VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)

ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. X

VIVA Institute of Technology PP XX-XX
9thNational Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021(NCRENB-2021)

Comparative Study on Advanced Farm Security System

Using Internet of Things and Image Processing.
Saily Kini1, Saurabh Hadpe2, Vishal Rasal 3, Prof. Janhavi Sangoi4
1
(Department of Computer Engineering, Mumbai University,
India) Email: [email protected]
2
(Department of Computer Engineering, Mumbai University,
India) Email: [email protected]
3
(Department of Computer Engineering, Mumbai University,
India) Email:[email protected]
4
(Department of Computer Engineering, Mumbai University,
India) Email: janhavisangoi@viva-
technology.org

Abstract: Internet of Things consists of two words Internet and objects. The term objects in IoT refers to
various IoT devices that have unique identities and are capable of making remote sensing, performing and
live monitoring of certain types of data. IoT devices enable other devices connected to the app directly or
indirectly, and send data to various servers and combining IoT with Image processing in the agriculture
sector can lead to a more technology driven system in terms of agriculture security which can create a
Smart Agricultural Security System.
The major problem in today’s agriculture sector is protecting crops from local animals and thieves
because it is not possible for every farmer to barricade the entire field or stay on the field 24 hours and guard
it. So, to overcome this problem there must be an automated crop protecting system which uses leading
technologies like IoT and Image Processing. The advantage of using this system can help farmer to monitor
the farm even if farmer is away from field by installing various sensors in farm to detect motion of local
animal and sent data to farmer app directly and also farmer can see live streaming of the farm with help of
camera installed in farm. This ensures complete safety of crops from animals and thieves thus increasing
financial gain with a proper security surveillance system.
Keywords - IoT, Image Processing, Farm Security, Crop Protection, Arduino Uno.

I. INTRODUCTION
To know whether any intruder came inside the farm or not has always being challenging task for
every farmer. The proposed system gives protection to the farm as well as it sends notification alert to the
farmer about intruder by using IOT devices and deep learning techniques. The proposed system is a
prescient model for protection of farm. It is a system which will detect the object with the help of sensors
and classify it whether it is human or animal with the help of deep learning.

1.1 INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)

Internet of Things consists of two words Internet and objects. The term objects in IoT refers to various IoT
devices that have unique identities and are capable of making remote sensing, performing and live
monitoring of certain types of data. IoT devices are enabled to have live data exchange with other devices
connected to the app directly or indirectly, or to collect data from other devices and process data and send
data to various servers. A good IoT device has a variety of areas to make connections to other devices that
can be connected by telephone or wireless. The Internet of Things has a solid core of various empowering
technologies - Wireless Sensor Networks, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Embedded Systems, Security
Protocols and Architecture

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. X
VIVA Institute of Technology PP XX-XX
9thNational Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021(NCRENB-2021)

Web Resources, Internet and Search Engines [5]. With the adoption of IoT in various places such as Industry,
Homes and Cities, the great power seems to make everything smarter and smarter. Even the agricultural sector is
using IoT technology these days and this has led to the creation of the “Agricultural Internet of Things (IoT)”. The
IOT-based IoT system is considered to be an IoT gadget focused on Live Monitoring of Environmental data on
the protection of the farm from animals and theft and other types depending on the sensors connected to it. The
system provides a “Plug & Sense” concept where farmers can directly farm by demonstrating the installation of
the System on the field and accessing Live Data feeds on various devices such as Smart Phones, Tablets etc.

1.2 IMAGE PROCESSING

Image processing is defined as the technical analysis of a picture by exploitation advanced algorithms. Different
operation is performed on image in image processing such as feature extraction, aliasing, image enhancement,
contrast enhancement, etc. In manner to perform such operation firstly an image needs to be given as input to
computer but the computer read the image as matrix of different number where for each color in image have
different value. There are lots of application of image processing in different areas such as Automobile Industry,
Healthcare industry, Defense, etc. The proposed system uses image processing for Agriculture Sector and does
classification of image with the help of TensorFlow library. In TensorFlow to classify image model firstly need
to extract features of images like group of pictures, pointes, pixels of object that need to be classify. The proposed
system does classification between animals and human beings.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

