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Mat2 Ti4anumint

1. The document describes the trapezoidal rule for approximating definite integrals. It represents the interval [a,b] with n subintervals of equal length h, evaluates the function f(x) at the left and right endpoints of each subinterval, and sums the areas of the trapezoids to approximate the integral. 2. It provides examples calculating the integral of cos(x) from 0 to pi/2 for different values of n. The approximations converge to the exact value of 1 as n increases. 3. It also gives an example calculating the integral of e^(-x) from 0.4 to 1 using n=7 subintervals of length h=0.1, and

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Marija Kitanovska
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118 views6 pages

Mat2 Ti4anumint

1. The document describes the trapezoidal rule for approximating definite integrals. It represents the interval [a,b] with n subintervals of equal length h, evaluates the function f(x) at the left and right endpoints of each subinterval, and sums the areas of the trapezoids to approximate the integral. 2. It provides examples calculating the integral of cos(x) from 0 to pi/2 for different values of n. The approximations converge to the exact value of 1 as n increases. 3. It also gives an example calculating the integral of e^(-x) from 0.4 to 1 using n=7 subintervals of length h=0.1, and

Uploaded by

Marija Kitanovska
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IV.

.
y f ( x) [ a, b]
n :
a x1 x2 ... b xn 1 .

(b a )
, x1 a xi 1 x1 i h xn 1 b h .
n

f ( xi )
f ( xi 1 )

h h ... h ... h
x1 a x2 x3 xi xi 1
xn xn 1 b

f ( xi )
f ( xi ) f ( xi 1 )
Pi h Pi

f ( xi 1 )

h
[ xi , xi 1 ]
:h f ( xi ) f ( xi 1 ) , :

f ( xi ) f ( xi 1 )
Pi h
2
:

IV-1
f ( x1 ) f ( x2 ) f ( x2 ) f ( x3 ) f ( xn 1 ) f ( xn ) f ( xn ) f ( xn 1 )
P h h ... h h=
2 2 2 2
h
f ( x1 ) 2 f ( x2 ) 2 f ( x3 ) ... 2 f ( xn 1 ) 2 f ( xn ) f ( xn 1 )
2
f ( x1 ) f ( xn 1 )
h f ( x2 ) f ( x3 ) ... f ( xn 1 ) f ( xn ) o
2

b
h
In f ( x) dx f (a) f (b) 2* f (a h) f (a 2h) ... f (a (n 1)h) .
a
2

R , .
,

1
R In I 2n .
3
b a
In e h ,
n
h b a
I 2n .
2 2n

2
1: , cos x dx ,
0
n 1, 2, 4,8,... R 0, 05 .
:
.

n=1 n=2

IV-2
n=4

,
( .
) :
2
cos x dx 1 .
0

b a 2
0
n=1 h .
n 1 2
h 2
I1 f (a ) f (b ) f (0) f (2) (1 0) 0, 785 ( ).
2 2 4

b a 2
0
n=2 h .
n 2 4
h 4
I2 f (a ) f (b) 2 f ( a h) f (0) f (2) 2 f (4)
2 2
(1 0 2 0, 707) 0,948
8
1 1
: R I1 I 2 0, 785 0,948 0, 055 .
3 3
b a 2
0
n=4 h .
n 4 8
h
I2 f (a ) f (b) 2 f (a h) f ( a 2 h) f (a 3h )
2
( f (0) f ( 2 ) 2 f (0 8
) f (0 2 8
) f (0 3 8
) =
16

(1 0 2 0,9239 0, 7071 0,3827 0, 987 .


16
1 1
: R I2 I4 0,948 0,987 0, 013 .
3 3
2
: cos x dx 0,987 0, 05 .
0

IV-3
1
ex
2: , dx
0,4
x
h 0,1 .
b a 1 0, 4 0, 6
: n 6. , : n 1 7.
h 0,1 0,1
.( Excel)

i xi f ( xi ) *1 *2
1 0.4 3.7296 3.7296
2 0.5 3.2974 3.2974
3 0.6 3.0369 3.0369
4 0.7 2.8768 2.8768
5 0.8 2.7819 2.7819
6 0.9 2.7329 2.7329
7 1 2.7183 2.7183
6.4479 14.758*2=29,516

1
ex 0,1
: dx 3, 7296 2, 7183 2(3, 2974 3, 0369 ... 2, 7329)
0,4
x 2

0,1
= 6, 4479 2 14, 758 0, 05(35,9639) =1,7950
2
1
ex
: dx 1, 7950 .
0,4
x

:
:
P 0, 6 0, 6 0,5 0,1 1,8

IV-4
2: n 6 ,
7
3 x 2 dx .
1

b a 7 1 6
: : h 1,
n 6 6
n 1 7
:

i xi f ( xi ) *1 *2
1 1 1.0000 1.0000
2 2 2.0000 2.0000
3 3 2.6458 2.6458
4 4 3.1623 3.1623
5 5 3.6056 3.6056
6 6 4.0000 4.0000
7 7 4.3589 4.3589
5.3589 15.4137*2=30.8274

:
7
1
I6 3x 2 dx 1, 000 4,359 2(2, 000 2, 646 3,162 3, 606 4, 000)
1
2
0,5 5,3589 30,8274 18,0930.

7
: 3 x 2 dx 18, 0930
1

P 6 5,5 4, 25 2 0, 25 18, 00

, . P = 18,182.

IV-5
3: 2, n 12
.
b a 7 1 6
: h 0,5 ,
n 12 12
n 1 13 .
:

i xi f ( xi )
1 1 1.0000 1.0000
2 1.5 1.5811 1.5811
3 2 2.0000 2.0000
4 2.5 2.3452 2.3452
5 3 2.6458 2.6458
6 3.5 2.9155 2.9155
7 4 3.1623 3.1623
8 4.5 3.3912 3.3912
9 5 3.6056 3.6056
10 5.5 3.8079 3.8079
11 6 4.0000 4.0000
12 6.5 4.1833 4.1833
13 7 4.3589 4.3589
5.3589 33.6379*2=67.2758

7
0,5
I12 3 x 2 dx 1, 000 4,359 2(1,581 ... 4,183)
1
2

0, 25(5,3589 67, 2758) = 18,1586 ,

I12 :
1 1
R I6 I12 18, 0930 18,1586 0, 0219 0, 03 ,
3 3
.

IV-6

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