The document discusses the normal distribution and how it relates to the Gaussian distribution. It was developed by Karl Gauss from his study of measurement errors. The normal distribution has several key characteristics including being bell-shaped, symmetrical, and having half the area above and below the mean. The document then provides examples of calculating areas under the standard normal curve and standard scores, which measure values in terms of standard deviations from the mean.
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Normal Curve and Standard Score-1 2
The document discusses the normal distribution and how it relates to the Gaussian distribution. It was developed by Karl Gauss from his study of measurement errors. The normal distribution has several key characteristics including being bell-shaped, symmetrical, and having half the area above and below the mean. The document then provides examples of calculating areas under the standard normal curve and standard scores, which measure values in terms of standard deviations from the mean.
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Normal Distribution
It is often used in the natural and social sciences.
Karl Gauss developed the concept of the normal curve from his study of errors of repeated measurements of objects. Thus, the normal distribution is sometimes referred to as the normal curve of errors or the Gaussian distribution. Normal Distribution Normal Curve Characteristics of a Normal Curve 1. Bell- shaped curve 2. Unimodal 3. Symmetrical 4. Lies entirely above the horizontal axis 5. Asymptomatic to the horizontal axis 6. Area between the curve and the horizontal axis is exactly equal to 1 7. Half of the area is above the mean and the remaining half is below the mean. Normal Curve Standard Normal Distribution Areas Under The Standard Normal Curve Illustrative Example 1: Find the area between z = 0 and z = 1.54. Illustrative Example 2: Find the area between z = 1.52 and z = 2.5. Illustrative Example 3: Find the area to the right of z = 1.56. Illustrative Example 4: Find the area between z = 0 and z = -1.65. Illustrative Example 5: Find the area between z = -1.35 and z = 2.95. Standard Score The standard score or z-score measures how many standard deviation of a given value (x) is above or below the mean. The z-scores are useful in comparing observed values. A positive z-score indicates that the score or observed value is above the mean, whereas a negative z-score indicates that score or observed value is below the mean. Standard Score Illustrative Example 1: On a preliminary examination in Accounting, the mean was 75 and the standard deviation was 12. Determine the standard score of a student who received a score of 60 assuming the scores are normally distributed. Illustrative Example 1: Illustrative Example 2: On the second periodic exam in Abstract Algebra, the population mean was 70 and the population standard deviation was 9. Determine the standard score of a student who got a score of 88 assuming the scores are normally distributed. Illustrative Example 2: Illustrative Example 3: Senku scored 90 in a Chemistry test and 70 in a Physics test. Scores in chemistry test have mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 10. Scores in Physics test have a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 8. In which subject was his standing better assuming that the scores in his Chemistry and Physics class are normally distributed? Illustrative Example 3: Illustrative Example 4: In a Statistics test, the mean score is 42 and the standard deviation is 5. Assuming the scores are normally distributed, what percent of the score is a. greater than 48? b. less than 50? c. between 30 and 48? Illustrative Example 4: In a Statistics test, the mean score is 42 and the standard deviation is 5. Assuming the scores are normally distributed, what percent of the score is a. greater than 48? Illustrative Example 4: a. greater than 48? Illustrative Example 4: In a Statistics test, the mean score is 42 and the standard deviation is 5. Assuming the scores are normally distributed, what percent of the score is b. less than 50? Illustrative Example 4: b. less than 50? Illustrative Example 4: In a Statistics test, the mean score is 42 and the standard deviation is 5. Assuming the scores are normally distributed, what percent of the score is c. between 30 and 48? Illustrative Example 4: c. between 30 and 48? Illustrative Example 5: The mean height of a grade nine students at a certain high school is 164 centimeters and the standard deviation is 10 centimeters. Assuming the heights are normally distributed, what percent of the heights is greater than 168 centimeters? Illustrative Example 5: