Atal Mission For Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) Was Launched by

An empirical study on impact of Amrut Yogan in KGF
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) was launched by
prime minister sri Narendra modi in June 2015 with the focus to establish infrastructure that
could ensure adequate robust sewage networks and water supply for urban transformation by
implementing urban revival projects and Ensuring water supply of 135 litres per capita per
day in urban areas besides providing water supply and sewerage connections to all urban
households is the national priority .all the states to ensure water meters for all consumers in
urban areas for efficient management of water supply and reducing supply of water without
collecting fee (Non-Revenue Water).Rajasthan was the first state in the country to submit
State Annual Action Plan under Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
(AMRUT). The scheme is dependent with public-private partnership (PPP) model. various
other schemes like swatch Bharat scheme,Housing for all 2022, along with the local state
schemes like that related to water supply and sewerage and other infrastructure related
schemes were linked to AMRUT,
The purpose of Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
(i) Ensure that every household has access to a tap with assured supply of water and
a sewerage connection
(ii) Increase the amenity value of cities by developing greenery and well maintained
open spaces (e.g. parks)
(iii) Reduce pollution by switching to public transport or constructing facilities for
non-motorized transport
About ₹1 lakh crore (US$14 billion) investment on urban development under Atal Mission
for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation of 500 cities has already been approved by the
government
MISSION
Providing basic services (e.g. water supply, sewerage, urban transport) to households and build
amenities in cities which will improve the quality of life for all, especially the poor and the
disadvantaged is a national priority.
The purpose of Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) is to
 Ensure that every household has access to a tap with the assured supply of water and a
sewerage connection.
 Increase the amenity value of cities by developing greenery and well maintained open
spaces (e.g. parks) and
 Reduce pollution by switching to public transport or constructing facilities for non-
motorized transport (e.g. walking and cycling). All these outcomes are valued by citizens,
particularly women, and indicators and standards have been prescribed by the Ministry of
Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA ) in the form of Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs).
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Sri gokula college of arts, science and management studies (PG block) at kolar
The Priority zone of the Mission is water supply followed by sewerage.
However, the pursuit of better outcomes will not stop with the provision of taps and sewerage
connections to all (universal coverage). Other benchmarks will be targeted following a step-by-
step process after achieving the benchmark of universal coverage. Such a gradual process of
achieving benchmarks is called “incrementalism”. This does not mean that other SLBs are less
important, but that in the incremental process SLBs are achieved gradually according to National
Priorities. In the case of urban transport the benchmark will be to reduce pollution in cities while
construction and maintenance of storm water drains are expected to reduce, and ultimately
eliminate, flooding in cities, thereby making cities resilient.
Earlier, the MoHUA used to give project-by-project sanctions. In the AMRUT this has been
replaced by approval of the State Annual Action Plan once a year by the MoHUA and the States
have to give project sanctions and approval at their end. In this way, the AMRUT makes States
equal partners in planning and implementation of projects, thus actualizing the spirit of
cooperative federalism. A sound institutional structure is a foundation to make Missions
successful. Therefore, Capacity Building and a set of Reforms have been included in the Mission.
Reforms will lead to improvement in service delivery, mobilization of resources and making
municipal functioning more transparent and functionaries more accountable, while Capacity
Building will empower municipal functionaries and lead to timely completion of projects.
COMPONENTS
The components of the AMRUT consist of capacity building, reform implementation, water
supply, sewerage and septage management, storm water drainage, urban transport and
development of green spaces and parks. During the process of planning, the Urban Local Bodies
(ULBs) will strive to include some smart features in the physical infrastructure components. The
details of the Mission components are given below.
WATER SUPPLY
 Water supply systems including augmentation of existing water supply, water treatment
plants and universal metering.
 Rehabilitation of old water supply systems, including treatment plants.
 Rejuvenation of water bodies specifically for drinking water supply and recharging of
ground water.
 Special water supply arrangement for difficult areas, hill and coastal cities, including
those having water quality problems (e.g. arsenic, fluoride)
SEWERAGE
 Decentralised, networked underground sewerage systems, including augmentation of
existing sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants.
 Rehabilitation of old sewerage system and treatment plants.
 Recycling of water for beneficial purposes and reuse of wastewater.
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STROM WATER DRAINAGE

