Assignment

Name :- Abdullah Ali

Roll no :- (04)
Department :- BS English 2k20
Subject:- Morphology and syntax
Assignment topic:- Negative Transformation, Passive
Transformation, and Word Order Transformation
Under the supervision of :- Madam Nargis

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Content:

1. Introduction
2. Negative Transformation
3. Passive Transformation
4. Word Order Transformation
5. Conclusion
6. Reference

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Transformation:

Transformations in linguistics have to do with specific syntactical sentence structures. In fact, the
system of transformation in linguistics is called transformational grammar which it placed into
two categories: deep structure and surface structure. Whereas the system of deep structure has to
do with a positive (declarative) active-voice sentence without any negative or interrogative form,
a system of surface structure can have a negative or interrogative form, or can be in the passive
voice. As it is, in order to get a clear picture of the categories of “deep structure” and “surface
structure” look at the following illustrative examples.

Examples.

Positive (declarative) sentence.

Christina loves candies.

Examples:

Negative sentence.

Christina does not love candies. Note the negative adverb “not” here.

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Negative transformation:

The negative transformation also involves the auxiliaries. We can make any positive sentence
negative by inserting the structure words not or n’t after the first auxiliary.

Example:

She has not decided where to study for college.

I am not flying to England.

That isn't the way to Nashville.

They are not from Ecuador.

He wasn't eating white rice.

We were not sad when he moved away.

They don't practice yoga.

She did not like Bikhram yoga.

He doesn't have to commute to work.

They will not be joining us for dinner tonight.

She won't be attending the Met Gala this year.

These aren't pistachios.

They weren't playing poker.

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Passive transmission:

The passive transformation shows how to change sentences that contain transitive verbs. In
active voice, the focus of the sentence is on the subject, the person or thing performing the
action. The passive voice is used when focusing on the person or thing affected by an action. 
When we use a passive sentence, we emphasize by showing what happens to something rather
than who or what does something. Active Voice: Emile ate the piece of cheese. Passive Voice:
The piece of cheese was eaten by Emile How to Use Passivization In order to understand
passivization, it is helpful to view examples from a variety of texts. "Passivization ... keeps
together those units or bits of language that form a constituent. The passive counterpart of an
active clause usually contains a form of be and a past participle:

(i) The man in the service station was seen by Muriel. (ii) The man was seen by Muriel in the
service station. "Passivization allows you to leave out the Actor in Material processes,
Experiencer in Mental processes, and Sayer (speaker) in Verbal process clauses:

Material: Poachers killed the elephant - the elephant was killed

Mental: Rangers noticed the vultures - the vultures were noticed

Verbal: The marksmen told the poacher to freeze - the poacher was told to freeze

sometimes this enables newspapers, for instance, to protect sources by omitting the sayer, or to
retail their own opinions as though they were someone else's: e.g. 'It is widely believed the BJP
will not survive the confidence vote in the Indian Parliament.' ... the omission of an Actor will
avoid apportioning blame or responsibility.

EXAMPLES

The shoplifter was handled by my cousin.

The jar was crushed by Heidi.
The caution was sounded via Carl when the smoke was accounted for by David.

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The caution was sounded when the smoke was accounted for.
Anita was headed to the performance center via Carla.
These days, dark kites are secured by law.
The olives are stoned and squashed in this room by my child.

WORD ORDER TRANSFORMATION:

Word request is significant: it's what bodes well! Thus, appropriate word request is a
fundamental piece of composing and talking—when we put words out of order, the outcome is a
befuddling, muddled, and a mistaken sentence.

. Examples of Word Order:-

Here are a few instances of words put into the right and inaccurate request:

I have 2 siblings and 2 sisters at home. Right 2 siblings and 2 sisters have I at home. Inaccurate
I'm in center school. Right In center school I’m. Erroneous

How's it hanging with you? Right You are how today? Erroneous

As should be obvious, it's typically simple to see whether your words are in the right request.

At the point when words are faulty, they stick out, and normally change the significance of a
sentence or make it difficult to comprehend.

3.Types of Word order:- In English, we follow one fundamental example for typical sentences
and one principle design for sentences that pose an inquiry.

A Standard Word Order:- A sentence's standard word request is Subject + Action word + Article
(SVO).Keep in mind, the subject is what is the issue here; in this way, it starts things out. For
instance: The canine (subject) + eats (action word) + popcorn (object).The subject starts things
out in a sentence since it makes our importance clear when composing and talking. At that point,
the action word comes after the subject, and the article comes after the action word; and that is
the most well-known word request. Something else, a sentence doesn't bode well, this way: Eats
popcorn the canine.(action word + object + subject)

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4. PORTIONS OF WORD ORDER:-

While nearly sentences need to follow the essential SVO word request, we add different words,
as backhanded articles and modifiers, to make them more definite.

a. INDIRECT OBJECT:- At the point when we add a roundabout article, a sentence will follow
a somewhat extraordinary request. Backhanded articles consistently interfere with the action
word and the item, following the example SVIO, similar to this: I took care of the canine some
popcorn. This sentence has "I" (subject) "took care of" (action word) "canine" (circuitous item)
"popcorn" (direct article).

b. PREPOSITIONAL:- Expressions Prepositional expressions additionally have exceptional

situations in sentences. At the point when we utilize the relational words like "to" or "for," at that
point the circuitous item turns out to be important for a prepositional expression, and follows the
request SVOP, similar to this: took care of some popcorn to the canine. Other prepositional
expressions, deciding time and area, can go at either the start or the finish of a sentence: He ate
popcorn at the reasonable.- Or-At the reasonable he ate popcorn. IN the first part of the day I will
return home. I will return home toward the beginning of the day.

c. ADVERB :-Modifiers adjust action words, descriptors, and different intensifiers, adding
things like time, way, degree; and regularly end in lye, as "gradually," "as of late," "almost, etc.
When in doubt, a qualifier (or any modifier) ought to be however close as conceivable to what it
could be changing. Be that as it may, modifiers are extraordinary in light of the fact that they can
generally be put in more than one spot in the sentence are as yet right. IN this way, there are
rules about their situation, yet in addition numerous exemptions. AS a rule, while changing a
modifier or qualifier, an intensifier ought to go before the word it adjusts: The canine was very
eager. Right modifier alters "hungry" Very, the canine was ravenous. Inaccurate lost modifier
The very canine was eager. Erroneous lost verb modifier The canine was ravenous very.
Inaccurate lost verb modifier As should be obvious, "very" just bodes well not long before the

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descriptive word "hungry." In the present circumstance, the modifier can just go in one spot.
While adjusting an action word, a qualifier ought to commonly go just after the word it alters, as
in the primary sentence underneath. IN any case, these different uses are likewise right, however
they may not be the awesome: The canine ran rapidly to the reasonable. Right * BEST

POSITION:- Rapidly the canine raced to the reasonable. Right The canine immediately hurried
to the reasonable. Right The canine hurried to the reasonable rapidly. Right For verb modifiers
communicating recurrence (how regularly something occurs) the intensifier goes
straightforwardly after the subject: The canine consistently eats popcorn. He never runs
gradually. I infrequently see him. Verb modifiers communicating time (when something occurs)
can go at either the start or of the finish of the sentence, depending what's significant about the
sentence. In the event that the time isn't vital, it goes toward the start of the sentence, however
assuming you need to accentuate the time, the qualifier goes toward the finish of the sentence:
Presently the canine needs popcorn. Accentuation on "the canine needs popcorn" The canine
needs popcorn now. Accentuation on "presently"

5. How to use and Avoid mistake in word order

Beside following the appropriate SVO design, it's essential to compose and talk in the manner
that is the most un-confounding and the most clear. Assuming you commit errors with your
promise request, your sentences will not bode well. Fundamentally, on the off chance that a
sentence is difficult to comprehend, it isn't right. Here are a couple of key things to recall:

The subject is what is the issue here, so it should start things out. A modifier (like an intensifier)
should commonly go however close as conceivable to what it seems to be altering.

Roundabout items can change the word request from SVO to SVIO

Prepositional expressions have exceptional situations in sentences

At last, here's a simple tip: when composing, consistently rehash your sentences so anyone can
hear to ensure that the words are in the legitimate request—it is normally beautiful simple to
hear! On the off chance that a sentence is clear, you should just have to peruse it once to get it.

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Conclusion:

Transformation is meant by change in sentence, Change from Affirmative sentence to Negative

Sentence, or in Interrogative Sentence and from An Active Sentence into Passive Sentence.

Negative Transformation is process in which we change a positive sentence into Negative

Sentence by Adding Not after helping Verb.

Passive Transformation is process in which we change an Active Sentence into Passive Sentence
by following some Rules.

Word Order Transformation is a strategy where we came to know about where and how to put
correct word on correct place.

Reference:

I watched Lectures on this topic at YouTube. And get some help from Slides provided by
Authority (Madam Nargis) and some how took material from Google., Wikipedia, and other
websites from Internet.

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