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Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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LAB MANUAL eri
(2017 Regulation)
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BRANCH : Common to All Branches

SEMESTER : II
SUBJECT CODE : GE8261
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SUBJECT : Engineering Practices Laboratory (Group B:

Electrical)
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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE
1.Residential house wiring using switches, fuse, indicator, lamp and energy meter.
2.Fluorescent lamp wiring.
3.Stair case wiring
4.Measurement of electrical quantities – voltage, current, power & power factor in RLC
circuit.
5.Measurement of energy using single phase energy meter.
6.Measurement of resistance to earth of electrical equipment.

ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

1. Measurement of Voltage, Current, Power and Power Factor using RL load

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2. CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp), LED (Light Emitting Diode) Lamp and BLDC.

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INDEX
Group B (Electrical)
Marks Faculty
S.No Date Name of the Experiment Page No.
(10) Signature
Residential house wiring using
1 switches, fuse, indicator, lamp and
energy meter
2 Fluorescent lamp wiring

3 Stair case wiring

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Measurement of Voltage, Current,
4 Power and Power factor using R
Load

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Measurement of energy using single
5
phase energy meter

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Measurement of resistance to earth
of electrical equipment
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Additional Experiments
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Measurement of Voltage, Current,

7 Power and Power Factor using RL
load
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CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp),

8 LED (Light Emitting Diode) Lamp and
BLDC (Brushless DC) Fan Wiring
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Ex.No: 1
Date:

Residential House Wiring Using Switches, Fuse, Indicator, Lamp and Energy Meter

Aim:
To Construct House wiring using switches, fuse, indicator, lamp and Energy Meter.

Apparatus Required:
S.No Apparatus Name Range / Type Quantity
1 SPST Switch (Single Pole Single Through)
2 Fuse

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3 Indicator
4 Lamp

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5 Fan
5 Energy meter
6 Connecting wires
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Theory:
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Conductors, switches and other accessories should be of proper capable of carrying the
maximum current which will flow through them. Conductors should be of copper or
aluminum. In power circuit, wiring should be designed for the load which it is supposed to
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carry. Wiring should be done on the distribution system with main and branch distribution
boards at convenient centers. Wiring should neat, with good appearance. Wires should pass
through a pipe or box, and should not twist or cross. The conductor is carried in a rigid steel
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conduit conforming to standards or in a porcelain tube.

Procedure:
1. Study the given wiring diagram.
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2. Make the location points for energy meter, fuse, indicator, main switch box, Switch
board, lamp and ceiling rose.
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3. Draw the lines for wiring on the wooden board.

4. Place the wires along with the line and fix.
5. Fix the lamp holder, Switches, Ceiling rose, Socket in marked positions on the
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wooden board.
6. Connect the energy meter and main switch box in marked positions on the wooden
board.
7. Give a supply to the wires circuit.
8. Test the working of light and socket.

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Circuit Diagram:

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Name Plate Details
Load :
Indicator : P1=____W, V=230V;
Lamp
Fan
: P2=____W, V=230V;
: P3=____W, V=230V;
3 Pin Socket : P4=____W, V=230V;
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I1=____A;
I2=____A;
I3=____A;
I4=____A;
Switch: Nil
Switch:
Switch:
Switch:
---------------------------------------
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Full Load :P=_____W; I=___A

---------------------------------------
Fuse Rating Calculation:
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125% of the Full load Current (I) = = Amp

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Result :
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Ex.no:2
Date:
Fluorescent Lamp Wiring

Aim:
To make and check the fluorescent lamp wiring.

