Learner’s Activity Sheet

Assessment Checklist

GENERAL CHEMISTRY
First Semester – Week 1

Matter and Its Properties

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Learner

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Section

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Teacher

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Parent or Guardian

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School

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Date of Retrieval 11
 TEACHER’S REFERENCE GUIDE
Grade Level: GRADE-11 Learning Area: GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
Duration: 5 DAYS Quarter: 1ST SEMESTER/ WEEK 1

I. OBJECTIVES To be able to:

1. Use properties of matter to identify
substances and to separate them.
2. Recognize the formulas of common
chemical substances.
3. Compare consumer products on the basis
of their components for use, safety, quality
and cost.
4. Describe various simple separation
techniques.
A. Content Standard The learners demonstrate understanding of the
properties of matter and its various forms .

B. Performance The learner should be able to design using a

Standard multimedia, demonstrations, or models, a
representation or simulation of any of the
following:
a. Atomic structure
b. Gas behavior
c. Mass relationships
d. Reactions
C. MELC 1. Use properties of matter to identify
substances and to separate them.
2. Recognize the formulas of common chemical
substances.
3. Compare consumer products on the basis of
their components for use, safety, quality and
cost.
4. Describe various simple separation
techniques.
II. SUBJECT MATTER Matter and Its Properties
a. References Rodil, Mary Sheenalyn P. 2017. Conceptual
Science and Beyond: General Chemistry 1 for
SHs Brilliant Creations Publishing Inc. ISBN
978-621-6006-56-0; Cervantes, Charry Vida R.
et al. 2016. General Chemistry 1 for Senior High
School. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
ISBN 978-621-8035-06-5, Mendoza & Religioso.
Chemistry. Phoenix Publishing Company.
b. Materials As sztated in the Learners Activity Sheet
 c. Integration Can be integrated in English, MAPEH
III. PROCEDURE
ACTIVITY Provide instructions on the learning activities to
(Do) be done.
ANALYSIS Provide guide questions that can facilitate deeper
(Think) learning and analysis.
Recall matter and its states through an activity.
Introduce the classification of matter and ways to
separate it including its definition and
ABSTRACTION description;
(Learn) give common chemical formulas for recognition.
Encourage the student to design their own
experiment.

Provide guide questions that will help the

learners to use properties of matter to identify
substances during simple separating techniques.
APPLICATION
Make the student recognize formula of common
(Apply)
chemical substances.
Give opportunity for student to compare
consumer products.
Allow your learner to make a research and design
a molecular model out of any material they can
use at home
IV.SELF ASSESSMENT Ask the learners about the learning activity
categorized into:
What I did?
- Provide guide questions that will help the
student share his experience while doing
the learning activities.
What I learned?
Ask the student to do a research and at the
same time to make a molecular model of
the subject which is water.
What I earned?
- Provide a rating scale that can help the
learner assess or rate his performance in
doing the learning activities.
*BEAM Learning Guides
*Pivot 4a IDEA Lesson Exemplar
 LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET
Dear Learner,

Good Day!
Welcome to our General Chemistry 1 subject. For this week, you will study Matter and Its
Properties. Please carefully understand and follow the instructions provided. If you
encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this activity sheet, do not hesitate to ask
for support from your parents or anyone whom you think can help you do the activities. You
can ask via SMS or call ________ , messenger _________ or e-mail at ___________.
Always bear in mind that YOU ARE NOT ALONE. Most importantly, be free and creative
in doing the activities. I hope you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. You can do
it! Stay safe! Stay learning! God Bless.

Sincerely,
Your Teacher

Matter and Its Properties

Let’s Start…
Around you and me are different forms of matter. You can think of it as the
most common ingredients of the Earth. Matter includes things we can see and
touch (such as water, soil, and trees). Your understanding of what matter is
all about will help you like chemistry even more. Remember, chemistry is the
study of matter and the changes it undergoes.

