Some suggested reading

 Anderson Digby C & Michael Mosbacher (Eds) (1997) The British Woman

Today: A Qualitative Survey of the Images in Women's Magazines.London:
Social Affairs Unit   [see Redfern below for a critique]
 Archer, D, B Iritani, D Kimes & M Barrios (1983) 'Face-Ism-- 5 Studies of Sex-
Differences in Facial Prominence', Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology 45(4): 725-35
 Barthel, Diane (1992): 'When Men put on Appearances: Advertising and the
Social Construction of Masculinity", in Craig op.cit.
 Benwell, Bethan (Ed) (2003) Masculinity and Men's Lifestyle
Magazines. Oxford: Blackwell
 Beynon, John (2002) Masculinities and Culture. Buckingham: Open University
Press
 Bignell, Jonathan (1997) Media Semiotics: An Introduction. Manchester:
Manchester University Press [caution - labels photographic media as primarily
iconic rather than primarily indexical]
 Bordo, Susan (1999) The Male Body: A New Look at Men in Public and in
Private. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux
 Breazeale, Kenon (1994) 'In Spite of Women: Esquire Magazine and the
Construction of the Male Consumer', Signs 20(1), Autumn
 Caughie, John, Annette Kuhn & Mandy Merck (Eds.) (1992) The Sexual
Subject: A  Screen  Reader in Sexuality. London: Routledge
 Chandler, Daniel (1998) 'Notes on "the Gaze"'. [WWW
document] URL http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/gaze/gaze.html
 Chandler, Daniel (1998) Semiotics for Beginners. [WWW
document] URL http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B/sem09.html
 Chandler, Daniel (2002) 'Levi Strauss Launderette (1985) [Notes]' [WWW
document] URLhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC30820/launderette.
html [for references to the male body in advertising generally]
 Chandler, Daniel (2007) Semiotics: The Basics (2nd Edn.). London: Routledge
 Chapman, Rowena & Jonathan Rutherford (Eds) (1996) Male Order:
Unwrapping Masculinity. London: Lawrence & Wishart
 Churcher, Sharon & Steven S Gaines (1994) Obsession: The Lives and Times
of Calvin Klein. New York: Carol Publishing Group
 Clare, Alexander (1998) 'A Semiotic Analysis of Magazine Ads for Men's
Fragrances' [WWW
document] URLhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Students/awc9401.html
 Cleto, Fabio (Ed) (1999) Camp: Queer Aesthetics and the Performing
Subject. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
 Cooper, Emmanuel (1995) Fully Exposed: The Male Nude in
Photography. London: Routledge
 Courtney, Alice E & Thomas W Whipple (1983) Sex Stereotyping in
Advertising. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books
 Craig, Steve (1991) 'Images of Men and Masculinity in the Mass Media: A
Selected Research Bibliography' [WWW
document] URLhttp://www.rtvf.unt.edu/html/craig/pdfs/mascbibl.PDF
 Craig, Steve (1992): 'Men's Men and Women's Women: How TV Commercials
Portray Gender to Different Audiences'. In Robert E Kemper (Ed):Issues and
Effects of Mass Communication: Contemporary Voices. San Diego, CA:
Capstone Publishers pp. 89-99; [WWW
document] URLhttp://www.rtvf.unt.edu/html/craig/pdfs/menmen.pdf
 Craig, Steve (Ed.) (1992) Men, Masculinity and the Media. Newbury Park, CA:
Sage
 Culbertson, Philip (1998): 'Designing Men: Reading the Male Body as
Text' Textual Reasoning 7; [WWW
 document] URLhttp://etext.virginia.edu/journals/tr/archive/volume7/Culberts
on1.html
 Dines, G. & J. M. Humez (Eds.) (1995) Gender, Race and Class in Media: A
Text-Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
 Dutton, Kenneth R (1995) The Perfectible Body: The Western Ideal of Physical
Development. London: Cassell
 Dyer, Richard ([1982] 1992a): 'Don't Look Now: The Male Pin-Up'. In
Caughie et al. (Eds.) op. cit., pp. 265-76; also in Dyer (1992b), op. cit., pp.