M. Jaya Prabha, R. Ramprabha, [1] In the proposed system mainly use of 3 IOT devices – IR sensor, Ultrasonic
sensor and GSM module. Other than that, there is Microcontroller (Arduino Uno), DC gear engine, voice module,
and so on. At some distance people or any animal roams around the farm, intentionally or unintentionally they
need to hurt the farm then there IR sensor identifies movement around the farm. In the wake of getting an
introductory information signal from IR it will provide for the microcontroller for additional preparation and the
system will enact promptly it will be on the APR board. There is an ultrasonic sensor which is mounted on the DC
engine to turn 360 degrees, so that flying creatures can be identified. They are used to terrify animals by causing
sound to redirect it heading which is coming towards the yield. Microcontroller is used for perusing the
contributions from IR and ultrasonic sensor. GSM module is use for settling on decision to farmer. It alarms the
farmer that a few animals, flying creatures or any individual attempts to go into the farm.

Ramaprasad, S Ram prasad, Rajendra Prasad P., [2] has proposed a system in such way that the crops in the farm
are going to be monitored as well as it is going to be protected from different disasters. Also, Smart Irrigation of
the crops taking place. For this different IOT Technologies has been used. They implemented this smart irrigation
system by using Arduino microcontroller and some IOT sensors such as soil moisture sensor, DHT11 sensor and
IR sensor. Soil humidity sensor is utilized to estimate the measure of water content in the dirt. DHT11 sensor is
utilized to calculate the humidity and temperature of the of the field. IR sensor is utilized to give the gate crasher
alert to the farmer. The data from the different sensors is sent to the Arduino. Arduino imparts the control sign and
orders to the GSM module and Wi-Fi module dependent on the data got from the sensors. GSM module is utilized
to send the SMS to the farmers versatile about the field conditions. Wi-Fi module is utilized to send the continuous
information of the field to the IoT which is a cloud stage.

Anjana M, Charan Kumar A, Monisha R, [3] The proposed system describes about irrigation, monitoring and
protection of crop in greenhouse either manually or automatically in all different seasons. For that different IOT
sensors, motors, and some technologies have been used. In automatic mode IR sensor is used to detect animals
and sends notification to farmer using telegram app using internet services. Sensors are present in the greenhouse
measures the parameters like moisture in the soli, temperature, humidity and presence of rain etc. Sends these
deliberate values to the microcontroller. Microcontroller checks for the limiting conditions. In the event that the
deliberate value arrives at this limit esteem, at that point it takes controlling tasks. To protect the crops during
rainy season the rain sensor will sends the signal to microcontroller about the appearance of rain then the roof top
of the greenhouse will be actuated by the device according to the calculated value of the sensor.

Rashmi R. Agale, D. P. Gaikwad, [4] In proposed scenario there has been use of many components for protecting
the crops from animals, birds and outside attacker. This so many components are at the end are controlled by an
IOT device and Raspberry pi. Irrigation of the crops takes place because of different sensors such as moisture,
humidity, temperature, float. In proposed system, basic sensors and electronic devices are used so that sensor
information is analysed to activate electronic devices. Raspberry pi used as a server to analyse data and send
information to user. The proposed system considers level of water in tank and soil moisture level for automated
irrigation. And for security there is use of buzzer and scare crow which work when PIR sensor detects object. This
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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. X
VIVA Institute of Technology PP XX-XX
9thNational Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021(NCRENB-2021)
system can be implemented in small agricultural land such that it will be beneficial to small farmers.

Laxmi S. Shabadi, Hemavati B. Biradar, [5] In the proposed work, they introduced web based smart cultivating
framework with security. In this work they are thinking about four boundaries in which they are planned to get the
data from field and development to that, planning security system with current structure. The information can be
got from the field through various sorts of sensors and raspberry pi go about as a worker which will settle on
choice and start controllers. Different sensors will detect the current updates about the field and send it to raspberry
pi which will examine the information, which actuators can be started dependent on their individual sensor regards.
If temperature is high more than the limit value, motor of sprinkler begins to gracefully water to the field. At that
point the information taken by the raspberry pi will be sent to the Things Speak in which the information will be
spoken to in graphical description, so farmer can get to it and can get data about varieties happened in the field.

