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Properties of Matrix Multiplication: Example 6

The document discusses properties of matrix multiplication and transposes. It states that matrix multiplication is associative and obeys left and right distributive properties. It also lists properties of the transpose operation, including that the transpose of a sum is the sum of the transposes and the transpose of a scalar multiple is the scalar multiple of the transpose. An example problem determines values of k such that (kA)t(kA)=1 for a given matrix A. Practice problems apply these concepts.

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51 views

Properties of Matrix Multiplication: Example 6

The document discusses properties of matrix multiplication and transposes. It states that matrix multiplication is associative and obeys left and right distributive properties. It also lists properties of the transpose operation, including that the transpose of a sum is the sum of the transposes and the transpose of a scalar multiple is the scalar multiple of the transpose. An example problem determines values of k such that (kA)t(kA)=1 for a given matrix A. Practice problems apply these concepts.

Uploaded by

visiting mathematics
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 3

Properties of Matrix Multiplication


If the matrices A, B, and C are conformable for the indicated sums and products,
then
• A(BC) = (AB)C (Associative property)
• A(B + C) = AB + AC (Left distributive property)
• (A + B)C = AC + BC (Right distributive property)

Properties of Transpose
If r is a scalar and A and B are matrices, then
(i) (At )t = A (ii) (A + B)t = At + B t
(iii) (AB)t = B t At (iv) (rA)t = rAt
Example 6:  
3
 
Determine a constant k such that (kA)t (kA) = 1, where A = 2. Is there more
 
 
1
than one value of k that could be used?
Solution:      
3 3 3k
      h i
t
Since A = 2, so kA = k 2 = 2k  and (kA) = 3k 2k k .
     
     
1 1 k

1
Now

(kA)t (kA) = 1
 
3k
h i 
⇒ 3k 2k k 2k  = [1]
 
 
k
h i
⇒ 9k + 4k + k = [1]
2 2 2
h i
⇒ 14k = [1]
2

⇒ 14k 2 = 1
1
⇒ k = ±√
14

The possible values of k which can be used are − √114 and √1 .


14

Practice Exercise
Solve / write answers
 of the following short questions:
1
 
(i) If A = 1 + i. Find A(A)t .
 
 
i
   
x−1 1 y 1
(ii) Find the values of x and y if  = .
y y+5 x − 1 −x
   
3x + y −y 1 2
(iii) Find x and y, if  = .
2y − x y + 5 −5 3
   
3x + y −y 1 2
(iv) Find x and y, if  = .
2y − x 3 −5 3

(v) Find the values of x and y if


     
3 x −1 3 3y 6 10 2 −1
3 + 1 = 
5 −2 y 3 9 6 12x + 6 18 −4 5

2
(vi) Which of the following matrices are symmetric, skew symmetric?
     
10 2 3 a g f 0 g f
     
(a)  2 9 6 , (b)  g b h , (c)  −g 0 h
     
     
3 6 8 f h c −f −h 0

(vii) Explain, why, in general, in matrix algebra


(a) (A + B)2 6= A2 + 2AB + B 2
(b) and A2 − B 2 6= (A − B)(A + B).
Under what conditions equality holds in each case?
   
2 2
cos θ cosθsinθ sin θ −cosθsinθ
(viii) If A =   and B =  ,
2 2
−cosθsinθ sin θ cosθsinθ cos θ
then show that A+B is an identity matrix of order 2.
   
2 2
cos θ + 1 cosθsinθ sin θ −cosθsinθ
(ix) If A =   and B =  ,
2 2
−cosθsinθ sin θ cosθsinθ cos θ + 1
then show that A+B is a scalar matrix 2l2 .

(x) If A is a square matrix then show that


(a) A + At is symmetric
(b) A − At is skew symmetric
 
1 2
(xi) If  , then show that A2 − 5A − 2I = 0.
3 4
   
3 1 2
(xii) Find a scalar r such that AX = rX, where A =   and X =  .
1 3 2
h i
(xiii) Find all values of k such that (KA)(KA)t = 1 where 1 2 3 .

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