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Chapter 4: Elementary Logic (Reflection)

The document discusses elementary logic including deductive and inductive reasoning. It defines key logical terms like propositions, negation, conjunction, and disjunction. It also explains why logic and reasoning are essential in daily life for problem-solving and decision making.

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Ruby Dazo
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257 views2 pages

Chapter 4: Elementary Logic (Reflection)

The document discusses elementary logic including deductive and inductive reasoning. It defines key logical terms like propositions, negation, conjunction, and disjunction. It also explains why logic and reasoning are essential in daily life for problem-solving and decision making.

Uploaded by

Ruby Dazo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 4: ELEMENTARY

LOGIC
(REFLECTION)

When I heard the word ‘logic’ the first thing that comes to my mind is ‘logical thinking’ it
means it’s requiring us to think logically. But what ELEMENTARY LOGIC really means?
Elementary Logic explains what logic is, how it is done, and why it can be exciting. Elementary
Logic covers the central part of logic that all students have to learn: propositional logic. It aims
to provide a crystal-clear introduction to what is often regarded as the most technically difficult
area in philosophy.

DEDUCTIVE REASONING is you are being asked to prove or show something and just define. In
contrast, INDUCTIVE REASONING is you are just observing something and make a conclusion
base on the patterns that you see. And that will tell you if it is a deductive or inductive
reasoning. / ‘George Boole’ is a Father of Symbolic Logic, he developed logic as an abstract
mathematical system consisting of defined terms “propositions,” operations “conjunction,
disjunction, and negation,” and rules for using the operations. / A PROPOSITION in logic is
merely a sentence that is true or false—declarative sentence that’s true or false. For example, I’m
a woman—that’s a true proposition. Here’s another one, I’m a man—that’s a false proposition.
The
second example is still proposition even though it’s false. Proposition in logic are also called
statement. Statement or Proposition are sentences that are true or false. / NEGATION—symbol: ~
or ﹁  is read as NOT, for example: ~P or ¬P is translated as “not P” or “it is not true that  P.” /
CONJUNCTION——symbol: ∧ is read as AND. Example: P ∧Q is translated as “P and Q.” /
DISJUNCTION or Inclusive—symbol: ∨ is read as OR. Example: P ∨Q is translated as “P or Q.” /
Conjunction—intersection—is true only if p is true and q is also true. In contrast, Disjunction—union
—is false only when p is false and q is false.

In our daily lives, when we are faced with problems or just a situation which require a
decision, we are often reminded to apply logic and reasoning for the most desired results. Hence,
this is a basic reason why logic and reason are so essential in our lives.

Dazo, Daisyre D.

BEED-A2020

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