories of emotional poetry is richly painterly in its love of the body’sdrama, and

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 his critique of “society” rarely spelled out, reform must be d. In the long run, the number of houses available for
where the arrow-shower of suchcommitted creative ambition rent will exceed the number of people looking for
ultimately falls. houses.
Choose an appropriate summary for the above passage
a. The poem, ‘The Language School’ creates a (17) Families whose generations have been involved in
painterly dramatic effect as a background for preserving paintings are not so much into this profession
theforeground of vibrant language which points because of their love for artwork. They have been nurtured
towards transformation and reform. and trained in this profession whereas independent restorers
b. The poem, ‘The Language School’ creates a of paintings adopt this profession precisely because of their
painterly dramatic effect as a background and love and passion for artwork. Even though certain families
talksabout the human hell of a jail which is the have been in this profession for years, it is the independent
young offender’s institution where the author was a painting restorers who are able to gain clientele much faster
tutor. than the experienced families. Hence, soon these families
c. The poem, ‘The Language School' creates a will have to look for alternative professions.
painterly dramatic effect. The poem talks about the Which of the following statements would most strengthen
human hell of jail against the backdrop of another the conclusion presented above?
man-made disaster. In his poem, Liarrdet a. The business of restoring paintings is an extremely
convincingly suggests the possibility of reforms and sensitive market where the client is deeply
transformation. concerned about the overall reputation of the
d. The purpose of the poem ‘The Language School’ restorer.
seems to be to create reform among the pupils of the b. Unlike independent restorers, families that are in the
‘Young offender’s institution’. business of restoring paintings for years have a
deeper understanding of painting styles and
(16) Housing property rentals in city A should go up even more. restoration techniques.
This will attract more landlords to rent out their houses, c. True patrons of art are more concerned about the
which in turn will improve the availability of houses in city quality of restoration rather than about who restores
A. Thus, bringing down the housing property rentals in the the painting.
long run. d. Unlike families that are driven by business,
Of the following, which is the assumption made in the above independent restorers are able to provide individual
paragraph? attention and custom restoration services to the
a. Rents are low at present. clients.
b. Landlords are interested only in rents.
c. Tenants are willing to pay more. (18) Children who consistently learn music or painting at an early
age demonstrate a deeper understanding of their environment
and are able to cope with their peers and seniors more

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 amicably. Due to this, educators believe that getting children d. Courts are not competent to decide upon the
to learn music or painting at an early age will increase and medically complicated matters.
hone their social skills.
Which of the following statements shows a flaw in the (20) With the increase in the number of vehicles in the city, the
reasoning presented above? government is trying hard to resolve issues related to
a. Children, who possess good social skills go for available space for parking vehicles in public areas. Around
learning music and painting. one thousand new vehicles add to the present traffic situation
b. Development of social skills depends on the daily. This causes further problems of traffic congestion. In
exposure that a child receives through interacting order to resolve the issues, the government has suggested the
and conversing with his parents, siblings, relatives, construction of underground and multi-level parking spaces
and friends. especially in and around market areas.
c. Social skills are essential for any child as they are Which of the following statements can be inferred from the
also responsible for shaping the personality of the above argument?
child. a. The government hopes to meet the present demand
d. Peers and seniors can also help students who feel for parking space especially in the congested areas
shy or uncomfortable while interacting with other at within the city.
school or outside of it. b. Some traffic from neighbouring towns is diverted to
pass through the city which creates additional traffic
(19) Mr. A is terminally ill. He is suffering from acute pain and congestion.
his condition is deteriorating with each passing day. Unable c. By providing additional parking space in areas in
to bear with his condition, he has requested for euthanasia. and around the market, the government is ignoring
Doctors attending to him have approved his case for mercy the greater need for parking space in residential
killing. However, the court has rejected the plea of Mr. A for areas.
mercy killing. d. Issues related to traffic congestion cannot be
Among the following options which could serve as the most resolved unless the government ensures that all
plausible reason for the court to turn down the plea of Mr. trafficrules are obediently followed by drivers and
A? pedestrians.
a. There is another group of doctors, which does not
agree with the recommendations made by thedoctors
attending to Mr. A.
b. There are some cases where people suffering from a
similar disease have recovered completely.
c. There are some practitioners of alternative medicine
who claim that they can cure Mr. A.

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 Identify the correct option as per the questions given below
28. PARTS OF SPEECH
1. Which of the following words is an example of a preposition?
1. Noun: Words that are used to name persons, things, animals, places, (A)into (B)if (C)many (D)you
ideas, or events.
Example: Rajesh is a doctor.
2. Which of the following words is an example of an interjection?
(A)soon` (B)when (C)ouch (D)within
2. Pronoun: A pronoun is a word that can be used as a replacement for a
noun. Some examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we,
they, theirs, and ours. 3. Which of the following words is an example of a conjunction?
Example: Priya is a talkative person. She chats a lot with her friends. (A)and (B)run (C)below (D)her

3. Adjective: This part of a speech is used to describe a noun or a pronoun. 4. Which of the following words is an example of a verb?
Adjectives specify the quality, the size, and the number of nouns or (A)tastes (B)late (C)not (D)slowly
pronouns.
Example: It is a beautiful painting. 5. Which of the following words is an example of an adjective?
(A)Ralph (B)below (C)fifteen (D)wait
4. Verb: It is a word that shows an action or the state of being of the subject
in a sentence. Choose the answer that identifies the part of speech of the capitalized
Example: I wrote a poem. word in the given sentences
6. The usher CLOSED the door.
5. Adverb: Just like adjectives, adverbs are also used to describe words, but (A)noun (B)pronoun (C)verb (D)adverb
the difference is that adverbs describe adjectives, verbs, or another adverb.
Example: Vijay ran swiftly. 7. Farmers had VERY poor crops this year
(A)adjective (B)pronoun (C)verb (D)adverb
6. Preposition: This part of a speech basically refers to words that specify
location or a location in time.
Example: Prem is standing behind Arun.
8. EVERYONE met at the field house.
(A) noun (B)pronoun (C)adjective (D)adverb
7. Conjunction: It is a part of speech which joins words, phrases, or clauses
together. 9. Have you heard the GOOD news?
Example: Ram and Ashwin are cricketers. (A) noun (B)pronoun (C)verb (D)adjective

8. Interjection: This part of a speech which refers to words which express 10. The cat knocked a vase OFF the shelf.
emotions. (A)adjective (B)pronoun (C)verb (D)preposition
Example: Ouch! That must have been extremely painful.
In the following questions, a single word has been used in multiple
forms, identify the parts of speech in each sentence.

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11. BACK pudding.
She backed me up when my resources were down. When Arenus Steels found out that the press had received wind of
I lay on my back since my hips were paining. their losses, the tried to square the press.
(A) verb, adverb (B) adjective, noun (A) preposition, adverb (B) adjective, adverb
(C) verb, noun (D)noun, preposition (C) verb, verb (D)adverb, verb

12. BEST 17. ZIGZAG

I refuse to allow myself to be bested, I am going to continue The river zigzags through the countryside.
working hard. The birds flew zigzag across the blue sky.
I only buy things I like best. (A) adverb, adverb (B) verb, adverb
(A) verb, verb (B) adjective, verb (C) noun, verb (D)adverb, verb
(C) verb, noun (D)verb, adverb
18. WRONG
13. COUNTER He feels that you are in the wrong.
She had a very strong counter for every argument that was We made the decision based on wrong assumptions.
presented. (A) adverb, adverb (B) adjective, pronoun
We started running in the counter clockwise direction after the the (C) noun, adjective (D)noun, preposition
first three laps
(A) adverb, adverb (B) adjective, pronoun 19. TRUE
(C) noun, adjective (D)noun, preposition Pythagoras was the first true mathematician.
It is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground
14. STILL whatever for supposing it to be true.
They faced several severe problems, but still they persisted. (A) conjunction, noun (B) adjective, adjective
The stillness of the scene gave a foreboding sense of what was to (C) verb, adverb (D)noun, preposition
come.
(A) conjunction, noun (B) preposition, adverb 20. STEADY
(C) verb, adverb (D)noun, preposition Don't shoot immediately, first steady yourself.
Despite the heavy burden on his shoulders, he walked steadily.
15. SHORT (A) verb, adverb (B) verb, adjective
We were wondering why it did not switch on and then realized the (C) pronoun, noun (D)noun, preposition
circuit had shorted out.
He had an extremely curt disposition and was often quite short 21. SOLO
with his colleagues. For an introvert like himself, flying solo must be his choice of
(A) verb, adverb (B) verb, adjective preference.
(C) pronoun, noun (D)noun, preposition The initial guitar solo made my ears bleed.
(A)ad verb, noun (B) adjective, noun
16. SQUARE (C) verb, noun (D)noun, preposition
Though I had asked for a circular cake, I received a square shaped

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 22. BITTER Continuous I was eating pizza I am eating pizza I will be eating
The bitterness of the truth usually blinds people to it. when you right now pizza when you
The coffee was so bitter that I could barely swallow it. arrived arrive
(A) adverb, adverb (B) verb, adverb S + 'am/is/are' +
(C) noun, verb (D)noun, adjective S + was/were + (V+'ing') + O S + 'will be' +
(V+'ing') + O (V+'ing') + O
23. DOUBLE I had eaten all of I have eaten all of I will have eaten
Perfect
His first job in Hollywood was as a double for Clark Gable.
the pizza when the pizza all of the pizza
The population has doubled in the past 50 years.
you arrived by the time you
(A) adverb, adverb (B) adjective, pronoun S + 'have/has' + V arrive
(C) noun, verb (D)noun, preposition S + 'had' + V + O +O
S + 'will have' +
24. DOWN V+O
My niece can down two bottles of juice in one sitting.
I can't work because the computer is down. Perfect I had been eating I have been eating I will have been
(A) verb, adjective (B) adjective, pronoun Continuous pizza for 2 hours pizza for 2 hours eating pizza for
(C) noun, adjective (D)noun, preposition when you arrived 2 hours when
S + 'have/has been' you arrive
25. EXPRESS S + 'had been' + + (V+'ing') + O'
Her expressive face could barely conceal her disappointment. (V+'ing' ) + O S + 'will have
There is one express that runs between Mumbai and Pune twice a been' + (V +
day. 'ing') + O.
(A) adjective, noun (B) verb, pronoun
(C) noun, noun (D)noun, pronoun S - Subject, V - Verb, O – Object

IDENTIFY THE TENSE OF THE VERBS IN THE FOLLOWING

29. TENSES AND USAGE OF TENSES SENTENCES
The following table explains the 12 forms of tense. 1. She is teaching her students.
(A) present perfect continuous tense (B)Future continuoustense
PAST PRESENT FUTURE (C) present continuous tense (D) past perfect continuous tense

Simple I ate pizza I eat pizza I will eat pizza 2. We have been waiting for them.
yesterday everyday tomorrow (A) Future continuous tense (B) simple present tense
(C) present continuous tense (D) present perfect continuous tense
S+V+O S+V+O S + 'will' +V + O
3. He eats with his left hand.
(A) simple present tense (B) present continuous tense

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 (C) present perfect tense (D) past perfect continuous tense 14. He here for the last five years
(A) worked (B)is working (C)has been working (D)works
4. We have learnt our lessons.
(A) past perfect tense (B) past perfect continuous tense 15. When he lived in Hyderabad, he to the cinema once a week.
(C) present perfect tense (D) Future continuous tense (A) goes (B)went (C)was going (D)will be going

5. He has had his breakfast. 16. The Headmaster to speak to you.

(A) present perfect tense (B) present continuous tense (A) will (B)is (C)is wanting (D)wants
(C) past perfect tense (D) past perfect continuous tense
17. The child from pneumonia since last week.
6. The chief guest addressed the gathering. (A)suffers (B)has suffered (C)will suffer(D) has been suffering
(A) simple present tense (B) present perfect continuous tense
(C) Future continuous tense (D) simple past tense 18. Aida her room for the past hour.
(A) Paint (B)has painted (C)has been painting (D)paints
7. They had been walking.
(A) present continuous tense(B) past perfect continuous tense 19. Warren badminton since primary school.
(C) simple present tense (D) past continuous tense (A) has been playing (B)plays (C) played (D) playing

8. They will have learnt their lessons. 20. The eldest brother the family since his father passed away.
(A)past perfect tense (B) past continuous tense (A)supports (B) is supporting
(C) future perfect tense (D) simple present (C) was supporting (D)has been supporting

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE APPROPRIATE TENSE 21. Heat and cold .
(A) will expand...will contract
9. The earth round the sun (B) expands...contracts
(A)moves (B)move (C)moved (D)will move (C) expanded...contracted
(D) will be expanding...will be contracting
10. I him only one letter up to now.
(A)sent (B)have sent (C)send (D) have send 22. John usually coffee in the morning, but today he tea.
(A) drinks...drank (B) drinking...drink
11. She worried about something. (C) drank...drank (D)drinking...drank
(A)looks (B)looking (C)is looking (D)has looked
23. He her for two years now, but he to her yet
12. He fast when the accident happened. (A) courting...has not been proposing
(A)is driving (B) drives (C)was driving (D)drove (B) will be courting...had not proposed
(C) has courted...has not proposed
13. I'm sure I him at the party last night. (D) has courted...not propose
(A) saw (B)have seen (C)had seen (D)seeing

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 24. Mary told him what ______ to his dog, so he ______ home to 5. The garden was ruined by the storm.
check on it.
(A) will happen...will run (B) happening...run 6. The news reader is reading the news
(C) happened...runs (D)had happened...ran
7. This sum was explained to us by our senior.
25. The birds ______ in the trees, and there ______ not a cloud in the
sky. 8. The sun rises in the east.
(A) are singing..is (B) sing...are
(C) were singing...is (D) sings...is 9. I love chocolate.

30.ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE 10. According to the police records, the knife was bought by Clara at
12:00pm.

Active voice: Convert the following sentences in active voice into passive voice
A verb is in the Active Voice when its form shows that the person or thing
denoted by the Subject does something or in other words is the doer of the 11. Sophie has put up with her friends for most of her childhood.
action.
The Active Voice is so called because the person denoted by the subject 12. Anita hosted a lovely get-together last night.
acts.
Eg: Ram helps Hari. 13. The wind blew away all the flowers.

Passive voice: 14. Shut the door.

A verb is in the Passive Voice when its form shows that something is done
to the person or thing denoted by the Subject. 15. Never forget what I told you.
The Passive voice is so called because the person or thing denoted by the
subject is not active but passive, that is, suffers or receives some action. Convert the following sentences in passive voice into active voice
Eg: Hari is helped by Ram.
16. That Clara was very talented was a general perception.
Identify the voice of the following sentences.
1. The grass is green. 17. Loud behaviourism not liked by my grandparents.

