B.E.

(Electronics and Communication Engineering), 2018-19

Category L T P Credit
18ECRB0 ADHOC AND SENSOR NETWORKS
PEES 3 0 0 3

Preamble
The objective of this course is to introduce students with fundamental concepts, design
issues and solutions to the issues – architectures and protocols - and the state-of-the-art
research developments in ad hoc and sensor networks.
Prerequisite
14EC510 Data Communication Networks
Course Outcomes
On the successful completion of the course students will be able to
CO# Course Outcome Statement Weightage in %

CO1 Identify the necessity of Ad Hoc and Sensor networks 15

CO2 Use various MAC protocols for Adhoc Network 20
CO3 Use various routing protocols for Adhoc Network 20
CO4 Use appropriate network protocol to provide solutions for transport 20
layer issues
CO5 Analyze the MAC, routing issues in Ad hoc and sensor networks 15
CO6 Explain the applications and future trends in Wireless Sensor 10
Network
CO Mapping with CDIO Curriculum Framework
CO TCE Learning Domain Level CDIO Curricular
# Proficiency Cognitive Affective Psychomotor Components
Scale (X.Y.Z)
CO1 TPS2 Understand Respond - 1.3, 2.1.1, 2.1.5
CO2 TPS3 Apply Value - 1.3, 2.2.22,1.5, 3.2,6
CO3 TPS3 Apply Value - 1.3, 2.1.1, 2.1.5, 3.2,6
CO4 TPS3 Apply Value - 1.3, 2.1.1, 2.3.1
CO5 TPS4 Analyze Organise - 1.3, 2.1.1, 2.1.5, 2.2.2,
2.3.1, 3.2,6
CO6 TPS2 Understand Respond - 1.3, 2.1.1, 2.1.5
Mapping with Programme Outcomes and Programme Specific Outcomes
Cos PO PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO PO PO PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
1 10 11 12
CO1 M L - - - - - - - - - - L - -
CO2 S M L - - - - - - - - L M - -
CO3 S M L - - - - - - - - L M - -
CO4 S M L - - - - - - L - L M - -
CO5 S S M L L - - - - L - L S - -
CO6 M L - - - - - - - - - - L - -
S- Strong; M-Medium; L-Low
Assessment Pattern: Cognitive Domain
Cognitive Continuous Assessment Assignment End Semester
Levels Tests Examination
1 2 3 1 2 3
Remember 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Understand 40 40 40 0 0 0 40
Apply 40 60 40 100 100 70 40
Analyse 0 0 20 0 0 30 20
Evaluate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Create 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

th
Passed in BoS Meeting 04.07.2020 Approved in 60 Academic Council Meeting on 25.07.2020
 B.E.(Electronics and Communication Engineering), 2018-19

Assessment Pattern: Psychomotor

Psychomotor Skill Assignment-1 Assignment-2 Assignment-3
Perception - - -
Set - - -
Guided Response - - -
Mechanism - - -
Complex Overt Responses - - -
Adaptation - - -
Origination - - -

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1):
1. Define hidden terminal problem and how it is alleviated at the MAC layer?
2. Define loop-free property ensured in on-demand routing protocols?
3. Identify and elaborate some of the important issues in pricing for multi hop wireless
communication.
Course Outcome 2 (CO2):
1. Identify the advantages and limitations of routing protocol that uses GPS information
for an ad hoc wireless network for search and rescue operations.
2. Give application scenarios where contention-based, reservation-based and packet
scheduling-based MAC protocols can be used.
3. Calculate the probability of data packet collision in the MACA protocol. Assume that
Tc is the control packet transmission and propagation delay, Tw is the optimal
maximum back-off time, β is the percentage of ready nodes, and R is the
transmission range of each node.
Course Outcome 3 (CO3):
1. Find out the probability of a path break for an eight-hop path, given that the
probability of a link break is .2.
2. Consider the third iteration of LEACH protocol. If the desired number of nodes per
cluster is ten, what is the threshold calculated for a node during its random number
generation?
3. In FPRP, can a situation occur where a requesting node is not able to detect
collisions that have occurred in the reservation request phase? If so, suggest simple
modifications to solve the problem.
Course Outcome 4 (CO4):
1. Channel quality estimation can be done both at the sender and receiver. Which is
more advantageous? Why?
2. In the CGSR protocol, the resources of the node chosen as the cluster-head get
drained very quickly, more rapidly than the other nodes in the cluster. How can this
problem be overcome?
3. Point out the implications of an extension of split TCP. Where every intermediate
node acts as proxy node
Course Outcome 5 (CO5):
1. During a research discussion, one of your colleagues suggested an extension of
split-TCP where every intermediate node acts as proxy node. What would be the
implications of such a protocol?
2. Determine the back-off calculation mechanism used in DWOP. Is it guaranteed to be
accurate at all times? If not, explain why?
3. How does data gathering done in WSN?
Course Outcome 6 (CO6):
1. Design a habitat monitoring system using sensor networks
2. Design and develop a Cross layer Design based sensor networks.
3. Analyze the effect of the carrier sensing zone of a transmission on the performance
of a MAC protocol.

th
Passed in BoS Meeting 04.07.2020 Approved in 60 Academic Council Meeting on 25.07.2020
 B.E.(Electronics and Communication Engineering), 2018-19

