Quiros, Paul John C.

Lab – Converting IPv4 Addresses to Binary

Objectives
Part 1: Convert IPv4 Addresses from Dotted Decimal to Binary
Part 2: Use Bitwise ANDing Operation to Determine Network Addresses
Part 3: Apply Network Address Calculations

Background / Scenario
Every IPv4 address is comprised of two parts: a network portion and a host portion. The network portion of an
address is the same for all devices that reside in the same network. The host portion identifies a specific host
within a given network. The subnet mask is used to determine the network portion of an IP address. Devices
on the same network can communicate directly; devices on different networks require an intermediary Layer 3
device, such as a router, to communicate.
To understand the operation of devices on a network, we need to look at addresses the way devices do—in
binary notation. To do this, we must convert the dotted decimal form of an IP address and its subnet mask to
binary notation. After this has been done, we can use the bitwise ANDing operation to determine the network
address.
This lab provides instructions on how to determine the network and host portion of IP addresses by converting
addresses and subnet masks from dotted decimal to binary, and then using the bitwise ANDing operation.
You will then apply this information to identify addresses in the network.

Part 1: Convert IPv4 Addresses from Dotted Decimal to Binary

In Part 1, you will convert decimal numbers to their binary equivalent. After you have mastered this activity,
you will convert IPv4 addresses and subnet masks from dotted decimal to their binary form.

Step 1: Convert decimal numbers to their binary equivalent.

Fill in the following table by converting the decimal number to an 8-bit binary number. The first number has
been completed for your reference. Recall that the eight binary bit values in an octet are based on the powers
of 2, and from left to right are 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1.

Decimal Binary

192 11000000
168 10101000
10 00001010
255 11111111
2 00000010

Step 2: Convert the IPv4 addresses to their binary equivalent.

An IPv4 address can be converted using the same technique you used above. Fill in the table below with the
binary equivalent of the addresses provided. To make your answers easier to read, separate the binary octets
with a period.

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Lab – Converting IPv4 Addresses to Binary

Decimal Binary

192.168.10.10 11000000.10101000.00001010.00001010
209.165.200.229 11010001.10100101.11001000.11010101
172.16.18.183 10101100.00010000.00010010.10110111
10.86.252.17 00001010.01010110.11111100.00010001
255.255.255.128 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.10000000
255.255.192.0 11111111. 11111111.11000000.00000000

Part 2: Use Bitwise ANDing Operation to Determine Network Addresses

In Part 2, you will use the bitwise ANDing operation to calculate the network address for the provided host
addresses. You will first need to convert an IPv4 decimal address and subnet mask to their binary equivalent.
Once you have the binary form of the network address, convert it to its decimal form.
Note: The ANDing process compares the binary value in each bit position of the 32-bit host IP with the
corresponding position in the 32-bit subnet mask. If there two 0s or a 0 and a 1, the ANDing result is 0. If
there are two 1s, the result is a 1, as shown in the example here.

Step 1: Determine the number of bits to use to calculate the network address.

Description Decimal Binary

IP Address 192.168.10.131 11000000.10101000.00001010.10000011

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
Network Address 192.168.10.128 11000000.10101000.00001010.10000000

How do you determine what bits to use to calculate the network address?
- The bits on both IP address and Subnet Mask
In the example above, how many bits are used to calculate the network address?
- 26 bits

Step 2: Use the ANDing operation to determine the network address.

a. Enter the missing information into the table below:

Description Decimal Binary

IP Address 172.16.145.29 10101100.00010000.10010011.00011101

Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Network Address 172.16.0.0 10101100.00010000.00000000.00000000

b. Enter the missing information into the table below:

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Lab – Converting IPv4 Addresses to Binary

Description Decimal Binary

IP Address 192.168.10.10 11000000.10101000.00001010.00001010

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Network Address 192.168.10.0 11000000.10101000.00001010.00000000

c. Enter the missing information into the table below:

Description Decimal Binary

IP Address 192.168.68.210 11000000.10101000.01000100.11010010

Subnet Mask 255.255.255.128 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
Network Address 192.168.68.128 11000000.10101000.01000100.10000000

d. Enter the missing information into the table below:

Description Decimal Binary

IP Address 172.16.188.15 10101100.00010000.10111100.00001111

Subnet Mask 255.255.240.0 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
Network Address 172.16.176.0 10101100.00010000.10110000.00000000

e. Enter the missing information into the table below:

Description Decimal Binary

IP Address 10.172.2.8 00001010.10101100.00000010.00001000

Subnet Mask 255.224.0.0 11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000
Network Address 10.160.0.0 00001010.10100000.00000000.00000000

Part 3: Apply Network Address Calculations

In Part 3, you must calculate the network address for the given IP addresses and subnet masks. After you
have the network address, you should be able to determine the responses needed to complete the lab.

Step 1: Determine whether IP addresses are on same network.

a. You are configuring two PCs for your network. PC-A is given an IP address of 192.168.1.18, and PC-B is
given an IP address of 192.168.1.33. Both PCs receive a subnet mask of 255.255.255.240.
What is the network address for PC-A? – 192.168.1.16
What is the network address for PC-B? – 192.168.1.31
Will these PCs be able to communicate directly with each other? No
What is the highest address that can be given to PC-B that allows it to be on the same network as PC-A?
– 192.168.1.30
b. You are configuring two PCs for your network. PC-A is given an IP address of 10.0.0.16, and PC-B is
given an IP address of 10.1.14.68. Both PCs receive a subnet mask of 255.254.0.0.

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Lab – Converting IPv4 Addresses to Binary

What is the network address for PC-A? - 10.0.0.0

What is the network address for PC-B? - 10.0.0.0
Will these PCs be able to communicate directly with each other?- Yes
What is the lowest address that can be given to PC-B that allows it to be on the same network as PC-A?
- 10.0.0.1

Step 2: Identify the default gateway address.

a. Your company has a policy to use the first IP address in a network as the default gateway address. A host
on the local-area network (LAN) has an IP address of 172.16.140.24 and a subnet mask of
255.255.192.0.
What is the network address for this network?
- 172.16.128.0
What is the default gateway address for this host?
- 172.16.128.0
b. Your company has a policy to use the first IP address in a network as the default gateway address. You
have been instructed to configure a new server with an IP address of 192.168.184.227 and a subnet
mask of 255.255.255.248.
What is the network address for this network?
- 192.168.184.224
What is the default gateway for this server?
- 192.168.184.225

Reflection
Why is the subnet mask important in determining the network address?
- The subnet mask allocates number of bits in order to be use for the network portion of an address in
which will be used by the network address. Therefore, network address cannot be determined without it

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