General Physics 1

Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Scalar and Vector Quantities
General Physics 1 – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Scalar and Vector Quantities
First Edition, 2020

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 General Physics 1
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Scalar and Vector Quantities
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Physics – Grade 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Scalars and Vectors!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or

facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum

while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also

aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into

consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to

manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist

the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the General Physics – Grade 12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Scalars and Vectors!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful

opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You

will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active

learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know
competencies you are expected to learn in the

module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

What I Know
check what you already know about the

lesson to take. If you get all the answers

correct (100%), you may decide to skip this

module.

What You Need to

This section provides a brief discussion of the
Know
lesson. This aims to help you discover and

understand new concepts and skills.

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill

into real life situations or concerns.

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 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the learning

competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given

Additional Activities
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the

lesson learned. This also tends retention of

learned concepts.

References
This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the

module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities

included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not

hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are

not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and

gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and intended to aid you in your learning and
understanding to differentiate scalar and vector quantities. Work independently and
honestly to help you enhance your skills.

At the end of this module, learners are expected to:

1. Understand the concepts of scalar and vector quantities as they relate to

distance/displacement, mass and weight and speed/velocity.

2. Differentiate and classify scalar quantities and vector quantities (STEM_GP12V-

Ia-8)

3. Create a T chart that illustrates and provides real life examples of the lesson

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 What I Know

To test your knowledge and understanding of the distinction of scalar and vector
quantities, consider the following quantities listed below. Categorize each quantity
as being either a vector or a scalar.

QUANTITY CATEGORY

1. Temperature

2. Mass

3. Direction

4. Length

5. Force

6. Displacement

7. Speed

8. Velocity

9. Density

10. Momentum

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 Lesson

1 Scalar vs. Vector Quantities

Physics is a mathematical science that has underlying mathematical basis.

Throughout the course of our study we will be dealing with various mathematical

quantities. Multiple quantities are easy to specify such as measurements of mass

length, time, volume, density and temperature. These measurements can all be

expressed in simple numbers together with applicable units of measurement.

However, some quantities are more complicated to deal with. For example, physical

objects have mass. Things have weight due to gravity. We exert force when we push

or pull doors. Moreover, if you want to travel from one point to another, you will not

only know the distance that leads one point to another but also the direction. The

distance travelled by an object in a specific direction is called displacement and it is

more complicated than distance. Distance on the other hand is the length between

the path travelled from one location to another. Displacement is a simple example of

physical quantities collectively known as vector quantities.

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 What You Need to Know
Scalars and vectors

What is the difference between a scalar and a vector?

Scalar quantities are quantities with magnitude (numerical value) with

appropriate units of measurement only while vector quantities are quantities that

have both magnitude and direction.

Note: the magnitude referred to here is always a non-negative

For example, if a person buys a flour labelled 500g. The mass is a scalar

quantity because it does not need direction to describe it. Weight on the other hand

is an example of a vector quantity since weight is always directed to the center of the

gravity.

Different numerical values of a given scalar quantity may be easily added,

subtracted, multiplied or divided. In fact, all the elementary operations of arithmetic

apply to values of a given scalar quantity just as they do to ordinary numbers.

Displacements and weight are just examples of a large class of physical

quantities known as vector quantities. Clearly they are much more complicated than

that of scalar quantities since it requires not just magnitudes but also direction.

Aside from displacement and weight, other important vector quantities include

velocity, acceleration, and force.

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Vector Quantities

The direction of a vector in one-dimensional motion is given simply by a plus

(+) or minus (-) sign. Vectors are represented graphically by arrows. An arrow used

to represent a vector used to represent a vector has a length proportional to the

vector’s magnitude (e.g. the larger the magnitude, the longer the length of the vector)

and points in the same direction as the vector.

For us to describe the direction of a vector quantity, you must set a

coordinate system within the reference time.

For one-dimensional motion, this is a simple coordinate system consisting

of one-dimensional coordinate line.

Generally, when writing a horizontal motion, motion to the right is usually

positive and motion to the left is negative. With vertical motion, motion up is

usually positive and motion down is usually negative

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 The figure on the right shows the

relative locations of point A, point B and point

C. if you were to ask to describe the location

of point A relative to point B what would you

say?

To describe the full description of the location

you have to give the distance and the

direction.

Questions: (Figure 1)
What is the displacement from
__________________________1. point A to Point B?
__________________________2. point B to point C?
Figure 1
__________________________3. point C to point A

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 What I Can Do
Part 1

Classify the following as vectors or scalars.

Force Length Weight Voltage Momentum Thrust

Drag Area Displacement Temperature Movement Pressure

Acceleration Time Lift Energy Velocity Speed

Mass Power

Vector Scalar

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 What I Can Do
Part 2

Identify the following if scalar or vector

__________1) The football player was running 10 km an hour towards the end zone.

__________2) The volume of that box at the west side of the building is 14 cubic feet.

__________3) The temperature of the room was 15 degrees Celsius.

__________4) The car accelerated north at a rate of 4 meters per second squared.

__________5) The weight of the box is 50 N.

__________6) A fixed-wing aircraft generates forward thrust.

__________7) The speed of the car is 100 km/hr.

__________8) It took him 30 minutes to walk from the house to the school.

__________9) A 747 aircraft has four engines, each of which can produce a thrust
force of up to 250 kN. It takes around 30 s for the aircraft to get up to take-off speed.

__________10) When two surfaces are in contact (e.g. a box and a table) they exert a
normal force on each other, perpendicular to the contacting surfaces.

