ZLIN AIRCRAFT a.s.

Chapter 1
Z 242 L Flight Manual General

SECTION 1 - GENERAL

CONTENTS

Section Page

1.1 General 1-3

1.3 Introduction 1-3
1.5 Three-view Drawing 1-5
1.11 Required descriptive data 1-6
1.13 Engine 1-7
1.15 Propeller 1-8
1.17 Fuel 1-8
1.19 Oil 1-9
1.21 Maximum certified weights 1 - 10
1.23 Typical aircraft weights 1 - 11
1.25 Cabin and entry dimensions 1 - 12
1.27 Baggage space and entry dimensions 1 - 12
1.29 Specific loading 1 - 12
1.31 Symbols, abbreviation and terminology 1 - 13
1.41 Conversion of units 1 - 17

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1.1 GENERAL

1.1.1 Classification of the aircraft

The Z 242 L aircraft is designed for basic and advanced training, touring flights and acrobatics
training. When equipped with appropriate optional equipment it is suitable for training in night
and instrument flights, radio navigation flights, flight acc. to IFR conditions and glider and banner
towing.

The Z 242 L is a low wing, single engine cantilever monoplane of all-metal structure, two-seat
arrangement, with tricycle fixed landing gear with nose leg.

The power plant consists of the TEXTRON Lycoming AEIO-360-A1B6 piston engine and three-
blade constant-speed hydraulically controlled MTV-9-B-C/C-188-18a or Hartzell HC-C3YR-
4BF/FC 6890 propeller.

1.1.2 Manufacturer

ZLIN AIRCRAFT a.s.

765 02 OTROKOVICE,
CZECH REPUBLIC
Tel.: +420/725 266 711
Fax: +420/226 013 830
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.zlinaircraft.eu

1.3 INTRODUCTION

THIS FLIGHT MANUAL CONTAINS INFORMATION NECESSARY FOR THE PILOT WHICH
SHOULD BE PROVIDED IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE FAR PART
23, INCLUSIVE THE COMPLEMENTARY DATA, CONSIDERED BY THE AIRCRAFT
MANUFACTURER.
This Flight manual contains operational procedures which allow to meet the output
characteristics as given below in this manual.
Additionally, this manual contains the basic information for the necessary maintenance works
which are necessary to maintain the performance and characteristic of the aircraft during its
operation at the level as it was at a new aircraft.
Before a flight, the pilot is required to read the whole content of this Manual, including all
Supplements, as listed in the Chapter 9.

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DESCRIPTION OF MANUAL
AIRCRAFT FLIGHT MANUAL OF THE Z 242L AIRCRAFT meets the requirements specification
for pilot manual GAMA SPECIFICATION No. 1, issued: February 15, 1975 Revised: October 18,
1996 Revision No. 2.

NUMBERING OF PAGES AND FIGURES

PAGES NUMBERING
Example: page 1-10

number of page
number of chapter

FIGURES NUMBERING
Example: Fig. 7 - 4

number of figure

number of chapter

NOTE
The number of figure is written in italics.

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1.5 THREE-VIEW DRAWING

Dimension in
Data Note
m ft
A 9.340 30.64
B 6.940 22.77
C 2.950 9.68
D 3.200 10.50
E 2.330 7.64
F 1.755 5.76
G with MTV-9-B-C/C-188-18a 330 1.10
propeller Hartzell HC-C3YR-4BF/FC 6890 380 1.24
H with MTV-9-B-C/C-188-18a 1.880 6.17
propeller Hartzell HC-C3YR-4BF/FC 6890 1.780 5.84

Fig. 1-1

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1.11 REQUIRED DESCRIPTIVE DATA

1.11.1 Dimensions
Wing span 9,340 m 30,64 ft
Length 6,940 m 22,77 ft
Height 2,950 m 9,68 ft

Wing: - depth (constant) 1,420 m 4,66 ft

o
- dihedral 6
- MAC length 1,5044 m 4,94 ft
2
- area 13,860 m 149,19 sq.ft

o o
Ailerons: - deflection up 21 ±1
o o
- deflection down 17 ±1
2 2
- area 2 x 0,704 m 1,408 m 15,16 sq.ft