Construction and improvement of drains and storm water drains in order to reduce and eliminate
flooding.
URBAN TRANSPORT
 Footpaths/ walkways, sidewalks, foot over-bridges and facilities for non-motorised
transport (e.g. bicycles).
Multi-level parking.
Development of green space and parks with special provision for children, senior citizens and
Divyang friendly components.
ELIGIBILITY
SAAP(State Annual Action Plans) is a consolidated plan of all the city level SLIPs(Service
Level Improvement Plan) of all proposed AMRUT cities in the respective states. A
formulation on City level SLIP is done based on diligent estimation of ambiguities in the
availability of infrastructure like water supply, sewerage network, draining system,
transportation facilities, available digital and internet facilities, industrial facilities etc.
135litres per capita per day is another factor in the process including water supply and
sewerage connections to all urban household
IMPLEMENTATION
First Phase Implementation
90 cities in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan have been allocated funds under the first
phase of the mission. A huge allocation of fund has been done for them by the Apex
Committee of AMRUT under the State Annual Action Plans (SAAP) for these states for
period of 2015-16. At each city level a City Mission Management Units (CMMUs) is
proposed to be set up which will assist the Urban Local Body (ULB) in terms of staff and
technology.
Later Phase
The flagship program has already invited a huge fund and participation of big companies. In
later stage the rest of the cities out of 500 will be finalized and implemented for the later
stage
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Organisational Chart for AMRUT as on 09.12.2019
PROGRAMME MANEGEMENT
An Apex Committee (AC), chaired by the Secretary, MoHUA and comprising representatives
of related Ministries and organisations will supervise the Mission. The composition of the
Apex Committee will be:
 Secretary (MoHUA) Chairman
 Secretary (Department of Expenditure) Member
 Secretary (Department of Economic Affairs) Member
 Principal Advisor (HUD), NITI Ayog Member
 Secretary (Drinking Water & Sanitation) Member
 Secretary (Environment, Forest & Climate Change) Member
 Additional Secretary (UA), MoHUA Member
 Additional Secretary (Housing), MoHUA Member
 Additional Secretary (D&C), MoHUA Member
 Joint Secretary & Financial Advisor, MoHUA Member
 OSD (UT), MoHUA Member
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 Adviser (CPHEEO) Member

 TCPO Member
 Director, NIUA Member
 National Mission Director (MoHUA) Member Secretary
The Apex Committee may co-opt any representative from any Government Department or
organisation as Member or invite any expert to participate in its deliberations. The functions of
the Apex Committee are:
 Approve the SAAP submitted by the State High Powered Steering Committee, including
the Annual Comprehensive Action Plan for Capacity Building of States, the Reform roadmap in
the SAAP.
 Allocate and release funds to the States/UTs.
 Overall monitor and supervise the Mission.
 Advise the State/UT/implementing agencies on innovative ways for resource
mobilization, private financing and land leveraging.
 Confirm appointment of organisations, institutions or agencies for third party monitoring
(IRMA).
 The Apex Committee may delegate, as it considers appropriate, some of the functions
within prescribed limits to the Mission Director for ensuring speedy implementation of the
Mission.
 Formulate the threshold of physical progress of project at which to release funds to the
States.
The Apex Committee will meet according to requirements but at least once in three months.
There will be a National Mission Director, who will not be below the rank of Joint Secretary to
Government of India who will be the overall in-charge of all activities related to the Mission. The
Mission Directorate will take support from subject matter experts and such staff, as considered
necessary. The National Mission Director will be the Member Secretary in the Apex Committee.
STATE LEVEL
A State level High Powered Steering Committee (SHPSC) chaired by the State Chief
Secretary, shall steer the Mission Programme in its entirety. An indicative composition of the
SHPSC is given below.

 Chief Secretary Chairman
 Pr. Secretary (PHE) Member
 Pr. Secretary (Finance) Member
 Pr. Secretary (Housing) Member
 Pr. Secretary (Environment & Forest) Member
 Representative of MoHUA Member
 Mission Director (if different from viii below) Member
 Pr. Secretary (UD) Member Secretary
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The SHPSC may co-opt member(s) from other State Government Departments/Government
organisations and may also invite experts in the field to participate in its deliberations. There
would be a State Mission Director who will be an officer not below the rank of Secretary to the
State Government, nominated by the State Government, with a Programme Management Unit
(PMU) and a Project Development and Management Consultant (PDMC). With the establishment
of PDMCs, the AMRUT will not support the PMUs and Project Implementation Units (PIUs) set
up under earlier Mission. Moreover, the States will ensure that there is no overlap in the functions
of these Mission support structures. In case a PMU has already been established under the CCBP,
another PMU will not be supported from the Mission funds. The functions of the SHPSC are:
 Identify the gaps in infrastructure based on SLBs, need for individual and institutional
capacity building, ways and means to achieve urban reforms, finalisation of the financial outlays,
etc. of the Mission Cities/Towns.
 Prepare the SAAP based on the SLIPs of the ULBs of the State prioritising cities and
projects based on available resources each year, as prescribed in the Mission Statement and
Guidelines.
 Approve the projects after they are technically appraised and sanctioned by the State
Level Technical Committee (SLTC). All project approvals shall be accorded by the State HPSC
provided these projects are included in the approved SAAP. No project shall be referred to the
MoHUA for sanction. In the entire project approval, procurement and execution process, the
State HPSC shall ensure that all the provisions of State Financial Rules are followed.
 Plan the fund flow in short, medium as well as long term. Explore innovative ways for
resource mobilization, private financing and land leveraging for funding of projects.
 Fix the State and ULB share of contribution towards the projects in addition to the
Central Government Grant specified in para. 5 of these Guidelines.
 Look into complaints of poor quality, lack of supervision and other violations. Monitor
the quality of work and reports of appraisal by third party assessors and others and take action at
their end.
 Recommend proposals for release of installment of funds for on-going projects to the
National Mission Directorate.
 Follow-up action to establish a Financial Intermediary, allocate and release the Central
and State share of funds in time for execution of projects.
 Recommend a roadmap and milestones for implementation of Reforms in the State/ULBs
for approval of the Apex Committee. Review the progress of committed Urban Reforms at the
State and ULB level.
 Monitor the progress of implementation of the Mission, including project implementation
in ULBs. xi. Monitor outcome and O&M arrangements of projects sanctioned and completed
under the Mission.
 Periodically, review the progress of capacity building and training activities.
 Organise timely audit of the funds released and review the Action Taken Reports on
various Audit reports relating to the earlier Mission and the new Mission and on other reports
including that of third party, Project Development and Management Consultants and the elected
representatives of the ULBs.
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 Bring about inter-organisation coordination and collaboration for better planning and
implementation of the Mission Programme.
 Any other matter relevant for the efficient implementation of the Mission or referred by
the National Mission Directorate.
 Monitor the legal issues/cases in courts, if any.
CITY LEVEL
Programme Management at the city level: The ULB will be responsible for implementation for the
Mission. The Municipal Commissioner will ensure timely preparation of SLIP (para. 6 & Annexure 2
of the Guidelines). The ULBs will develop DPRs and bid documents for projects in the approved
SAAP. The ULBs will ensure city level of approvals of DPRs and bid documents and forward these to
the SLTC/SHPSC for approvals. Urban local bodies will procure implementation agencies as
provided in the financial rules and regulations and after award of work, ensure its timely completion.
For this, the ULBs will take support from PDMCs to perform these activities as given in section 8.
The ULB will also develop a road map for Reform implementation and capacity building as given in
Annexures 2 (Table 5.1) and 7 of the Guidelines, respectively. The ULB will also be responsible for
building coordination and collaboration among stakeholders for timely completion of projects without
escalation of project cost.
Capacity Building
Individual Capacity Building
Several reports and studies, have recommended capacity building of both municipal functionaries
and municipal institutions. Accordingly, the realigned Capacity Building Plan consists of two
strategic interventions - Individual Capacity Building and Institutional Capacity Building. The
purpose of individual training is to enhance the functional knowledge, improve the job related
skills and change the attitude of municipal functionaries. The one-year training will be imparted
to municipal functionaries in training institutes (classroom) followed by its application at their
work place. Additionally, they will be mentored and provided coaching services at their work
place during the one-year training period. The aim of Institutional Capacity Building is to
improve institutional outcomes, as set out in the AMRUT Reform Agenda.
Plan of Action (PoA)
Individual Capacity Building: Based on the Training Needs Analysis (TNA) the focus will be
on the following four departments in ULBs.
 Finance & Revenue: Financial Planning and Management, Revenue Mobilization.
 Engineering and Public Health: Water and Sanitation, Drainage and Solid Waste
Management.
 Town Planning: Urban Planning including pro-poor planning approaches.
 Administration: e-Governance, Computer and Soft Skills.
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The ULBs will plan to train at least 30 functionaries from the four departments every year and all
elected representatives. The elected representatives will be imparted training once at the training
institutes, which will include a site-visit to learn from best practices in India. As regards
municipal functionaries, 45,000 officials from 500 urban local bodies will be trained upto June
2018. The training will consist of three capsules spread over a year. Each capsule will consist of
three days training in the training institute followed by four months during which the training will
be applied in their work by the municipal functionaries. During a period of one year, therefore, a
municipal functionary will be imparted training for nine (9) days in the training institute.
There are several retired officers from the Central, State and Municipal services who are settled
in the ULBs. During the four months when the trainees return to their work place, such retired
officers can work as mentors. For this the training agencies will match mentors with the
municipal functionaries. Finally, the year-long training will also contain one visit to an initiative
in India identified as a best practice and one participation in an International/National workshop.
The payments for all these activities will be made according to the norms given in the CCBP
toolkit (pgs. 18&19). The likely cost will be nearly Rs. 100 crore for three years.
The training will be conducted by empanelled training agencies, academic institutes and other
not-for-profit organizations (henceforth called entities). They will be allocated ULBs located
within States/regions/areas. Payments to entities will be made after completion of each capsule by
the ULBs, subject to training having met its objectives as independently assessed by the NIUA
(or its nominee). If gaps are identified by the NIUA, the training entity will have to conduct a re-
training at its cost.
The NIUA will be the strategic partner of the MoHUA in capacity building and will provide
single window services to the MoHUA/States/ULBs. The NIUA will be involved in
disseminating information on training modules, documenting best practices, monitoring the
progress of training, and, most important, evaluating the benefits of training after completion of
each training capsule of four months. This evaluation will be done for all the individual municipal
functionaries over the one-year long training period and results will be shared with the training
entities to make them review their training methods and modules, if necessary, to make the
training more appropriate and relevant for the municipal functionaries.
For example, functionaries will self-assess the training in the standard formats prescribed after
completion of the three-day training program by the training entities in the classroom. Again after
their return from the work place after four months the functionaries will self-assess. Now,
additionally, their supervisors will also assess the improvement in skills, attitudes and knowledge
of the trainees. The self-assessment and supervisor assessment will inform the NIUA and the
training entity about the,
 Impact of the training on the knowledge, skills and attitudes of individual functionaries
over their existing levels (baseline), and
 Improvements in tasks-related performance.
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Institutional Capacity Building

The focus will be on building the institutional capacity of ULBs by using Consulting Firms and
other entities
Fund Allocation
The total central outlay for AMRUT is Rs. 50,000 crore for five years from FY2015-16 to
FY2019-20 and the Mission will be operated as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. The AMRUT
may be continued thereafter in the light of an evaluation done by the MoHUA and incorporating
learnings in the Mission. The Mission funds will consist of the following four parts:
 Project fund - 80% of the annual budgetary allocation.
 Incentive for Reforms - 10% of the annual budgetary allocation.
 State funds for Administrative & Office Expenses (A&OE) - 8% of the annual budgetary
allocation
 MoHUA funds for Administrative & Office Expenses (A&OE) - 2% of the annual
budgetary allocation.
Coverage
Five hundred cities have been selected under AMRUT. The category of cities
that have been selected under AMRUT is given below:
 All Cities and Towns with a population of over one lakh with notified
Municipalities as per Census 2011, including Cantonment Boards (Civilian
areas),
 All Capital Cities/Towns of States/ UTs, not covered in above ,
 All Cities/ Towns classified as Heritage Cities by MoHUA under
the HRIDAY Scheme,
 Thirteen Cities and Towns on the stem of the main rivers with a
population above 75,000 and less than 1 lakh, and
 Ten Cities from hill states, islands and tourist destinations (not more than
one from each States
1.2 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

Urban Planning is a process. It involves the design and development of land used
constructively to the built environment. This involves technical and political
decisions pertaining to air, water and infrastructure. It requires detailed planning of
architecture, structural designing, and civil engineering to create solutions for the
communities. We need to reflect upon it.
Points that we must talk about1990’s was the decade when economic liberalisation
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began and India charted a new course of development economics. It also witnessed
the emergence of two major trends – information technology that started
connecting cultures and people and improved mobility of capital across geographic
boundaries. Indian cities started driving socio-economic change and put
themselves firmly on the global map. Today, our cities are the focus of global
commercial activity and interest. They not only contribute substantially to the
Indian economy but also attract investments. They have become hubs for
education, job creation, innovation, arts and culture.
It is important that we view our cities as ‘urban platforms’. An integrated

ecosystem that involves the stakeholders and drives their engagement. The
policymakers need to factor in while formulating policies, issues like
inclusiveness, governance, ecology and at the same time maintaining the unique
identity of respective cities. Urban invention is a new norm that brings different
communities in a city together.
So the question is are integrated cities the answer to the woes of urban India?
There is a view that yes it is. Urbanisation in India is continually reinventing itself.
An Integrated city provides a mixed ecosystem that includes nurturing of industry,
throws up employment opportunities and enhances the quality of life of its citizens.
Emphasis must be laid on creating ‘self-sustaining and resource-efficient
ecosystems’. And it must be supported by a strong infrastructure of power, roads,
water, drainage, sewage, etc. We must have a long term vision to modernise our
cities. The ever-changing demographics, new technologies and global and local
socio-political shifts demand urban planning must have flexibility to ensure future-
readiness. And the usage of natural resources is of utmost importance in urban
planning. If we look around, our ecosystem is based on the consumption of natural
resources. We need to find a solution with the right mixture of farsightedness,
agility, resilience and innovation. This can be done at the master planning stage as
it will offer an opportunity to create sustainable cities.
An integrated city development requires movement on multiple fronts. On the one

hand industrial growth is a must – it will spur economic activities and help create
jobs. On the other, it will make available ample recreational facilities and
combined with a generous landscaping and walk to work culture will add extra
time a person’s daily life. It also demands numerous commercial and retail spaces.
Appropriately designed public spaces and open areas will also strengthen
community bonding and place for people to interact. Technology will change the
health of urban planning. It will change the health of towns. People are yearning
for a better health and a lifestyle. That requires a redesigning of urban areas. We
now need broader roads and sidewalks where people can walk, some running
tracks and exercise areas outside the residential complexes or common plots.
Initially, it could be expensive but with the involvement of technology, it will be
compensated. There is a greater awareness among the public at large. They are
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concerned about oil prices, environmental challenges and global warming. In order
to support them, urban planning needs to contemplate the required change in the
variety of public transport for its availability and comfortable commute. The
initiatives like e-bikes and renting of cycles is possible with the support of
technology, making the booking and return of bikes easy, cheaper and
environment-friendly.
Urbanisation on upswing in India
 Private cities are now expanding due to the support of private companies. Private developers are
building private housing projects that will exponentially grow in the years to come.
 The Delhi-Mumbai Corridor is an infrastructure program set to develop ‘Smart Cities’ and
combine next-generation technology with infrastructural development.
 The transport and logistics sector of India underlines the importance of interconnecting the
different modes of transportation: road, rail, sea and air. An efficient multi-modal system is
relevant in the development and successful growth of the infrastructural systems.
 Special Economic Zones dot the landscape of India. Each of these zones is focused on a particular
sector such as IT, apparel and fashion, or petroleum and petrochemical industries.
 Industrial townships are built to house employees close to the factories and manufacturing plants
at which they work. After the success of the pioneering industrial township – Tata’s Steel Town –
the government is planning on developing more like it.
 India’s expected economic growth opens up expansion prospects for Indian airports. Domestic and
international passengers are inevitably predicted to double in number in the years to come.
INDIAS urban infrasture
We need to make changes as we face urbanisation. The challenges of urbanisation

are multifaceted. In order to face the challenges of urbanization, infrastructures
need to be improved. But the point is rapid population growth and a lack of
adequate investment is making urban infrastructure growth slow. This will require
major investments. There are number of issues that we will need to address. To
name a few, affordable housing in India, transport and mobility, water and
wastewater management, power and infrastructure.
Affordable
India is facing a housing shortage in urban areas at the moment and more housing
would be required in order to meet future demand. This demand comes from the
economically weaker section due to lack of housing policies. Some parts in India
have introduced public-private-partnership policies, which have led to the
development of housing.
Transport oppurtunities
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Private mode of transport is dominant in India. There is a heavy reliance on private

transport that has led to the congestion of roads and increasing commuting time
and pollution. Road networks, therefore, need to increase because of the influx of
these vehicles.
On a separate note, public mode of transport is gradually decreasing in terms of

popularity.
In an effort to improve the urban transport situation in India, new metro rail
networks have been developed.
water and waste management
The water supply in India faces several issues and the water and wastewater
management in the country needs to be improved. The government though has
taken initiatives to improve water supplies establishing projects for selected areas.
Sewage and sanitation is also facing a dilemma in India at the moment.
Nevertheless, projects to further improve this is currently a work in progress.
infrasture
Increasing urbanization has led to an increasing demand in energy consumption.
India greatly needs to increase its power-generating capacity and develop new
ways of generating power.
We are at a point where we need to engage in a serious debate on the size of cities
and their impact on overall liveability. What we have observed till today is that
megacities are exalted by policymakers by virtue of the contribution they make to
the national and state economy. However this view is being challenged by many as
this often happens at the cost of a sharp deterioration in the environment. Above
all, megacities fall sharply on the scale of equity. What is important to note is that
the massive rise in land costs puts decent housing and basic services beyond the
reach of the poor. Indeed, the larger the city, the more anti-poor it seems to become
and this adversely impacts women, children and the elderly. There is, therefore, a
strong case to strategise nationally in favour of decentralised urbanisation.
There are numerous planning challenges associated with cities which includes their
growth and decline, their role in climate change. In a UN report, former UN
Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon on the Global Report on Human Settlements 2009
said that “evidence from around the world suggests that contemporary urban
planning has largely failed to address these challenges”. In the cited background, it
is quite clear that a new, innovative strategy ought to be devised. The old
formulations, given the context, will not solve the problems of cities.
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NEED OF THE STUDY

Urban planning, town planning, city planning and regional planning play various
important roles. There are various aspects which are taken care of while planning
such as financial, economic, environmental, educational, transportation etc.
Importance of urban planning or town planning are as follows:
1. Organised and planned development of cities
2. Offers a better quality of life
3. Aids economic growth and economic development
4. Takes into account the environmental considerations
5. Makes cities resilient
6. Better infrastructure & sustainable form of development
7. Easy access to educational and health facilities
8. A good and efficient public transport system
9. An efficient & reliable waste management system
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10.More jobs and other economic opportunities