Stefano Giordano, Ilias Seitanidis and Mike Ojo, et. al., [6] proposed a system describing the development of the
Internet of Things application for crop protection to prevent animal intrusions in the crop field. A repelling and a
Surveillence system are provided to prevent potential damages both from wild animal attacks and weather. They
presented an integrative approach in the field of Internet of Things for smart Agriculture based on low power
devices and open source systems. In their future work, they will extend the current functionalities of their system
and investigate the chance of incorporating the features of their system to other sectors.

G. Naveen Balaji, V. Nandhini, S. Mithra, et. al., [7] have designed a method for efficient crop monitoring for
agricultural field. With the application of IOT the data’s can be stored and retrieved from anywhere. The different
sensors used are temperature and humidity sensor and soil moisture sensor. The information collected by the
sensors is sent to the Arduino microcontroller ATmega328 and displayed on an LCD display. A web page is made
and therefore the information collected by the sensors are updated periodically in it through Wi-Fi. A GSM module
is interfaced with the microcontroller through which the message about the farm condition is send to the Farmer
and in this proposed work the sensor part is limited only for monitoring of crops hence in future it can be automated
for irrigation and the system can be enhanced with security of farmland under video surveillance which prevents
it from obtrude intrusion.

Prathibha S R, Anupama Hongal, Jyothi M, et. al., [8] proposed a system where CC3200 is the main block of this
proposed system consisting of microcontroller, network processor and WiFi unit on the same die. It is portable,
low power for battery, secure and fast connection. Environmental conditions variations will affect the general
yield of the crop. Monitoring the condition of the crop field is very much necessary so sensors are used.
Temperature infrared thermopile sensor is used, it has built in digital control and math engine. It senses the
temperature values in real time and a humidity sensor tracks the relative moisture of air within the farming field
Camera module is interfaced with CC3200 camera booster pack via PCB using MT9D111 camera sensor. This is
wont to capture current images of the actual field those images are sent to the farmer through GPRS.

Dr M Suchithra, Asuwini T, Charumathi M C, et. al., [9] the proposed system comprises of sensors that sense the
field parameters and the values are validated and later sent to the WI-FI module and from WI-FI module the
validated data are sent to the farmer’s mobile using cloud services. The farmers are also notified by SMS if the
field needs care. Also an algorithm is developed with threshold values of temperature, humidity, moisture and
fertility that are programmed and controlled by node MCU to manage water quantity. Farmer can automate the
motor from anywhere within the world. The system can further be improved by incorporating new self-learning
techniques which could be deployed in the cloud to understand the behaviour of the sensing data and can take
autonomous decisions. The other problem farmers are facing is the crop destruction by the wild animals. So, the
longer term work includes the planning of the system which will monitor the farm by installing sensors at the
boundary of the farm and camera module which can take a snapshot once the sensor detects the doorway and
transmit the important time pictures by integrating it with other information.

S. Santhiya1, Y. Dhamodharan, N E. Kavi Priya, et. al., [10] a model used to protect the farm from animals using
the Raspberry pi has been proposed. The project uses the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) module
and the GSM (Global System Mobile) modem for this purpose. The forest manager and the farmers will receive
these SMS containing the area where the animals are watching. Already used methods fail, in which case an article
introduces a visual process to expel them, by creating a system that analyses the animal's behaviour, detects the
animal and makes a distinct noise that annoys the animal and warns the authorized person to send a message. The
animal can be infected by the RFID (animal) vaccine, an LF marker that is injected under the animal's skin. After
detection the intimacy is sent. The project is mainly dedicated to the expulsion of animals from the forest through
the three stages of smuggling, annoying noise and smoke through the fog machine. The scope of the future is a
project in which to find the location of animals using RFID injector and GPS.
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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. X
VIVA Institute of Technology PP XX-XX
9thNational Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021(NCRENB-2021)

Amit Nerurkar, Swapnil Sonawane, Rugved Deolekar, et.al., [11] proposed a system with simple idea of
automating the plant irrigation system. In this proposed system, they have mainly focused on improving the
existing plant irrigation system and farmland security. They propose to protect the farm by installing PIR sensors
diagonally in the middle in an attempt to cover the entire radius of the field. Every living being naturally emits a
radiation which can be intercepted using a PIR Sensor. Once an intruder enters the farm, the PIR sensor will sense
a change in the value of infrared radiations and immediately a buzzer would be triggered on. Subsequently, the
lights would be switched on. Hence, the intruder would be alarmed and the farm would be protected. Additionally,
an automatic SMS would be sent to the farmer’s cell phone using a SIM900A GSM module which is attached to
the Arduino Uno. These measures would ensure that the intruder has left the field and the farmer is notified for
the same.

Dugyala Karthik, R. Ramesh Babu, et. al., [12] have proposed a system on smart crop protection with help of
image capture. System is work as there are different type of IoT sensors are connect with raspberry PI model such
as PIR, ultrasonic sensor, etc for detection of motion if any motion is detected then raspberry PI checks for an
presence of animal in image and if found then it will triggered buzzer to alert people and also streams real time
video in browser with help of internet. Components which are used in the system are power supply, raspberry PI,
PIR sensor, buzzer, etc. Application of these system can also be used in offices and homes security, jewellery
shop, bank, etc.

Sweksha Goyal, Unnathi Mundra, Prof. Sahana Shetty, et. al., [13] proposed the system using IoT for farmers.
This system is considered all the three factors i.e. monitoring, irrigation and security. Here different sensors are
placed in the farming field which help to get data from that data water pumps, sprayer, etc are activated when they
are needed. They also used moisture sensor in warehouse where all crops are stored for detection of humanity in
room according to that heater or cooler gets turn on and off not only these the motion detector sensor is also placed
so that if person tries to steal something from warehouse then by motion detection alarm gets triggered to inform
the farmer.

Reshma S, Ramya J, Swathi S, Srinidhi B M, Sindhu R N, et. al., [14] proposed system on Smart Farming using
IoT. The proposed system focuses on intelligent, dynamic and automated irrigation system for the agriculture
crops. The system focus on controlling the irrigation process and preservation of water resources automatically by
Raspberry Pi. soil moisture sensor, Rain water sensor, Temperature sensor and Infrared sensor are used for
irrigation of farm according to that farmer can get better decision about water level farmer can do it manually or
set it to automatic. They also created an android application which is used for monitoring of farms so if someone
tries to enter the farm then with help of IR sensor motion is detected and farmers get notified and buzzers also get
triggered.

M Prabhavathi0, A Kiranmai, et. al., [15] proposed system designs a security system for farm protection which
prohibits the entry of animals into the farm and create an alert system. This is done with the help of motion
detection sensors and for monitoring of the field they use a camera and if sensors detect something then buzzer or
alarm is triggered and SMS is sent to the farmer using GSM or Wi-Fi module. Here, Temperature Sensor LM35,
Moisture sensor are used because It is utilized to detect the dampness in the field and exchange it to microcontroller
keeping in mind the end goal to make controlling move of exchanging water pump ON / OFF. The Table 2.1 is a
summary of a research proposed system on Farm Security Systems and methods. It states the different techniques
and advantages.

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. X
VIVA Institute of Technology PP XX-XX
9thNational Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021(NCRENB-2021)

III. ANALYSIS
The Following table is a summary of various research paper on Farm Security.

TABLE 1: ANALYSIS TABLE

Sr. Paper Name Advantages Limitations

No
01. Smart Crop Protection System offers a warning and divert the There is no use of LED light
System from Animals animal using sound signal without any and Camera for capturing the
[1] harm. flying creatures also can be image of animals and human
detected in the farm using this system. beings.

02. Intelligent Crop Production in an Agriculture sector Any intruder detected by IR

Monitoring and will increase by using this irrigation sensor, but there is no
Protection System in system. Field information can be classification of such intruder
Agricultural fields Using monitored by the farmer through whether its animal, flying
IoT [2] mobile using GSM module. creature or any person.

