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    Distributed System

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    chelsea oloo
    The registry is used by clients to locate remote objects on other hosts. It stores references to remote objects. Communication between distributed systems uses stubs on the client side and skeletons on the server side. Remote objects need an object reference, which is a unique identifier that is created by the server, to simplify communication without transmitting all data. Interfaces help applications communicate across different locations/designers despite differences. Activation allows remote objects to be loaded on demand by clients, keeping references valid if the server crashes. Middleware links programs across platforms, providing services like security. Scalability can be achieved by adding resources like servers/memory, scaling out by adding nodes, or scaling up individual nodes.

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    Distributed System

    Uploaded by

    chelsea oloo
    62 views2 pages
    The registry is used by clients to locate remote objects on other hosts. It stores references to remote objects. Communication between distributed systems uses stubs on the client side and skeletons on the server side. Remote objects need an object reference, which is a unique identifier that is created by the server, to simplify communication without transmitting all data. Interfaces help applications communicate across different locations/designers despite differences. Activation allows remote objects to be loaded on demand by clients, keeping references valid if the server crashes. Middleware links programs across platforms, providing services like security. Scalability can be achieved by adding resources like servers/memory, scaling out by adding nodes, or scaling up individual nodes.

    Original Description:

    Some revision questions on distributed systems.

    Original Title

    distributed system

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    The registry is used by clients to locate remote objects on other hosts. It stores references to remote objects. Communication between distributed systems uses stubs on the client side and skeletons on the server side. Remote objects need an object reference, which is a unique identifier that is created by the server, to simplify communication without transmitting all data. Interfaces help applications communicate across different locations/designers despite differences. Activation allows remote objects to be loaded on demand by clients, keeping references valid if the server crashes. Middleware links programs across platforms, providing services like security. Scalability can be achieved by adding resources like servers/memory, scaling out by adding nodes, or scaling up individual nodes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    62 views2 pages

    Distributed System

    Uploaded by

    chelsea oloo
    The registry is used by clients to locate remote objects on other hosts. It stores references to remote objects. Communication between distributed systems uses stubs on the client side and skeletons on the server side. Remote objects need an object reference, which is a unique identifier that is created by the server, to simplify communication without transmitting all data. Interfaces help applications communicate across different locations/designers despite differences. Activation allows remote objects to be loaded on demand by clients, keeping references valid if the server crashes. Middleware links programs across platforms, providing services like security. Scalability can be achieved by adding resources like servers/memory, scaling out by adding nodes, or scaling up individual nodes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    1 Remote objects built with Java RMI are usually registered in a so called "registry". Why?

    The registry is used by a client to locate methods called by a client. The registry is a reference to a
    registered remote object found on another host. It is meant to help a remote computer locate the initial
    object being sought by a client.

    2. List several ways to invoke a method on a remote object

    Communication between distributed systems –

    The RMI provides remote communication between the applications using two objects a stub which acts
    as a gateway for the clients and a skeleton which acts as a gateway for the server.

    3. Explain the concept of an object reference in a distributed system. Why do remote objects need one
    and who creates it?

    Remote objects do not need an object reference and can be created by anyone.

    Object reference is important in a situation where it is impossible to represent something hence it is


    used as a unique identifier. Using references simplifies communications without having to supply all the
    data that is to be processed.

    4. What is the purpose of an Interface Definition Language? Why does CORBA not just use the Java
    interface construct?

    It is used to define the functionalities and abilities of a distributed service.

    A COBRA application can communicate with each other despite difference in the location or the
    designer. It can communicate over many of the popular networking protocols for example the TCP/IP.

    5. How does a server know that one of his remote objects provided by him is no longer used by clients
    and can be collected?

    A distributed garbage collection ensure an object exists as long as it still has a reference holding it. It is
    collected as soon as no object no longer holds a reference to it.

    How does Java RMI handle this problem and what alternatives are there?

    The server keeps track of proxies. A proxy of a remote object tells a server to add an entry, when the
    local host’s garbage collector removes the entry, it also tells the server to remove the entry and the
    object on server is de-allocated

    6. Activation is a technology used to load remote objects into a server on demand (i.e. when a client
    invokes a method on this object. Explain why this is much better than pre-loading remote objects?

    It allows for remote objects to be activated based on-demand by client requests.

    It also enables for remote object references to remain valid across server crashes.
    If for any reason the object stops running it is much easier for the client to recover the service again.
    Because the system is able to trigger an activation service due to persistent remote reference by the
    activation technology.

    7. What is the role of middleware in a distributed system?

    A middleware enables application processes to communicate with each other.

    It links programs running on different platforms, transmitting message and data.

    The middleware supports and simplifies complex distributed applications.

    It enhances available services developed for the system for example security can be added as
    middleware if it cannot be installed as either applications or hardware.

    8. Scalability can be achieved by applying different techniques. What are these techniques?

    Addition of bigger servers, memory, CPUs, to the existing ones.

    Scaling out which is addition of the number of nodes if the computer architecture can support it.

    Scaling up which is the addition of the size of each node it is a simple way but may become costly in the
    long run.

    9. Describe precisely what is meant by a scalable system.

    When a system is able to accommodate a greater amount of usage, it is said to be scalable. It means
    that the system can easily be adapted for use to a wide user base than the one it was originally
    intended, and it can maintain its effectiveness throughout.

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