103-119
 Dyer, Richard (1992b) Only Entertainment. London: Routledge
 Dyer, Richard (1993) The Matter of Images: Essays on
Representation. London: Routledge
 Edwards, Tim (1997) Men in the Mirror: Men's Fashion, Masculinity and
Consumer Society. London: Cassell
 Ferguson, Marjorie (1983) Forever Feminine: Women's Magazines and the Cult
of Femininity. London: Heinemann
 Flood, Michael (1992) 'The Men's Bibliography' [WWW
document] URL http://mensbiblio.xyonline.net/
 Goffman, Erving (1976) Gender Advertisements. New York: Harper Colophon
[NB: A key source]
 Hall, Stephen S (1998) 'The Troubled Life of Boys: The Bully in the Mirror'
[WWW document] URLhttp://www.uoregon.edu/~mpeters/jock.html
 Heller, Steven (Ed) (2000) Sex Appeal: The Art of Allure in Graphic and
Advertising Design. New York: Allworth Press
 Hermes, Joke (1995) Reading Women's Magazines. Cambridge: Polity Press
 Hill, Daniel Delis (2002) Advertising to the American Woman, 1900-
1999. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press
 Horrocks, Roger (1995) Male Myths and Icons: Masculinity in Popular
Culture. London: Macmillan
 Jackson, Peter, Nick Stevenson & Kate Brooks (2001) Making Sense of Men's
Magazines. Cambridge: Polity
 Jobling, Paul (1999) Fashion Spreads: Word and Image in Fashion
Photography since 1980. Oxford: Berg
 Kaye, Richard (2000) 'The Masculine Mystique' (review of Susan Bordo's The
Male Body) [WWW document] URLhttp://www.iath.virginia.edu/pmc/text-
only/issue.900/11.1.r_kaye.txt
 Kervin, Denise (1987) 'Gender Coding in Magazine Advertisements', Journal of
Visual/Verbal Languaging 7:1: 52-9
 Kervin, Denise (1990) 'Advertising Masculinity: The Representation of Males
in Esquire Advertisements', Journal of Communication Inquiry14(1): 51-69
 Kitch, Carolyn (2001) The Girl on the Magazine Cover. Chapel Hill, NC:
University of North Carolina Press
 Lehman, Peter (1995) Running Scared: Masculinity and the Representation of
the Male Body. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press
 Leiss, William, Stephen Kline & Sut Jhally (1990) Social Communication in
Advertising. London: Routledge
 Leymore, Varda Langholz (1975) Hidden Myth: Structure and Symbolism is
Advertising. New York: Basic Books
 Manca, L & A (Eds.) (1994) Gender and Utopia in Advertising. Lisle, IL:
Procopian Press
 McCracken, Ellen (1993) Decoding Women's Magazines: From 'Mademoiselle'
to 'Ms'. Basingstoke: Macmillan
 McRobbie, Angela (1991) Feminism and Youth Culture: From 'Jackie' to 'Just
Seventeen'. London: Macmillan
 McRobbie, Angela (1996) 'More! New Sexualities in Girls' and Women's
Magazines'. In James Curran, David Morley & Valerie Walkerdine
(Eds.)Cultural Studies and Communications. London: Arnold, pp. 172-194
 Millum, Trevor (1975) Images of Woman: Advertising in Women's
Magazines. London: Chatto & Windus
 Mistry, Reena (nd) 'From "Hearth and Home" to a Queer Chic: A Critical
Analysis of Progressive Depictions of Gender in Advertising' [WWW
document] URL http://www.theory.org.uk/mistry.htm
 Mort, Frank (1996) Cultures of Consumption. New York: Routledge
 Nardi, Peter (Ed) (2000) Gay Masculinities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
 Nixon, Sean (1996) Hard Looks: Masculinities, Spectatorship and
Contemporary Consumption. New York: St Martin's Press
 Phillips, Rebecca (2000) 'Advertisers' Strategies to Target Gay Audiences
in Attitude and Gay Times' [WWW
document] URLhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Students/rrp9601.html
 Popcorn, Faith and Lys Marigold (2001) Eve-olution: The 8 Truths of Marketing
to Women. London: HarperCollins 
 Pultz, John (1995) Photography and the Body. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson
 Redfern, Catherine (2001) 'The British Woman Today: A Qualitative Survey of
the Images in Women's Magazines [review]' . In The F-Word: Conteporary UK
Feminism [WWW
document] URLhttp://www.thefword.org.uk/reviews/2001/06/the_british_wo
man_today_a_qualitative_survey_of_the_images_in_womens_magazines
 Reichert, Tom & Jacqueline Lambiase (Eds) (2003) Sex in Advertising:
Perspectives on the Erotic Appeal. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
 Riedel, Brian (1996): 'Reading the Gay Male Body' [WWW
document] URL http://www.ibiblio.org/grendel/malebody/abstract.html
 Schehr, Lawrence R (1997) Parts of an Andrology: On Representations of
Men's Bodies. Stanford: Stanford University Press
 Smicker, Josh (nd) 'The Androgynous Mystique: CK One, Heroin, and The
Fluidity of the Self' [WWW
document] URLhttp://www.angelfire.com/geek/shunyatazero/
 Spicuzza, Mary (2000) 'Beef Cake Blues' (from Metro) [WWW
document] URLhttp://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/07.06.00/cover/bo
dyobsession1-0027.html
 Thomas, Calvin (1998) Male Matters: Masculinity, Anxiety, and the Male Body
on the Line. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press
 Threadgold, Terry & Anne Cranny-Francis (Eds) (1990) Feminine, Masculine
and Representation. Sydney: Allen & Unwin
 Wernick, Andrew (1987) 'From Voyeur to Narcissist: Imaging Men in
Contemporary Advertising'. In Michael Kaufman (Ed) Beyond patriarchy:
Essays by Men on Pleasure, Power and Change. Toronto: Oxford University
Press, pp. 277-97
 White, Philip G & James Gillett (1994) 'Reading the Muscular Body: A Critical
Decoding of Advertisements in Flex magazine', Sociology of Sport
Journal 11(1), March
 Ableman, Paul (1982) Anatomy of Nakedness. London: Orbis
 Barnard, Malcolm (2005) Graphic Design as Communication. London:
Routledge
 Beasley, Ron & Marcel Danesi (2002) Persuasive Signs: The Semiotics of
Advertising. New York: Mouton de Gruyter (Chapter 1)
 Berger, Arthur Asa (1989) Seeing is Believing: An Introduction to Visual
Communication. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield
 Berger, John (1972) Ways of Seeing. London: BBC/Penguin
 Betterton, Rosemary (Ed) (1987) Looking On: Images of Femininity in the
Visual Arts and Media. London: Pandora
 Birren, Faber (1956) Selling Color to People. New York: University Books
 BLOCK (Ed) (1996) The Block Reader in Visual Culture. London: Routledge
 Bordo, Susan (1999) The Male Body: A New Look at Men in Public and in
Private. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux
 Calefato, Patrizia (2004) The Clothed Body. Oxford: Berg
 Carson, Fiona & Claire Pajaczkowska (Eds) (2001) Feminist Visual
Culture. New York: Routledge
 Caughie, John, Annette Kuhn & Mandy Merck (Eds.) (1992) The Sexual
Subject: A Screen Reader in Sexuality. London: Routledge
 Chandler, Daniel (2001) Semiotics: The Basics. London: Routledge
 Churcher, Sharon & Steven S. Gaines (1994) Obsession: The Lives and Times
of Calvin Klein. New York: Carol
 Clare, Alexander (1998) 'A Semiotic Analysis of Magazine Ads for Men's
Fragrances' [WWW document]
URLhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Students/awc9401.html (student essay)
 Cooper, Emmanuel (1995) Fully Exposed: The Male Nude in Photography.
