*PG857* PG – 857
I Semester M.Sc. Degree Examination, January 2017
(R.N.S.) (2011 Onwards)
MATHEMATICS
M104 : Ordinary Differential Equations
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 80
Instructions : 1) All questions carry equal marks.
2) Solve any five questions choosing atleast two from
each Part.
PART – A
1. a) Prove that the n solutions {φ j ⋅ (x ), j = 1 to n } of Lny = 0 on I are linearly
independent iff W {φ j ⋅ (x ), j = 1 to n } ≠ 0 for all x ∈ I . 7
W
b) Using Liouville’s formula, compute the Wronskian of the independent solutions
SC
of y(5) – y(4) – y1 + y = 0 in [0, 1]. 6
c) Define adjoint and self-adjoint differential equations. 3
BM
2. a) Establish the Green’s formula for Ln the operator Ln and hence prove that
∗
L n = Ln, where L n is the adjoint operator of Ln. 7
∗∗
b) State and prove Sturm’s separation theorem on the zeros of the solutions of a
self-adjoint differential equation. Show that zeros of sin(logx) and cos(logx)
separate each other. 9
3. a) Explain the method of variation of parameters of finding the general solution
of Lny = b(x). 9
b) State the existence and uniqueness theorem on the solution of the IVP :
y′ = f (x, y); y (x 0 ) = y 0 on the interval x − x 0 ≤ h .
2
Find the value of ‘h’ for the IVP : y′ = y , y(1) = – 1. 7
P.T.O.
PG – 857 -2- *PG857*
4. a) Define an eigenvalue problem. Find the eigenvalues and eigen functions of
d
(xy′) + λ y = 0; y′ (1) = 0 = y′ e2 π . Where λ is non-negative. Expand logx
( )
dx x
in terms of orthonormal eigen functions of the above eigenvalue problem. 10
b) Obtain the Green’s function for the eigenvalue problem
y′′ + λy = b ( x); y (0) = 0 = y (π) . 6
PART – B
5. a) Find the series solution of the Hermite differential equation, y′′ − 2xy′ + 2ny = 0 ,
about the ordinary point x = 0, where n is non-negative integer. Find its general
solution. 6
b) Using the Frobenius method, obtain the general solution of the equation
W
( )
x 2 y′′ − xy′ + x 2 − 3 y = 0 , about the regular singular point x = 0. 6
SC
∞
1 ⎧ tx ⎫
⎬ = ∑ L n (x ) t .
n
c) Prove that, exp ⎨− 4
1− t ⎩ 1 − t ⎭ n= 0
BM
6. a) Find all the singular points of the equation,
x (1 − x ) y′′ + [ c − (a + b + 1) x ] y′ − aby = 0 . Find the indicial equations and the
1
exponents about each of the regular singular points. Put x = and transform
t
the equation and determine the type of singular point at infinity. 7
( )
b) Determine the Chebyshev polynomial solution of 1 − x 2 y′′ − xy′ + n2 y = 0 . 6
( ) 1
c) Prove that 1 − x 2 Tn ( x) + nxTn (x ) − nTn−1( x ) = 0 . 3
*PG857* -3- PG – 857
⎡ 1 0 0⎤
dx ⎢
7. a) Find the fundamental matrix solution of = ⎢ 1 3 0⎥⎥ x . 5
dt
⎢⎣0 1 1⎥⎦
b) Determine the nature and stability of the critical point in the following :
dx dy
i) = −2 x + 4 y, = −2 x + 6 y
dt dt
d2 x dx
ii) 2
= + 2b + a 2 x = 0 when b > a are real constants. (3+3)
dt dt
c) Determine the nature and stability of the critical point (0, 0) in the following :
dx dy
= x + x 2 − 3xe x , = −2 x + y + 3 ye y . 5
dt dt
W
8. a) Find all the critical points in the following non-linear system
SC
dx dy
= 1 − xy, = x − y3 .
dt dt
BM
Determine the nature and stability of each of the critical point. 7
b) Using Liapunov method determine the stability of the critical point (0, 0) in the
following :
dx dy
i) = y − 2x 3 , = − 2x − 3y 5
dt dt
dx dy
ii) = −x 3 + 3 xy 2 , = x 2 y − 4y 3
dt dt
dx dy
iii) = 2 xy + x 3 , = 2x2 − y3 . (3+3+3)
dt dt
_______________________