Concept Map

Syllabus
Ad-hoc Mac: Design Issues in Ad-Hoc Networks - MAC Protocols – Issues, Classifications
of MAC protocols: Contention Based Protocols, Contention Based Protocols with reservation
mechanisms, Contention Based Protocols with Scheduling Mechanism – MAC protocol with
Directional Antenna - Multi channel MAC & Power control MAC protocol. Ad-Hoc Routing
protocols and Ad-Hoc Transport layer: Issues – Classifications of routing protocols:
Table Driven Protocols, On-Demand Routing Protocols, Hybrid Routing Protocols –
Hierarchical and Power aware Routing Protocols – Ad Hoc Transport Layer Issues, TCP
Over Ad Hoc – Feedback based, TCP with explicit link, TCP-Bus, Ad Hoc TCP, and Split
TCP. WSN: Introduction – Design Issues and challenges – Energy consumption – Clustering
of sensors MAC protocols: Classifications of MAC protocols: Contention Based Protocols,
Contention Free Protocols, Hybrid Protocols. Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor
Networks: Data Dissemination – Data Gathering – Routing Challenges and Design Issues
in WSN - Routing Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks: Flooding and Its Variants -
Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation(SPIN) - Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering
Hierarchy(LEACH) - Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems(PEGASIS) -
Directed Diffusion - Geographical Routing - Location Discovery – QoS – Other issues:
Energy Efficient Design, Synchronization, Transport layer issues, Security. Applications
and Case studies in Wireless Sensor Networks: Target detection – Habitat Monitoring –
Environment disaster Monitoring – Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks - Cross-Layer
Design for Wireless Sensor Networks
Learning Resources
 C.Siva Ram Murthy and B.S. Manoj, ―Ad Hoc Wireless Networks – Architectures and
Protocols‖, Pearson Education, 2008.
 Jun Zheng and Abbas Jamalipour,―Wireless Sensor Network A Networking Perspective‖,
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication,2009.
 KazemSohraby, Daniel Minoli and TaiebZnati, ―Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology,
Protocols and Applications, A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication, 2007.
 Carlos de Morais Cordeiro, Dharma Prakash Agrawal, ―Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks,
Theory and Applications‖, World Scientific 2006.
 Feng Zhao and Leonidas Guibas, ―Wireless Sensor Networks‖, Morgan Kaufman
Publishers, 2010.
 C.K.Toh, ―Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks‖, Pearson Education, 2008.
Course Contents and Lecture Schedule
Module Topic No. of Course
No. Hours Outcome
1. Ad hoc Mac
1.1 Design Issues in Ad-Hoc Networks 1 CO1
1.2 MAC Protocols Issues 1 CO1

th
Passed in BoS Meeting 04.07.2020 Approved in 60 Academic Council Meeting on 25.07.2020
 B.E.(Electronics and Communication Engineering), 2018-19

1.3 Classifications of MAC protocols: Contention Based 1 CO1

Protocols
1.4 Contention Based Protocols with reservation 1 CO1
mechanisms, Contention Based Protocols with
Scheduling Mechanism
1.5 MAC protocol with Directional Antenna 2 CO1
1.6 Multichannel MAC 1
1.7 Power control MAC protocol 1
2. Ad-Hoc Routing protocols and Ad-Hoc Transport layer
2.1 Issues, Classifications of routing protocols: Table 2 CO2
Driven Protocols
2.2 On-Demand Routing Protocols, Hybrid Routing 2 CO2
Protocols
2.3 Hierarchical and Power aware Routing Protocols 1 CO3
2.4 Ad Hoc Transport Layer Issues, TCP Over Ad Hoc 2 CO3
2.5 Feedback based, TCP with explicit link, TCP-Bus 1 CO3
2.6 Ad Hoc TCP, and Split TCP 1 CO3
3. WSN: MAC protocols
3.1 Introductionof WSN 1 CO4
3.2 Design Issues and challenges and Energy 1 CO4
consumption
3.3 Clustering of sensors 1 CO4
3.4 Classifications of MAC protocols: Contention Based 1 CO4
Protocols
3.5 Contention Free Protocols, Hybrid Protocols 1
4. Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
4.1 Data Dissemination, Data Gathering 1 CO5
4.2 Routing Challenges and Design Issues in WSN 1 CO5
4.3 Routing Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks: 1 CO5
Flooding and Its Variants
4.4 SPIN , LEACH , PEGASIS 1 CO5
4.5 Directed Diffusion, Geographical Routing 1
4.6 Location Discovery, QoS 1
4.7 Other issues: Energy Efficient Design, 1
Synchronization, Transport layer issues, Security
5 Applications and Case studies in Wireless Sensor Networks
5.1 Target detection 1 CO6
5.2 Habitat Monitoring 1 CO6
5.3 Environmental disaster Monitoring 1 CO6
5.4 Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks 1 CO6
5.5 Cross-Layer Design for Wireless Sensor Networks 1 CO6
Total Hours 36

Course Designers:
 Dr. M.S.K. Manikandan [email protected]
 Dr. E. Murugavalli [email protected]
 Dr. S. Ponmalar [email protected]

th
Passed in BoS Meeting 04.07.2020 Approved in 60 Academic Council Meeting on 25.07.2020