London: Routledge
 Courtney, Alice E. & Thomas W. Whipple (1983) Sex Stereotyping in
Advertising. Lexington: MA: Lexington Books
 Culbertson, Philip (1998): 'Designing Men: Reading the Male Body as
Text' Textual Reasoning 7; [WWW document]
URLhttp://www.bu.edu/mzank/STR/tr-archive/tr7/Culbertson1.html
 Davis, Fred (1992) Fashion, Culture and Identity. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press
 Dutton, Kenneth R. (1995) The Perfectible Body: The Western Ideal of
Physical Development. London: Cassell
 Dyer, Gillian (1982) Advertising as Communication. London: Methuen
 Dyer, Richard ([1982] 1992a) ‘Don’t Look Now: The Male Pin-Up’. In
Caughie et al. (Eds.) op. cit., pp. 265-76; also in Dyer (1992b), op. cit., pp.
103-119
 Dyer, Richard (1992b) Only Entertainment. London: Routledge
 Dzamic, Lazar (2001) No-Copy Advertising. Hove: RotoVision
 Edwards, Tim (1997) Men in the Mirror: Men's Fashion, Masculinity and
Consumer Society. London: Cassell
 Ellenzweig, Allen (1992) The Homoerotic Photograph: Male Images from
Durieu/Delacroix to Mapplethorpe. New York: Columbia University Press
 Emmison, Michael & Philip Smith (2002) Researching the Visual: Images,
Objects, Contexts and Interactions in Social and Cultural Inquiry(Introducing
Qualitative Methods). London: Sage
 Evans, Jessica & Stuart Hall (Eds) (1999) Visual Culture: The Reader.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
 Forceville, Charles (1998) Pictorial Metaphor in Advertising. London: Routledge
 Fowles, Jib (1996) Advertising and Popular Culture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
 Fox, Roy F. (Ed) (1994) Images in Language, Media and Mind. Urbana, IL:
NCTE
 Gochenour, Phil (nd) 'Calvin Klein's "Pornographic Gaze"' [WWW document]
URL http://www.cc.emory.edu/ALTJNL/Editorials/Klein_index.html
 Goffman, Erving (1979) Gender Advertisements. New York: Harper & Row
 Hall, Judtih A. (1990) Nonverbal Sex Differences: Accuracy of Communication
and Expressive Style. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press
 Hecker, Sidney & David W. Stewart (Eds) (1988) Nonverbal Communication in
Advertising. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books/D C Heath
 Heller, Steven (Ed) (2000) Sex Appeal: The Art of Allure in Graphic and
Advertising Design. New York: Allworth Press
 Henley, Nancy M. (1977) Body Politics: Power, Sex and Nonverbal
Communication. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
 Heywood, Ian & Barry Sandywell (Eds) (1999) Interpreting Visual Culture:
Explorations in the Hermeneutics of the Visual. London: Routledge
 Howells, Richard (2003) Visual Culture. Cambridge: Polity
 Hubbard, Rita (1994) 'Sex and the Selling of Male Fragrances', in Manca,
Alessandra & Luigi (Eds.) (1994) Gender & Utopia in Advertising: A Critical
Reader. Lisle, IL: Procopian Press, pp. 67-94
 Irvine, Susan (1995) Perfume: The Creation and Allure of Classic Fragrances.