Wing flaps:
o
- position: RETRACTED 0
o
TAKE-OFF 14 ±1
o o
LANDING 37 ±1
2 2
- area 2x0,704 m 1,408 m 15,16 sq.ft

Horizontal tail unit (HTU):

+0 o
- elevator deflection: -1 o
o
- up 34
o o
- down 31 ±1
2
- stabiliser area 1,230 m 13,24 sq.ft
2
- elevator area 1,368 m 14,73 sq.ft
2
- HTU total area 2,598 m 27,97 sq.ft

Vertical tail unit (VTU) :

- rudder deflection:
o o
- right 30 ±2
o o
- left 30 ±2
2
- fin area 0,540 m 5,81 sq.ft
2
- rudder area 0,810 m 8,72 sq.ft
2
- VTU total area 1,350 m 14,53 sq.ft

Landing gear:
- wheel track 2,330 m 7,64 ft
- wheel base 1,755 m 5,76 ft
- wheel size:
a) with BARUM tires
- main landing gear tire 420 x 150 mm (16,5 x 5,9 inch)
- nose wheel tire 350 x 135 mm (13,8 x 5,3 inch)
b) with GOODYEAR tires
- main landing gear tire 6.00-6.5 inch
- nose wheel tire 5.00-5 inch

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Tire pressure:
- main landing gear tire (is identical for wheels both with BARUM tires and with
GOODYEAR tires):
190+10 kPa 28+2 p.s.i.
- nose wheel tire (wheel with BARUM tire):
250+10 kPa 36+2 p.s.i.
(wheel with GOODYEAR tire):
180+10 kPa 26+2 p.s.i.
Air-pressure in the hydropneumatic nose
+10 +2
shock absorber: 400 - 40
kPa 58 -6
p.s.i.

1.13 ENGINE

Manufacturer: TEXTRON Lycoming, Williamsport, Pennsylvania, USA

Type: Lycoming AEIO - 360 - A1B6
Cylinder bore: 130,175 mm 5,125 inch
Stroke: 111,125 mm 4,375 inch
Total cylinder volume: 5,92 litres 360,97 cu.inch
Compression ratio: 8.7 : 1
Rotating as viewed from the rear: clockwise

Engine Power - Speed - Consumption - Manifold Pressure:

Power Engine Consumption Manifold

Power setting speed Pressure Mixture
kW HP R.P.M. l/h US gal./h kPa in. Hg
Maximum MAX
continuous 149 200 2700 61 16,1
MC (FULL)
Mixture set
Cruising PC for maximal
(75% MC) 112 150 2450 46,5 12,3 82,0 25,0
power
Economy EC
(65% MC) 94 126 2350 40 10,6 78,0 23,0

Mixture
Best Economy
leaned for
B.E. 86 115 2350 32 8,5 78,0 23,0
B.E. power
(65% MC)
setting

Nominal values in 0 ft (0 m) ISA.

Fig. 1-2

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1.15 PROPELLER
a) Type: MTV-9-B-C/C-188-18a
Manufacturer: MT-PROPELLER ENTWICKLUNG GmbH Germany
Number of blades: 3
Propeller diameter: 1880 mm 74,0 inch

b) Type: Hartzell HC-C3YR-4BF/FC 6890

Manufacturer: HARTZELL PROPELLER INC. U.S.A
Number of blades: 3
Propeller diameter: 1780 mm 70,1 inch

1.17 FUEL

Aviation gasoline 100 or 100 LL (100/130 octane).

CAUTION:
(1) USE OF AVGAS OF OCTANE GRADE LESS THAN 100 OCTANES AND USE ANY
AUTOMOTIVE GAS IS PROHIBITED.
(2) PERMANENT USE OF THE AVIATION GASOLINE WITH CONTENT OF TETRAETHYL
LEAD (TEL) GREATER THAN 0,05% BY VOLUME (2 ml TEL/U.S.GAL) MAY CAUSE
INCREASED SEDIMENTATION OF LEAD. THIS MUST BE CONSIDERED IN THE
COURSE OF MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES.

NOTE:
Supplementary information about use of aviation gasoline other than 100 or 100LL are contained
in the engine manufacturer’s Service Instruction No. 1070 (latest applicable issue).

Category
Item Acrobatic (A) Utility (U) Normal (N)
litres U.S.gal litres U.S.gal litres U.S.gal
Total fuel quantity 120 32,0 120 32,0 230 61

Usable fuel quantity 116 30,6 116 30,6 224 59,1

Fig. 1-3

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1.19 OIL

1.19.1 For the first 50 flight hours only mineral aviation oil of the viscosity class according to the table
for the Lycoming AEIO-360-A1B6 engine should be used.
For further operation mineral, ashless dispersant or synthetic aviation oils of viscosity class
according to the table or equivalent oil types approved by the engine manufacturer may be used.

1.19.2 Table of recommended oils and inlet oil temperatures

Average outside air Recommended oil viscosity

Inlet oil temperatures
temperature class-SAE

O O Mineral Dispersive oils Desired Maximum

C F
oils (ashless) O
C
O
F
O
C
O
F
above +27 above +80 60 60
above +16 above +60 50 40 or 50 82 180 118 244
-1 to +32 +30 to +90 40 40
-18 to +21 0 to +70 30 40, 30 or 20W40 77 170 107 225
under -12 under +10 20 30 or 20W30 71 160 99 210
Whole operation 71 - 160
- 15W50 or 20W50 118 244
temperature range 82 - 180

Fig. 1-4

NOTE:
(1) Synthetic and semi-synthetic oils shall not be added and mixed with the other kinds of oil.
(2) Low oil temperature may be particularly increased by installation of winterization screens
in the front engine cowl.
(3) The other supplementary information for using the oils are currently published in the
Textron Lycoming Service Instruction No. 1014 (last issue).
(4) Inlet oil temperature values are applied for oils published in the “Table of recommended
O O
oils” only. Maximal inlet temperature for MS 20 engine oil is 85 C (185 F)
(5) Inlet oil temperatures are affected by outside air temperature.

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1.19.3 Oil Quantity in Sump

Maximum quantity Minimum quantity

Kinds of operations
litres quarts litres quarts
Normal operation 7.6 8 3.8 4
Acrobatic operation 5.7 6 4.7 5

Fig. 1-5

1.21 MAXIMUM CERTIFIED WEIGHTS

1.21.1 Maximum Take-off and Landing Weight

Maximum take-off Maximum landing

Category weight weight
kg lb kg lb
Acrobatic (A) 970 2140 970 2140
Utility (U) 1020 2250 1020 2250
Normal (N) 1090 2400 1050 2315

Fig. 1-6

1.21.2 Maximum Permissible Variable Load

Maximum permissible variable load

Category
kg lb
Acrobatic (A) 240 530
Utility (U) 290 640
Normal (N) 360 795

Fig. 1-7

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CAUTION:
MAXIMAL PERMISSIBLE VARIABLE LOAD:
(1) PILOT SEATS - L242.8110/8120 2x100 kg (2x220 lb)
- E242.8110/8120 2x100 kg (2x220 lb)
(2) BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT 20 kg (44 lb)
NORMAL category only
(3) MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE TOTAL LOAD (1)+(2) - L242.8110/8120 220 kg (485 lb)
NORMAL category only - E242.8110/8120 220 kg (485 lb)

CAUTION:
IF ANY APPROVED ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT (e.g. APPLIANCES, NAV SYSTEM, ELT, etc.),
IS INSTALLED IN THE BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT, REDUCE THE BAGGAGE WEIGHT BY
THE INSTALLED EQUIPMENT WEIGHT.

1.23 TYPICAL AIRCRAFT WEIGHTS

1.23.1 Theoretical Basic Empty Weight

Basic empty weight

Category (theoretical)
kg lb

Acrobatic (A)
745 + 2 % * 1642 + 2 % *
Utility (U)
755 + 2 % ** 1664 + 2 % **
Normal (N)
* applicable for aircraft equipped with MTV propeller
** applicable for aircraft equipped with Hartzell propeller

Fig. 1-8

1.23.2 Actual Basic Empty Weight

The actual basic empty weight is described in Subsection 6.3 of this AFM.

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1.25 CABIN AND ENTRY DIMENSIONS

Fig. 1-9

1.27 BAGGAGE SPACE AND ENTRY DIMENSIONS

The dimensions of aircraft baggage compartment are described on Figure 1-9.

1.29 SPECIFIC LOADINGS

Category Loading

Specific wing loading Specific power loading

kg/m2 lb/sq.ft kg/kW lb/HP

Acrobatic (A) 70 14.3 6.51 10.7

Utility (U) 73.6 15.1 6.85 11.3
Normal (N) 78.6 16.1 7.32 12.0

Fig. 1-10

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1.31. SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATION AND TERMINOLOGY

(a) Airspeed Symbols and General Terminology:

IAS - Indicated Airspeed means the speed of an aircraft as shown on its pitot static
airspeed indicator calibrated to reflect standard atmosphere adiabatic
compressible flow at sea level uncorrected for airspeed systems errors.
CAS - Calibrated Airspeed means the Indicated Airspeed of an aircraft, corrected for
position and instrument error. Calibrated Airspeed is equal to the True Airspeed
in standard atmosphere at sea level.
EAS - Equivalent Airspeed means the calibrated airspeed of an aircraft, corrected for
adiabatic compressible flow for the particular altitude. Equivalent airspeed is
equal to calibrated airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level.
TAS - True Airspeed means the airspeed of an aircraft relative to undisturbed air.
True airspeed is equal to equivalent airspeed multiplied by (0/) , where:
1/2

0 = specific weight of air in zero altitude

= specific weight of air in given altitude
VA - Design Manoeuvring Speed is the maximum speed at which application of full
available aerodynamic control will not overstress the aircraft.
VNE - Never Exceed Speed is the speed limit that may not be exceeded at any time.
VNO - Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is the speed that should not be exceeded in
smooth air and then only with caution.
Vs0 - Stalling Speed or the Minimum Steady Flight Speed at which the aircraft is
controltable in the landing configuration.
Vs1 - Stalling Speed or the Minimum Steady Flight Speed at which the aircraft is
controltable.
VFE - Maximum Flaps Extended Speed is the highest speed permissible with wing
flaps in prescribed extended position.
Vx - Means speed for max. angle of climb.
Vy - Means speed for max. rate of climb.

(b) Meteorological Terminology:

ISA -
International Standard Atmosphere
a. Air is a perfectly dry gas;
b. Temperature at sea level is 15°C;
3
c. Pressure at sea level is 1,013250 x 10 Pa (29.92 in Hg) (1013.25 millibar);
d. The temperature gradient from sea level up to an altitude at which the temperature
reaches the value of – 56.5°C, is 3.25°C/500 m (1.98°C/1 000 ft);
e. Density (specific gravity) at sea level, under the above conditions, is 1.2250 kg/m3; ρ is
the density corresponding to the given altitude; and relative density ρ/ρ0 is designated
as σ.

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OAT -
Outside Air Temperature is the free air static temperature, obtained either from in-flight
temperature indications or ground meteorological sources, corrected for instrument error
and compressibility effects.
Indicated Pressure Altitude -
The figure actually indicated by the altimeter when the barometric subscale is adjusted to
1013,2 hPa (29,92 in.Hg)
Pressure Altitude -
It is the indicated pressure altitude corrected for position and instrument error. In this
Flight Manual, altimeter instrument errors are assumed to be zero.

(c) Weights and centre of gravity position terminology:

Reference Datum -
An imaginary plane (vertical when the aircraft is positioned horizontally) from which all-
horizontal distances are measured for balance purposes. At the Z 242 L aircraft this plane
is equal to the firewall rear side.
Arm -
The horizontal distance from the reference datum to the centre of gravity (C.G.) of an item
or the whole aircraft.
Static Moment -
The product of a particular item weight or the total aircraft weight multiplied by its arm.
Centre of Gravity (C.G.) –
The position of the resultant of all mass forces.
C.G. Position –
The position of the aircraft’s centre of gravity expressed in percentage of Mean
Aerodynamic Chord (MAC) length.
Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC) -
The chord of an imaginary rectangular wing with the same area and the same
aerodynamic parameters as the real wing.
C.G. Limits -
The extreme centre of gravity positions within which the aircraft may be operated at a
given weight.
Usable Fuel Quantity -
The fuel available for flight planning.
Unusable Fuel Quantity -
The fuel that can not be used for operation.
Standard Empty Weight (theoretical) -
Weight of a standard aircraft including unusable fuel full operating fluids and full oil.
Basic Empty Weight (actual)-
Standard empty weight plus optional equipment (it is given on production placard in
aircraft and entered in the current Weighing Record and in Section 6. of this Flight
Manual.
Variable load -
Individual loading weights (or the sum of them) which vary for each particular flight (or
during the flight). The term “Variable load” includes weights of aircraft’s crew, fuel and
baggage.