2. Harish hit the ball. 18. Let the remains of this ancient civilization be undisturbed.

3. My hair was cut by the barber. 19. Donations were made by many people.

4. The walls were painted yesterday. 20. The light was reflected by the jewels.

Change the voice of the following sentences

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 21. If you can balance a ball on a spoon, you can win the game. Identify the degree of the adjectives in the following sentences as
Positive, Comparative or Superlative
22. This sentence was given as an example for active voice by the
1. Stan is a very clever boy.
teacher.
Clever -
23. The police caught the thief who stole the purse.
2. Although Hari is tall, Giree is taller.
Tall -
24. Do not leave the cat alone, otherwise it will eat the bird.
Taller -
25. I always felt that Timothy was a liar.
3. Eventually it will become a game of survival of the richest.
Richest -
31.DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF
4. Cotton is cheaper than Silk but it is not as beautiful as Silk.
ADJECTIVES Cheaper -
Beautiful -
Adjectives have three degrees of comparison
a) Positive 5. Though the leopard is one of the fastest animals, it is not more nimble
b) Comparative than the Deer.
c) Superlative Fastest -
Nimble -
Positive:
The positive degree of an adjective is the adjective in its simple form. It is 6. Nivan came last in the race.
used to denote the mere existence of some quality of what we speak about. Last -
It is used when no comparison is made.
eg: These mangoes are sweet. 7. The TajMahal is the most splendid building I have ever seen.
Splendid –
Comparative:
Convert the adjectives in the following sentences from Comparative or
The comparative degree of an adjective denotes a higher degree of the Superlative to Positive.
quality than the Positive, and is used when two things (or sets of things) are
compared. 8. Of all the dresses, this is one the most beautiful dresses in the store.
eg: These mangoes are sweeter than those mangoes.
9. After having reviewed her interview performance, I am of the opinion
Superlative: that Katrina is the best candidate for the role.
The superlative degree of an adjective denotes the highest degree of the
quality, and is used when more than two things (or sets of things) are 10. Your grandmother has the most sensitive sense of taste, so please add
compared. the least amount of dressing to the salad.
eg: These are the sweetest mangoes.

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 11. This is the most popular brand of jeans because it is made of the most 23. Don't you think it is surprising that a lot of good actors have not
durable material which is a weave of nylon and denim. received an Oscar yet?

12. You have made the worst decision of your life. 24. Ebola is an extremely contagious disease, which is why it spread to
most of the western countries.
13. Despite having the best teachers in the country, this school has the
lowest attendance percentage. 25. I find Giree to be trustworthy and I would trust him to give a good
speech
Convert the adjectives in the following sentences from Positive or
Superlative to Comparative 32. MODAL AUXILIARY VERB
14. This soup is bad, which is a surprise because this is one of the best
restaurants in the city. A modal auxiliary verb is an auxiliary verb that expresses necessity or
possibility. English modal verbs
15. I don't think you should fire Anita, she was the best employee last include must, shall, will, should, would, can, could, may, and might.
month.
Fill in the blanks with the correct modal auxiliary verbs
16. He is intelligent and he knows it, which is the reason why he is the
most obnoxious person. 1. The people knelt in front of the young prince who _____ someday rule
the country.
17. This is the easiest exercise I have ever done.
2. How many people ______ get into such a tiny car?
18. King Dominique was a merciful man, though he was not as
wealthy as the other kings. 3. Excuse me ma’am, _____ I come in?

19. It is important that you study instead of wasting your time on 4. Let’s go for a movie, _____ we?
useless activities.
5. She really ______ to apologize for her behaviour.
Convert the adjectives in the following sentences from Positive or
Comparative to Superlative Directions for questions 6 to 10: Fill in the blanks with the correct
20. This is my favourite ice-cream parlour because they have exotic modal auxiliary verbs
flavours.
Earlier this year, Preeta __(6)__ move out of her relative’s house because
21. It is a little spooky that even good brands have not been able to she did not have a job. But now that she has found a job, she realized that
show profits over the past few years, maybe it is a hint that worse living at home __(7)__ drive her relatives and her crazy. Unfortunately, it's
is yet to come. not so easy to find to find an apartment in the city. Without an agent or a
property consultant, one __(8)__ not be able to find all the available listings
22. If I had wings, I would fly through the dark nights to the high and sign a lease. Until her recent birthday, she couldn’t sign a lease, but
mountain peaks. now she __(9)__ because she is twenty-one. She approached a packing

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agency to move her belongings because she knew that she __(10)__ fit all 21. He can play a lot of sports but he _____ play tennis.
of it into her little car.
22. You _______ eat a lot of fruits and vegetables because they are healthy.
Directions for questions 11 to 15: Choose the right alternative from the
given options 23. I do not ______ your help.

11. I have got/has got a nice house. 24. He _______ go to office because he fell sick.

12. They have got/has got a pet dog. 25. Today, the weather was horrible. The weather _______ be
better tomorrow
13. You mustn’t/can’t speak abusively to your sister.
33. PREPOSITIONS AND ARTICLES
14. You must/can keep your room clean.
Fill in the following sentences with appropriate articles
15. If you try hard, you can/must pass the exam.
1. He travelled over 180km on foot in under couple of weeks.
Directions for questions 16 to 20: Fill in the blanks with appropriate (a) a (b) an (c) the (d) no article
modal auxiliary verbs
16. She had been working for more than 10 hours straight. She ____ be 2. The newest play on Broadway is wonderful take on 'Alice in
tired after such long hours of work. She ___ prefer to get some rest. Wonderland'.
(a) a (b) an (c) the (d) no article
1) will, may 2) must, may 3) shall, can 4) will, can
3. There is always room for growth, so long as one wants to improve.
17. I _____ speak Tamil fluently when I was a child as we lived in Chennai. (a) a (b) an (c) the (d) no article
But after we moved to Delhi, I had very little exposure to the language.
Now, I ___ just say a few things in the language. 4. The museum has been generating a lot of interest lately in literary
circles because their latest addition, the Sarcophagus of Ka Mun
1) can, can 2) could, could 3) can, could 4) could, can Rah is interesting acquisition.

18. The teacher informed the students that they ____ read this book for their 5. Of course we were going to miss the flight! He had chosen to reach
own pleasure as it was optional. But they_______have to read it if they the airport hour late!
didn't want to.
6. The police could get no other details from the witness, she had
1) must, needn’t 2) can, need 3) could, needn’t 4) shall, need seen European but could not remember how he looked.

19. _______ you stand upside down? No, I_____. 7. Are you planning to come to Swetha's house tomorrow? She's
hosting party.
20. You ______ leave small objects lying around. Such objects ____ be (a) no article...the
swallowed by children. (b) the...a

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 (c) no article...no article 17. We were driving 110km/hr when the police van caught up us.
(d) no article...a (a)at...with (b)no preposition...on
(c)on...no preposition (d)for...with
8. It is absolutely appalling to think that such unique person had to go
through such difficult life. 18. I was sitting the cafe when it rained, so I didn't get caught the rain.
(a) a...a (a) besides...by (b) by...for (c) in...in (d)in...no-preposition
(b)no article...the
(c)a...no article 19. After the meeting he agreed my demands; however he disagreed
(d)an...a the issue of our attrition rate.
(a) with...with (b) to...on (c) for...to (d) with...on
9. Sophie's counselling services are expensive affair because she
charges by hour. 20. My family has lived the same house ages.
(a) an...a (b)an...the (c)no article...an (d) an...a (a) by...since (b) in...since (c) at...for (d) in...for

10. Having walked through the dense vegetation for weeks on end, the 21. The strain was clear Clara’s face, she had put a lot of effort this
sight of forest sickened them, but the compass still pointed north. project.
(a) the...the (b) the...no article (c) a...a (d) the...a (a) on...in (b) into...into (c) on...into (d) of...in

Fill in the following sentences with appropriate prepositions 22. You’re rock music? I was always the impression that you like
jazz.
11. After payment, you'll receive the product 10 business days. (a) on...in (b) under...under (c) with...with (d) into...under
(a) within (b) in (c) by (d)for
23. I usually prefer coffee tea, but I'll make an exception justyou.
12. We took a day off and drove the coast. (a)over...for (b) than...to (c)to...for (d)besides...on
(a) on (b)besides (c) through (d)along
24. Have you read the article Outlook magazine Reliance?
13. Had we left at 9:00am, we would've reached the theatre now. (a) on...on (b) on...in (c)in...on (d) in...by
(a) on (b) no preposition (c) for (d)by
25. I stayed the Grand Hotel my stay New York.
14. Since I have no prior experience, I’m a disadvantage. (a) at...during...in (b) at...for...in (c) at...in...in (d) in...during...at
(a) at (b) of (c) on (d) for

15. This alloy consists gold and palladium.

34. CONJUNCTIONS
(a) with (b) of (c)no preposition (d)for
Fill in the following sentences with appropriate conjunctions.
16. This amount constitutes less than 10% of the overall research fund
expenditure. 1. You need to work hard you want to pass the exam.
(a) of (b) for (c) no preposition (d) on (a) then (b)if (c)and (d)as if

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2. she did well in the interview, she did not get the job. 13. I will go there(A)for / (B)provided that you go too.
(a) although (b)if (c)as (d)because We can leave (A)when / (B)though you are ready.
(a)AB (b)BB (c) BA (d)AA
3. I like chocolate not vanilla.
(a) and (b) but (c) only (d) or 14. I had a headache (A)when / (B)so I didn’t go to the party.
You can have a coffee (A)or / (B)till a tea but not both.
4. Anita was late to office her bike had broken down on the way. (a)AB (b)BB (c) AA (d)BA
(a) and (b) though (c) only (d) as
15. You cannot go into that bar (A)provided that /(B)unless you are 18
5. The bell sounds, you have to start running as fast as possible. or older.
(a) when (b)as soon as (c) since (d) while She still went to work (A)even though /(B)until she was sick.
(a)AB (b)BB (c) AA (d)BA
6. Anita did not qualify for the second round despite her intense
preparation, Anish, who barely prepared made it to the finals. 16. Don’t call me (A)unless / (B)while you have finished your work.
(a) but (b) and (c) whereas (d)since (A)Despite / (B)Whereas the bad weather, they decided to have a
picnic.
7. You are free to make your own choices you are willing to face the (a)AB (b)BB (c) AA (d)BA
consequences.
(a) if (b) and (c) provided that (d) since 17. Wash your hands (A)till/ (B)before you eat your dinner.
I did not have the correct visa. (A)As / (B)Consequently could not
8. I can’t come to school __________ I have an important enter the country.
appointment. (a)AB (b)BB (c) AA (d)BA
(a)so (b)because (c) unless (d) since
18. I had a shower (A)but / (B)as soon as I got home.
9. I will call you __________ I get home. (A)If / (B)so you don’t work hard you won’t get a promotion.
(a) as (b) and (c) when (d) by (a)AB (b)BB (c) AA (d)BA

10. __________ you do your homework, you won't pass the course. 19. You won’t get a promotion (A)unless / (B)because you work hard.
(a) unless (b) until (c)as long as (d) when (A)However / (B)Although we had no money, we still had a good
time.
11. I wanted to eat Japanese food __________ my wife wanted to eat (a)AB (b)BB (c) AA (d)BA
Chinese food.
(a) so (b) when (c) whereas (d) as 20. We ate a pizza (A)but / (B)and a kebab.
We had some cake(A)until / (B)but we didn’t have any coffee.
12. They went running (A) even though/ (B)for it was very hot. (a)AB (b)BB (c) BA (d)AA
We went to the movies (A) as soon as /(B)because it was raining.
(a)AB (b)BB (c) BA (d)AA 21. My mother my father will be able to make it to the party,my
brother I will be coming.

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 (a) nor...although...and (b) and...though...as well as Eg: Tina went shopping today.
(c) nor...but...and (d) and...but...and
Tina-Subject
22. If we have the money in order the situation is conducive we could went shopping – predicate
allocate extra money for the project.
(a) and if...then (b)and...when COMPOUND SENTENCE
(c) since...then (d) if...when
A sentence which is made up of Principal or Main clauses is known as a
Compound sentence. These Principal clauses are capable of being
23. Had he studied for the exams taken all the revisions seriously, he independent sentences by themselves and they are joined by a conjunction
would have come out with flying colours the paper was tough.
to form a compound sentence.
(a) and...if (b)but...even if
(c) and...even if (d) rather than...if only Eg: The road was smooth and we drove fast.

24. I like milk, butter, cream and yoghurt, _______, I don’t like The road was smooth - Principal clause
cheese, I've never really liked pizza. and – conjunction
(a)so...so (b)and...therefore We drove fast - Principal Clause
(c) and...and (d)but...so
COMPLEX SENTENCE
25. his dire circumstances, he will not work he is told to. A sentence with one Main clause and one or more subordinates clauses is
(a) even though...till (b) despite...until known as a Complex Sentence. A subordinate clause is one which cannot
(c) Although...until (d) inspite of...till stand as an independent sentence.
Eg: As the boxers advanced into the ring, the people started to protest
against the match.
35. TYPES OF SENTENCES As the boxers advanced into the ring - Subordinate clause
the people started to protest against the match - Principal clause
SUBJECT: The person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being
something. IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AS SIMPLE,
COMPLEX OR COMPOUND.
PREDICATE: The part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and 1. The Prussians did not take the defeat well.
stating something about the subject.
2. While Rina waited for the bus, she read a good book.
There are three types of sentences
a) Simple 3. Last weekend we watched a movie and a play.
b) Compound
c) Complex 4. I really want to go to the concert but I fractured my leg.

SIMPLE SENTENCE 5. He did not cheat on the test because it was not the right thing to do.
A simple sentence has only one subject and one predicate

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 6. The Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman stood up in a corner and 17. Convert the following simple sentences into a complex sentence.
kept quiet all night, although of course they could not sleep. He confessed his crime.

7. When she was younger, she believed in fairy tales 18. Convert the following simple sentence into a complex sentence.
Lincoln did not go to school during his childhood.
8. I think, I want some ice-cream.
19. Convert the following simple sentence into a complex sentence.
CONVERT THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AS DIRECTED. Despite the tremendous workload, our employees are enjoying
9. Convert the following simple sentences into a complex sentence. their work.
The tornado hit the city. Most people were left homeless.
IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPAL CLAUSE AND SUBORDINATE
10. Convert the following simple sentences into a compound sentence. CLAUSE IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
The drought was over. King Ronald's reign had come to an end.
20. When he saw the lion, the hunter climbed up a tree.
11. Convert the following simple sentence into a complex sentence.
He bought his Uncle's factory. 21. Everyone was busy, so I went to the movie alone.

12. Convert the following complex sentence into a compound 22. There was no ice cream in the freezer, nor did they have money to
sentence. go to the store.
The museum was interesting, just as I expected it to be.
23. I would have gotten the promotion, but my attendance wasn’t good
13. Convert the following compound sentence into simple sentences. enough.
He did not want to go to the dentist but he went anyway.
24. I have to save this coupon since I don’t have time to shop right
14. Convert the following compound sentence into a complex now.
sentence.
Take care of the pennies and the pounds will take care of 25. I think I will buy the red car, or I will lease the blue one
themselves.
36. SENTENCE COMPLETION
15. Convert the following complex sentence into a compound
sentence.
SENTENCE FORMATION/ PLAYING
My watch, which had been missing, was soon found. WITH SENTENCES
16. Convert the following compound sentence into a complex Directions for questions 1 to 7: Each question below contains a number
sentence. of sentences. Each sentence has pairs ofword(s)/phrases that are
Apply for 20 colleges and chances are, you'll get shortlisted for at highlighted. From the highlighted word(s)/phrase(s), select the most
least 7 of them. appropriate word(s)/phrase(s) to form correct sentences. Then, from
the options given, choose the best one.

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1. iii. His next novel is about a famous (A) coquette/(B) croquette who
i. The tsunami wreaked (A) / wrought (B) havoc on Tamil Nadu’s lived in Berlin in the early 1900s.
coast. iv. The generals led a(A) coup/(B) coop against the king.
ii. Capital is a stimulant (A) / stimulus (B) to any new business. v. All the members on the executive board (A) excoriated/(B)
iii. Pick-pocketing must not be considered a petit (A) petite (B) crime. excreted him for his lack of vision and knowledge.
iv. Past judgments of court cases act as precedence (A) / precedents (1) ABBAB (2) BABBA (3) BBABA (4) BAAAA
(B) for current and as well as future judicial decisions.
v. She told me the opposite from (A) / of (B) what I expected her to say. 5.
(1) BAAAB (2) BBBAA (3) ABAAB (4) ABABB i. The dark clouds auger (A)/ augur (B) some inclement weather.
ii. As soon as her manager gave his assent (A)/ ascent (B), Tina
2. called her colleagues to relay the good news.
i. The employees were unaffected (A) / disaffected (B) by the iii. The seeds of the ambition were sewn (A)/ sown (B) right from his
attrition but theoutput of the factory remained unaffected (A)/ childhood days.
disaffected (B). iv. A punishment this hard will only entice (A)/ incite (B) the rebels
ii. The Gulf countries must import most of the timber (A) / timbre (B) to plot something vengeful against the king.
they need for construction. v. The fans hackled (A)/ heckled (B) the players who did not
iii. He was amiable (A) / amicable (B) to all requests from the people perform well.
in his neighborhood. (1) BBBBB (2) ABBAA (3) BAAAA (4) BABBB
iv. Some insects and animals are insensate (A) / insensitive (B) to
radiation. 6.
(1) ABABA (2) AAABB (3) BAAAB (4) BABBB i. The security agencies promised that they would never exceed
(A)/accede (B) to the terrorist’s outrageous demands.
3. ii. Prophet Mohammad was a great(A) seer/sear (B) in his day.
i. On our way back, we (A) hunched/(B) hitched a ride in a van. iii. The assistant ably complimented(A)/ complemented (B)his
ii. The gang (A)/ gangue (B) was discarded on the streets, left to be manager.
carried by garbage trucks to the city dump-yard. iv. Whenever in doubt, Pratik sought the council (A)/ counsel (B)of
iii. Paul told Priya that he originally hailed (A) / haled (B) from his father.
Florida, but had recently moved to California. v. The wave’s surge (A)/ serge (B) carried the surfboard forward and
iv. That was an unnecessary gibe (A)/ jibe (B) about his career; he ill deeper into the sea.
deserved it. (1) BABBA (2) ABABA (3) AABAA (4) ABBAA
v. I ask you not to meddle (A) / medal (B) in John’s affairs!
(1) BBAAB (2) BBABA (3) BABBA (4) ABBAB 7.
(2) i. The defense lawyer was able to cite (A)/site (B) many previous
incidents to support his case.
4. ii. He pronounced her name wrongly (A) / wrong (B).
i. The chair creeked (A) / creaked (B) in protest as the fat lady sat on iii. The Indian team threshed (A) / thrashed (B) out a strategy for
it. winning the World Cup.
ii. As it grew cold, my son (A) cuddled/(B) curdled his teddy bear iv. Aurangzeb’sjealous (A) / zealous (B)feelings made him kill his
close. brothers.

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 v. The hotel included a swimming pool, gym and a luxuriant (A) 4) Presenting their home country as a poverty-stricken place has
/ luxurious (B) spa. become a means of getting quick popularity for Indian based authors
(1) AABBB (2) AABAB (3) AAABB (4) ABABB living abroad.

Directions for questions 8 to 15: 10. Most people know what socialism is at its most fundamental level.
Simply put, socialism is the idea that everyone in a society receives equal
Complete the paragraph most appropriately using the best option. shares of the benefits derived from its labour and capital. Socialism is
designed to allow the poor people to rise up the ladder and therefore achieve
8. Censorship is a subtle thing in the sense that it operates out of sight, out the financial and social status equal to that of the middle-class landowners
of awareness, and taking things out of our world makes it really easy for and the upper-class people. In order for everyone to achieve equality,
any brief spurts of attention to die natural deaths. Yet there is a paradox in wealth is redistributed so that the members of the upper class are brought
our perceptions. We imagine censorship as something that would jar us, down to the same financial and social level as the middle class or poor.
stop words abruptly. While possible, it is usually not like this. Ideas going Socialism also requires that all means of production be controlled by the
missing in the world paradoxically enclose us in these tiny cocoons of state. ______________________
fantasies: that we can say what we like. ____________________.
1) We are not aware of what is missing. 1) In other words, there are very few individuals or private business
2) We forget that there are things that cannot be said. owners and they have to share the proceeds of their business with
3) Censorship is a continuous thing. the state.
4) And make no mistake, that view is quite censored. 2) Therefore, the state redistributes all the wealth and aspires to create
financial equality among its citizens.
9. There is much to appreciate in Arvind Adiga’s new novel ‘The White 3) Therefore, one could say that socialism is the antithesis of
Tiger’, a witty take on India's changing society, yet there is much to ponder. capitalism.
The scales have fallen from the eyes of some Indian writers, primarily those 4) Hence, in a socialist economy, no one can own his own business
who are either living abroad or are educated there like Adiga. Their enterprise or produce his goods or services because it is the state
homeland, India, is invariably presented as a place of injustice and that owns everything.
corruption, one in which the poor are always dispossessed and victimized
by their age-old enemies, the rich. Characters at the colourful extremities of 11. Few companies incite such extreme emotions as Verita Agritech INC.
society are Dickensian grotesques, adrift in a country that is lurching To its critics, the agricultural giant is a modern-day version of the
rapidly towards bland middle-class normality. Dickensian miser Ebenezer Scrooge, using science to create foods that
__________________________ threaten the health of the people, and intellectual-property laws to squeeze
every last penny out of the world’s poor. _________.
1) India is a country which for centuries has served as a spiritual guide 1) The list of Verita’s sins dates back to 2004 when it manufactured a
for the world. chemical fertilizer notorious for its harmful effects.
2) My belief is that it is fundamentally an outsider’s view and a 2) It is still unclear whether Verita is a sinner or saint.
superficial one. 3) To its admirers, the innovations made by Verita in agriculture are
3) The author is a modern-day genius for having written such a path- absolutely essential in tackling the global food crisis.
breaking book. 4) However, without the kind of technological innovations that Verita
has achieved, the agricultural industry around the world has no
chance of increasing output.

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 musicals, movies are turned into Broadway shows and even, by the
12. India's problem is not lack of knowledge but the lack of successful ugly method known as “novelization”, into books as well. We live ina
transition from research-based knowledge to sustainable commerciality. Of world of such transformations and metamorphoses.
the top ten solar energy companies across the globe, four are Chinese. If ________________________
India does not scale up in terms of research in the field of solar energy then
ten years down the line India may end up buying it from Chinese (1) Ricky Gervais turns into Steve Carell, just as, long ago, the British
companies. India needs to sustain economic growth of 8 to 9 percent and working-class racist Alf Garnettin ‘Till Death Us Do Part’ turned
protect the environment as well. ___________. into the American blue-collar bigot Archie Bunker in ‘All In the
Family’.
(1) Environment and development go hand in hand. (2) Good movies - ‘Lolita’, ‘The Pink Panther’ - are remade as bad
(2) Hence, there should be a balance between research and movies; bad movies - ‘The Incredible Hulk’, ‘Deep Throat’ - are
development. remade as even worse movies.
(3) Hence, one of the challenges is to look for talented youth in the (3) British reality programmes are adapted to suit American audiences
field of environment. as well; ‘Pop Idol’ becomes ‘American Idol’ when it crosses the
(4) India needs to find a middle way. Atlantic.
(4) Strictly, ‘Come Dancing’ becomes ‘Dancing With the Stars’ - a
13. That the risk-taking end of the financial industry is dominated by men programme which, it may interest you to know, invited me to
is unarguable. But does it discriminate against women merely because they appear on it last season, an invitation I declined.
are women? Well, it might. But a piece of research just published in the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests an alternative— 15. The Booker is a prize awarded by the British literary establishment
that it is not a person’s sex, per se, that is the basis for discrimination, but according to its value system; yet the book that receives it becomes, in our
the level of his or her testosterone. ___________. country, the most important book of its time. The question is: why do we
have to wholeheartedly accept their valuation and dismiss the response of
(1) Besides being a sex hormone, testosterone also governs appetite for readers in this country? Even Salman Rushdie, that most international of
risk. writers, says that the readers you write for are the people you are writing
about. But the Booker — undoubtedly an important literary prize — has
(2) Men are, hence, more likely than women to choose a risky job in become so important to us that while we ignore the prizes given in our
finance. country, discussions about the Booker long list, and then about the shortlist
go on for months. ________________________
(3) Women and men with the same levels of testosterone generally (1) In our country, the obsession with ‘labels' is what helps us to
demonstrate dissimilar risk preferences. metaphorically spell out our latent desire for recognition from the
so-called ‘white- elite’.
(4) The developmental effects of testosterone on the brain determine (2) To talk of subversion makes it seem that Indian Writing in English
the appetite for risk. (IWE) still thinks of Europe or America as its centre.
(3) The fault lies with the readers as they prefer reading the books that
14. Adaptation, the process by which one thing develops into another receive an international prize over the ones that receive domestic
thing, by which one shape or form changes into a different form, is a honours.
commonplace artistic activity. Books are turned into plays and films all (4) This makes it hard to accept the argument that winning the Booker
the time, plays are turned into movies and also sometimes into is an act of subversion.

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Instructions for questions 16 to 20: Four sentences labeled A, B, C, and 19.
D are given in random order. Three of these sentences belong to the (A) The dependence on subsidies squeezes government spends on
same paragraph and can be arranged logically to form a coherent critical infrastructure, technology, and credit, in the absence of
paragraph. One of the sentences does not fit into this paragraph. which farmers use inefficient methods of cultivation.
Choose the ODD sentence for your answer. (B) India's current policies for the agriculture sector are geared towards
short-term solutions and revenue expenditure rather than long-term
16. capital investment solutions.
(A) When people use pirated books, the publisher and the author often (C) This pattern is typical of most of our farm commodities such as
are worse off – they lose earnings from selling the book. pulses and edible oilseeds whose demand has been rising faster
(B)And, in any case, we are now a long way from the standard cases than supply, adding to food inflation.
of stealing. (D) Rejuvenating India's agriculture sector, which provides livelihood
(C)I am better off but she is worse off. to nearly 60% of the workforce, needs to be made central to the
(D) If I steal someone’s book the old-fashioned way, I have the book, inclusive growth endeavour.
and the original owner no longer does.
20.
17. (A) So it is absolutely necessary to ensure that your foot doesn't find a
(A) But it is also puzzling. place in your mouth at the workplace, especially around the people
(B) As if this wasn’t bad enough, the banks, reportedly, will be able to you report to.
use government money to write down the value of mortgages, (B) When you are interacting with the boss, the most trivial thinking-
which amounts to subsidizing them to pay their own meaningless aloud moment can turn into a nightmare - who knows how your
fines. words would be interpreted.
(C) Why would the administration continue to bend over backwards to (C) Tell your boss that you are prepared to do the task but that you
be lenient towards top bankers under these circumstances? may require assistance or guidance.
(D) In fact, the Obama administration’s settlement with the mortgage (D) Agreed, telling off your boss is a common fantasy and a temptation
lenders is consistent with its track record on all of its policies almost impossible to resist.
related to the financial sector, which has been abysmal.
Instructions for questions 21 to 25: The questions present a sentence,
18. where a part of it or the entire sentence is underlined. Beneath the
(A) It's one of the great cultural phenomena of the 21st Century - the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The
appetite for learning about famous people's lives, no matter how first of these repeats the original; the other three are different. If you
banal the details. think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise, choose one
(B) Celebrity worship is very different from what is taking place in the of the others.
Cornwall café.
(C) And for eight years, a seaside cafe in Cornwall has hosted an 21.
experiment exploring this obsession by displaying the food left The same father who gave the child its life, and preserves it from the
behind by public figures. dangers which that life involves,
(D) Gossip magazines and newspapers are stuffed with information also taught what it may or may not do, making it accept certain limitations
about such minutiae. of its instinctual wishes, and told it what consideration it would have been

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expected to show towards its parents and brothers and sisters, if it had which was specially imported from an Engineering Giant in Germany.
wanted to be tolerated and liked as a member of the family circle, and later
on of more extensive groups. (A) Precisely built according to the specifications, the metro people
(A) The same father who gave the child its life, and preserves it from placed the pillar on the cantilever
the dangers which that life involves, also taught what it may or (B) The metro people precisely built the pillar according to the
may not do, making it accept certain limitations of its instinctual specifications and placed it on the cantilever
wishes, and told it what consideration it would have been expected (C) The metro people placed the pillar, precisely built according to the
to show towards its parents and brothers and sisters, if it had specifications, on the cantilever
wanted to be tolerated and liked as a member of the family circle, (D) The metro people built the pillar precisely according to the
and later on of more extensive groups. specifications and placed it on the cantilever

(B) The same father who gave the child its life, and preserved it from 23. Play music games require an intense focus on the separate elements of a
the dangers which that life involves, also taught what it may or song, which leads to a greater intuitive knowledge of musical composition.
may not do, making it accept certain limitations of its instinctual When you need to move your body in synchrony with the music in specific
wishes, and told it what consideration it would have been expected ways, it connects you with the music in a deeper way than when you are
to show towards its parents and brothers and sisters, if it had just listening to it.
wanted to be tolerated and liked as a member of the family circle,
and later on of more extensive groups. (A) Play music games require an intense focus on the separate
elements of a song,
(C) The same father who gave the child its life, and preserved it from (B) Playing music game requires an intense focus on the separate
the dangers which that life involves, also taught what it may or elements of a song,
may not do, making it accept certain limitations of its instinctual (C) Playing music games requires an intense focusing on the separate
wishes, and told it what consideration it would be expected to elements of a song,
show towards its parents and brothers and sisters, if it had wanted (D) Playing music games requires an intense focus on the separate
to be tolerated and liked as a member of the family circle, and later elements of a song,
on of more extensive groups.
24. The researchers had to show that the tools they found were intentionally
(D) The same father who gave the child its life, and preserved it from heated to improve workability, not accidentally through a bushfire or other
the dangers which that life involves, also taught it what it may or means. They found tools in areas where there were no evident of burning.
may not do, made it accept certain limitations of its instinctual And they conducted tests on some of the artifacts, including one that
wishes, and told it what consideration it would be expected to showed that flaked surfaces had a glossiness that occurs only when the
show towards its parents and brothers and sisters, if it wanted to be stone has been heated, proving that the stones were heated first and then
tolerated and liked as a member of the family circle, and later on of worked into tools.
more extensive groups.
(A) They found tools in areas where there were no evident of burning.
(B) They found tools in areas where there were no evidences of
22. burning.
Precisely built according to the specifications, the metro people placed the (C) They found tools in areas where there was no evidence of burning.
pillar on the cantilever (D) There was no evidence of burning they found tools in areas.

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 B. So are people who are overweight.