London: Aurum
 Jenks, Chris (1995) Visual Culture. London: Routledge
 Jobling, Paul (1999) Fashion Spreads: Word and Image in Fashion
Photography since 1980. Oxford: Berg
 Jones, Amelia (Ed) (2003) The Feminism and Visual Culture Reader. London:
Routledge
 Kaiser, Susan B. (1997) The Social Psychology of Clothing: Symbolic
Appearances in Context (2nd Edn). New York: Fairchild
 Kervin, Denise (1990): 'Advertising Masculinity: The Representation of Males
in Esquire Advertisements', Journal of Communication Inquiry14(1): 51-69
 Lake, Max (1989) Scents and Sensuality: The Essence of Excitement. London:
John Murray
 Lambiase, Jacqueline & Tom Reichert (2003) 'Promises, Promises: Exploring
Erotic Rhetoric in Sexually Oriented Advertising'. In Linda Scott and Rajeev
Batra (Eds.) Persuasive Imagery: A Consumer Perspective. Mahwah, NJ:
Erlbaum, pp. 247-66
 Langholz Leymore, Varda (1975) Hidden Myth: Structure and Symbolism in
Advertising. New York: Basic Books
 Lester, Paul Martin (2000) Visual Communication: Images with
Messages. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth
 Malossi, Giannino (2000) Material Man: Masculinity, Sexuality, Style. New
York: Abrams
 McCracken, Ellen (1993) Decoding Women's Magazines: From 'Mademoiselle'
to 'Ms'. Basingstoke: Macmillan
 Messaris, Paul (1994) Visual 'Literacy': Image, Mind, and Reality. Boulder, CO:
Westview Press
 Messaris, Paul (1997) Visual Persuasion: The Role of Images in
Advertising. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
 Mirzoeff, Nicholas (Ed) (1998) The Visual Culture Reader. London: Routledge
 Moriarty, Sandra (nd) 'Visual Semiotics and the Production of Meaning in
Advertising' [WWW Documents]
URLhttp://spot.colorado.edu/~moriarts/vissemiotics.html
 Moriarty, Sandra (nd) 'An Interpretive Study of Visual Cues in Advertising'
[WWW Documents] URLhttp://spot.colorado.edu/~moriarts/viscueing.html
 Nixon, Sean (1996) Hard Looks: Masculinities, Spectatorship and
Contemporary Consumption. New York: St Martin's Press
 Pavitt, Jane (2000) Brand.new. London: V & A
 Prosser, Jon (Ed) (1998) Image-Based Research: A Sourcebook for Qualitative
Researchers. London: Routledge
 Pultz, John (1995) Photography and the Body. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson
 Reichert, Tom (2005) Sex in Consumer Culture: The Erotic Content of Media
and Marketing. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
 Reichert, Tom & Jacqueline Lambiase (Eds) (2003) Sex in Advertising:
Perspectives on the Erotic Appeal. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
 Reschke, Nadin (1998) 'A Semiotic Analysis of a Cosmetics Ad and its
Interpretation by Readers' [WWW document]
URLhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Students/nnr9501.html (student essay)
 Robinson, Julian (1988) Body Packaging: A Guide to Human Sexual
Display. Sydney: Watermark Press
 Rohlinger, Deana A. (2002) 'Eroticising men: Cultural influences on advertising
and male objectification' [WWW document]
URLhttp://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m2294/2002_Feb/90888979/p1/article.j
html?term=participant+observation+audience+research
 Smicker, Josh (nd): 'The Androgynous Mystique: CK One, Heroin, and The
Fluidity of the Self' [WWW document]
URLhttp://www.angelfire.com/geek/shunyatazero/
 Spicuzza, Mary (2000): 'Beef Cake Blues' (from Metro) [WWW document]
URLhttp://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/07.06.00/cover/bodyobsession
1-0027.html
 Tomaselli, Keyan G. (1996) Appropriating Images: The Semiotics of Visual
Representation. Højbjerg, Denmark: Intervention Press
 Tucker, Lauren (2000) 'Talking Back to Calvin Klein: Youthful "Targets"
Confront Their Commercial Image', in Robin Anderson & Lance Strate
(Eds) Critical Studies in Media Commercialism. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, pp. 225-33
 van Leeuwen, Theo & Carey Jewitt (Eds.) (2001) Handbook of Visual
Analysis. London: Sage
 Walker, John A. & Sarah Chaplin (1997) Visual Culture: An
Introduction. Manchester: Manchester University Press
 Wernick, Andrew (1987): 'From Voyeur to Narcissist: Imaging Men in
Contemporary Advertising'. In Michael Kaufman (Ed) Beyond Patriarchy:
Essays by Men on Pleasure, Power and Change. Toronto: Oxford University
Press, pp. 277-97
 White, Philip G & James Gillett (1994): 'Reading the Muscular Body: A Critical
Decoding of Advertisements in Flex magazine', Sociology of Sport
Journal 11(1), March
 Williams, Gareth (2000) Branded? Products and Their Personalities. London:
V&A
 Woerner, Peter & Egon Oelkers (1989) Fragrance Guide: Feminine Notes;
Masculine Notes. Hamburg: Verlagsgesellschaft R Gloess
 Zettl, Herbert (1990) Sight, Sound, Motion: Applied Media Aesthetics (2nd
Edn). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth