CBIS (computer based information system)

Computer Based Information Systems or Computer Based Information System (CBIS) is a data
processing system into a high-quality information and can be used as tools that support decision-
making, coordination and control as well as visualization and analysis. Some terms related to
CBIS include data, information, systems, information systems and computer base. Here's an
explanation of each term.

Data:
Data is a description of things and events , is the fact that the data describing an event and a real
unity that will be used as a basic ingredient information.

Information
Information is the result of processing the data into a form that is more useful for illustrating
receiving a real event and can be used as a tool for making a decision.

System
Systems are entities, both abstract and concrete, which consists of several interrelated
components to each other. Object that has no connection with the elements of a system is not a
component of the system.

Information System
Information Systems is an information generating system. With the integration between
subsystems owned, information systems will be able to provide quality information, precise, fast
and accurate in accordance with the management who need them.

Based Computers

Information systems “computer-based" means that the computer plays an important role in an
information system. In theory, the application of an information system does not have to use
computers in their activities. But in practice not possible systems are very complex information
that can be run well if without a computer. Accurate information systems and effective, in fact
always associated with the term "computer-based" or processing information based on the
computer.

Era of Globalization and High Level of Competition

Some strategies that can be done every company to be won a competition conducted in a
turbulent era of this.

1. Mastery of technology to produce goods and services.

2. Improving the quality of human resources.
3. Marketplace appropriate.
4. Establishment of accurate information systems to assist each decision.
Sub-System of Computer-Based Information System

Sub-system of the CBIS is:

1. Accounting Information System

2. Management Information System
3. Decision Support System
4. Office Automation (Virtual Office)
5. Expert System

ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS (AIS):

AIS is an information system that implements corporate accounting application, ie as data

processing companies, the Company cannot choose to use the AIS or not, this system is a
necessity. All companies basically implement procedures the same. AIS is more oriented to the
data than the information, although there was some information generated. AIS provide a
consistent database for other information.
AIS is the only system responsible for the information needs of information outside the
company, providing environmental information to all except the competition.

The main tasks of this information system are:

• Data collection
• Manipulation of data
• Data storage
• Provide documents

Data Collection

Any action taken by the company that involves environmental elements such activities is called
the transaction, the action described by a data record, the recording is known as transaction
processing. Data processing system to collect data that describe each company’s internal actions
and transactions within the enterprise.

Data Manipulation is the task of changing data into information. Data manipulation includes:

• Classification, identification and grouping data using the encoding of transaction records.
• Sorting, preparation of a specific order based on the code or other data elements.
• Calculating, arithmetic and logic operations are performed on the data elements.
• Summarizing, the data so that the resulting inference total, average and others.

Data Storage
The data has been recorded and stored in secondary storage media, and logically integrated in the
form of a database.
Provision Document

AIS produce the information to individuals or organizations both within and outside the
company, which was triggered by two things, namely:

• Actions, which is the output if anything happens.

• Time, which is the output at a given moment.

Characteristics AIS

• Carry out the necessary tasks.

• With a focus on a relatively standard procedure.
• Dealing with detailed data.
• Focusing on the historical.
• Provide a minimum of troubleshooting information.

Role AIS in CBIS

• AIS produces some output information in the form of standard accounting reports.
• AIS provide a comprehensive database for use in solving problems.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)

Based system is a computer database that provides information to several users with similar
needs. Users typically form a formal entity below the company or subunits.

MIS Resources:
Information explaining the company or one company's system of what has happened in the past,
what is happening now, and what might happen in the future. This information is available in
periodic reports, special reports, and results of mathematical simulation; the output information
is used managers as they make decisions to solve the problem.
All information has similar characteristics to the field of functional areas (marketing,
manufacturing, tablespoons, and finance), management level (operational, managerial, and
strategic), and the user (manager or non-manager) driver's license information to obtain data
from the database, where database contains data and information from the SIA and the
environment.
A MIS can also be an inter-organizational information system (IOS) if a MIS connected to the
MIS on other companies such as the Supplier.

MIS and AIS

MIS using data provided by AIS in the database and other information from the environment.
The contents of the database is used by software to make periodic reports and special reports, as
well as mathematical models to simulate aspects of company operations, contrast with the AIS,
the MIS has no obligation to provide information on the environment.
MIS & Enterprise IS
MIS will be formed as a whole if all the organizations information systems have been formed
and connected to each other. Data and information stored in the same database and can be used
in other functional areas. MIS is the basis for the establishment of information systems more
sophisticated and complex emerging in recent years, the Corporate Information System also
known as Enterprise Information System (EntIS)

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (Decision Support System)

In an effort to solve a problem, solver will be a lot of decision making. Decisions must be taken
to avoid or reduce negative impacts or to take advantage of opportunities.
The decision divided into:

• Decisions are programmed, and the routine is repeated.

• Decisions are not programmed, is new and not structured, there is no certain method to handle
because unprecedented.

Managers do four stages of decision-making, namely:

• Intelligence Activities, observing environmental conditions be improved.

• Designing activities, discover, develop, and analyze a variety of alternative actions that may be.
• Selecting activities choose one among alternative courses of action.
• Activity Review, assess the options and then.

Type DSS

The first type only allows managers to take a decision element, such as asking how many sales
region X.

• The second type of special reports obtained from a file, such as inventory reports.

• The third type allows the manager received a report from different files, such as the income
statement.

• The fourth type allows managers to see the effects of various decisions. For example changes in
product prices and their implications for profits.

• The fifth type allows managers to accept the proposed decision, for example, obtain the optimal
price of a mathematical model.

• The sixth type capable of providing a decision, such as computers that decide the amount of
premium to customers under the age of 25, working in the Trans Am, etc. Stay in Houston.
DSS first three simply by using a database query, while the last three must include a
mathematical model.
Destination DSS

• Assist managers to make decisions for semi-structured problem-solving.

• Support the assessment manager is not trying to replace it.
• Improve the effectiveness of decision-making on efficiency manager.

EXPERT SYSTEM (ES)

Expert system (Expert System) is an information system that has artificial intelligence (Artificial
Intelligent) that resembles human intelligence. Expert system similar to the DSS is aimed at
providing support for high-level troubleshooting for users. Differences ES and ES DSS is the
ability to explain the flow of his reasoning in reaching a specific solution. Very often explain
how to solve the problem proved more valuable than the solution itself.

Characteristics of Expert System

• Have the ability to learn or understand the problem from experience.

• Providing rapid response and satisfactory to the new situation.
• Able to handle complex problems (semi-structured).
• Solving problems by reasoning.
• Using knowledge to problem.

Expert System Part

User Interface is the part that allow managers instructions and information into and receive
information from the expert system.

1. There are four methods of input that is

• Menu
• Commands
• Natural Language
• Customized Interfaces

2. Output Expert System, among others:

• Explanation of the question

• Explanation of solving problems

3. Knowledge Base is a part that contains the facts that explain the problem areas, and also
explains techniques that explain how the problem of those facts fit one another in a logical
sequence. The term problem domain is used to describe the problem areas.

4. Interference Engine is part of expert systems that perform reasoning using the knowledge base
content based on a particular order. During the consultation, interference engine testing rules one
by one and when the right conditions one action is taken.
5. Development Engine is a tool used to create expert systems in this case the two devices are
commonly used programming language and the ES shell.

Expert System Examples

• XSEL, an expert system that acts as an assistant sales agent sales on DEC computers, which
helps customers choose the computer that meet their individual needs.

• MYCIN, an expert system developed at Stanford University's 19,870 years with the aim of
helping medical personnel in diagnosing diseases caused by bacteria.

• Prospector, the system created Richard Duda, Peter Hard, and Rene Reboh in 1978 that
provides the ability of a geologist.

OFFICE Automation (OA)

Office automation is now referred to as a virtual office, includes all the electronic systems of
formal and informal communication is primarily concerned with information to and from the
people within and outside the company. OA users are divided into four categories, namely:

• Manager is responsible for managing company resources.

• Professional, but did not manage to contribute a special expertise that distinguishes them with
secretaries and clerks.

• Secretary was assigned to assist skilled workers (Managers & Professional) for carrying out
various tasks correspondence, answering the phone, and schedule meetings.

• Employee Administration, performs the duties for the secretary, such as copiers documents,
save documents, and sends mail.

Destination OA

• Avoiding costs, the computer cannot replace the current employees, but at least delay the
addition of required handling the additional workload,

• Problem Solving groups, contribute to communication between managers.

• Complement, OA cannot replace the traditional interpersonal communication such as face to

face, telephone conversation, writing memos, and the like, but OA is complete so that when
combined with traditional media will provide synergy.
OA Applications

• Word Processing
• E-Mail
• Voice Mail
• Electronic Calendaring
• Audio Conferencing
• Video Conferencing
• Computer Conferencing
• Duplicate
• Imaging
• Desktop Publishing

CBIS Contribution
Current information system is the most important issues in management control. This is because
the purpose of management control is to assist management in coordinating subunit-sub-unit of
the organization and directs these parts to achieve company goals. Two things of interest from
the definition above is coordinating and directing. Of course in these two processes requires a
system for coordinating and directing the process can work effectively so that corporate goals
can be achieved.
 The main benefits of the development of information systems for management control
systems are:
 Saving time (time saving)
 Cost savings (cost saving)
 Improved effectiveness (effectiveness)
 Technology development (technology development)
 Accounting personnel development (accounting staff development).
 With a variety of benefits and contributions provided, it is expected of each company can
survive in the arena of an increasingly tight competition.