Apparatus Required:
S.no Apparatus Name Range / Type Quantity
1 Fluorescent Lamp
2 Lamp Holder
3 Switch
4 Starter

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5 Choke
6 Connecting wires

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THEORY:
Fluorescent lights are the most commonly used high source for illumination in houses,

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industries, commercial organizations and public utility services. A fluorescent lamp is a low
pressure mercury and public utility services. A fluorescent discharge lamp with internal
surface coated with suitable fluorescent material. This lamp consists of glass tube provided at
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both ends with caps having two pins and oxide coated tungsten filament. Tube contains
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argon or krypton gas to facilitate starting with small quantity of mercury under low pressure.
Fluorescent material, when subjected to electro-magnetic radiations of particular wavelength
produced by the discharge through the mercury vapor, gets excited and in turn gives out
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radiation at some other wave length which falls under visible spectrum. Thus, the secondary
radiations from fluorescent powder increase the efficiency of the lamp. Fluorescent lights in
India are generally made either 61cm long 20 W rating or 122 cm ling 40 W rating.
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In order to make a Fluorescent light self starting, electronic choke is connected in the
circuit. When switch S is closed, full supply voltage appears across the electrodes which are
enclosed in a glasses bulb filled with argon gas. This voltage causes discharge in the argon
gas with consequent heating of the electrodes. Due to this heating, the electrode in the starter
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which is made of bimetallic strip, bends and closes contact of the starter. At this stage, the
choke, the filaments of the tube and the starter become connected in series across the supply.
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A current flows through the filaments and heats them. Meanwhile the argon discharge in the
starter tube disappears and after a cooling time, the electrodes of starter cause a sudden break
in the circuit. This causes a high value of induced EMF in the choke. The induces EMF in
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the choke is applied across the Fluorescent light electrodes and is responsible for initiating a
gaseous discharge because initial heating has already created good number of free electrons
in the vicinity of electrodes

Procedure

1. Make connections as shown in the Figure.

2. Assemble the fluorescent light accessories like starter holder, holder for tube and
chock in the fitting base with the help of screws.
3. Fixed in the holder to light it and switch ON the supply the lamp will glow.
4. Switch off the supply

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Circuit Diagram

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Name Plate Details
Load :
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Fluorescent Lamp : P=____W, V=230V; I=____A; Switch: I___A, 230V.
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Fuse Rating Calculation:

125% of the Full load Current (I) = = Amp
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Result:
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Ex. No: 3

Date:
Staircase Wiring
Aim:
To control the status of the given lamp by using 2 two – way switches

Apparatus Required:
S.No Apparatus Name Range / Type Quantity
1 SPDT Switch
2 Lamp
3 Connecting wires

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Procedure:

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1. Place the accessories on the wiring board as per the circuit diagram.
2. Place the P.V.C pipe and insert two wires into the P.V.C pipe.
3. Take one wire connect one end to the phase side and other end to the middle point of
SPDT switch 1
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4. Upper point of SPDT switch 1 is connected to the upper point of SPDT switch2.
5. Lower point of SPDT 1 is connected to the lower point SPDT switch2.
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6. Another wire taken through a P.V.C pipe and middle point of SPDT switch 2 is
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connected to one end of the lamp holder.

7. Another end of lamp holder is connected to neutral line.
8. Screw the accessories on the board and switch on the supply.
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9. Circuit is tested for all possible combination of switch position.

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Circuit Diagram:

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Name Plate Details

Load:
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Fluorescent Lamp : P=____W, V=230V; I=____A; Switch:_____.

Fuse Rating Calculation:

125% of the Full load Current (I) = = Amp
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Result :
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Thus the staircase wiring was done using two way switch
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Ex. No: 4
Date:
Measurement of Voltage, Current, Power and Power Factor using R load

Aim:
To measure power in a single phase AC circuit using wattmeter by R load.

Apparatus Required:
S.No Name of the Apparatus Range/Type Quantity

1. Voltmeter

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2. Ammeter

3. Wattmeter

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4. R Load
5.
Theory:
Connecting Wires
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Power in an electric circuit can be measured using a wattmeter. A wattmeter consists of two
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coils, namely current coil and pressure coil or potential coil. The current coil is marked as
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ML and pressure coil is marked as CV. The current coil measure the quantity that is
proportional to the current in the circuit the pressure coil measures quantity that is
proportional to the voltage in the circuit. The given wattmeter is loaded by direct loading.
The ammeter is connected in series to the wattmeter. Since the same current flows in both the
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coils, the current and voltage across the circuit are constant. The power consumed by the load
is measured using the wattmeter and calculated using the formula.
Procedure:
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1. Connection is given as per circuit diagram.

