M-Tech Project Synopsis

Title:

Speed control of induction motor Drives using Multi-Level cascaded

H Bridge Voltage source inverters

Team:

1. Name : Jakka Venkat Nag Someswar Rao

(M-tech 2nd year, NIT Calicut)
2. Internal Guide : Mr. Kumaravel
(Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Elect. Engg. NIT Calicut)
3. External Guide : Dr. Simi valsan
(Deputy Manager, CG Global R&D, Mumbai)
Objective:
To Develop Multi-Level cascaded H Bridge voltage source inverter for speed
control of inductions motor Drives.
About project

Majority of industrial drives use electric motors, since they are controllable
and readily available. In practice, most of these drives are based on ac induction
motor because these motors are rugged, reliable, and relatively inexpensive. The
control and estimation of induction motor drives is a vast subject, and technology
has further advanced in recent years .induction motor with cage-type machines
have been work horses in industry for variable speed applications in a wide power
applications range that covers few fractional watts to multi-megawatts .

The control of ac drives in general is considerably more complex than those

of dc drives, and this complexity increases sustainability if high performances are
demanded. The main reasons for complexity are the need of variable-frequency
and complex dynamics of ac machines.
The speed control methods of induction motor can be classified into a) Scalar
control, b) Vector control and c) DTC. In Scalar control method only magnitude of
controlling part is considered. Open loop v/f controlled and closed loop v/f
controlled methods comes under scalar control .in vector control method both the
magnitude as well as phase quantities of controlling parameters are considered and
field flux oriented control of induction motor comes under this category and DTC
is the advanced scalar control method .

1. Scalar control
The name scalar control indicates the magnitude variation of control
variables only. The control of an induction motor requires a variable voltage
variable frequency power source. With advent of the voltage source inverter (VSI),
constant voltage/hertz (V/f) control has become the simplest, cheapest and hence
one of the popular methods for speed control of induction motor.2 This aims at
maintaining the same terminal voltage to frequency ratio so as to give nearly
constant flux over wide range of speed variation. Since flux is kept constant the
full load torque capability are maintained constant under steady state condition
except low speed(when an additional voltage boost is needed to compensate for
stator winding voltage drop ).In this control scheme, the performance of machine
improves in the steady state only, but the transient responses poor. More over
Constant Voltage/hertz control keeps the stator flux linkage constant in steady state
without maintaining decoupling between the flux and torque. So due to inherent
coupling effect the dynamic response of the drive is poor. To avoid open loop
speed fluctuation due to variation in load torque and supply voltage, a closed loop
V/f speed control scheme with slip regulation is normally used for stable operation
of the drive under steady state.
Scalar control drives were widely used in industry, because it is simple to
implement. But inherently there exists a coupling effect between both flux and
torque (both are function of voltage or current and frequency), which gives
sluggish response and the system becomes prone to instability. The importance of
scalar control drives has diminished now a day because of the superior
performance of the vector controlled drives.

2. Vector control

stator current is separated into two orthogonal components one in the direction
of Flux linkage, representing magnetizing current or flux component of current and
other Perpendicular to the flux linkage, representing the torque component of
current. By varying both components independently, the induction motor can be
treated as a separately Excited DC motor. This concept was invented in the
beginning of 1970s. The implementation of vector control requires information
regarding the magnitude and position of the flux vector. Depending upon the
method of acquisition of flux information, the vector control or field oriented
control method can be termed as: direct or indirect. In the direct method the
position of the flux to which orientation is desired is strictly measured with the
help of sensors, or estimated from the machine terminal variables such as speed
and stator current/voltage signals. The measured or estimated flux is used in the
feedback loop, thus the machine parameters have minimal effect on the overall
drive performance. But the measurement of flux using flux sensors necessitates
special manufacturing process or modifications in the existing machines. Also
direct field orientation method have its inherent problem at low speed where the
voltage drops due to resistances are dominant, and pure integration is difficult to
achieve.

The indirect vector control was originally proposed in, eliminates the direct
measurement or computation of rotor flux from the machine terminal variables, but
controls its instantaneous flux position by summing the rotor position signal with a
commanded slip position signal (also known as slip frequency control or feed
forward control scheme). The direction of rotor position needs accurate rotor speed
information and the commanded slip position is calculated from the model of the
induction motor, that again involves machine parameters which may vary with
temperature, frequency and magnetic saturation. To get ideal decoupling, the
controller should track the machine parameters and for this various adaptation
methods have been proposed. However it has been reported that the controller
performance is adequate within normal operating temperatures for most of the high
performance applications, and the parameter adaptations methods may be essential
only in the case of critical applications. In contrast to direct method the indirect
method controls the flux in an open loop manner.

Field orientation scheme can be implemented with reference to any of the

three flux vectors: stator flux, air gap flux and rotor flux. It has been shown that
out of the three the orientation with respect to rotor flux alone gives a natural
decoupling between flux and torque, fast torque response and better stability.
Hence in this work orientation along rotor flux is considered.

Work done in Last Semester:

Simulation and Implementation of

1. Design of 20 Phase shifting Transformer for Multi Pulse Diode Rectifier
2. 18 pulse separate type Diode Rectifier
3. 7-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multi Level Inverter
4. Open loop V/f control of induction motor using Cascaded H Bridge Multi
Level Inverter
5. Closed loop V/f control of induction motor using Cascaded H Bridge Multi
Level Inverter.
Work Done after 2nd Semester
Simulation of Indirect Vector Control of Induction motor using Cascaded H
Bridge Multi Level Inverter

Block Diagram For Vector control

(Block Diagram of Vector control of Induction Motor using Cascaded H Bridge

Multi level Inverter)

MATLAB Model For Vector Control

Simulation Results

Simulation Results for vector control of Induction motor with rating 4KW is
shown bellow and Load is applied at 0.5 sec.

Fig1 (Vq, Vd, Valpha & Vbeta)

d-q –>Reference Frame along rotor & alpha-beta ->Reference Frame along stator

Fig2 (Reference wave and career waves of Level Shifted Multi Level Inverter)
Fig3 (From top- Line-Line Inverter output Voltage, Stator Currents, motor
Mechanical Speed, Torque developed)

Fig4 (Reference speed and motor speed)