This document provides information on 22 electrical and electronic components. It defines components like junctions, cells, batteries, power supplies, switches, ammeters, voltmeters, lamps, fuses, heaters, bells, buzzers, coils, galvanometers, transformers, resistors, variable resistors, transducers, LDRs, thermistors, relays, diodes, and LEDs. For each component, it describes what it is, how it works, and often includes an image of its circuit symbol. The document is intended to teach about common circuit elements for a Grade 9 physics class.
This document provides information on 22 electrical and electronic components. It defines components like junctions, cells, batteries, power supplies, switches, ammeters, voltmeters, lamps, fuses, heaters, bells, buzzers, coils, galvanometers, transformers, resistors, variable resistors, transducers, LDRs, thermistors, relays, diodes, and LEDs. For each component, it describes what it is, how it works, and often includes an image of its circuit symbol. The document is intended to teach about common circuit elements for a Grade 9 physics class.
This document provides information on 22 electrical and electronic components. It defines components like junctions, cells, batteries, power supplies, switches, ammeters, voltmeters, lamps, fuses, heaters, bells, buzzers, coils, galvanometers, transformers, resistors, variable resistors, transducers, LDRs, thermistors, relays, diodes, and LEDs. For each component, it describes what it is, how it works, and often includes an image of its circuit symbol. The document is intended to teach about common circuit elements for a Grade 9 physics class.
This document provides information on 22 electrical and electronic components. It defines components like junctions, cells, batteries, power supplies, switches, ammeters, voltmeters, lamps, fuses, heaters, bells, buzzers, coils, galvanometers, transformers, resistors, variable resistors, transducers, LDRs, thermistors, relays, diodes, and LEDs. For each component, it describes what it is, how it works, and often includes an image of its circuit symbol. The document is intended to teach about common circuit elements for a Grade 9 physics class.
Grade 9: Physics A junction of conductors is the location where conductors in electrical circuits meet. A cell is a single electrical energy source which uses chemical reactions to produce a current (ampere) while a battery usually consists of group of cells. A typical cell has a voltage of 1.5 volts (we write this as 1.5 V). By connecting cells in series, we can makes batteries with 3 V, 6 V and so on. A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load A component which controls the open- ness or closed-ness of an electric circuit. They allow control over current flow in a circuit (without having to actually get in there and manually cut or splice the wires) An ammeter (from ampere meter) is a measuring instrument used to measure the current in a circuit. An ammeter is put in a series so it can measure the current (in ampere) that is passing through it An instrument used for measuring electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. A voltmeter is placed in parallel circuit so it can calculate the potential difference. It also has a high resistance so no current will pass through the voltmeter A filament lamp is a common type of light bulb. It contains a thin coil of wire called the filament. This heats up when an electric current passes through it, and produces light as a result. This is used in circuits to stop too much current from flowing. • The fuse has a thin section of wire and will melt when too much current passes through so that the wire would not burn out and cause fire. • The current (A/amp/ampere) shown in each wire is the amount of current that it would melt on. • Thicker wires would be able to withstand higher current flows. This is used to heat up the air. • Electric current is passed through and made into heat. A bell rings and makes a bell sound, while the buzzer makes beeping sound
Bell • When current is passed through it, it allows an object to hit the bell making it ring.
Buzzer • When current is passed through it, it allows a ceramic disk to expand and contract causing it to vibrate • The vibration of the disk causes the beeping sound. It is used to produce magnetic field or provide electrical resistance • The coil is turned around on a magnetic material, magnetizes it to create the magnetic field/electrical resistance. It is used to measure small amounts of electrical current • Current flows through and the galvanometer is able to find and show how much current is passed through from the reading. It converts alternating current (AC) to another type of current • It induces current to other coils causing the current to be changed. A conductor that can be used to control the amount of current flowing around a circuit. A resistor works by converting some of the electrical energy into heat which helps increase the resistance. Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is measured in ohms. The formula for resistance is R= V/I. There are 2 types of resistors: fixed resistors and variable resistors. V = Voltage and I = Ampere Fixed resistor and variable resistor Carbon Film Resistor Wire Wound Resistor
• Has 2 terminals • Has a resistance of a fixed value. • Using a fixed resistor is expensive because • A variable resistor has a resistance that can be varied. each time the resistance is changed, we need This particular resistor is used to alter amount of to buy a new fixed resistor. current flowing through the circuit. This resistor is usually used to control the volume of a radio or a • In case of variable resistors, we use a single stereo system. resistor for different resistance values. The • A variable resistor is provided by a track of resistive resistance of the fixed resistors are measured wire or carbon. A variable resistor usually has 3 by using the ammeter. Common types of fixed terminals (two fixed and one movable). resistors are carbon film resistors and wire- • It works by moving the slider along the metal rod, the wound resistors. length of wire through which current flows can be varied. • When a variable resistor is used as a potential divider by using 3 terminals it is called a potentiometer. • Rheostat is a lab version of the variable resistor, it Potentiometer only uses 2 terminals, while potentiometer uses 3. The variable resistor symbol at the top is used if the resistor has 3 terminals.
The variable resistor
symbol at the bottom is used if the resistor has 2 terminals A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another. Transducers are often employed at the boundaries of automation, measurement, and control systems, where electrical signals are converted to and from other physical quantities. (energy, force, torque, light, motion, position, etc.) LDR stands for Light Dependent Resistor (also known as photoresistors) and it is an electronic component that is sensitive to light. It is a type of variable resistor. When light falls upon it, then the resistance changes. Values of the resistance of the LDR may change over many orders of magnitude the value of the resistance falling as the level of light increases. A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance is dependent on temperature, more so than in standard resistors. The word is a combination of thermal and resistor. Thermistors are of two opposite fundamental types: With NTC thermistors, resistance decreases as temperature rises. A relay is an electrical switch that uses electromagnet to link two circuits together. A relay coil is placed on a circuit and a switch on the other circuit. Current flowing from the coil makes it magnetized, pulling on the switch on the other circuit to allow current to flow. Relay coil Relay switch To find out how electrical components work with others, we can find Figure 19.8 (Coursebook page 265).
The thermistor detects the
temperature first. The thermistor has a high resistance when temperature is low, and low resistance when temperature is high. Because of the high resistance, too little current is present, causing the relay switch to still be open. But low resistance causes current to be present, causing the relay switch to be closed and the bell on the second circuit would ring. A diode is defined as a two-terminal electronic component that only conducts current in one direction (so long as it is operated within a specified voltage level). An ideal diode will have zero resistance in one direction, and infinite resistance in the reverse direction. There are two types of diodes, Regular regular diodes and LED. Diodes Light emitting diode (LED) is a type of diode that emits light when current flows through. It converts electrical energy to light energy and uses different semiconductor materials to emit different colors of light.
LED The 22 Circuit Components Symbols April Hansson
