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Systems and Network Administration: INSY3072

The document provides an overview of systems concepts and information systems. It defines a system as a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals. The key characteristics of a system include that it exists within an environment, can be composed of subsystems, and has boundaries, interfaces, and processes that convert inputs to outputs. An information system is defined as a set of components that collect, manipulate, store and disseminate data to meet objectives. The roles and responsibilities of an organizational information systems/IT department are discussed as planning, developing, maintaining and protecting the technology infrastructure and information systems that support the organization.

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397 views27 pages

Systems and Network Administration: INSY3072

The document provides an overview of systems concepts and information systems. It defines a system as a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals. The key characteristics of a system include that it exists within an environment, can be composed of subsystems, and has boundaries, interfaces, and processes that convert inputs to outputs. An information system is defined as a set of components that collect, manipulate, store and disseminate data to meet objectives. The roles and responsibilities of an organizational information systems/IT department are discussed as planning, developing, maintaining and protecting the technology infrastructure and information systems that support the organization.

Uploaded by

Bereket
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SYSTEMS AND NETWORK ADMINISTRATION

INSY3072

Instructor: Tsegaye B.
Chapter One

SYSTEMS CONCEPTS
System theory

System
• A set of elements or components that interact to
accomplish goals
• A combination of components working together
• A system is an orderly grouping of
interdependent components linked together
according to a plan to achieve a specific
objective.

3
System theory

• a system is a set of interrelated elements, with


inputs and outputs, and with a set of processes
which convert inputs into outputs.

• A system is defined as a set of objects together with


relationship between the objects and between their
attributes related to each other and to their
environment so as to form a whole.
Components of a system

Control

5
System theory

• A system is an entity which maintains its existence


through the mutual interaction of its parts. The key
emphasis here is one of "mutual interaction," in that
something is occurring between the parts, over time,
which maintains the system. A system is different than
a heap or a collection.
• System is a collection of parts that interact with one
another to function as a whole. However, a system is
more than the sum of its parts – it is the product of
their interactions.
Characteristics of a System

• Environment: A system does not exist in a vacuum, it


exists and functions in an environment containing other
systems
• Subsystem: A system that is a component of a larger system
• Boundary: A system separated from its environment
• Interface: Several systems may share the same environment
• Open System:Interacts with other systems
• Closed System: Does not interact
• Adaptive System: Modify themselves to meet the demands
of a changing environment

7
Systems thinking

• Systems thinking is a mind set or way of viewing the


world as a system.
• It helps to see the big picture; it also helps to break
problems down to their components to avoid
complexity.

• “A system is bigger than the sum of its components”


Information System
Information System

• An information system (IS) is a set of interrelated


components that collect, manipulate, store, and
disseminate data and information and provide a
feedback mechanism to meet an objective
• Examples: ATMs; airline reservation systems; course
enrollment systems

10
Information System

• Information system is an arrangement of people,


data, processes, communication, and information
technology that interact to capture, transmit,
store, retrieve, manipulate and/or display
information needed to support and improve day-
to-day operations in a business as well as support
the problem solving and decision making needs of
management and other users.
Computer-based Information System (CBIS)

• Computer-based information system (CBIS) uses computer


technology to perform input, processing & output activities
• CBIS consists of:
– Hardware
– Software
– Databases
– Telecommunications & networks
– People
– Procedures that are configured to collect and process data into
information

12
Types of Information Systems

• Based on the part of the business that they support


(Business types)
• Sales, Manufacturing, Finance, etc.
–HRMS Human Resource Management System
–BS Billing System
–FMS Finance Management System
–MMS Materials Management System
–PMS Project Management System
–AMS Audit Management System
–FMS Fleet Management System
Types of Information Systems

• Transaction Processing Systems


• Management Information Systems
• Decision Support Systems
• Executive Information Systems -- Expert Systems
• Office Automation Systems
• Knowledge Work Systems
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems
• Geographical Information Systems
• E-commerce Systems
• Multi-media Systems
– differences in:
• users
• size, scope
• complexity, certainty, familiarity
Organizational Information System
• In an organization of any size, there is an
organization function responsible for the
technology, activities and personnel to
support its technology-enabled work systems
and the information and communication
needs of the organization.
Information System

• Information systems and the organizations


they support are complex, artificial, and
purposefully designed.
• They are composed of people, structures,
technologies, and work systems
• In organizations, the term Information System
(IS) refers to both:

–the systems that deliver information and


communication services to an organization

–the organization function that plans, develops,


operates, and manages the information systems
Information systems management
Information systems management

• The management of the systems, activities, and data


that allow information to be effectively acquired,
stored, processed, accessed, communicated and
archived.
• Information System Management includes the
manipulation, , re-organization, analysis, graphing ,
charting and presentation of data for specific
management and decision-making purpose
IS/IT Department

• Why do you need to know about IS/IT


department?
• What are the responsibilities of the IS/IT
department?
• How is the IS/IT department organized?
• What IS/IT related jobs exist?
• What are your responsibilities?
Why do you need to know about IS/IT department?

• Need to know the duties and


responsibilities of the IT department is to
be an effective user of IT resources
• To be a better informed and more
effective manager/executive
What are the responsibilities of the IS/IT dept?

There are 4 major responsibilities


– Plan for information systems and IT
infrastructure
– Develop and adapt information systems and
IT infrastructure
– Maintain and operate IS and IT infrastructure
– Protect infrastructure and data
Plan for information systems and IT infrastructure

• Position its activities to further advance the


competitive strategy and improve decision
making
• Test new technologies and adapt infrastructure
to meet business goals
• Agile enterprise: quickly and effectively modify IT and
IS activities to ever changing business and market
conditions
Develop and adapt information systems and IT
infrastructure

• IT infrastructure such as computers,


networks, servers, etc. must be deployed
and applied to advancing the business
strategy
• Software and systems such as email and
VPN access must also be created and
applied
Maintain IS and operate and maintain IT
infrastructure

• Systems not only setup, but they must be


maintained, adjusted, and repaired
• Maintaining network connectivity is a
crucial element of IT department’s
responsibilities since loss of connectivity
can have far reaching consequences
Protect infrastructure and data

• Major threats come from human error,


malicious human activity, and natural events
and disasters
• IT departments need to understand the risks
and specify safeguards against them
• Work with management to assess cost-benefit
of implementing potentially costly safeguards

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