Activity 1: Knowing Matter

Direction: Follow the given procedure for this activity.

Procedure:
1. Get a pen. Trace it on a piece of paper.
Does it occupy space?

2. Place the pencil in your palm. Feel it.

Is it light or heavy?

3. Do these to four other materials available in your home.

4. Enter your observation in your Activity Notebook.

From your answers in Activity 1, we can now define matter as anything

that occupies space and has mass. It includes all that can and cannot be
seen, like air. It also includes all than can be touched like water. Thus,
everything we see, use and touch are forms of matter.

The next activity will let you identify matter.

 Matter or Not Matter

Identify the following if each is matter or not. Write M if it is matter

and X if it is not.
Sound of a police siren
Airplane
Books on a shelf
Heat from a fire
Block of ice
Light from a torch
Pair of shoes
Information from the internet
Bouquet of flowers
Dozen of donuts

Now you can identify matter already. Let’s move now to another activity

States of Matter

1. Get a clean dry glass jar with a cover. Fill it up with ice cold water.
2. Cover the jar tightly. Wipe its outside surface dry with a clean rag.
3. Place in a quiet corner where it will not be disturbed.
4. After a few minutes, observe the outside surface of the glass jar.
What do you observe? Explain.

What does your observation prove about matter?

Recall: all substances, at least in principle, can exist in three states:

solid, liquid and gas.
➢ Solid has definite shape and volume and its particles are very
close to each other.
➢ Liquid has no definite shape, it takes the shape of the
container.it has a definite volume and particles are neither too
close not too far from each other.
 ➢ Gas has no definite shape and volume. Its particles are far apart
from each other.

Wow, you are doing well Quick Thinkers. How are we going then to classify
matter? Let’s do another activity for this.

Tell me Who I am

Classify the following materials as substance or mixture. If it is a mixture,

tell whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Rubbing alcohol
Orange juice with pulp
White paint
Dry ice
Cough syrups

Wow, you’ve made it. Let’s take a closer look on classification of matter.

CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
A. Pure Substances
A pure substance is a matter that has definite composition and distinct
properties. It can be either an element or a compound.

1. Element
An element is the simplest form of matter since it is composed of
only one kind of atom, the smallest particle of an element. It is a
pure substance that cannot be decomposed into a simpler substance
by ordinary chemical means. Examples are the elements on the
periodic table.

.
The periodic table The periodic table shows 118 elements, including metals
(blue), nonmetals (red), and metalloids (green).

Elements are further classified as metals, non-metals and metalloids.

The metals lie. on the left side of the periodic table. The non-metals on
the right side of the periodic table. The metalloids lie between the
regions of the metals and the non-metals

2. Compound
Elements react with each other to form a compound, a pure substance
containing two or more kinds of atom chemically combined in a definite
proportion by mass. Unlike elements, compounds can be separated into
simpler substances, but only through chemical means. They
represented with symbols known as CHEMICAL FORMULA. A chemical
formula shows the elemental parts or components of a compound.

Chemical Formula Chemical Name Common Name

H₂O Dihydrogen oxide water
CO₂ Carbon dioxide Dry ice in solid form
CH4 methane Marsh gas
CaCO3 Calcium carbonate Chalk
C12H22O11 Sucrose Table Sugar
SiO2 Silicon oxide Sand
NaCl Sodium chloride Table salt

Compounds can also be classified into acids, bases and salts. Acids are
substances which ionize in water to produce hydrogen ion (H+). Bases
are substances which ionize to produce hydroxide ions in water. Salts
are crystalline compounds formed by the reaction of an acid and base.
These compounds are often found in the kitchen. In cooking, you use
vinegar (acid), baking powder (base) and salt.. Bagoong, soy sauce,
baling and ginamos contain salts.
 As part of your personal hygiene you are using compounds containing
bases like, shampoo, lotion and toothpaste.

