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Microsoft .Net Framework Tutorials

 What is Microsoft .Net Framework

 what are the functions of microsoft .net framework?
 Common Language Runtime in .Net Framework
 How to Common Language Runtime
 What is .Net Framework Class Library
 What is Common Language Specification
 What is Common Type System
 What is Microsoft Intermediate Language
 What is Portable Executable (PE) File Format
 What is Microsoft Just In Time Compiler
 How to Managed Code - Microsoft .Net Framework
 What is .Net Framework Metadata
 what is .Net Framework Assembly
 What is Assembly Manifest
 What is Global Assembly Cache
 What is a .Net Satellite Assembly?
 What are the contents of an Assembly?
 How to Private Assembly and Shared Assembly
 What is Microsoft .Net Strong Name
 What is .Net Namespaces
 What is Application Domain
 What is Code Access Security
 What is Garbage Collection
 .Net Threads
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What is Microsoft .Net Framework

The Microsoft .Net Framework is a platform that provides tools and
technologies you need to build Networked Applications as well as
Distributed Web Services and Web Applications. The .Net
Framework provides the necessary compile time and run-time
foundation to build and run any language that conforms to the
Common Language Specification (CLS).The main two components of
.Net Framework are Common Language Runtime (CLR) and .Net
Framework Class Library (FCL).

The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the runtime environment

of the .Net Framework , that executes and manages all running
code like a Virtual Machine. The .Net Framework Class Library (FCL)
is a huge collection of language-independent and type-safe reusable
classes. The .Net Framework Class Libraries (FCL) are arranged into
a logical grouping according to their functionality and usability is
called Namespaces. The following lessosns describes how to .Net
Framework manages the code in compile time and run time .

How to Microsoft .Net Framework

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Microsoft .Net Languages Source Code are compiled into Microsoft

Intermediate Language (MSIL) . MSIL we can call it as Intermediate
Language (IL) or Common Intermediate Language (CIL). Microsoft
Intermediate Language (MSIL) is a CPU independent set of
instructions that can be converted to the native code. Metadata also
created in the course of compile time with Microsoft Intermediate
Language (MSIL) and stored it with the compiled code . Metadata is
completely self-describing . Metadata is stored in a file called
Manifest, and it contains information about the members, types,
references and all the other data that the Common Language
Runtime (CLR) needs for execution .

The Common Language Runtime (CLR) uses metadata to locate and

load classes, generate native code, provide security, and execute
Managed Code. Both Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) and
Metadata assembled together is known as Portable Executable (PE)
file. Portable Executable (PE) is supposed to be portable across all
32-bit operating systems by Microsoft .Net Framework.

During the runtime the Common Language Runtime (CLR)'s Just In

Time (JIT) compiler converts the Microsoft Intermediate Language
(MSIL) code into native code to the Operating System. The native
code is Operating System independent and this code is known as
Managed Code , that is, the language's functionality is managed by
the .NET Framework . The Common Language Runtime (CLR)
provides various Just In Time (JIT) compilers, and each works on a
different architecture depends on Operating Systems, that means
the same Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) can be executed
on different Operating Systems. From the following section you can
see how Common Language Runtime (CLR) functions .
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Can I run .Net Framework on Linux ?

Microsoft .Net framework is proprietary Windows software and

requires the Windows API to run. It will not run natively in Linux.
But there is an open source implementation of .NET Framework
called MONO which has almost the same functionality of the MS
.NET.

Mono Project

Mono is a free and open source project led by Xamarin. It is an

open source implementation of Microsoft's .NET Framework based
on the ECMA standards for C# and the Common Language Runtime.
More about : MONO

How to Common Language Runtime

The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is an Execution Environment
. It works as a layer between Operating Systems and the
applications written in .Net languages that conforms to the Common
Language Specification (CLS). The main function of Common
Language Runtime (CLR) is to convert the Managed Code into native
code and then execute the Program. The Managed Code compiled
only when it needed, that is it converts the appropriate instructions
when each function is called . The Common Language Runtime
(CLR) 's Just In Time (JIT) compilation converts Intermediate
Language (MSIL) to native code on demand at application run time.