25.
C. Don't ever ignore the signs of heart attack.
Law and Order was maintained by the king by pushing criminals off
D. When the thermometer is rising you are on a risk.
mountain cliffs in atleast 15 out
(1) A and B (2) B and C (3) A,B and D (4)A and D
of the 20 kingdoms in South India.
3.
(A) Law and Order was maintained by the king by pushing criminals
A. Operational efficiency is the key for a company to become global
off mountain cliffs in at least 15out of the 20 kingdoms in South
India. giant.

(B) In at least 15 out of the 20 kingdoms in South India, Law B. It is in the root of enabling an organization to achieve its mission and
and Order was maintained by the king by pushing criminals vision.
off mountain cliffs. C. Moreover, it also gives the company an edge over the competition.
(C) Law and Order was maintained by the king in at least 15 out D. Procurement Management and Supply-chain Management are at the core
of such a drive.
of the 20 kingdoms in South India by pushing criminals off a
(1) A, B and D (2) A, B and C (3) B and C (4) A and B
mountain cliff.
(D) By pushing criminals off a mountain cliff in at least 15 out 4.
of the 20 kingdoms in South India, Law and Order was
A. Self-consciousness is the cornerstone of human intelligence.

maintained by the king. By pushing criminals off a mountain
cliff in at least 15 out of the 20 kingdoms in South India, B. It is a measure of the abilities of a person.

Lawand Order was maintained by the king. C. It improves the chances of manipulating emotions in an appropriate
manner.

37. SENTENCE CORRECTION D. Scientists called this "meta mood".
(1)A and B (2) B, C and D (3) Only D
 (4) C and D
Directions for questions 1 to 12: Identify the grammatically incorrect
sentences. 5.
A. Many of us like to think we are rational being.

1.
B. We are quite capable of putting emotions beside.

A. Vijay was born in America to an Indian couple. 

B. He was educated at Canada. C. We can make calm and logical decisions.

C. He made name for himself in the field of Experimental Physics. 
 D. This is particularly true when it comes to important aspects of life such
as health and well-being.
D. He is now a Physicist at the California Physics Academy.
(1) Only A
 (2) A and B (3) B and C (4) A, B and D
(1) Only A
 (2) B and C (3) A, C and D (4) B, C and D

6.
2.
A. The old and young are vulnerable to heart attacks. A. Dawn breaks with a roll of thunder in the rainforest. 


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B. We are either clammy or insect-bitten on sleeping under trees. 

11.
C. We crouch in tangle of vines and watch the canopy above. 
 (A) Drawing inspiration from our surroundings can influence us in many
D. The birds chirp or hoot. 
 different ways.

(1) A and B (2) B and D (3) B and C (4) A and C (B) All artists are inspired in some way or the other both spiritually and
emotionally by the environment they encounter.
7. (C) The end result, a poem, a song, a painting or a sculpture, then provides
(A) The flight was scheduled for departure at 20:00 hours. others with a view of the artist's soul.

(B) It stood majestically in the parking bay.
(D) Artists can take up the practice at any time point of time in life.
(C) Meanwhile, the last few routine check were being completed.
 (1) B and D (2) B and C (3) A and D (4) Only B
(D) Until seconds before take-off checks would go on.
(1) A and B (2) A and C (3) A, B and D (4) C and D 12.
A. Latins were living to the south of Rome. 

8.
B. The two nations resembled with each other in language and habits. 

A. The need is for a health education in this country. 

C. There was not much difference between the two nations even in courage
B. In other words, healthcare professionals are at great demand. 

and perseverance.

C. They give patients more individual care. 
 D. The city of Rome was an off-shoot from the old Latin Kingdom.
D. In addition, they increase awareness and promote health management. 
 (1) B and C (2) A and C (3) B and D (4) A, B and D

(1) Only A
 (2) A and B (3) B, C and D (4) A, B and D Directions for questions 13 to 15:
Each statement has an underlined portion which is grammatically incorrect.
9. From the given options, choose the grammatically most correct option.
A. Lisa Radley had been fighting the cold currents of the North Sea for
more than an hour.
 13. Yesterday I met the girl who, you said, you gave my pen.
(1) to whom, you said, you gave my pen

B. She was desperate to reach shore.

C. Exhausted and terrified, she was all ready to give up. (2) who, you said, you gave my book, to

D. Only the prospect of seeing her husband kept her going. (3) who you had been saying you gave my pen
(1) A and B (2) Only C (3) A and C (4) B and C (4) whom, you said, you have given my pen
10.
(A) Every morning the old lady’s cough was the first sound to hear. 15. Despite exile, imprisonment and the suppression of almost everyone of
(B) Her granddaughter usually laid listening to it.
 his books by the minions of Church and Kings, Voltaire forged fiercely
a path for his truth, until at last Kings, Popes and Emperors catered to
(C) She moved only when she heard it approaching nearer.
 him, thrones trembled before him and half the world would be listening
(D) But this morning she did not wait and sprang out of bed. to catch his every word.
(1) A and B (2) B and C (3) B and D (4) A, B and D

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(1) half the world would have been listening to catch his every word 19. CRASH
(2) half the world listened to catch his every word
 (1) The share market crash was caused by the fall of the Government.
(2) A crash course in C++ programming was conducted for all the new
(3) half the world have been listening to catch his every word
employees.
(4) half the world had listened to his every word
(3) The taxi spun out of control and crashed the side of a lorry.

15. Mr. Vinod Khanna, the CEO since he is the Managing Director of the (4) India crashed to a 0-2 defeat in the final game of the hockey tournament.
company, is an astute businessman.
(1) also he is the Managing Director of the company
 20. FLY
(1) He is known to fly off the handle quite often.

(2) since being the Managing Director of the company

(2) The clerk's irritating behaviour was the only fly in the ointment.
(3) and Managing Director of the company
 (3) Leela was about to fly into a rage when Rohan clarified that he did not
(4) in addition, who is the Managing Director of the company mean to offend her.
(4) The administration's foreign policy flies on the face of the universally
Directions for questions 16 to 20: Choose the options in which the usage accepted principles that have governed international relations in this
of the word is Incorrect or Inappropriate. century.

Directions for questions 21 to 23: Choose the grammatically correct
16. GOODNESS
sentence from the given sentences A, B, C and D.
(1) For goodness' sake, stop quibbling!
(2) Her inherent goodness makes people want to help her.
21.
(3) This shop is going to remain closed for goodness knows how long.
A. The management is understood to have responded into saying that
(4) Everybody acknowledges the goodness in fruits and vegetables.
it was considering an "equity restructuring" plan that would had to
increasing the float and make the stock more liquid in order to
17. SAMPLE
attract better valuations.
(1) The zoo has a few interesting samples of rare tropical animals.
 B. The management is understood to have responded by saying that it
(2) The sample surveyed was not representative of the larger group. was considering an "equity restructuring" plan that would lead to
(3) The company gave a free sample of soap with every purchase of its increasing the float and make the stock into more liquid in order to
shower-gel. attract better valuations.
(4) I sampled the various dishes prepared for the evening party.
 C. The management is understood to have responded by saying that it
was considering an "equity restructuring" plan that will be leading
to increasing the float and make the stock more liquid in order to
18. SINK
attract the best valuations.
(1) Darkness sank upon the village.
 D. The management is understood to have responded by saying that it
(2) Vidya was deeply sunk in thought after the sudden turn of events that was considering an "equity restructuring" plan that would lead to
evening. increasing the float and making the stock more liquid in order to
(3) The sink, hidden in the thick foliage, was hardly visible. attract better valuations.
(4) Sheer tiredness and exhaustion made Priya sink onto a sofa.
 (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

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22. (1) suggested that a reasonable ethical code that could be determined by
A. A secret control panel would discreetly alert the cabin crew to doing
watch out for an individual who might have a fear for flying, or whatever you feel is reasonable provided you are prepared to allow others
potentially be a hijacker or get involved in an air rage accident.
 (2) suggested that a reasonable ethical code could be determined by doing
whatever you feel is reasonable, provided you are prepared to allow others
B. A secret control panel would discreetly alert the cabin crew to
(3) suggested that a reasonable ethical code could be determined in doing
watch out for an individual who might have fear of flying, or
potentially be a hijacker or get involved in an air rage accident. whatever you feel is reasonable provided you are prepared to allow others

C. A secret control panel would discreetly alert the cabin crew for (4) suggested that a reasonable ethical code could be determined by doing
watching over an individual who might have a fear of flying, or whatever you feel is reasonable - provided you are prepared in allowing
potentially be a hijacker or get involved in an air rage accident.
 others
D. A secret control panel would discreetly alert the cabin crew for
25. The up gradation of vehicular fuels, _________, is an important
watch out for an individual who might have a fear of flying, or be a
component of any strategy aimed at restricting vehicular pollution.
hijacker or get involved in a potential air rage accident.
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
(1) Which principally means reducing the amount of sulphur in diesel and
cutting
23.
down at the level of aromatics in petrol
A. The novel, expected to be the most acclaimed, with all its
(2) Which principally means reducing in the amount of sulphur in diesel
supposedly crucial issues and illustrative allusions shed little light
and cutting down on the level of aromatics in petrol
on its motivation, its genesis and how it developed.
 (3) Which principally means reducing of the amount of sulphur in diesel
B. The novel, expected to be the most acclaimed, with all its and cutting
supposedly crucial issues and illustrative allusions will sheds little down on the level of aromatics in petrol
light on its motivation, how its genesis took place and it developed. (4) Which principally means reducing the amount of sulphur in diesel and
C. The novel, expected to be the most acclaimed with all its cutting down on the level of aromatics in petrol
supposedly crucial issues and illustrative allusions, shed a little
light on how it is motivated, its genesis and its development.
D. The novel, expected to be the most acclaimed with all its
38. CLOZE TEST
supposedly crucial issues and illustrative allusions, sheds little
light on its motivation, its genesis and its development. I. Choose the word that fits into the sentence so as to complete it
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D appropriately

Directions for questions 24 and 25: Choose the most grammatically 1. The Anasazi, a civilization that arose as early as 1500 BC,
correct sentence from the given options to fill in the blanks occupied the region now __________ as the Four Corners, where
Utah Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico meet, for centuries.
24. The German philosopher Immanuel Kant _________ the same freedom (a) invoked (b) known (c) labelled (d) denoted
in actions that affect you.
2. A ground-breaking exhibition is showcasing Iraq's rich roots in
Mesopotamia, the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

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 that gave __________to the world's first urban civilization some
5,000 years ago. 11. The public attention it generates could help lay the ___________
(a) support (b) water (c) floods (d) birth for the kind of national consensus needed to bring substantial
reform to health-care delivery.
3. Originally, the project was planned to take at least 15 years, but (a) groundwork (b) beginning (c) basis (d) center
effective resource and technological advances have ________ the
team’s progress. 12. While supporting publicly funded health care, Dr.Roberts,
(a) energized (b) postponed (c) accelerated (d) deferred president of the National Orthopaedic Association, hopes the case
___________ much needed debate.
4. Georgia's teachers received the third largest salary hike in the (a) makes (b) quells (c) stirs (d) agitates
country last year but still did not move up in national __________.
(a) rankings (b) readings (c) ranting (d) ratings II. Choose the pair of words that fit into the sentence so as to
complete it appropriately
5. Mr. Miller has expressed his hope that the project can __________
support for conserving the Silverson Wildlife Complex. 1. The team’s manager, Eric Gorton has ____________ Nick Fenand
(a) raise (b) rally (c) mount (d) foster in his squad for next month's qualifying match against
Liechtenstein despite doubts ____________ the player’s fitness
6. In addition to huge gas __________, the Caspian sea may hold as a. included….about
much as 200 billion barrels of oil, reserves second only to those of b. hospitalized…by
the Persian Gulf. c. joined…on
(a) tanks (b) quotas (c) canisters (d) deposits d. removed….Over

7. __________ we bought equipment at the end of last year but 2. Over the ___________, different New York neighbourhoods have
weren't billed until 2003, we had to include it on this year's books. played ___________ to the cutting edge: Greenwich Village in the
(a) Because (b) Despite (c) So (d) Whereas 1950s, SoHo in the 1970s, the Lower East Side in the 1980s.
a. decades… host
8. For the first time in 38 years, Essex Packaging has __________ an b. centuries… guest
unprofitable quarter. c. time… games
(a) understood (b) managed (c) handled (d) experienced d. moments… along

9. A week-long investigation began yesterday in Florida, with 3. When mortals died, whether noble or __________, they joined Re
__________ speculation on the cause of the crash centering on on his nocturnal journey through the underworld; __________ at
damage to the plane’s right wing. dawn immortal, if all went well.
(a) final (b) momentary (c) initial (d) middling a. ordinary… occurred
b. common… emerging
10. ___________ an increase in attacks on the existing technology, c. maudlin… appeared
Netflix said that it would release features across its line of network d. impoverished… woke
firewall products.
(a) Mentioning (b) Talking (c) Combining (d) Citing

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4. Toward the end of the 13th century, some __________ event d. tripled… pauperism
forced the Anasazi to __________ their houses and homeland and
to move south and east toward the Rio Grande and the Little 9. Despite signs of a truce, the country’s dilemma remains, should
Colorado River. they let the north country remain __________ or should they
a. seismic… shift __________ it.
b. cataclysmic… flee a. autonomous... conquer
c. unfortunate… desert b. free… self-governing
d. disastrous… move c. independent… separated
d. quelled… annexed
5. Those __________ ancestors doubtless found sticks helpful for
pointing out a direction, tracing a diagram in the dirt or 10. As the last __________ slice of Atlantic coastal plain bordering the
__________ up a slab of useful flint. continent's vast equatorial rain forests, the region, known as the
a. decrepit… fixing Gamba Complex, is a biologically __________ mosaic of forests,
b. faulty… picking savannas, lagoons, lakes and beaches that, until recently, was
c. distant… prying virtually unknown to science.
d. calamitous… taking a. underdeveloped… luxuriant
b. uncharted… broken
6. Tony Benito and his sister, Margarita Benito, face 15-month jail c. examined… plentiful
terms in Britain on ________ of court charges after they d. undeveloped… rich
__________ to appear in court to testify about the family's assets.
a. contempt… failed 11. The term ‘conservationist’ had been defined by some as a person
b. misconduct… refused who believes that the natural world is endlessly __________ and
c. rudeness… agreed beautiful, and therefore as much of it as possible should be
d. love… promised __________.
a. irrational… preserved
7. Despite __________ printed in newspapers and broadcast over the b. abhorrent… salvaged
internet and on television, Americans __________ to lose millions c. fascinating… saved
to internet con artists. d. exhilarative… promoted
a. predictions… persevere
b. warnings…. continue 12. __________ temporary power lines and data cables, huddled
c. encouragement… proceed around laptops and editing equipment, journalists and technicians
d. cautions… persist were __________ out news to many outposts.
a. Among… burning
8. Federal data show that the number of citizens receiving welfare b. Although… turning
__________ again last year even though an economic slowdown c. Amid… churning
pushed more people into __________. d. Despite… writing
a. declined … poverty
b. reduced… affluence
c. jumped… subservience

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 13. The country is a regional __________, an absolute but highly governmental intervention — and lost. The Parliament passed The
dynamic monarchy that has created an economic __________ out Auroville Foundation Act, 1988, effectively taking over the ownership.
of little more than vision, geography and will.
a. anomaly… powerhouse The foundation has a governing board, an international advisory council and
b. synchronicity… giant a residents’ assembly. The board members are eminent personalities, and
c. incongruity… dwarf the incumbent chairman is the Congress leader and Rajya Sabha member
d. paradox… dependency Karan Singh.

The residents’ assembly, assisted by a working committee, decides most

39. READING COMPREHENSION matters, including the construction of buildings or issuing residence
permits. It is within this governing framework that the experiment of
Passage 1 ‘spiritual communism’ is being carried on.
Five decades later, Auroville is still evolving as per its Master Plan, but has
grown into a city — well, a city of sorts, because it is still missing several 1. One of the following statements does not describe Auroville as per
urban features — there is no police station, for instance, nor a courtroom. the passage
Few roads are paved and most others have been deliberately left unpaved, a. Some roads in Auroville are not paved and neither are
unnamed and unlit. There is no pub (those who want to drink either do it they lit
surreptitiously or go to Puducherry next door), there is no bus terminus or b. The Matrimandir, the defining feature of Auroville, is a
railroad, no public transport, and no temples, churches or mosques. golden-domed meditation hall designed to worship the
What it does have is a stylish town hall, plenty of garden restaurants, Sun God.
schools that look unconventional, business units including farmlands, and a c. Auroville has several garden restaurants, unconventional
clutch of single-storey residential buildings. The defining feature of the looking schools and farmlands.
township is the Matrimandir, a golden-domed meditation hall that has a d. Auroville has no police station or court room
specially-made crystal ball, on which a heliostat always focuses sunlight.
The beautifully landscaped area around the Matrimandir has a largish 2. How did the Government come about to take up the ownership of
amphitheatre. In its totality, Auroville closely resembles a university Auroville?
campus. a. Due to the friction between the society and residents of
The real distinction, however, is that nothing is owned by anybody here. Auroville, the government was afraid that it would lose
Every single asset is owned by the community, which is represented by the Auroville as a heritage site and hence chose to intervene
Auroville Foundation, which, in turn, is — hold your breath — owned by b. The Government intended to turn Auroville into a
the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, and university campus
administered by a government-appointed retired bureaucrat. The Indian c. Due to the friction between the society and residents of
government entered the picture by invitation. Auroville, the government was asked to intervene by the
residents
When Auroville was first set up, the Sri Aurobindo Society legally owned d. The Auroville Foundation Act passed by the government
all the assets. However, after the Mother’s death in 1973, friction developed granted full ownership to the government over Auroville.
between the residents and the society. The residents appealed to Prime
Minister Indira Gandhi to intervene. The society tried to fight off

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 3. What lead to the friction between the residents and the Sri the world of words. In fact, describing a dream is like translating a poem
Aurobindo Society? into the language of one of Bohn's cribs; it is a paraphrase which is
a. The Mother’s death meaningless unless one knows the original.
b. The reason has not been mentioned in the passage 4. Why does the author propose inventing new vocabulary?
c. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s decision to intervene. a. The author thinks that the size of the existing vocabulary
d. The lack of police stations and court rooms to resolve is diminishing at a rapid rate
disputes b. The author thinks existing vocabulary is incapable of
capturing certain ideas and experiences
Passage 2 c. The author thinks the existing vocabulary is inadequate
At present the formation of new words is a slow process (I have read for autobiographies
somewhere that English gains about six and loses about four words a year) d. The author thinks the existing vocabulary cannot describe
and no new words are deliberately coined except as names for material dreams and the workings of the human brain
objects. Abstract words are never coined at all, though old words (e.g.
"condition", "reflex", etc.) are sometimes twisted into new meanings for 5. ‘Words are no liker to the reality than chessmen to living beings’,
scientific purposes. What I am going to suggest here is that it would be what does the author wish to convey through this comparison?
quite feasible to invent a vocabulary, perhaps amounting to several a. Just as chessman cannot represent real people as they
thousands of words, which would deal with parts of our experience now looking nothing like them, words cannot represent reality
practically unamenable to language. There are several objections to the idea, as they do not convey the true essence of an experience
and I will deal with these as they arise. The first step is to indicate the kind b. Just as chessmen represent real people, words represent
of purpose for which new words are needed. reality
c. Chessman which effectively represent living beings are
Everyone who thinks at all has noticed that our language is practically similar to words which represent reality
useless for describing anything that goes on inside the brain. This is so d. Just as words do not represent the reality, chessmen also
generally recognized that writers of high skill (e.g. Trollope and Mark do not represent living beings.
Twain) will start their autobiographies by saying that they do not intend to
describe their inner life, because it is of its nature indescribable. So soon as 6. One of the following examples was not used to prove the
we are dealing with anything that is not concrete or visible (and even there inefficiency of words in the above passage
to a great extent - look at the difficulty of describing anyone's appearance) a. Autobiographies usually begin by saying that the writer
we find that words are no liker to the reality than chessmen to living beings. does not wish to explain their inner life due to its
To take an obvious case which will not raise side-issues, consider a dream. perceived nature of being indescribable
How do you describe a dream? Clearly you never describe it, because no b. A dream can never be explained as no word would be
words that convey the atmosphere of dreams exist in our language. Of able to capture the ambience of the dream
course, you can give a crude approximation of some of the major facts in a c. A psychologist cannot interpret your dream as vocabulary
dream. You can say "I dreamed that I was walking down Regent Street with limits the possible number of interpretations
a porcupine wearing a bowler hat" etc., but this is no real description of the d. It is difficult to explain the appearance of a person
dream. And even if a psychologist interprets your dream in terms of e.
"symbols", he is still going largely by guesswork; for the real quality of the Passage 3
dream, the quality that gave the porcupine its sole significance, is outside

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It is a sign of the speed at which events are moving that Hurst and Blackett's you’d hardly touch the value of the company; all that actually lies in the
unexpurgated edition of Mein Kampf, published only a year ago, is edited goodwill of our brand franchise and the collective knowledge in the
from a pro-Hitler angle. The obvious intention of the translator's preface company.” And a booklet by Johnson & Johnson reaffirms this: “Our
and notes is to tone down the book's ferocity and present Hitler in as kindly company’s name and trademark are by far our most valuable assets.”
a light as possible. For at that date Hitler was still respectable. He had Companies must work hard to build brands. David Ogilvy insisted: “Any
crushed the German labour movement, and for that the property-owning damn fool can put on a deal, but it takes genius, faith and perseverance to
classes were willing to forgive him almost anything. Both Left and Right create a brand.”
concurred in the very shallow notion that National Socialism was merely a
version of Conservatism. The sign of a great brand is how much loyalty or preference it commands.
Then suddenly it turned out that Hitler was not respectable after all. As one Harley Davidson is a great brand because Harley Davidson motorcycle
result of this, Hurst and Blackett's edition was reissued in a new jacket owners rarely switch to another brand. Nor do Apple Macintosh users want
explaining that all profits would be devoted to the Red Cross. Nevertheless, to switch to Microsoft.
simply on the internal evidence of Mein Kampf, it is difficult to believe that
any real change has taken place in Hitler's aims and opinions. When one A well-known brand fetches extra pennies. The aim of branding, according
compares his utterances of a year or so ago with those made fifteen years to one cynic, “is to get more money for a product than it is worth.” But this
earlier, a thing that strikes one is the rigidity of his mind, the way in which is a narrow view of the benefits that a trusted brand confers on users. The
his world-view doesn't develop. It is the fixed vision of a monomaniac and user knows by the brand name the product quality and features to expect
not likely to be much affected by the temporary manoeuvres of power and the services that will be rendered, and this is worth extra pennies.
politics. Probably, in Hitler's own mind, the Russo-German Pact represents A brand saves people time, and this is worth money. Niall Fitzgerald,
no more than an alteration of time-table. The plan laid down in Mein Kampf chairman of Unilever, observed: “A brand is a storehouse of trust that
was to smash Russia first, with the implied intention of smashing England matters more and more as choices multiply. People want to simplify their
afterwards. Now, as it has turned out, England has got to be dealt with first, lives.”
because Russia was the more easily bribed of the two. But Russia's turn will
come when England is out of the picture - that, no doubt, is how Hitler sees The brand amounts to a contract with the customer regarding how the brand
it. Whether it will turn out that way is of course a different question. will perform. The brand contract must be honest. Motel 6, for example,
7. What is the tone of the passage? offers clean rooms, low prices, and good service but does not imply that the
a. Analytical b. Condemnatory furnishings are luxurious or the bathroom is large.
b. Patronizing d. Supportive
9. What according to the author is the benefits of having a brand?
8. From where could this passage have been extracted? a. A brand conveys what kind of quality and features the
a. The prologue of Mein Kampf product provides
b. A review of Mein Kampf b. A brand brings in extra cash as it saves customer time
c. A war propaganda c. A brand represents the goodwill of the customers and the
d. From the daily news legacy of the company
d. A brand brings in more money for a product than it is
Passage 4 worth
Are brands important? Roberto Goizueta, the late CEO of Coca-Cola,
commented: “All our factories and facilities could burn down tomorrow but 10. According to the passage, why is the Apple Macintosh a better

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 brand than Microsoft? them. The Coral Island is again mentioned by the naval officer who comes
a. The services provided by Apple Macintosh are far to rescue Golding's boys from the nightmare they have created, and so the
superior to Microsoft’s adventure of these enfants terrible is ironically juxtaposed with the
b. Apple Macintosh is the Harley Davidson of Computers, it spectacular success of the Victorian darlings.
is the best and customers know it 11. According to the passage what sets apart Golding’s castaways
c. Apple Macintosh is more consistent with it’s services than from other cast away stories?
Microsoft a. They are faced with the struggle for survival and the
d. The customers of Apple Macintosh are very loyal to the terrors of isolation
brand b. They successfully hail a passing ship that returns them to
the world that they lost
Passage 5 c. The castaways were escaping from the centre of conflict
Lord of the Flies offers a variation upon the ever-popular tale of island of an atomic war
adventure, and it holds all of the excitements common to that long tradition. d. The castaways are English boys of age six to twelve
Golding's castaways are faced with the usual struggle for survival, the
terrors of isolation, and a desperate out finally successful effort to signal a 12. Which one of the following statements is not made about
passing ship which will return them to the world they have lost. This time, Ballantyne's, ‘The Coral Island’ in the passage?
however, the story is told against the background of an atomic war. A plane a. Fierce pirates and Cannibals join forces and their legions
carrying some English boys, aged six to twelve, from the centre of conflict are defeated by the boys
is shot down by the enemy and the youths are left without adult company on b. The Coral Island was popular amongst teenagers in
an unpopulated Pacific island. The environment in which they find England
themselves actually presents no serious challenge: the island is a paradise of c. Ralph, Jack, and Peterkin make efficient use of the
flowers and fruit, fresh water flows from the mountain, and the climate is resources available to them
gentle. In spite of these unusual natural advantages, the children fail d. The Cannibals are reformed by the Christian practices of
miserably and the adventure ends in a reversal of their (and the reader's) the castaways
expectations. Within a short time, the rule of reason is overthrown and the
survivors regress to savagery. 13. From the context of the passage what does ‘enfants terribles’
mean?
During the first days on the island there is little forewarning of this eventual a. A person who behaves like an infant
collapse of order. The boys are delighted with the prospect of some real fun b. An infant who has been predicted to face great difficulties
before the adults come to fetch them. With innocent enthusiasm they recall in the future
the storybook romances they have read and now expect to enjoy in reality. c. A person who behaves in an outrageous or shocking
Among these is The Coral Island, Robert Michael Ballantyne's heavily manner
moralistic idyll of castaway boys, written in 1858 yet still, in our atomic d. A situation which cannot be mitigated
age, a popular adolescent classic in England. In Ballantyne's tale everything
comes off in exemplary style. For Ralph, Jack, and Peterkin (his charming Passage 6
young imperialists), mastery of the natural environment is an elementary
exercise in Anglo-Saxon ingenuity. The fierce pirates who invade the island Just as ideas can change abruptly, so, too, can they hang on past their time.
are defeated by sheer moral force, and the tribe of cannibalistic savages is Some ideas continue to be embraced by the public long after scientists have
easily converted and reformed by the example of Christian conduct afforded

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abandoned them. Left brain, right brain is a perfect example. In the 1970s, it c. The author believes that it is the nature of an idea to exist
gains popularity from the work of Sperry at Caltech, who studies a specific past its time simply due to its pervasiveness
group of brain-surgery patients. His findings have no broader meaning d. Since no valid study disproved the study, people saw no
beyond these patients. Sperry denies any broader meaning. By 1980, it is need to set the theory aside
clear that the left and right brain notion is just wrong— the two sides of the
brain do not work separately in a healthy person. But in the popular culture, 16. Why did the Greeks believe in the balance of nature?
the concept does not die for another twenty years. People talk about it, a. The Greeks felt comfortable with this idea
believe it, write books about it for decades after scientists have set it aside. b. Just as in the case of the study conducted by Sperry, the
Similarly, in environmental thought, it was widely accepted in 1960 that study conducted by the Greeks pointed to evidence
there is something called ‘the balance of nature.’ If you just left nature alone confirming the balance of nature though the study was
it would come into a self-maintaining state of balance. Lovely idea with a flawed
long pedigree. The Greeks believed it three thousand years ago, on the basis c. The ancient Greek myths spoke highly of the Gods whose
of nothing. Just seemed nice. However, by 1990, no scientist believes in the responsibility it was to preserve the balance of nature
balance of nature anymore. The ecologists have all given it up as simply d. The Greeks never believed in the balance of nature
wrong. Untrue. A fantasy. They speak now of dynamic disequilibrium, of
multiple equilibrium states. But they now understand that nature is never in Passage 7
balance. Never has been, never will be. On the contrary, nature is always
out of balance, and that means that mankind, which was formerly defined as For Hush Puppies — the classic American brushed-suede shoes with the
the great disrupter of the natural order, is nothing of the sort. The whole lightweight crepe sole — the Tipping Point came somewhere between late
environment is being constantly disrupted all the time anyway. 1994 and early 1995. The brand had been all but dead until that point. Sales
were down to 30,000 pairs a year, mostly to backwoods outlets and small-
14. For what idea does the author give the example of the left brain, town family stores. Wolverine, the company that makes Hush Puppies, was
right brain? thinking of phasing out the shoes that made them famous. But then
a. Ideas become widely accepted when scientists conduct something strange happened. At a fashion shoot, two Hush Puppies
research and make the results available to all executives — Owen Baxter and Geoffrey Lewis — ran into a stylist from
b. Ideas, which can change abruptly tend to exist well New York who told them that the classic Hush Puppies had suddenly
beyond their time even when they have no scientific basis become hip in the clubs and bars of downtown Manhattan. "We were being
c. Scientists tend to have many ideas, most of which are told," Baxter recalls, "that there were resale shops in the Village, in Soho,
abandoned over time where the shoes were being sold. People were going to the Ma and Pa
d. Ideas tend to exist for a long time in the minds of people stores, the little stores that still carried them, and buying them up." Baxter
and Lewis were baffled at first. It made no sense to them that shoes that
15. Why, according to the author was the left brain, right brain idea so were so obviously out of fashion could make a comeback. "We were told
popular? that Isaac Mizrahi was wearing the shoes himself," Lewis says. "I think it's
a. The scientist behind the study, Sperry, claimed it was a fair to say that at the time we had no idea who Isaac Mizrahi was."
study with profound implications and therefore the idea By the fall of 1995, things began to happen in a rush. First the designer John
became vastly popular Bartlett called. He wanted to use Hush Puppies in his spring collection.
b. Since people talked about it, believed it and wrote books Then another Manhattan designer, Anna Sui, called, wanting shoes for her
about it for decades show as well. In Los Angeles, the designer Joel Fitzgerald put a twenty-