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Useful load -
The difference between the maximum take-off and the basic empty weight (as placard in
the cockpit).
Maximum Take-off Weight -
Maximum weight approved for the take-off run.
Maximum Landing Weight -
Maximum weight approved for the landing.

(d) Miscellaneous terminology:

ADF - Automatic Direction Finder
AFM - Aircraft Flight Manual
B.E. - Best economy mixture proportion
CHT - Cylinder Head Temperature
COMM - general designation of the radiocommunication equipment
C.G. - Centre of Gravity
DA - Decision Altitude (above sea level)
DME - Distance Measuring Equipment
ELT - Emergency Locator Transmitter
EGT - Exhaust Gas Temperature
EC - Economical Cruise
EHSI- Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator
GIC - Gyroinduction Compass
GPS - Global Position System
HSI - Horizontal Situation Indicator
HTU - Horizontal Tail Unit
IFR - Instrument Flight Rules
ILS - Instrument Landing System
IMC- Instrument Meteorological Condition
MAC - Mean Aerodynamic Chord
MDA - Minimum Descent Altitude (above sea level)
MKR - (radio) Marker 75 MHz
MC - Maximum Continuous
MTP - Maximal Take-off Power
MM - Maintenance Manual
NAV - General designation of the navigation equipment
PC- Performance Cruise
RMI - Radiomagnetic Indicator
RNAV - Area Navigation
RWY - Runway

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S/N - Serial Number

SAE - Oil Viscosity Grade
TEL - Tetraethyl Lead
VOR - VHF Omnidirectional radio Range
VTU - Vertical Tail Unit
XPDR - ATC Transponder

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1.41 CONVERSION OF UNITS

Following table is helpful for metric to the Imperial (and vice-versa) units conversion.

Conversion factors
m - ft 3.2808 ft - m 0.3048
km - Nm 0.5396 Nm - km 1.8532
Dimension,
km - Stm 0.6214 Stm - km 1.6093
Distance
cm - inch 0.3937 inch - cm 2.5400
mm - inch 0.03937 inch - mm 25.4000
2 2
Area, m - sq.ft 10.7643 sq.ft - m 0.0929
Surface 2 2
m - sq.inch 1550.0000 sq.inch - m 0.0006
3 3
m - cu.ft 35.3100 cu.ft - m 0.0283
3 3
Volume, cm - cu.inch 0.0610 cu.inch - cm 16.39
Capacity l - cu.ft 0.0353 cu.ft - l 28.32
l - cu.inch 60.9756 cu.inch - l 0.0164
(l = litre) l - U.S.gal. 0.2642 U.S.gal. - l 3.7850
U
l - quart 1.0570 quart - l 0.9460
N
I km/h
- knots 0.5396 knots - km/h 1.8532
T m/s
- ft/min 196.8000 ft/min - m/s 0.0051
S Speed m/s
- knots 1.9426 knots - m/s 0.5148
m/mi
- ft/min 3.2810 ft/min - m/min 0.3048
n
kPa - p.s.i. 0.1450 p.s.i. - kPa 6.8966
Pressure
kPa - in.Hg 0.2953 in.Hg - kPa 3.3864

Weight kg - lb 2.2046 lb - kg 0.4536

Static kgm - lbft 7.2333 lbft - kgm 0.1382

moment kgm - lbinch 86.7950 lbinch - kgm 0.01152

Engine
kW - HP 1.3410 HP - kW 0.7457
power
o o o o o o
Temperature C - F (9/5x C)+32 F - C ( F-32)x5/9

Fig. 1-11

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Task:
Weight of variable load is M = 700 lb ..... ? kg
Computation:
M = 700 x 0,4536 = 317,5 kg
Result:
M = 700 lb = 317,5 kg

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