My – SQL Functions
String Functions: The string functions in MySQL can manipulate the
text string in many ways.
1. CHAR(): This function returns the character for each integer passed.
Syntax: CHAR( value-1, value-2)
Example :
SELECT CHAR(65,66,67,68);
Syntax: CONCAT ( str1, str2,…)
Example : SELECT CONCAT (‘INFO.’, ‘PRACTICES’);
3. LOWER / LCASE: This functions converts a string into lowercase.
Syntax: lower / lcase (string)
Example : SELECT LCASE (‘COMPUTER’);
4. UPPER / UCASE : This functions converts the given string into upper
case.
Syntax : upper / ucase (string)
Example : SELECT UPPER(‘computer’);
5. TRIM : This functions removes leading and trailing spaces from a
given string.
Example : SELECT TRIM (‘ COMPUTER ‘);
6. INSTR : This function searches for given second string into the given
first string.
Syntax : INSTR(string-1, string-2)
Example: SELECT INSTR(‘CORPORATE FLOOR’,’OR’);
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7. LENGTH : This functions returns the length of a given string.
Syntax : LENGTH (String)
Example : SELECT LENGTH (‘COMPUTER’);
8. LEFT : This functions returns the leftmost number of characters as
specified.
Syntax: LEFT (string, no. of characters)
Example : SELECT LEFT (‘COMPUTER’,4);
9. RIGHT : This functions returns the rightmost number of characters as
specified.
Syntax: RIGHT (string, no. of characters)
Example : SELECT RIGHT ( ‘COMPUTER’,4);
10. SUBSTR : This function extracts a substring from a given string.
Example : SELECT SUBSTR(‘ABCDEF’,2,3);
Numeric Functions : The number functions are those functions that
accepts numeric values and after performing the required operations,
return numeric values.
1. MOD : This function returns modulus ( i.e. remainder) of given
numbers.
Syntax : SELECT MOD (m,n);
Example : SELECT MOD (14,3);
2. POWER / POW : This functions returns m raised to nth power.
Example :SELECT POWER (3,2);
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3. SQRT : This functions returns the square root of given number.
Example : SELECT SQRT (45);
4. SIGN : This function returns sign of given number.
If number is -ive output is value -1
If number is 0 output is zero
If number is +ive output is 1
Example : SELECT SIGN (-20);
5. ROUND : This function returns a number rounded off as per given
specifications.
Example : SELECT ROUND (145.345,2);
6. TRUNCATE : This returns a number with some digits truncated.
Example : SELECT TRUNCATE (15.56,1);
DATE & TIME FUNCTIONS:
1. CURDATE () : This function returns the current date.
Example : SELECT CURDATE();
2. MONTH(): This function returns the month from the date passed.
Example : SELECT MONTH(‘2021-07-11’);
3. MONTHNAME(): This function returns the name of the month for a
date.
Example : SELECT MONTHNAME(‘2021-07-11’);
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4. DAY() : This function returns the day part of date.
Example : SELECT DAY(‘2021-07-11’);
5.YEAR(): This function returns the year part of a date.
Example : SELECT YEAR(‘2021-07-11’);
6. DAYNAME() : This function returns the name of weekday.
Example : SELECT DAYNAME(‘2021-07-11’);
7. DAYOFMONTH() : This function returns the day of month.
Example : SELECT DAYOFMONTH(‘2021-07-11’);
8. DAYOFWEEK(): This function returns the day of week.
Example : SELECT DAYOFWEEK(‘2021-07-11’);
9. DAYOFYEAR(): This function returns the day of the year.
Example : SELECT DAYOFYEAR(‘2021-07-11’);
10.NOW(): This function returns the current date and time.
Example: SELECT NOW();
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