2. Initially no load is applied.
3. Switching of the power supply.
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4. Apply the load by adjusting R load.

5. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter.
6. After taking all the readings, reduce the load slowly to the minimum position.
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7. Switch off the power supply.

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Circuit Diagram

Name Plate Details

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Load :
Load : P=____W, V=230V; I=____A;
Fuse Rating Calculation:

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125% of the Full load Current (I) = = Amp

Observation Table:
Sl.N Actual Load
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Power (W)
o (W) Multiplication Factor= Apparent Power Factor
Voltage (V) Current (A)
(Cosϕ)
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Power (W)
Observed Actual
1 0
2 100
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3 200
4 300
5 500
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6 1000
Real Power =V×I×Cosϕ (in Watts)
Apparent Power =V×I (in Watts)
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Actual Power = Observed Wattmeter reading × Multiplication Factor.

Power Factor (Cosϕ)= Apparent Power / Actual Power
Model Calculation:
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Result : Thus the power was calculated using wattmeter by R load

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Ex.No:5
Date:
Measurement of Energy Using Energy meter
Aim:
To measure the energy in a single phase circuit using direct Loading.
Apparatus Required:
S.no Name of the apparatus Range/type Quantity

1. Single Phase Energy meter Rev/kWh

2. Voltmeter

3. Ammeter

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4. Wattmeter

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5. Load
6. Connecting Wires
Theory:
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Energy meters are integrating instruments and are used for measurement of energy in
a circuit over a given time. Since the working principle of such instrument is based on
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electro-magnetic induction, these are known as induction type energy meter. There are two
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coils in an induction type energy meter, namely current coil and voltage coil. The current coil
is connected in series with the load while the voltage coil is connected across the load. The
aluminium disc experiences deflecting torque due to eddy currents induced in it and its
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rotations are counted by a gear train mechanism.

Procedure:
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1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Supply is given to the switch by closing the DPST switch.
3. Load is switched on.
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4. Time taken for five revolutions in the energy meter is noted and the
Corresponding ammeter and voltmeter reading are noted.
5. The above procedure is repeated for different load current and for fixed
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number of revolutions.
6. Then the load is gradually released and supply is switched OFF.
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7. The error is calculated and the graph is plotted between calculated energy and
Percentage of error.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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Name Plate Details
Load :

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Load : P=____W, V=230V; I=____A;
Fuse Rating Calculation:
125% of the Full load Current (I) = = e eri Amp

Observation Table:
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Loa W (W) Calculated Observed

Time in Seconds
S.N d V I Energy Energy %
Observe (t)
o (W) (V) (A) Actual (P) (kWh- (kWh- Error
d (5 Revolutions)
Unit) Unit)
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1 0
2 100
3 200
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4 300
5 500
Model Calculation:
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Calculated Energy=
Observed Energy =
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% of Error =
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Result : Thus the power was calculated using wattmeter by RL load

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EX.NO:6
DATE:
Measurement of Resistance to Earth of Electrical Equipment
AIM:

To measure the resistance to earth resistance of Electrical Equipment.

APPARTUS REQUIRED:
S.no Name of the Apparatus Range/type Quantity

1.

2.

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3.

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4.

5.
6.
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THEORY:
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For this experiment we have to use the Megger. It is an instrument for testing the
insulation resistance of the order of mega ohms.
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A megger consists of an emf source and a voltmeter. The voltmeter scale is calibrated
in ohms. In measurement, the emf of the self-contained source should be equal that of the
source used in calibration. The deflection of the moving system depends on the ratio of the
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currents in the coils and is independent of the applied voltage. The value of unknown
resistance can be found directly from the scale of the instrument. Figure shows detailed
diagram of a megger. It consists of a hand driven dc generator a emf about 500V.the
permanent dc meter has two moving coils. First one is deflecting coil and another one is
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controlling coil. The deflecting coil is connected to the generator through a resistor R2. The
torque due to the two coils opposes each other. It consists of three terminals E (earth
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terminal) and L (line terminal) and G (guard wire terminal).

