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Animation: IT3743 - Multimedia Systems & Design

The document discusses various topics relating to animation including: 1) The different types of animation such as layout transition, process/information transition, and object movement. 2) How animation works based on the phenomena of persistence of vision and phi. 3) Common animation techniques like cel animation, stop-motion, digital cel & sprite animation, key frame animation, and morphing. 4) Formats for saving animation files and how to create basic animations of objects like a bouncing ball or rotating sphere.

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Ali Shah
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61 views15 pages

Animation: IT3743 - Multimedia Systems & Design

The document discusses various topics relating to animation including: 1) The different types of animation such as layout transition, process/information transition, and object movement. 2) How animation works based on the phenomena of persistence of vision and phi. 3) Common animation techniques like cel animation, stop-motion, digital cel & sprite animation, key frame animation, and morphing. 4) Formats for saving animation files and how to create basic animations of objects like a bouncing ball or rotating sphere.

Uploaded by

Ali Shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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18/10/15

IT3743 – Multimedia Systems & Design

Handling Animation

Lecture 06

Animation
• Animation is achieved by adding motion to still image/object.
• May also be defined as the creation of moving pictures one frame at a
time.
• Animation grabs attention.

• Few types of animation


• Layout transition
• Process/ information transition
• Object movement
18/10/15

Layout Transition
• The simplest form of animation is transition.

• Spiral

• Stretch

• Zoom

• Checkerboard

Process / Information Transition


• Animation can be used to describe complex information / process in
an easier way
• Perform visual cues (e.g. how things work)
18/10/15

Process / Information Transition


ALTER TABLE sales
ADD
ADD customer_name char(30) null

Commission Sales amount Sales_date Customer ID Customer_name

DROP
ALTER TABLE sales
DROP COLUMN sales_date

Object Movement
• Simple animated GIF

• Complex scene
18/10/15

How Animation Works


Animation is possible because of

• a biological phenomenon known as persistence of vision


• An object seen by human eye remains chemically mapped on the eye’s retina
for a brief time after viewing

• a psychological phenomenon called phi.


• Human’s mind need to conceptually complete the perceived action i.e.
translating the action

How Animation Works


• Combination of these two (persistence of vision + phi) make it
possible for a series of images that are changed very slightly and very
rapidly, one after another, to seemingly blend together into a visual
illusion of movement.

• E.g. a few cells or frames of rotating logo, when continuously and


rapidly changed, the arrow of the compass is perceived to be
spinning.
18/10/15

How Animation Works


• Still images are flashed in sequence to provide the illusion of
animation

How Animation Works


• The speed of the image changes is called the frame rate.

• Film is typically delivered at 24 frames per second (fps)

• In reality, the projector light flashes twice per frame, thus increasing
the flicker rate to 48 times per second to remove any flicker effect.

• The more interruptions per second, the more continuous the beam of
light appears, the smoother the animation.
18/10/15

Animation Techniques
• Cel animation
• Stop-motion
• Computer animation
• Digital cel & sprite animation
• Key frame animation
• Hybrid technique
• Kinematics
• Morphing

Animation Techniques – Cel Animation


• Made famous by Disney
• A series of progressively different graphics are used for each frame of film

• Elements in a scene that might move, for example Kluang man, are drawn on
sheets of transparent material called ‘cel’, and laid over a background which is
drawn separately (kampung scenery for example). In producing a sequence,
only the moving elements on the cel need to be redrawn for each frame, the
fixed part of the scene need only be made once.
18/10/15

Animation Techniques – Cel Animation


• Animation is drawn between keyframes.
• Key frames identify the start and end of some action
• The process of filling in the action is called tweening.

• Tweening is a process which requires calculating the number of


frames between keyframes and the path the action takes, and then
actually sketching on to a cel the series of progressively different
outlines.

Animation Techniques – Stop Motion


• Miniatures three-dimensional sets are used (stage, objects)
• Objects are moved carefully between shots.
• Objects may include articulate figures, whose limbs can be
repositioned, or solid figures whose parts are replaced, or substitute
between shots, to produce an effect of gesture, walking, and so on.
• Plasticine may be used for objects, to be manipulated between shots
to produce both natural movement, and otherwise impossible
changes and transformations.
18/10/15

Animation Techniques – Digital Cel & Sprite


• Employ the same logic and procedural concept of cel animation.
• Objects are drawn using 3D modeling software
• Objects and background are drawn on different layers, which can be
put on top of one another.
• Layers allow you to create separate parts of a still image, for example,
a person and the background of a scene they are walking through –
so that each can be altered or moved independently.

Animation Techniques – Digital Cel & Sprite


• Sprite animation – animation on moving object (sprite).
• A set of images, called faces is associated with each sprite.
• Example, a walking man, can be created by advancing the position of
the sprite (the man) and cycling through the faces (walking motion),
the man can be made to walk.
18/10/15

Animation Techniques – Key Frame


• Keyframes :
• Are drawn to provide the detailed characteristic of characters at important
points in the animation.
• Example, specify the start and end of a walk, the top and bottom of the fall.

• 3D modeling and animation software will do the tweening


process
• It fill in the gaps between the keyframes and create a smooth animation.
• You just set the value of frames per second (fps) for your animation.

Animation Techniques – Key Frame


18/10/15

Animation Techniques – Hybrid Technique


• Mixing cel and 3D computer animation.

• May as well include life footage.

Animation Techniques – Kinematics


• The study of motion of jointed structure (such as people)
• Realistic animation of such movement can be complex.
• Latest technology use motion capture for complex
movement animation.
18/10/15

Animation Techniques – Morphing


• The process of transitioning from one image to another

Animation Techniques – Morphing


• When morphing, few key elements (such as a nose from both images)
are set to share the same location (one the final image).
18/10/15

Animation Techniques – Morphing

Animation File Formats


• Windows Media files : .avi, .asf or .wmv
• Apple QuickTime files: .qt or .mov
• Motion video files : .mpeg or .mpg
• Flash files : .swf
• Shockwaves files : .dcr
• Animated GIF : .gif
18/10/15

Creating Animation
• Use digital camera to capture each drawn frame.

• Scan the drawn image/frame.

• Video camera (connected through video capture card) is


connected directly to computer to capture each frame of
animation on disk – let it be on paper, cel, constructed on 3D
set or by any other techniques discussed.

Creating Animation
• Software tool can help create object such as:
• Rolling ball
18/10/15

Creating Animation
• Create eight rotated images at 45-degree incremental angle, rotating a full
circle of 360-degrees.
• when displayed sequentially at the same location, the sphere spins.
• Calculation is needed in order to create a smooth rolling effect.

Creating Animation
A bouncing ball
• Gravity makes the ball speed up as it falls and slow down as it rises
• Formula: s = 1/2gt2
18/10/15

Creating Animation
Animated scene
• Few images are combined together.

=
+

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