B. Mixtures
Mixtures are composed of two or more substances combined
physically in variable proportions. It can be a combination of two
elements and of two compounds.in the formation of mixture,
components retain their properties and can be separated by physical
means.
Mixture can be either classified as homogeneous and heterogeneous.

1. Homogeneous mixture
A homogeneous mixture, also called a solution
, is relatively uniform in composition; every portion of the mixture
is like every other portion. A solution is composed of a solute or the
dissolved substance, and a solvent or the dissolving medium. (ex.
Sugar and water solution; sugar is the solute dissolved in a solvent,
which is water.)

Solutions are well-mixed and behave like a single substance. The

solute particles dissolved in a solution are too small to be seen by
the naked eye. They are also stable, since they do not settle down
on standing.

2. Heterogeneous mixture
A mixture whose composition varies from one position to another
within the sample is considered as heterogeneous. It can either be
a suspension or a colloid.
a. Suspensions consists of coarse particles which are visible to
the naked eye. Its particles are unstable since they settle down
after a short period of time.
b. Colloids consists of a dispersed phase or the substance that is
dissolved or scattered and a dispersing medium or the
substance in which the dispersed phase is spread. The size of
 the dispersed phase in a colloid is intermediate. In between the
sizes of particles of a suspensions and a solution.

Colloids exhibit the Tyndall effect, which is the ability to scatter

a beam of light that passes through it. This property is only
exclusive among colloids, and is not observed in solutions and
suspensions. The particles of a colloid settle down slowly at the
bottom of the mixture.

Let’s try the next activity….

Identify whether the following is an element, a compound, or a mixture.

It is a mixture further classify it as homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture.
If it is a compound write its chemical formula.
Brass
Gypsum
Sulfur
Soap suds
Soda
Calcium carbonate
Rubbing alcohol
Fruit jams
Sugar
Smoke

Guide Question:

What is the difference between an element, compound and mixture?

You are doing good Quick Thinker, this time let us study on how to separate
mixtures.
 Break up
Procedure:
1. Go to your kitchen and get a tablespoon of salt. Put it on a small
container.
2. From your backyard get a tablespoon of sand and combine it with table
salt.
3. Use one (1) cup of water as a dissolving agent. Let the mixture stay for
half day in a container. Observe
4. Record your observations.

What material was left behind after being dissolved in water?

What happen to the other material?

Now let’s find out how chemist separate mixture…

Chemists separate mixtures by using different methods, namely; filtration,

decantation, evaporation, distillation, magnetic separation, melting,
sublimation, centrifugation, and chromatography.

Methods of Separating Mixtures

Filtration is a process of separating the components of a suspension. The

substance that remains in the filter paper or strainer is called residue,
whereas the liquid that passes through the filter paper or strainer is called
filtrate.
Try this: separate sand and water solution using a strainer.
➢ What substance remains in the strainer? ____________________________
➢ What substance passes through the strainer? ________________________
Decantation and Centrifugation
In decantation, the solid particles are allowed to settle first at the
bottom and later, the liquid which is called supernatant is poured into
another container leaving behind the solid particle.
In centrifugation, the mixture is poured into a special tube in the
centrifuge apparatus, and is allowed to spin using centrifugal force. The
spinning motion forces the sediments to settle at the bottom. The liquid can
then be poured off from the solid particles.

Try this: separate rice and water mixture.

➢ What material settles at the bottom?________________________________
Magnetic Separation
Magnetic separation is a process of separating elemental metals from other
particles in a mixture. This process makes use of a magnet which exerts
magnetic force to attract metallic particles and sets them apart from certain
mixture.
Try this: separate the following mixture: silver or gold earrings , strips
of papers, sand, rice.
➢ What material is an elemental metal?
__________________________________

Evaporation, Melting, and Sublimation

These are separation methods that involve phase changes. Melting is a
process that can be used in extricating mixtures that contain two substances
with different melting points.
Evaporation, is the process of converting liquid to gas, is useful in sorting
mixtures such as salt solution.
Sublimation is a process of changing solid gas without passing through the
liquid state.