OPERATION:
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When the terminals are open circuited, no current flows through the deflecting coil.
The torque to the controlling coil moves the pointer to one end of the scale. When the
terminals are short circuited, the torque due to the controlling coil and the pointer is deflected
to the other end of the scale i.e. zero mark. In between the two extreme positions the scale is
calibrated to indicate the value of unknown resistance directly. The unknown insulation
resistance is the combination of insulation volume resistance and surface leakage resistance.
The guard wire terminal makes the surface leakage current to bypass the instrument hence
only insulation resistance is measured.

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TABULATION:
Resistance
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S.No Position (Distance in Meter)

(Ω)

1 Square
C1-P1:___m, C1-P2:___m, C1-C2:___m, P1-P2:___m, P1-C2:___m, P2-C2:___m

2 Horizontal
C1-P1:___m, C1-P2:___m, C1-C2:___m, P1-P2:___m, P1-C2:___m, P2-C2:___m

3 Triangular
C1-P1:___m, C1-P2:___m, C1-C2:___m, P1-P2:___m, P1-C2:___m, P2-C2:___m
RESULT:
Thus the earth resistance in Horizontal position = , Square position = , Triangular
position = .

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Ex. No: 7
Date:
Measurement of Voltage, Current, Power and Power Factor using RL load
Aim:
To measure power in a single phase AC circuit using wattmeter by RL load.
Apparatus Required:
S.No Name of the Apparatus Range/Type Quantity

1. Voltmeter

2. Ammeter

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3. Wattmeter

4. R Load

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5. Connecting Wires
Theory:

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Power in an electric circuit can be measured using a wattmeter. A wattmeter consists of two
coils, namely current coil and pressure coil or potential coil. The current coil is marked as
ML and pressure coil is marked as CV. The current coil measure the quantity that is
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proportional to the current in the circuit the pressure coil measures quantity that is
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proportional to the voltage in the circuit. The given wattmeter is loaded by direct loading.
The ammeter is connected in series to the wattmeter. Since the same current flows in both the
coils, the current and voltage across the circuit are constant. The power consumed by the load
is measured using the wattmeter and calculated using the formula.
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Procedure:
1. Connection is given as per circuit diagram.
2. Initially no load is applied.
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3. Switching of the power supply.

4. Apply the load by adjusting R load.
5. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter.
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6. Repeat the steps 5 and 6 until the ammeter reading reaches 10A.
7. After taking all the readings, reduce the load slowly to the minimum position.
8. Switch off the power supply.
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Circuit Diagram

Name Plate Details

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Load :
Load : P=____W, V=230V; I=____A;
Fuse Rating Calculation:

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125% of the Full load Current (I) = = Amp

Observation Table:
Sl.N Actual Load
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Power (W)
o (W) Multiplication Factor= Apparent Power Factor
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Voltage (V) Current (A)
Power (W) (Cosϕ)
Observed Actual
1 0
2 100
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3 200
4 300
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5 500
6 1000
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Real Power =V×I×Cosϕ (in Watts)

Apparent Power =V×I (in Watts)
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Actual Power = Observed Power × Multiplication Factor.

Power Factor (Cosϕ)=
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Model Calculation:

Result : Thus the power was calculated using wattmeter by RL load.

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Ex.No: 8
Date:

Residential House Wiring Using CFL, LED and BLDC Fan

Aim:
To Construct House wiring using switches, fuse, indicator, lamp and Energy Meter.

Apparatus Required:
S.No Apparatus Name Range / Type Quantity
1 SPST Switch (Single Pole Single Through)
2 Fuse

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3 Indicator
4 Lamp

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5 Fan
5 Energy meter
6 Connecting wires
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Theory:
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Conductors, switches and other accessories should be of proper capable of carrying the
maximum current which will flow through them. Conductors should be of copper or
aluminum. In power circuit, wiring should be designed for the load which it is supposed to
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carry. Wiring should be done on the distribution system with main and branch distribution
boards at convenient centers. Wiring should neat, with good appearance.
● Wires should pass through a pipe or box, and should not twist or cross.
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● The conductor is carried in a rigid steel conduit conforming to standards or in a

porcelain tube.