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 Assessment

Questions on this quiz are based from the above information

1) What is a scalar?
a. A quantity described by direction only
b. A quantity described by magnitude only
c. A quantity described by both a magnitude and a direction
d. A quantity with a magnitude of one
2) What is a vector?
a. A quantity described by direction only
b. A quantity described by magnitude only
c. A quantity described by both a magnitude and a direction
d. A quantity with a magnitude of one
3) Which of the following measurements is a scalar measurement?
a. Speed
b. Velocity
c. Force
d. Acceleration
4) Which of the following measurements is a vector measurement?
a. Volume
b. Mass
c. Speed
d. Velocity
5. Identify the row that contains two scalars and one vector quantity.
a. distance acceleration velocity
b. speed mass acceleration
c. distance weight force
d. speed weight acceleration

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6. Which of the following quantities can be described fully by its magnitude?
a. force
b displacement
c energy
d. velocity
7. Identify which row in the table contains only one vector.
a. acceleration displacement force
b. distance velocity energy
c. acceleration speed force
d. force energy distance
For numbers 8-10, refer to the below diagram and answer the questions

What is the displacement from

8. point Y to point X
9. point Y to point Z
10. point Z to point X

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11. Which of the following is a physical quantity that has a magnitude but no
direction?
a. Vector
b. Frame of reference
c. Resultant
d. Scalar

12. Identify the following quantities as scalar or vector: the mass of an object, the
number of leaves on a tree, wind velocity.
a. Vector, scalar, scalar
b. Vector, scalar, vector
c. Scalar, scalar, vector
d. Scalar, vector, vector

13. Which of the following is an example of a vector quantity?

a. Temperature
b. Velocity
c. Volume
d. Mass

14. Which of the following is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and
direction?
a. Vector
b. Scalar
c. Frame of reference
d. Resultant

15. Identify the following quantities as scalar or vector: the speed of a snail, the
time it takes to run a mile, the free-fall acceleration.
a. Vector, scalar, scalar
b. Scalar, scalar, vector
c. Vector, scalar, vector
d. Scalar, vector, vector

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16. Which is not true about a vector's magnitude?

a. Trigonometry is necessary to compute it from component vectors.

b. It is a scalar quantity.

c. It cannot be greater than the sum of the magnitudes of its component

vectors.

d. It cannot be negative.

17. Which of the following dimensions belongs in the set {force, velocity,
acceleration, magnetic field}?

a. Mass

b. Speed

c. Displacement

d. Temperature

18. Which one of the following represents a scalar quantity?

a. The change in momentum of a rubber ball bouncing off the floor.

b. The velocity of an airplane flying at 300 km.h-1 on a bearing 0400.

c. The speed of a car travelling at 100 km.h-1.

d. The acceleration of an object thrown vertically upwards and which has

reached the highest point of its motion.

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19The wind is blowing towards east. The pilot of an airplane wishes to fly due North.
In which direction should he aim the airplane?

a. A b. B c. C d. D

20. Leslie walks 20m north, 35m east, 10m north, and tan 6m west before stopping.
What is her displacement from her original location?
a. 53.4m at 42.3∘
b. 33.73m at 49.3∘
c. 21.73m at 46.3∘
d. 41.73m at 44.03∘

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 Additional Activities
Create a T-chart that illustrates and identifies examples of vector and scalar
quantities. Think of three examples of each and write them in the boxes underneath
each cell. Use a combinations of scenes, characters, and props to create a
visualization to represent each example.

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 Rubrics

CATEGORY Proficient Emerging Beginner

(10 points) (6 points) (5 points)

Sorting of the Nearly all the items Most of the items Some of the cells
Terms are correctly are correctly are correctly
arranged and arranged and arranged and
sorted into the cell. sorted into the cell. sorted into the cell.

Visuals There are ranges of There are some of There are few of
visualizations to visualizations to visualizations to
illustrate the terms illustrate the terms illustrate the terms
in each category. in each category. in each category.

Effort Work is well Work shows some Work shows little

written, neat and evidence of effort. evidence of any
carefully thought effort.
out.

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 Key To ANSWER

What I know

1. Scalar 6. Vector

2. Scalar 7. Scalar

3. Vector 8. Vector

4. Scalar 9. Scalar

5. Vector 10. Vector

Questions on figure 1

1. 128 km 45° North East

2. -486 km South What I can Do

3. 363 km 24° South West (Classify) (Part 1)

Vector Scalar
Force Length
Drag Area
Acceleration Time
Weight Voltage
Displacement Temperature
What I can Do Lift Energy
Movement Mass
(Identify) (Part 2) Velocity Pressure
Thrust Speed
1. Scalar 6. Vector
Momentum Power
2. Vector 7. Scalar

3. Scalar 8. Scalar

4. Vector 9. Vector

5. Vector 10. Vector

Assessment

1. B 6. C 11. D 16. A

2. C 7. D 12. C 17. C

3. A 8. 588 km due North 13. C 18. C

4. D 9. 465 km 21° due South West 14. A 19. B

5. B 10. 230 km 48° due North East 15. B 20. D

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References
Gadong Early Sol A., Belleza, Raphael V. (2015). General Physics 1 (Philippine
Edition). Vibal Publishing

DepEd (2016). K to 12 Curriculum Guide. Physical Education

Net Force and Vector Addition retrieved from

https://www.siyavula.com/read/science/grade-10/vectors-and-scalars/20-
vectors-and-scalars-01

Differentiating Scalars and Vectors from

https://www.ducksters.com/science/physics/scalars_and_vectors.php#:~:text=
A%20vector%20quantity%20has%20a,as%20well%20as%20a%20magnitude.

Differentiating Scalars and Vectors from

https://www.varsitytutors.com/high_school_physics-help/understanding-scalar-
and-vector-quantities

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