Distillation
Distillation is a process of separating a homogeneous mixture composed of
two substances with different boiling points. It is a method that generally uses
two phase changes: evaporation and condensation at different temperatures,
the two liquids are collected one at a time. This technique is used in extracting
ethanol from a wine sample.

Distillation setup

Chromatography
Chromatography is another method of separating complex mixtures. It has
various methods that can be used in separating mixtures such as paper
chromatography, which makes use of an adsorbent (filter paper or
chromatogram paper). The separation depends upon the solubility of each
component in the solvent.
I know you have so many in mind now Quick Thinkers, walk around
your house and look for mixtures that can be separated through the
mentioned techniques…

My Experiment

1. Design your experiment using mixtures that can be found in your

home. Make sure that you do this with the utmost care to avoid an
accident.
2. Follow this format
Title of the experiment
Objective
Materials
Procedure
Observations

Good job, Quick Thinkers; you’re a potential chemist already. Let’s

proceed to the next topic…

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Properties of matter generally pertain to the characteristics of a certain
substance that sets it apart from other substances. It can be categorized into
two groups – the physical properties and the chemical properties.
A. Physical Property
The physical properties of matter can be measured and observed
without changing the composition of the substance. It is further divided
into two classifications, namely the intensive property and the extensive
property.

1. Intensive Physical Property

 The intensive physical property, also called the intrinsic property,
does not depend on the size or amount of the sample. Rather they
are dependent on the KIND or QUALITY of matter. For example , a
100 mL water and a 10 mL .have the same boiling point (100⁰C),
freezing point (0⁰C), and density (1g/mL at 4⁰).

Color ,melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, conductivity,

malleability, luster, and viscosity are considered as intensive properties
of matter.
2. Extensive Physical Property
The extensive physical property or the extrinsic property is those
that can be affected by the size and amount of samples.

Examples are mass, volume, length, shape of the substance.

B. Chemical Property
The chemical property of matter is the ability of a substance to react
with other substances such as air, water, acid, and base.
Table: The Chemical Properties of Matter

Chemical property Description Example

Combustibility Whether the Wood splint
substance undergoes undergoes
combustion or not combustion in the
presence of oxygen
gas
Stability Whether the Calcium carbonate
substance can be when heated
easily decomposed or decomposes to
not calcium oxide and
evolves to CO2
Reactivity Whether it reacts Zinc metal reacts
with acids, bases, with acid to form
and oxygen gas or not bubble of gas
Relative activity Whether the material Lithium is more
is more active or less active than
active than other potassium
members of its
chemical family
Ionization Whether it will break Sodium chloride
into charged particles (NaCl) that enters in
when in solution with solution ends up as
 water or not Na + and Cl – ions.
Toxicity Whether a substance Allium genus
can damage an contains
organism or not thiosulphate, which
is high doses is toxic
to dogs and cats.

Now you know Quick Thinkers! Let’s have another activity now

HOW?

1. How can you distinguish between pure water and vinegar by their
boiling characteristics?

The next activity can be done even without going to the

supermarket. It is just a click away.

Online shopping

1. Select five different brands of two (2) consumer products (ex. Shampoo,
soap, face powder, lotion, etc.)
2. State the specific use of each product. Compare their known safety and
quality based on your experience.
3. Compare also their cost.
4. Choose your brand and explain why?

Bravo!!! You are almost done, and you are doing well. You see, it's fun
studying General Chemistry 1. This time kindly tell me further about your
experiences while doing the learning activities.
1. How was the learning activities? Can you share it with me in a few
lines?
2. Make a research on the process of typical water purification in your
community. Identify the processes through a diagram and make a
molecular model of water using any medium.

3. On a scale of 1 to 10, how would you rate your learnings?