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five-foot inflatable basset hound — the symbol of the Hush Puppies brand a. The point at which Hush Puppies shoes became popular
— on the roof of his Hollywood store and gutted an adjoining art gallery to again
turn it into a Hush Puppies boutique. While he was still painting and putting b. The point at which all celebrities and fashion icons
up shelves, the actor Pee-wee Herman walked in and asked for a couple of considered Hush Puppies as an iconic brand
pairs. "It was total word of mouth," Fitzgerald remembers. c. The point at which the shoes passed a certain point in
In 1995, the company sold 450,000 pairs of the classic Hush Puppies, and popularity
the next year it sold four times that, and the year after that still more, until d. The point at which Wolverine, the company that made the
Hush Puppies were once again a staple of the wardrobe of the young Hush Puppies shoes decided to phase them out
American male. In 1996, Hush Puppies won the prize for best accessory at
the Council of Fashion Designers awards dinner at Lincoln Center, and the 19. What is the tone of the passage?
president of the firm stood up a. Condescending
b. Laudatory
on the stage with Calvin Klein and Donna Karan and accepted an award for c. Explanatory
an achievement that — as he would be the first to admit — his company d. Argumentative
had almost nothing to do with. Hush Puppies had suddenly exploded, and it
all started with a handful of kids in the East Village and Soho. 20. Which of the following is similar in effect to what happened to
How did that happen? Those first few kids, whoever they were, weren't Hush Puppies
deliberately trying to promote Hush Puppies. They were wearing them a. Due to the declining sales in cars, Arin Motors & Co.
precisely because no one else would wear them. Then the fad spread to two started investing more in their heavy machinery business
fashion designers who used the shoes to peddle something else — haute which made the company highly profitable
couture. The shoes were an incidental touch. No one was trying to make b. As no one visited The Bri Café anymore, the place had to
Hush Puppies a trend. Yet, somehow, that's exactly what happened. The shut shop and move downtown
shoes passed a certain point in popularity and they tipped. How does a c. The old-school moped design which was popular in the
thirty-dollar pair of shoes go from a handful of downtown Manhattan 1980s has become the new trend
hipsters and designers to every mall in America in the space of two years? d. 25 year-old Scotch Whiskey is expensive not only
because it is delicious but also because it is rare.
17. Why did the Hush Puppies shoes become famous again?
a. Isaac Mizrahi himself was wearing the shoes Passage 8
b. Joel Fitzgerald put a twenty-five-foot inflatable basset
hound — the symbol of the Hush Puppies brand — on the “If you study the media, as my graduate students and I do, seeking to find
roof of his Hollywood store shifts in normative conceptualization, you discover something extremely
c. Hush Puppies won the prize for best accessory at the interesting. We looked at transcripts of news programs of the major
Council of Fashion Designers awards dinner at Lincoln networks— NBC, ABC, CBS. We also looked at stories in the newspapers
Center of New York, Washington, Miami, Los Angeles, and Seattle. We counted
d. Since no one else wore them, wearing Hush Puppies the frequency of certain concepts and terms used by the media. The results
shoes was promoted as a fad were very striking. There was a major shift in the fall of 1989. Before that
time, the media did not make excessive use of terms such as crisis,
18. What is the Tipping Point? catastrophe, cataclysm, plague, or disaster. For example, during the 1980s,

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the word crisis appeared in news reports about as often as the word budget. Before that we had the Communist menace. The point is, although the
In addition, prior to 1989, adjectives such as dire, unprecedented, dreaded specific cause of our fear may change, we are never without the fear itself.
were not common in television reports or newspaper headlines. But then it Fear pervades society in all its aspects. Perpetually.” He shifted on the
all changed. These terms started to become more and more common. The concrete bench, turning away from the crowds. “Has it ever occurred to you
word catastrophe was used five times more often in 1995 than it was in how astonishing the culture of Western society really is? Industrialized
1985. Its use doubled again by the year 2000. And the stories changed, too. nations provide their citizens with unprecedented safety, health, and
There was a heightened emphasis on fear, worry, danger, uncertainty, panic. comfort. Average life spans increased fifty percent in the last century. Yet
In most respects 1989 seemed like a normal year: A Soviet sub sank in modern people live in abject fear. They are afraid of strangers, of disease, of
Norway; Tiananmen Square in China; the Exxon Valdez; Salmon Rushdie crime, of the environment. They are afraid of the homes they live in, the
sentenced to death; Jane Fonda, Mike Tyson, and Bruce Springsteen all got food they eat, the technology that surrounds them. They are in a particular
divorced; the Episcopal Church hired a female bishop; Poland allowed panic over things they can’t even see— germs, chemicals, additives,
striking unions; Voyager went to Neptune; a San Francisco earthquake pollutants. They are timid, nervous, fretful, and depressed. And even more
flattened highways; and Russia, the US, France, and England all conducted amazingly, they are convinced that the environment of the entire planet is
nuclear tests. A year like any other. But in fact the rise in the use of the term being destroyed around them. Remarkable! Like the belief in witchcraft, it’s
crisis can be located with some precision in the autumn of 1989. And it an extraordinary delusion— a global fantasy worthy of the Middle Ages.
seemed suspicious that it should coincide so closely with the fall of the Everything is going to hell, and we must all live in fear. Amazing.
Berlin Wall. Which happened on November ninth of that year. At first we
thought the association was spurious. But it wasn’t. The Berlin Wall marks 21. What would be an appropriate title for the above passage?
the collapse of the Soviet empire. And the end of the Cold War that had a. The evolution of Fear over the ages
lasted for half a century in the West. b. Fear: A tool of delusion
c. The definition of Fear
“I am leading to the notion of social control. To the requirement of every d. Catastrophes of the modern world
sovereign state to exert control over the behaviour of its citizens, to keep
them orderly and reasonably docile. To keep them driving on the right side 22. What does the underlined sentence ‘But then it all changed’ refer
of the road— or the left, as the case may be. To keep them paying taxes. to?
And of course we know that social control is best managed through fear. a. The collapse of the Berlin Wall
For fifty years, Western nations had maintained their citizens in a state of b. The rise in terrorist activities
perpetual fear. Fear of the other side. Fear of nuclear war. The Communist c. The deteriorating condition of the environment due to
menace. The Iron Curtain. The Evil Empire. And within the Communist human activities
countries, the same in reverse. Fear of us. Then, suddenly, in the fall of d. The looming threat of a nuclear war
1989, it was all finished. Gone, vanished. Over. The fall of the Berlin Wall
created a vacuum of fear. Nature abhors a vacuum. Something had to fill it.” 23. According to the author, what is the benefit of maintaining a state
of fear?
Evans frowned. “You’re saying that environmental crises took the place of a. The author reasons that humans are forever in fear
the Cold War?” “That is what the evidence shows. Of course, now we have although the reason for fear may change
radical fundamentalism and post– 9/ 11 terrorism to make us afraid, and b. The governments intend to maintain a constant state of
those are certainly real reasons for fear, but that is not my point. My point fear as it is good for the economy
is, there is always a cause for fear. The cause may change over time, but the
fear is always with us. Before terrorism we feared the toxic environment.

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 c. By using fear as an instrument of control, governments
are able to make citizens conform to the ways of the 1.
nation a) The funeral was over.
d. By creating a perpetual state of fear, the government was b) The carriages had rolled away through the soft mud and only the poor
creating a vigilant nation which would always be prepared remained.
for war c) It was their moment.
d) They approached to the newly-dug shaft and looked their last at the
24. For what purpose does the author use witchcraft as an example? coffin, now almost hidden beneath the spade-fulls of clay.
a. Just like terrorism and environmental degradation, e) Most of them were women from the dead woman's district, to whom
witchcraft was used to perpetrate fear during the middle black garments had been served out by Mr. Wilcox's orders.
ages
b. The author believes that a fear of unseen things will (1) ABCDE (2) ABDCE (3) DACEB (4) BACDE
ultimately lead to fear of witchcraft
c. The author uses witchcraft to illustrate how people are 2.
easily misled just as in the middle ages (A) In the course of his life an average American watches four to five years
d. Witchcraft, though never proven to have existed was worth of advertising on television.
greatly feared during the middle ages. Similarly, people of (B) Every day, an estimated 15 billion display ads, 4.5 million radio
today have great fear towards things that are unseen and commercials and more than 400,000 television commercials are dumped
unproved. into North Americans.
(C) For instance, Patrick Jane, an outspoken critic of advertising considers
25. Which of the following statements effectively summarizes advertising ‘a widely prevalent and toxic pollutant of the mind.’
‘extraordinary delusion’ that the writer refers to? (D) Opponents equate the growing amount of advertising with a ‘tidal
a. The people of the western society, living in industrialized wave’ and restrictions with ‘damming’ the flood.
nations, are paranoid about things that they needn’t be (E) From the moment your radio alarm sounds in the morning to the last
despite the fact that they live in extremely safe conditions hours of the night, TV micro jolts of commercial pollution flood your
b. People fear that which they cannot see - germs, individual conscience at the rate of around 4,000 marketing messages per
chemicals, additives and pollutants day.
c. The delusional belief of the existence of witches during
the middle ages which lead to several women being (1) EBADC (2) CBAED (3) DCEBA (4) AECBD
hunted and needlessly burnt at the stake
d. The people of the western society are afraid of 3.
unnecessary things a) Charles's house on the left; on the right the swelling forms of the Six
Hills.
b) Beyond them she saw meadows and a wood and beneath them she
40. PARAJUMBLING settled that soldiers of the best kind lay buried.
c) Their appearance in such a neighbourhood surprised her. They
Directions for questions 1 to 6: Each questions has a group of sentences interrupted the stream of residences that was thickening up towards
arranged in a jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the right order Hilton.
so that they form a coherent paragraph. d) She hated war and liked soldiers.

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e) It was one of her amiable inconsistencies. d) The song’s title – Another Day of Sun – is repeated over and over, like
an insistent knock-knock-knock on an agent’s door that just won’t
(1) ACBDE (2) CAEBD (3) DCABE (4) ACEBD open.
e) The movie then elegantly unfolds in the same style as the classic
4. musicals of the 1960s.
(A)His idea was that the sun was stationary at the centre and that the earth f) This happens to be the very jam Mia and Sebastian find themselves in.
and the planets move in circular orbits around the sun.
(B) Finally, two astronomers, Johannes Kepler, and Galileo Galilei, publicly (1) FBADEC (2) CBEDAF (3) CBDFAE (4) BDEACF
started to support the Copernican theory, despite the fact that the orbits it
predicted did not quite match the ones observed. Directions for questions 7 to 10: Each questions has a group of
(C) Nearly a century passed before this idea was taken seriously. sentences arranged in a jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the
(D) In early sixteenth century, a Polish priest, Nicholas Copernicus right order so that they form a coherent paragraph. Sentences (1) and
presented a simple model on the solar system. (6) are already in the right place.
(1) DBCA (2) DACB (3) BADC (4) None of the above
7.
5. (1) The youth cringed as if discovered in a crime.
a) He was very interested in learning all about light and colours. (A) He lifted himself upon his toes and looked in the direction of the fight.
b) In 1665, Isaac Newton was a young scientist studying at Cambridge (B) The imbecile line had remained and become victors; he could hear
University in England. cheering
c) The multi-coloured band of light is called a colour spectrum. (C) A yellow fog lay wallowing on the treetops.
d) One bright sunny day, Newton darkened his room and made a hole in (D) By heavens, they had won after all!
his window shutter, allowing just one beam of sunlight to enter the (6) Beneath came the clatter of musketry; hoarse cries told of an advance.
room.
e) The result was a spectacular multi-coloured band of light just like a (1) DBAC (2) DCBA (3) BADC (4) BDCA
rainbow.
f) He then took a glass prism and placed it in the sunbeam. 8.
(1) One sunny afternoon in the autumn of the year 1861, a soldier lay in a
(1) FBCDEA (2) DBCEAF (3) BADFEC (4) CFBDEA clump of laurel.
(A) He was asleep at his post of duty.
6. (B) If detected he would be dead shortly afterward, that being the just and
a) They first meet seconds after the song ends, in fact, although the legal penalty of his crime.
interaction involves nothing more than a jabbed car horn and doesn’t (C) His extended right hand loosely grasped his rifle.
prove memorable for either of them. (D) He lay at full length, upon his stomach, his feet resting upon the toes,
b) Their enthusiasm level borders, I suspect very deliberately, on manic. his head upon the left forearm.
c) From the opening number – there really is no mistaking La la Land is a (6) The clump of laurel in which the criminal lay was in the angle of a
musical from the attractive young hopefuls spilling out of their cars in road.
an impregnable traffic jam, and singing about the city’s daunting show-
business heritage. (1) DACB (2) DCAB (3) ABCD (4) ADCB
9.

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 (1) Civilization had done nothing else for Tarzan of the Apes, but it (D) The companies welcomed the decision of the Union Government.
had to some extent taught him to crave the society of his own kind. (E) Other major companies such as National Fertilizer Ltd rose nearly
a) In the same ratio had it made any other life distasteful to him. 5% to ₹59.05, Chambal Fertilizers and Chemicals Ltd rose 2.25% to
b) He sat musing over his cigarette; his eyes fell upon a mirror before him, ₹165.70, Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Ltd rose over 4% to
and in it he saw reflected a table at which four men sat at cards. ₹79.80 in the opening trade.
c) It was difficult to imagine a world without a friend, without a living
thing who spoke the new tongues which Tarzan had learned to love so 12.
well. a) A short introduction to this system is given in Frankl's most famous
d) One of them rose to leave, and then another approached. book, Man's Search for Meaning.
(6) Tarzan could see that he courteously offered to fill the vacant chair, that b) Rather than power or pleasure, logotherapy is founded upon the belief
the game might not be interrupted. that it is the striving to find a meaning in one's life that is the primary,
most powerful motivating and driving force in humans.
(1) CABD (2) ACBD (3) CBDA (4) ABCD c) Logotherapy is based on an existential analysis focusing
on Kierkegaard's will to meaning as opposed to
10. Adler's Nietzschean doctrine of will to power or Freud's will to
(1)The inexperienced fibres of the boy's eyes were hardened at an early age. pleasure.
(A) He studied human nature in the gutter, and found it no worse than he d) Presently, there are a number of logotherapy institutes around the
thought he had reason to believe it. world.
(B) He lived some red years without laboring. e) Here, he outlines how his theories helped him to survive
(C) During that time his sneer became chronic. his Holocaust experience and how that experience further developed
(D) He became a young man of leather. and reinforced his theories.
(6) He never conceived a respect for the world, because he had begun with
no idols that it had smashed. 13.
a) Genetic research based on an avalanche of new DNA evidence is
(1) DABC (2) ADBC (3) CBDA (4) DBCA making scientists around the world converge on an unambiguous
answer: yes, they did.
Directions for questions 11 to 25: Each questions has a group of b) This may come as a surprise to many — and a shock to some —
sentences arranged in a jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the because the dominant narrative in recent years has been
right order so that they form a coherent paragraph. that genetics research had thoroughly disproved the Aryan migration
theory.
11. c) This interpretation was always a bit of a stretch as anyone who read
(A) Shares of fertilizer firms jumped in early trading on Thursday, the nuanced scientific papers in the original knew.
after the Union Cabinet approved the proposal to continue the ongoing d) The thorniest, most fought-over question in Indian history is slowly
urea subsidy scheme from 2017 to 2020. but surely getting answered: did Indo-European language speakers, who
(B) On the Bombay Stock Exchange, Shares of Coromandel called themselves Aryans, stream into India sometime around 2,000 BC
International Ltd, flagship company of Chennai-based Murugappa – 1,500 BC when the Indus Valley civilisation came to an end, bringing
Group rose over 3% to ₹516.85. with them Sanskrit and a distinctive set of cultural practices?
(C) Meanwhile the Government said that the estimated cost of this
would be ₹1,64,935 crores, the government said.