During the execution of the program ,the Common Language

Runtime (CLR) manages memory, Thread execution, Garbage
Collection (GC) , Exception Handling, Common Type System (CTS),
code safety verifications, and other system services. The CLR
( Common Language Runtime ) defines the Common Type System
(CTS), which is a standard type system used by all .Net languages .
That means all .NET programming languages uses the same
representation for common Data Types , so Common Language
Runtime (CLR) is a language-independent runtime environment .
The Common Language Runtime (CLR) environment is also referred
to as a managed environment, because during the execution of a
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program it also controls the interaction with the Operating System.

In the coming section you can see what are the main functions of
Common Language Runtime (CLR).

How to Common Language Runtime - CLR

The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is a an Execution
Environment . Common Language Runtime (CLR)'s main tasks are
to convert the .NET Managed Code to native code , manage running
code like a Virtual Machine and also controls the interaction with the
Operating System.

Common Language Runtime (CLR) manages Thread executions,

Memory Management that is allocation of Objects and Buffers ,
Garbage Collection (GC) - Clean up the unused Objects and buffers ,
Exception Handling, Common Type System (CTS) that is all .NET
language that conforms to the Common Language Specification
(CLS) have the same primitive Data Types, Code safety verifications
- code can be verified to ensure type safety, Language integration
that is Common Language Runtime (CLR) follow a set of
specification called Common Language Specification (CLS) , this will
ensure the interoperability between languages, Integrated security
and other system services.

.Net Framework Class Library (FCL)

The .Net Framework class library (FCL) provides the core
functionality of .Net Framework architecture . The .Net Framework
Class Library (FCL) includes a huge collection of reusable classes ,
interfaces, and value types that expedite and optimize the
development process and provide access to system functionality.

The .Net Framework class library (FCL) organized in a hierarchical

tree structure and it is divided into Namespaces. Namespaces is a
logical grouping of types for the purpose of identification.
Framework class library (FCL) provides the consistent base types
that are used across all .NET enabled languages. The Classes are
accessed by namespaces, which reside within Assemblies. The
System Namespace is the root for types in the .NET Framework.
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The .Net Framework class library (FCL) classes are managed classes
that provide access to System Services . The .Net Framework class
library (FCL) classes are object oriented and easy to use in program
developments. Moreover, third-party components can integrate with
the classes in the .NET Framework.

Common Language Specification - CLS

Common Language Specification (CLS) is a set of basic language
features that .Net Languages needed to develop Applications and
Services , which are compatible with the .Net Framework. When
there is a situation to communicate Objects written in different .Net
Complaint languages , those objects must expose the features that
are common to all the languages . Common Language Specification
(CLS) ensures complete interoperability among applications,
regardless of the language used to create the application.

Common Language Specification (CLS) defines a subset of Common

Type System (CTS) . Common Type System (CTS) describes a set
of types that can use different .Net languages have in common ,
which ensure that objects written in different languages can interact
with each other. Most of the members defined by types in the .NET
Framework Class Library (FCL) are Common Language Specification
(CLS) compliant Types. Moreover Common Language Specification
(CLS) standardized by ECMA .

Common Type System - CTS

Common Type System (CTS) describes a set of types that can be
used in different .Net languages in common . That is , the Common
Type System (CTS) ensure that objects written in different .Net
languages can interact with each other. For Communicating
between programs written in any .NET complaint language, the
types have to be compatible on the basic level .

These types can be Value Types or Reference Types . The Value

Types are passed by values and stored in the stack. The Reference
Types are passed by references and stored in the heap. Common
Type System (CTS) provides base set of Data Types which is
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responsible for cross language integration. The Common Language

Runtime (CLR) can load and execute the source code written in
any .Net language, only if the type is described in the Common
Type System (CTS) .Most of the members defined by types in the
.NET Framework Class Library (FCL) are Common Language
Specification (CLS) compliant Types.

Common Type System - CTS

Common Type System (CTS) describes a set of types that can be
used in different .Net languages in common . That is , the Common
Type System (CTS) ensure that objects written in different .Net
languages can interact with each other. For Communicating
between programs written in any .NET complaint language, the
types have to be compatible on the basic level .

These types can be Value Types or Reference Types . The Value

Types are passed by values and stored in the stack. The Reference
Types are passed by references and stored in the heap. Common
Type System (CTS) provides base set of Data Types which is
responsible for cross language integration. The Common Language
Runtime (CLR) can load and execute the source code written in
any .Net language, only if the type is described in the Common
Type System (CTS) .Most of the members defined by types in the
.NET Framework Class Library (FCL) are Common Language
Specification (CLS) compliant Types.