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Polynomials - 2

The document discusses the relationship between the zeros and coefficients of polynomials. It states: 1) A linear polynomial with one zero has a zero equal to the negative of the constant term divided by the coefficient of x. 2) A quadratic polynomial with at most two zeros has a sum of zeros equal to the negative of the coefficient of x divided by the coefficient of x^2 and a product of zeros equal to the constant term divided by the coefficient of x^2. 3) A cubic polynomial has at most three zeros.

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Vivek Chaudhary
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160 views2 pages

Polynomials - 2

The document discusses the relationship between the zeros and coefficients of polynomials. It states: 1) A linear polynomial with one zero has a zero equal to the negative of the constant term divided by the coefficient of x. 2) A quadratic polynomial with at most two zeros has a sum of zeros equal to the negative of the coefficient of x divided by the coefficient of x^2 and a product of zeros equal to the constant term divided by the coefficient of x^2. 3) A cubic polynomial has at most three zeros.

Uploaded by

Vivek Chaudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POLYNOMIALS

2.3 Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficients of a Polynomial


Linear Polynomial:
We know that , linear polynomial p (x) = ax + b, a  0 has only one zero.
If k is zero of linear polynomial p(x) = ax + b, a  0,then p(k) = 0.
 ak + b = 0
−𝑏 −(𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎)
 k = 𝑎 = 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙
Quadratic Polynomial:
Quadratic polynomial p (x) = ax2 + bx + c, a  0 has at most two zeros.
Let  and  are zeros of p (x) = ax2 + bx + c
 x -  and x -  are factors of p(x).
p (x) = k[(x - ) . ( x - )]
= k[ x2 – ( + )x + ]
 ax2 + bx + c = kx2 – k( + )x + k
Comparing the coefficient of x2, x and x0 we get,
a = k, b = - k( + ) and c = k
Here, b = - k( + ) and k = a
 b = - a ( + )
−𝒃 −(𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙)
 += =
𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙𝟐
and, c = k
𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎
=𝒂 = 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙𝟐
−𝒃 −(𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙)
i.e. Sum of zeros =  +  = =
𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙𝟐
𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎
Product of zeros =   = 𝒂 = 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙𝟐
Example: Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 7x + 10, and verify the relationship between
the zeroes and the coefficients.
Solution : We have, p (x) = x2 + 7x + 10
= x2 + 5x + 2x + 10
= (x + 2)(x + 5)
To find zeros of p (x),let p (x) = 0
 (x + 2)(x + 5) = 0
 x + 2 = 0 or x + 5 = 0
 x = -2 or x = -5
Therefore, the zeroes of x2 + 7x + 10 are – 2 and – 5.

−𝟕 −(𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙)
Sum of zeros = (-2) + (-5) = -7 = =
𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙𝟐

𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎
Product of zeros = (-2) (-5) = 10 = =
𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙𝟐

Example: Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeroes are –3 and 2, respectively.
Solution: Let the quadratic polynomial be ax2 + bx + c, and its zeroes be  and .
−𝒃 𝒄
We have, Sum of zeros =  +  = -3 = and Product of zeros =   = 2 =
𝒂 𝒂
If a = 1, then b = 3 and c = 2.
So, one quadratic polynomial which fits the given conditions is x2 + 3x + 2.
Other quadratic polynomial that fits these conditions will be of the form k(x2 + 3x + 2), where k is
real.
Cubic Polynomial:
Cubic polynomial p (x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, a  0 has at most three zeros.

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