Procedure:
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1. Study the given wiring diagram.

2. Make the location points for energy meter, fuse, indicator, main switch box,
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Switch board, lamp and ceiling rose.

3. Draw the lines for wiring on the wooden board.
4. Place the wires along with the line and fix.
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5. Fix the lamp holder, Switches, Ceiling rose, Socket in marked positions on the
wooden board.
6. Connect the energy meter and main switch box in marked positions on the
wooden board.
7. Give a supply to the wires circuit.
8. Test the working of light and socket.

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Circuit Diagram:

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Name Plate Details
Load :
Indicator
Lamp
: P1=____W, V=230V;
: P2=____W, V=230V;
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I1=____A;
I2=____A;
Switch: Nil
Switch:
Fan : P3=____W, V=230V; I3=____A; Switch:
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3 Pin Socket : P4=____W, V=230V; I4=____A; Switch:

---------------------------------------
Full Load :P=_____W; I=___A
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---------------------------------------
Fuse Rating Calculation:
125% of the Full load Current (I) = = Amp
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Result :
Thus the House wiring was constructed using switches, fuse, indicator, lamp and
Energy Meter.

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Available Rating of Apparatus in Open Market

Switch:
Switch 1: I= 5A, V=230V, Switch 2: I=10A, V=230V, Switch 3: I=16A, V=230V,
Switch 4: I=20A, V=230V, Switch 5: I=32A, V=230V
Lamp:
Lamp 1: P= 15 W, V=230V, Lamp 2: P= 23 W, V=230V, Lamp 3: P= 28 W, V=230V,
Lamp 4: P= 40 W, V=230V, Lamp 5: P= 60 W, V=230V, Lamp 6: P=100 W, V=230V
Lamp 7: P=200 W, V=230V
Fan:
Fan 1: P= 24 W, V=230V, Fan 2: P= 35 W, V=230V, Fan 3: P= 60 W, V=230V
3 Pin Socket:
Socket 1:I= 5A, V=230V, Socket 2:I=16A, V=230V, Socket 3:I=32A, V=230V

.in
Energy Meter:
Meter 1: I= 5A, V=230V, 1200 Revs/KWh, Meter 2: I=10A, V=230V, 1200 Revs/KWh
Meter 3: I=20A, V=230V, 1200 Revs/KWh

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Resistive Load:
Load 1: P= 1kW, V=230V, Load 2: P= 2kW, V=230V, Load 3: P= 5kW, V=230V,
Load 4: P= 10kW, V=230V
Inductive Load:
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Load 1: P= 1kW, V=230V, Load 2: P= 2kW, V=230V, Load 3: P= 5kW, V=230V,
Load 4: P= 10kW, V=230V
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Watt Meter:
Meter 1: V=300V, 5A, UPF, Meter 2: V=300V, 5A, LPF, Meter 3: V=300V, 10A, UPF,
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Meter 4: V=300V, 10A, LPF

Autotransformer:
Model 1: 1Phase, V=0-300V, 1kVA, Model 1: 1Phase, V=0-300V, 5kVA,
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Voltmeter:
Meter 1:V=0-1V, Meter 2:V=0-10V, Meter 3:V=0-20V, Meter 4:V=0-150V, Meter 5:V=0-300V,
Meter 6:V=0-600V
Ammeter:
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Meter 1:I=0-1A, Meter 2:I=0-5A, Meter 3:I=0-10A, Meter 4:I=0-15A, Meter 5:I=0-20A,
Meter 6:I=0-25A
Wire:
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Wire 1: I= 1A, V=230V, Wire 2: I= 5A, V=230V,

Wire 3: I= 16A, V=230V, Wire 4: I= 32A, V=230V,
Fuse:
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Fuse 1:I=1A, Fuse 2:I=2A, Fuse 3:I=5A, Fuse 4:I=10A, Fuse 5:I=15A, Fuse 6:I=20A, Fuse 7:I=25A
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