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e) But now it has broken apart altogether under a flood of new data on (E) Expect girls to reach maximum height by 16-17 years and boys by 19-
Y-chromosomes (or chromosomes that are transmitted through the male 20 years.
parental line, from father to son). 17.
a) Paytm founder Vijay Shekhar Sharma has alleged that Facebook-
14. owned WhatsApp’s UPI payment platform has security risks for
(A) There was no triumph in his face, no elation, only the still intensity of consumers and is not in compliance with the guidelines.
contemplating the enormity of the smallness of the enemy who was b) While it is in beta testing, Sharma thinks it unlikely that there will be
destroying the world. any changes added later.
(B) Rearden stood motionless, not turning to the crowd, barely hearing the c) WhatsApp, which has over 230 million users in India, has started
applause. testing payments through its platform in the country.
(C) If this is what has beaten us, he thought, the guilt is ours. d) WhatsApp payment does not ask for log-in password, which is a huge
(D) He stood looking at the judges. security risk for consumers.
(E) He felt as if, after a journey of years through a landscape of devastation, e) He alleged that Facebook had “arm-twisted” UPI to derive the benefit.
past the ruins of great factories, the wrecks of powerful engines, the bodies
of invincible men, he had come upon the despoiler, expecting to find a giant 18.
- and had found a rat eager to scurry for cover at the first sound of a human a) Whether written down or passed on through generations, our culinary
step. heritage is usually taken for granted, in other words, we may simply not
know that we have something that needs preserving.
15. b) There are other memoirs, of course—among them language and
a) But any chance of success for a solution begins with getting religion—but what we eat is the most memorable record of where we
colleagues, managers and clients to buy into and align with your have come from, where we have been, things we have witnessed and
solution. experienced.
b) It’s time we punctured that connotation, communicating well is hard. c) Trauma can change that, especially collective, epochal trauma.
c) Sure, logical thinking and multiple perspectives lead to tangible action d) It abruptly makes people aware that their food is a memoir, which
for ideas to move and solutions to be implemented. must be preserved because it may be among the few things they can
d) For too long, communication has been looked at as a “soft skill” that carry from old lives to new.
relies on flourish and flair. e) Food is a memoir of humanity, its joys, traditions and traumas.
e) This is tough and only possible if you engage people in a constructive
and inspiring way. 19.
a) Ketones produced thus are an acid waste product that can build up in
16. the blood.
(A) Growth is dependent on growth hormones and the parents’ genes (the b) Ketones appear in the blood when there is not enough insulin in the
blueprint, in a sense). body to change sugar into energy.
(B) An optimal amount of weight-training and other exercise, in fact, assists c) When the body cannot use sugar, it uses fat and muscle stores for
children to grow to their optimal height. energy.
(C) There is no correlation between weight-training and stunting. d) The breakdown of the fat and muscle produces ketones.
(D) If weight-training were to cause it, then children carrying their school e) This can happen when there is too little insulin in the body due to not
bags should have been impacted because of this! taking enough insulin or illness.

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20. c) But, go back to history, and we find that early humans started
a) But what if there was a way to analyze your DNA and match you to migrating ‘Out of Africa’ since about 3 million years ago.
your ideal genetic partner d) Two outstanding examples of helpful immigration that happened
b) And yet, dating remains as tedious and painful as ever. during those early years are chloroplasts and mitochondria.
c) We live in a golden age of online dating, where complex algorithms e) Immigration is much in the news these days.
and innovative apps promise to pinpoint your perfect romantic match in
no time. 24.
d) The app, which launches later this month, gives users a simple DNA a) Furthermore, these ripples would travel at the speed of light through the
test in order to match them to genetically compatible mates. Universe, carrying with them information about their cataclysmic
e) That’s the promise of Pheramor, a Houston-based start-up founded by origins, as well as invaluable clues to the nature of gravity itself
three scientists that aims to disrupt dating by using your biology. b) Gravitational waves are 'ripples' in the fabric of space-time caused by
some of the most violent and energetic processes in the Universe.
21. c) Albert Einstein predicted their existence in 1916 in his general theory
a) Or maybe, used in conjunction with other technologies, it’ll illuminate of relativity.
a new corner of the neuroscience puzzle. d) In that year, two astronomers working at the Arecibo Radio
b) The Harvard lab has already spun off a small company, Quantum Observatory in Puerto Rico discovered a binary pulsar - two extremely
Diamond Technologies, to develop diamond-based imaging devices for dense and heavy stars in orbit around each other.
medical diagnostics. e) His mathematics showed that massive accelerating objects (such as
c) They don’t know what’s next, but maybe that makes for better neutron stars or black holes orbiting each other) would disrupt space-
science. time in such a way that 'waves' of distorted space would radiate from
d) Physicists are working not just on their experiments, but on driving the source (like the movement of waves away from a stone thrown into
new technology forward. a pond).
e) Eventually, they’re hoping the diamonds might be useful for imaging f) Though gravitational waves were predicted to exist in 1916,
inside the human brain, neuron by neuron, something that actual proof of their existence wouldn't arrive until 1974, 20 years after
neuroscientists have yet been unable to do. Einstein's death.

22. 25.
a) The smoke came from his mouth in hot and hasty puffs. a) The term numismatist applies to collectors and coin dealers as well as
b) He took out his pipe and hid himself among the roses. scholars using coins as source or studying coins.
c) He was usually the gentlest of masters to his pipe. b) The first group chiefly derive pleasure from the simple ownership of
d) Mr. Delamayn knitted his handsome eyebrows as he looked across the monetary devices and studying these coins as private amateur scholars.
garden. c) The third category are scholar numismatists working in public
e) The rose-garden at the back of the building was solitary for the collections, universities or as independent scholars acquiring
moment. knowledge about monetary devices, their systems, their economy and
their historical context.
23. d) The second group are the coin dealers.
a) Leave alone infection by pathogens; there have been helpful ones too. e) In the classical field amateur collector studies have achieved quite
b) In biology, this process has been on even at the single-cellular levels, remarkable progress in the field.
over 2.5 to 3 billion years ago — and continues even today.

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f) Often called professional numismatists, they authenticate or grade coins a) Dictatorial b) Accurate c) Totalitarian d) Famous
for commercial purposes.
9. The dollar in turn was linked to gold at $35 per ounce. Despite this
supposed link to gold, only foreign governments and central banks
41. SYNONYMS could redeem their dollars for gold.
a) Solution b) Asylum c) Defence d) Resolution
I. Choose a word amongst the options which is closest in meaning to the
given word 10. When politicians run out of good arguments, their last refuge is
often the claim that what they want is "necessary for national
1. Enervate defence."
a) Exhaust b) Support c) Energize d) Rigour a) Solution b) Asylum c) Defence d) Resolution
2. Abstemious 11. The Second Amendment prohibits the federal government from
a) Indulgence b) Restrain c) Affluence d) Rude infringing on rights that are natural and God-given and that pre-
exist government.
3. Dilettante a) Inquire b) Revoke c) Annul d) Breach
a) Professional b) Expert c) Tinkerer d) Musician
12. There is a connection between fiat currencies and trade deficits,
4. Addle and many cynics have argued that the US dollar's status as global
a) Cattle b) Adulterated c) Confused d) Planned reserve currency allowed Americans to consume more than they
produced for decades.
5. Vertiginous a) Expert b) Economist c) Sceptic d) Politician
s) Honest b) Vertiable c) Male d) Steep
13. It is a moot question whether changes of the latter kind actually
6. Obfuscate occur.
a) Obscure b) Obstinate c) Observe d) Obsessive a) Disputable b) Irrelevant c) Pointless d) Rhetorical
III. Choose a word amongst the options which is closest in meaning
to the underlined word ANTONYMS
7. However, his degree was delayed for years, and he came close to I. Choose a word amongst the options which is the opposite to the
not receiving it at all, because of the unprecedented intervention of given word
a faculty member.
a) Unusual b) Enmity c) Unknown d) Hostility 1. Surreptitious
a) Stealthy b) Alacrity c) Serendipitous d) Blatant
8. In America’s Great Depression, an authoritative revisionist history
of that economic debacle, Rothbard uses Austrian trade-cycle 2. Ubiquitous
theory to show that Federal Reserve inflation created the a) Scarce b) Urban c) Omnipresent d) Sophisticated
boom of the twenties and the bust of the thirties.

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3. Furtive overly aggressive with their enemies.
a) Secretive b) Open c) Clandestine d) Guilty a. Unbiased b. Fanaticism c. Zealotry d. Narrowness

4. Beguile
42. ANALOGIES
a) Enchant b) Trick c) Repel d) Preoccupy
1. MODESTY : VANITY : :
5. Urbane (1) money : funds (2) motion : repose
a) Uncouth b) Charming c) Sophisticated d) Elegant (3) resistance : obstinacy (4) disgrace : opprobrium

6. Taciturn 2. BARN : HAY : :

a) Silent b) Inarticulate c) Loquacious d)Vast (1) data : memory (2) ice : refrigerator (3) water : stream (4) granary : grain

II. Choose a word amongst the options which is the opposite to the 3.ZENITH : NADIR : :
underlined word (1) religion : faith (2) pinnacle : peak (3) summit : foot-hill (4) base : vertex

7. I cannot believe the minister’s bombastic sermon lasted three 4. INDOLENCE : WORK ::
hours! (1)taciturn : speak (2) ignorance : laziness
a. Pompous b. Obstinate (3) intuition : acumen (4) instinct : gut
c. Straightforward d. Rude
5. DOCTOR : NURSE ::
8. In Jared’s flawed family, alcoholism appears to be endemic as (1) desert : water (2) stone : sand (3) leader : follower (4) bird : flock
most of the older children have drinking problems. 6. FEAR : THREAT ::
a. Pandemic b. Endoplasmic (1) shivers : heat (2) anger : provocation
c. Native d. Genetic (3) panic : comfort (4) food : hunger

9. He is said to have remarked with an oath after Jena that he would 7. INNOCENT : PERJURY ::
make the Spanish Bourbons pay for their recent bellicose (1) honourable : cheat (2) respectable : reputable
proclamation. (3) knowledgeable : wise (4) geeky : tech-savy
a.Offensive b.Peaceful c.Xenophobic d.Interest
8. IRON : ORE ::
10. My teacher’s zest for math makes class fun and exciting for (1) leaves : trees (2) paper : trees
everyone. (3) lightning : storm (4) calligraphy : writing
a. Disinterest b. Passion c.Irritability d. Apathy
9. TAXIDERMIST : STUFFED-ANIMALS
11. Although Jerry was catatonic, his mind never ceased operating. (1)calligraphist-ink (2) chef : restaurant
a. Unresponsive b. Lively (3) teacher : students (4) cartographer : maps
c. Vegetative d. Catastrophic
10. INTERVIEW : JOB ::
12. During wars, soldiers risk being caught up in jingoism and acting (1) exam : educated (2) lottery : luck

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(3) harvest : farmer (4) competition : winner (3) shoddy : inferior (4) numbers : sequential

11. CRYPTOGRAPHY : SECURITY 21. IMPLEMENT : RULE ::

(1) ruler : monarchy (2) create : make
(1) internet : network (2) exercise : healthy (3) random : search (4) rendered : verdict
(3) numbers : finance (4) laptop : work
22. VAUNT : BOAST ::
12. SMEAR : LIBEL :: (1) basement : attic (2) foundation : complex
(1) heed : consider (2) wet: water (3) cacophony : symphony (4) skewer : criticize
(3) fish : aquatic (4) flawless : consummate
23. GAMBOL : SKIP ::
13. QUIXOTIC : PRAGMATIC :: (1) somnolent : insomnia (2) gamble : bet
(1) quirky : odd (2) serendipity : chance (3) sonorous : subtle (4) iota : meagre
(3) murky : clear (4) methodical : coherent
24. OCEAN : OYSTER ::
14. RAPID : SWIFT (1) paddy : rice (2) phonetics : words (3) liberty : choices (4) bricks : clay
(1) tactful : rude (2) vapid : insipid
(3) obfuscate : obstinate (4) critical : paltry 25. CICADA : INSECT ::
(1) cacti : desert (2) tweety : bird (3) butterfly : larva (4) collie : canine
15. PILFER : STEAL ::
(1) tranquil : tragedy (2) expedite : hinder
(3) words : meaning (4)disinterested : unselfish
43. THEME DETECTION
EXERCISE
16. FETISH : FIXATION ::
(1) slight : insult (2) obsessive : obnoxious 1. The context in the developing and third world countries is worse. Women
(3) request : decree (4) refractory : submissive here are still subject to ‘honor killings’, they are still denied their basic
rights to education and freedom, and face violence and abuse. It was
17. BOARD : TRAIN observed in a CARE project working with adolescent girls in India, that
(1) pages : book (2) study : exam (3) mount : horse (4) lines : square these girls were considered as temporary people who would cease to exist,
at least for their fathers, once they are married.
18. SON : NUCLEAR ::
(1) cousin : extended (2) fabric : clothes The passage best supports the statement that:
(3) wool : sheep (4) water : hydroelectricity A. A nation can progress only when women are given equal rights and
opportunities as men.
19. CONJUGATE : PAIR :: B. The future of women in India is quite bright and let us hope that they will
(1) red : stop (2) partition : divide (3) magnet : attract (4) poles : ice justify their abilities by rising to the occasion.
C. All women should be well treated equally.
20. TACIT : IMPLIED :: D. In many places in India, domestic violence is acceptable to women, and
(1) fluid : movement (2) beguile : repel cultural and ethical implications are imposed on their freedom.

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 A. Social life of Indian farmers in India.
2. Many argue that art cannot be defined. Art is often considered the process B. The condition of the Indian farmers should be improved. He should be
or product of deliberately arranging elements in a way that appeals to the taught the modern method of farming.
senses or emotions. It encompasses a diverse range of human activities, C. The Indian farmer is harassed by the village touts. He is harassed by the
creations and ways of expression, including music, literature, film, sculpture money-lenders and the tax collectors.
and paintings. D. Farmers are the backbone of the nation.