03. IOT in Agricultural Crop safety from excessive rain There is no use of Ultrasonic
Crop Protection and because there is automatic roof sensor, GSM module, for
Power Generation [3] overlaying facility. Solar power sending field information,
generation and rainwater harvesting as Camera for detection any
technology method is intruder.
implemented
05. Design & Different values are taken by the No image processing
Implementation of IOT raspberry pi and it will be sent to the technique is used in this
based Smart Security Things Speak (cloud) in which the data system. No use of a LED
and Monitoring for will be represented in graphical light for night vision
Connected Smart representation, so that user can access
Farming [5] it and can get information about
variations happened in the field.
06. IoT Solutions for Crop Development of Internet of Things There is no used of camera
Protection against Wild application for crop protection to for live streaming of the farm
Animal Attacks [6] prevent animal intrusions in the crop such that when the animals
field. A repelling and a monitoring approach the farm, the buzzer
system are provided to prevent get triggered to warn the
potential damages in Agriculture, both animals but no used of image
from wild animal attacks and weather capturing system to send the
conditions. live
images.
07. IOT Based Smart Crop Various sensors are used to monitor No security system presents
Monitoring in Farm and collect information about the field to protect the Farm Land
Land [7] conditions. Collectively the about the from animals and theft, no
farm condition is sent to the farmer used of camera. Only
through GSM technology. message is sent about farm
condition related to soil
moisture etc
08. IOT Based Monitoring The feature of this proposed system No use of image
System in Smart includes monitoring temperature and classification algorithm to
Agriculture [8] humidity in agricultural field through classify image capture by the
sensors using CC3200 single chip. camera. No use of PIR
Camera is interfaced with CC3200 to Sensor for motion detection
capture images and send that pictures of animals.
through MMS to farmers mobile
using Wi-Fi.

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ISSN(Online): 2581-7280 Article No. X
VIVA Institute of Technology PP XX-XX
9thNational Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021(NCRENB-2021)
09. Monitoring of The proposed system comprises of No security method presents
Agricultural Crops sensors that sense the field parameters for protection of crop from
Using Cloud and IOT such as temperature, humidity, wild animals and theft. No
with Sensor Data moisture and fertility in the farm. The camera module is used to
Validation [9] sensed values are validated and later take the snapshot of the farm
sent to the WI-FI module and from and send to the farmer.
WI-FI module the validated data are
sent to the farmer’s mobile or laptop
using cloud. The farmers are also
notified by SMS if the field needs a
care.
10. A Smart Farmland The animal can be detected by the No use of camera for Image
Using Raspberry Pi Crop RFID injector (for animals), the LF tag classification algorithm to
Prevention and Animal which inject under the animal skin. classify image and take
Int After the detection the intimation is snapshot of the farm when
rusion Detection System sent and buzzer is triggered. This the animals or theft enter the
[10] project is mainly contributed to farm.
repellent the animals to the forest by
using three stages are intimation,
irritation noise and smoke
by fog machine.

11. Automated Irrigation and Protect the farm by installing PIR No used of camera and
Crop Security System in sensors diagonally in the middle in an mobile application for live
Agriculture using attempt to cover the entire radius of the streaming and image
Internet of Things [11] field. An automatic SMS would be classification
sent to the farmer’s cell phone
when motion is detected in farm.

12. Smart Crop Protection Unlike the other systems here if there In this process only
System with Image is any motion is detected by sensors neighbours will be alerted
Capture Over IoT [12] then it doesn't trigger the buzzer and there is no image capture
directly. Here, first it will check for the of the thief to trace him later.
animal in image, if detected then it
will trigger buzzer.

13. Smart The main advantage of these proposed To give security alerts to
Ag system is, this proposed system takes farmers there is only an alarm
riculture Using IoT [13] care of all major factors of agriculture system. No message is sent to
i.e. monitoring, irrigation and security. farmers via phone in
case farmers are away from
their warehouse.

14. Smart Farming Using The system's purpose in proposed If motion is detected by
IoT [14] system is mainly focused on an sensors then there is no video
irrigation process and preservation of streaming and image
water resources with the help of a classification on application
water-flow mechanism using IoT. for farmers.

15. Smart Security for Detection of rodents can be done with There is no classification of
agriculture using IoT the help of IoT sensors and live image done to notify farmer
[15] streaming of field is done for that someone entered in
monitoring of field. human or animal.

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IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper there is detailed study of several farm protection technique is done. The study consists of few
papers which discuss the techniques of various IOT devices for storing the data, sending the messages, real time
streaming and many more. From this survey we conclude that, there are some limitations in each paper. This
limitation leads to damage of crops in the farm. Through sensors agriculture is connected to IOT which create a
connection between farm field and the farmer. So the damaging to the crops is going to get decreased when
limitation in each paper is get fulfilled. Every limitations of the paper can be overcome b introducing image
processing techniques with IOT to easily identify thief and alert the farmers.

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