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    Prelab One-Flower Introduction

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    Arwa Zayed
    Flowers are modified shoots specialized for reproduction. They consist of four main whorls - the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium - which represent modified leaves. The calyx comprises the sepals, the corolla the petals, the androecium the stamens which contain the pollen, and the gynoecium the carpels which contain the ovules. Flowers can be classified based on their symmetry, the presence or absence of sexual organs, and the fusion of parts within each whorl. First year students have a prelab on flower structure and classification in preparation for labs starting on Sunday.

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    Prelab One-Flower Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Arwa Zayed
    53 views29 pages
    Flowers are modified shoots specialized for reproduction. They consist of four main whorls - the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium - which represent modified leaves. The calyx comprises the sepals, the corolla the petals, the androecium the stamens which contain the pollen, and the gynoecium the carpels which contain the ovules. Flowers can be classified based on their symmetry, the presence or absence of sexual organs, and the fusion of parts within each whorl. First year students have a prelab on flower structure and classification in preparation for labs starting on Sunday.

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    Flowers are modified shoots specialized for reproduction. They consist of four main whorls - the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium - which represent modified leaves. The calyx comprises the sepals, the corolla the petals, the androecium the stamens which contain the pollen, and the gynoecium the carpels which contain the ovules. Flowers can be classified based on their symmetry, the presence or absence of sexual organs, and the fusion of parts within each whorl. First year students have a prelab on flower structure and classification in preparation for labs starting on Sunday.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    53 views29 pages

    Prelab One-Flower Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Arwa Zayed
    Flowers are modified shoots specialized for reproduction. They consist of four main whorls - the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium - which represent modified leaves. The calyx comprises the sepals, the corolla the petals, the androecium the stamens which contain the pollen, and the gynoecium the carpels which contain the ovules. Flowers can be classified based on their symmetry, the presence or absence of sexual organs, and the fusion of parts within each whorl. First year students have a prelab on flower structure and classification in preparation for labs starting on Sunday.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 29

    Pharmacognosy-1

    (PGC202)
    First year Students

    Prelab (1)
    (2020-2021)
    Flowers Introduction
    Flowers
    • Definition: a modified fertile shoot carrying modified
    leaves adapted for reproduction and developed to fruits &
    seeds

    • Every part of the flower


    represents a modified leaf.
    •Floral leaves arranged in whorls:
    Calyx , Corolla , Andrœcium , Gynoecium
    Structure of flower
    Gynoecium
    Andrœcium stigma
    Stamen anther Carpel
    filament style
    ovary

    Corolla
    Receptacle Calyx
    Petals pedicel Sepals
    Receptacle
    Is the swollen or expanded apex of flower stalk
    (pedicel) on which floral leaves are arranged.

    Receptacle
    Floral leaves

    Asexual (non-essential) sexual (essential)

    Calyx Corolla Andrœcium Gynoecium


    sepals petals Stamens Carpels
    Kinds of Flowers
    Flowers can be classified according to several
    parameters:
    1. According to number of segments in each whorl.

    2. According to the symmetry of all floral leaves.

    3. According to the presence or absence of sexual organs.


    2. According to symmetry of all floral parts

    Regular Irregular
    segments are alike ,regularly arranged segments are not alike, irregularly arranged

    Actinomorphic () (%) Zygomorphic


    Segments could be Asymmetric
    Segments could be
    divided into equal Flower can not
    divided into equal
    halves by a be divided into
    halves
    number of radial equal halves
    in only one plane
    longitudinal cuts
    3. According to presence or absence of sexual organs:

    a. Hermaphrodite b. Unisexual
    Bisexual
    Andrœcium & Gynoecium
    3. According to presence or absence of sexual organs:
    b. Unisexual
    Either Andrœcium or Gynoecium

    staminate pistillate
    Only Andrœcium Only Gynoecium
    Perianth
    Is the outer non-essential floral parts
    (calyx & corolla)
    - Petaloid calyx
    when calyx is brightly
    coloured
    Cohesion of sepals

    Free sepals United sepals


    Polysepalous Gamosepalous
    aposepalous synsepalous
    Cohesion of Petals

    Free petals United petals


    Polypetalous Gamopetalous
    Apopetalous Sympetalous
    Shapes of corolla

    Cruciform Tubular

    Ligulate (strap like)


    Funnel-shaped
    Family Asteraceae
    Insertion of perianth

    On the On the edge of


    Above the ovary
    receptacle the receptacle
    Surrounding e.g Clove
    below the ovary
    the ovary

    Hypogenous Epigenous
    Perigenous
    Insertion of perianth

    Perigenous
    Epigenous Hypogenous
    Androecium (stamens)
    Anther Pollen sac
    Carries the pollen grains
    •Divided into 2 anther-
    Anther lobe
    lobes separated by the
    connective tissue.
    •Each anther-lobe
    possesses 2 pollen-sacs,
    containing pollen grains
    connective
    Filament
    Stalk that carries (bear) the anther
    Fibrous layer of anther: The
    outermost layer of the
    pollen sac appear as
    lignified bars from side
    view and beaded from top
    view T.V: beaded walls
    S.V: bar like thickening
    Pollen grains:
    Germ pores

    Germ furrows
    Description of stamens
    - Usually equal in length
    - If Unequal length

    Didynamous Tetradynamous
    2 long, 2 short stamens 4 long , 2 short stamens
    e.g. Labiateae (lamiaceae) e.g. Crucifereae
    Attachment of anther
    Manner of attachment of anther to filament

    Basifixed Dorsifixed Versatile


    attachment by base attachment by
    of the anther attachment by back
    of the anther, back of the
    immovable anther, movable
    Pistil : one or more carpels

    Stigma

    Style

    Ovary
    - Apical portion, receives pollen grains

    - Takes different shapes:

    Bifid stigma Pointed stigma


    Connects ovary with stigma place
    stigma in suitable position to receive
    pollens
    Gynobasic: arise from the base of the ovary
    encloses ovules on the placenta
    Compound ovary
    Cohesion

    free carpels united carpels


    Apocarpous Syncarpous
    Insertion of the ovary

    Superior
    Inferior
    1- General appearance: • Shape:
    • Colour: Flower report
    • Size: length: ……………………. diameter: ……………………
    2- Symmetry: Perform an L-cut of the flower to examine the inner whorls, starting
    from the receptacle or the pedicle if present and going upward
    3- Type according to presence of sexual organs:
    4- Insertion of floral parts:
    5- Calyx: (if present) • Number of sepals:
    • Shape and colour of sepals: ………………………………………………………………………………………
    • Cohesion of sepals: …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
    • Texture and touch: membranous, leathery, hairy,..etc ……………………………………………..
    6- Corolla: (if present) • Number of petals:
    • Shape and colour of petals: ……………………………………………………………………………………..
    • Cohesion of petals: …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
    • Texture and touch: membranous, leathery, hairy, ..etc ……………………………………………
    7- Androecium: (if present) • Number of stamens:
    • Cohesion and adnation of stamens:
    • Shape: a) filament ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
    b) anther ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. •
    Attachment of anther: ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
    8-Gynoecium: (if present) • Insertion:
    • Number of carpels: …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
    • Cohesion of carpels: ………………….………………………………………………………………………………
    • Number of locules: …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
    • Shape: a) style: …………………………………….. b) stigma: ………………………………………
    Labs start tomorrow Sunday
    11/4/2021
    THANK YOU

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