The passage best supports the statement that: 5. Most social network services are web-based and provide means for users to
A. Art is defined as a form of human expression of a creative nature. interact over the Internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging. Online
B. Artist realises his dreams through his artistic creation. community services are sometimes considered as a social network service,
C. Art is governed by external rules and conditions. though in a broader sense, social network service usually means an
D. Art requires that nothing shall attain the work except through art itself. individual-centered service whereas online community services are group-
centered. Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, pictures, posts,
3. The model was extended to establish a relationship between financial activities, events, and interests with people in their network.
development and economic growth. Co-integration results show that
capital–output ratio and rate of growth of human capital have positive The passage best supports the statement that:
effects on real rate of growth of GDP, irrespective of the indicator of stock A. Facebook service consists of a representation of each user (often a
market development. An increase in the market capitalization dampens profile), his/her social links, and a variety of additional services.
economic growth, whereas turnover has no significant effect, and an B. A social networking service is a platform to build social networks or
increase in the money market rate of interest has a positive effect on social relations among people who, for example, share interests, activities,
economic growth in India. backgrounds, or real-life connections.
C. Several websites are beginning to tap into the power of the social
The passage best supports the statement that: networking model for philanthropy.
A. Reform measures on the market rate of interest that were introduced in D. Companies have begun to merge business technologies and solutions,
the Indian banking system appear to have promoted economic growth such as cloud computing, with social networking concepts.
significantly.
B. The impact of the developments in the financial sector on economic 6. Most of the child labourers are engaged in agriculture and allied subject like
growth in India. livestock, foresting and fisheries. In the urban areas, children work in
C. There is a shift in our economy from a manufacturing to a service dhabas, eateries helpers or cleaners in trucks and as domestic servants etc.
orientation. They have long working hours, bad and unhygienic working conditions and
D. Real wealth, real effective exchange rate and the rate of growth of labour fewer wages. The main reason behind child labour is poverty.
have negative effects.
The passage best supports the statement that:
4. The Indian farmer celebrates the social function in the simplest manner A. Child Labour is a social evil in every nation.
possible. He celebrates a lot of festivals round the year. He celebrates the B. Awareness of the people and Government also compels poor parents to
wedding of his sons and daughters. He entertains his kith and kin and make their children employed as laborers.
friends and neighbours. C. Almost every country in the world has laws relating to and aimed at
preventing child labour.
The passage best supports the statement that:

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 D. Parties recognise the right of the child to be protected from economic The passage best supports the statement that:
exploitation and from performing any work. A. Sometimes, Manifestos relating to religious belief are generally referred
to as creeds.
B. A piece of Personal Information Manager software.
7. Terrorism is one of the bad debts to the world. And the people's are affected C. The words in which they are conveyed seem to be their greatest strength
this type of violence. Terrorism means the policy of striking terror in the for now.
minds of the people by violent methods to achieve some ends. D. Protect the weak and poor through initiatives that are designed to
integrate them in the economy.
The passage best supports the statement that:
A. It could also take a toll on his self-respect, confidence and ability to 10. Deforestation results from removal of trees without sufficient reforestation;
stand up for himself in the future, because in his mind, he's always the however, even with reforestation, significant biodiversity loss may occur.
guilty one. There are many causes, ranging from slow forest degradation to sudden and
B. In ballet class, children need to follow directions closely and control catastrophic wildfires.
their urges to run around the wide-open spaces .
C. It is a law of the jungle to use muscle power and force to get things done. The passage best supports the statement that:
D. It's not the disagreements between parents that's harmful, it's how those A. A modeling study shows that reforesting the Lower Mississippi Alluvial
conflicts are handled and resolved in front of their child. Valley can significantly reduce runoff from agricultural lands.
B. A new study warns that the world’s largest tropical desert, the Sahara,
8. The children, who know no English and haven’t received any formal has suffered a catastrophic collapse of its wildlife.
school education, quickly begin playing with the machine and, within days, C. It's not just the total number of species preserved that matters; it's the
they’re learning English, browsing the internet and teaching each other what number of key species.
they discover. D. In developing countries, massive deforestation is ongoing and is shaping
climate and geography.
The passage best supports the statement that:
A. No other form of communication in the natural world transfers so much 11. The virtue of art does not allow the work to be interfered with or
information in such a short period of time. immediately ruled by anything other than itself. It insists that it alone shall
B. There is no genetic code that leads a child to speak English or Spanish or touch the work in order to bring it into being. Art requires that nothing shall
Japanese. attain the work except through art itself.
C. The proliferation of mobile devices and social networks is leading to This passage best supports the statement that:
entirely new ways of learning. A. art is governed by external rules and conditions.
D. It is very common for teachers in early childhood classrooms to have B. art is for the sake of art and life.
children with speech and language delays. C. art is for the sake of art alone.
D. artist realises his dreams through his artistic creation.

9. The manifestos of the major political parties in the country are like semantic 12. It is up to our government and planners to devise ways and means
adaptations of the same expressions, with only a few differences. They try for the mobilisation of about ten crore workers whose families total up
to force national consensus on certain issues, but only strategy and about forty crore men, women and children. Our agriculture is over-
implementation will separate them. manned. A lesser number of agriculturists would mean more purchasing or
spending power to every agriculturist. This will result in the shortage of

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man-power for many commodities to be produced for which there will be a D. mercy is the noblest form of revenge.
new demand from a prosperous agrarian class. This shortage will be E. a person with calm and composed nature has depth of thought and
removed by surplus man-power released from agriculture as suggested vision.
above.
15. One of the important humanitarian by-products of technology is the greater
The passage best supports the statement that: dignity and value that it imparts to human labour. In a highly industrialized
A. Indian economy is in a poor shape basically due to improper society, there is no essential difference between Brahmin and Dalit, Muslim
mobilisation of man-power. and Hindu; they are equally useful and hence equally valuable for in the
B. employment in production is more fruitful than employment in industrial society individual productivity fixes the size of the pay cheque
agriculture. and this fixes social status.
C. a shift of labour from agricultural sector to the industrial sector would
uplift the living standard. The passage best supports the statement that:
D. the industrial sector is labour-deficient while the agricultural sector is A. technology decides individual's social status.
over-manned in our country. B. castes and religions are man-made.
C. human labour has dignity and value.
13. Though the waste of time or the expenditure on fashions is very D. all individuals, irrespective of caste and creed, are born equal.
large, yet fashions have come to stay. They will not go, come what may. E. industrial society is a great leveller of men.
However, what is now required is that strong efforts should be made to
displace the excessive craze for fashion from the minds of these 16. Education system of Indian Schools vs Gurukuls system of education
youngsters. i. Gurukul education system provides students the knowledge about Hindu
The passage best supports the statement that: religion, brings close to nature, yogasanas, knowledge about practical
A. fashion is the need of the day. situations of life etc. Modern education provides knowledge about
B. the excessive craze for fashion is detrimental to one's personality. technology, electronic systems, latest gadgets etc.
C. the hoard for fashion should be done away with so as not to let down the ii. In India, lack of education in a huge number of individuals has turned the
constructive development. dreams of ‘Education for All’ into empty dreams. Mainly, population
D. work and other activities should be valued more than the outward explosion has put an overwhelming weight on its available infrastructure
appearance. and resources. India has the world’s biggest populace of illiterates. As
indicated by 2011 evaluation, literacy rate has gone just up to 74% from
14. To forgive an injury is often considered to be a sign of weakness; it is 65%. For guys, it has ascended to 82% from 75%, for females to 65% from
really a sign of strength. It is easy to allow oneself to be carried away by 54%.
resentment and hate into an act of vengeance; but it takes a strong character iii. Modern Education System has evolved with time and has been
to restrain those natural passions. The man who forgives an injury proves influenced by the western system. It has been affected by the changes and
himself to be the superior of the man who wronged himself and puts the advances in technology. The education system has incorporated
wrong-doer to shame. technologies like ebooks, video lectures, distance learning through video
chat, demonstrations through 3-D imagery, etc. There is no doubt that the
The passage best supports the statement that: system has evolved to incorporate the technological developments. These
A. the sufferer alone knows the intensity of his sufferings. have helped the students in grasping better knowledge through visual aids
B. people tend to forgive the things happened in the past. that help in increasing retention. Teaching methods are continuously
C. natural passions are difficult to suppress. upgraded as per advanced research and developments.

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 A) Only i
B) Only ii a country's economic standard can be best adjudged by per
A.
C) Only iii capital income.
D) All of these
E) None of these a country's balance of trade is the main criteria of determining
B.
its economic prosperity.
17. Is dieting reasonable?
i. Often it’s the dieter who is unreasonable, makes poor choices, excessive
restriction, unrealistic or unhealthy goals. In these cases, the diet may be C. a nation's economy strengthens with the increase in exports.
unreasonable. But generally speaking, assuming a reasonable person is
leading the efforts, no, dieting is not unreasonable.
English trade has continually increased since the Second World
ii. If you’re cutting the diet and compromising on the calories, it won’t cut D.
War.
your fats. It will simply torture your body till you are dieting. There will be
a deficiency in the body. By dieting, your fat won’t disappear. Your 19. There has been a wide speculation regarding the government’s plan of
muscles will shrink down. Due to the shrinking of muscles, your weight launching a smartphone for just Rs. 251. Many people are optimistic while
reduces drastically and you become happy that you lost your weight. Well, some are not. All have a common doubt about the feasibility and the profit
that is a short-term weight loss. Once you leave dieting, your body will start of the company to launch smartphone for such a low price. The doubt is
growing with the more speed than the earlier one. quite natural as a simple battery costs Rs. 400-500 and an earphone costs
iii. Dieting is reasonable only if your body gets all the essential nutrients – Rs. 200-300, then how can the company make profit out of such budget?
and by that, what I meant is the nutrients that cannot be synthesised by the Guess the view of the author about the scheme of the government.
body. Our body is amazing, it is able to synthesise numerous compounds A – Optimistic B - Pessimistic
the moment it enters our mouth. C – Neutral D – Puzzled
A) All except ii
B) Both i and ii 20. Gone are the days where you used to score good marks by reading your
C) Both ii and iii books and subjects prescribed in your course of syllabus. Now every board
D) All of these of education is changing their style of education and exam format.
E) None of these Nowadays, to get good marks, you have to read the out of the regular course
of syllabus and also take help of the Internet if needed.
18. Exports and imports, a swelling favourable balance of trade, investments The passage well describes the fact:
and bank-balances, are not an index or a balance sheet of national Options :
prosperity. Till the beginning of the Second World War, English exports A - Internet is necessary nowadays.
were noticeably greater than what they are today. And yet England has B - You need to focus less on outside activities and more on study.
greater national prosperity today than it ever had. Because the income of C - Knowledge of a particular subject in all aspects is important.
average Englishmen, working as field and factory labourers, clerks, D - Study has become so important that all extracurricular activities should
policemen, petty shopkeepers and shop assistants, domestic workers and be curbed.
other low-paid workers, has gone up.

The passage best supports the statement that: 44. IDIOMS AND PHRASES

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Idiom - Definition:
5. What is the correct meaning of the idiom ‘once in a blue moon’?
An idiom is a group of words expressed in a particular order so that it has a 1) an event that is very secretive in nature
particular meaning which may be different from the meanings of each word 2) an event that happens very rarely
on its own. 3) a false or erroneous statement
For example, the idiom ‘Beat around the bush’ means ‘not directly 4) to give up on something
addressing the issue at hand’ or ‘avoiding discussing the issue at hand’
Choose the right synonyms for the given idioms and phrases.
Phrase – Definition:
6. All at sea
A phrase is a group of two or more words used to express an idea. However, A) In a state of fear
a phrase is usually an incomplete sentence. B) Not very knowledgeable of the issues being discussed.
‘I eat’, ‘She ran’, ‘He slept’ etc. are examples of phrases. C) a mortal threat
D) Utterly confused
Questions:
7. Oily tongue
1. For the mother and father, their adorable three-year old son is 1) a hungry person 2) expensive cuisine
_______________ 3) flattery 4) strong criticism
1) the apple of their eye
2) biting off more than one could he could chew 8. To have cold feet
3) raining cats and dogs 1) to feel very cold 2) To develop a fever
4) None of the above 3) To lose confidence 4) to pour cold water on something

2. Thanks to the suddenly formed cyclone, it _______________ 9. Gift of the gab

1) is raining cats and dogs 2) is a little under the weather 1) To present a gift 2) to have a talent for speaking
3) stole someone’s thunder 4) is as right as rain 3) To throw a surprise 4) None of the above

3. What is the meaning of the idiom ‘to have an axe to grind’? 10. To be above board
1) to fail to show an interest 1) To have no doubts 2) To be able to run fast
2) to perform a pointless task 3) To be always honest 4) To be superficial
3) to have a private or selfish reason to do something
4) None of the above In each of the following questions, a sentence is given in which idiom is
underlined. From the given options, choose the right alternative that
4. For centuries, men believed that the Sun revolved around the Earth only conveys the same meaning as the idiom.
to be told that __________ 11. Being the head of a large debt-ridden organization, the Chairman was
1) they were barking up the wrong tree barely able to keep his head above the water.
2) they were biting off more than they could chew 1) To run the organization
3) they were larger than life 2) to be barely able manage financial difficulties
4) they were playing it by the ear 3) To avoid quarrel or fights.

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4) to work peacefully. 3) try to obtain something 4) None of the above

12. Why does she always wish to tread on John’s toes? In each of the following questions, a sentence is given in which an idiom
1) to follow John unfailingly 2) to order John around or phrasal verb is underlined. From the given options, choose the right
3) to offend John 4) None of the above alternative that conveys the exactly opposite meaning as the phrasal
verb.
13. The Twenty20 match was a wash-out due to heavy rains.
1) A grand success 2) postponement 21. The failure of team to win the world cup last year put the captain in a
3) an utter failure 4) program conducted with a lot of hiccups tight corner.
1) In a closed room 2) In a small field
14. The king turned a deaf ear to the advice of all his ministers 3) In a difficult situation 4) In a comfortable position
1) had a deaf ear 2) would have liked to have a deaf ear
3) got angered 4) ignored 22. The story of the accused does not hold water.
1) Is not worthy of appreciation 2) deserves our attention
15. Vijay always preferred to sit on the fence, in case there was any dispute 3) Cannot be believed 4) Is believable
in the meeting.
1) provide a kick-start 2) Be aggressive 23. Trying to catch the thief turned out to be a wild goose chase.
3) Be bold and steadfast 4) to take neither side 1) Hunting an animal 2) A futile search
3) A fruitful search 4) None of the above
In each of the following questions, a sentence is given in which a
phrasal verb is underlined. From the given options, choose the right 24. During his initial days at his new job, he was all at sea.
alternative that conveys the same meaning as the phrasal verb. 1) Happy
2) Unhappy
16. The possibility of a murder was ruled out by the police. 3) Confused
1) confirmed 2) Cleared 3) proved 4) rejected 4) Pellucid
17. Ghengis Khan set out on a conquest of his enemies.
1) aborted 2) started 3) settled 4) stopped 25. Indian IT industry has been going places in the past two decades.
1) Going abroad
18. Arvind was passed over for consideration for promotions in the 2) Extremely successful
organization 3) Unsuccessful
1) accepted 2) ignored 3) clarified 4) advocated 4) Friendly and amicable

19. The government decided to write off farmers’ debts.

1) provide proper documentation 2) defer the decision
3) cancel 4) None of the above

20. When we tried to look up Vishal’s name in the telephone directory, over
100 results came up.
1) examine 2) search in a list

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