The overall importance of urban planning is explained below considering the
various aspects:
Due to more work opportunities, better education facilities, and many other
reasons, the population in the cities of developing countries is increasing rapidly.
In order to accommodate a large population, there have to be some early plans.
That’s why concerned development authorities and relevant stakeholders should
work together on an efficient plan making process.. This is done by keeping certain
factors in mind, such as the needs of citizens, community participation, social
equity, public welfare, appropriate expansion of infrastructure, and efficient
measures during emergency situations. A planned city maximises the advantages
and benefits of living in a city.
Balanced distribution of resources through urban planning, the city would have a
strategy to develop its economy as well as liveability conditions. Not only the
expansion of residential areas & urban sprawls, but urban planning also ensures
good transportation, health care, urban design, sustainable development by means
of master plan. Thus, the city will grow rapidly without having negative impacts on
its built environment, economy and citizens. It thus accomplishes multiple
objectives while taking into account the environmental impact of major urban
projects.
Improves Quality of Life, offers a healthy lifestyle
Quality of life is the major concern of every human being when they move to a
city. The other two issues are employment and accommodation. Though the cost of
living is higher, the opportunities are also great. To make it easier, the city
manager must have rules and regulations for the proper distribution of land, public
spaces, and the infrastructures. Due to increasing density in nearby cities, city
management is creating several attractive points of interest in the city. The
authorities are also regularly updating the traffic regulations due to constant
increase in the number of vehicles. All these measures are ultimately improving the
quality of life of the people. City planning helps in managing the metropolitan
areas better, especially the downtown areas and other central areas.
Caters to Environmental Considerations
Global warming has created some major issues for our planet and the inhabitants.
Having an early idea of natural calamities has become very important for those
who do city management. They are trying to have the prediction of all such
calamities to make long-term strategies and later achieve them by making short-
term actions. They keep the citizens as well as the visitors safe from all possible
disasters that the world is facing today. Minimizing the risks for the betterment of
everyone has only become possible because of urban planning. The importance of
the environment has been clearly highlighted in the recent sustainable development
goals formed by the United Nations. The policy document outlines the importance
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of environmental impact assessments and makes them mandatory for any urban

development project.
Positive impact on Economy & better utilisation of Resources
We all know that as the cities grow, economic requirements increase too. The
financial measure is one of the most important aspects of urban planning and if not
taken properly, there would be a severe impact on the economy of the city. It takes
care of more and more job openings as well as reducing the cost of living. The
major problem cities are facing nowadays is the migration of inhabitants due to the
reduced number of work opportunities and expensive living conditions. Urban
planning also does the expansion of neighbouring rural areas. It takes all the
required measures for further development and utilization of the rural areas to
bring economic growth to the city.
Safe and Healthy Lifestyle for Everyone
By constantly following the advice provided by the World Health Organization,
urban planners ensure that the people in an urban area live a safe and healthy life.
They suggest the inhabitants pay attention to their lifestyle. Authorities create a
better environment and provide sufficient areas in the public park for senior
citizens to exercise and have leisure time. They keep machines to collect garbage
and unwanted materials to keep the city clean and healthy for the citizens.
Making Cities Resilient
A well planned city or area incorporates various measures to cater for disasters.
Cities are areas with high population density and thus need to be safe and resilient
from natural and as well as man made disasters. Planning for the future prepares
the city to protect itself from any disaster or minimise the losses. Urban Planning
thus helps in saving urban areas and reducing loss of lives and property.
Develop the Nation
According to the reports of the UN, the world will likely have more than 3 billion
people moving to cities by 2050. This report suggests that this continuous growth
in urban population could cause severe harm to biodiversity. Each country is
putting efforts to minimize the impact of increasing urbanization on the
environment. The management is planting more and more trees. They are raising
awareness among the citizens to use more and more public transport and decrease
the rate of fuel consumption per person. With all these measures, who will grow?
Of course, THE NATION.
With the growing population, cities will always need urban planning. That’s why it
must be implemented all around the world, especially in developing countries.
They will always come across challenging conditions and things will become even
worse without urban planning. Not only the official and the management should be
responsible, but every citizen should act sensibly towards the betterment of the
society, city, and the country.
15
Urban planning is not only about planting trees and picking up the garbage, but
there are also thousands of aspects that urban planners cover. That’s why it has
become so important for cities these days.
CHAPTER-2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND RESEARCH DESIGN
2.1,REVIEW OF LITERATURE
India’s urban population of 410 million makes it the secondlargest
urban community in the world. Yet, the urbanization ratio (32%) is
still low. Overall, the provision of basic urban services is poor. Total
investments of atleast $640.2 billion are needed for urban
infrastructure and services until 2031 to meet the needs of the
growing urban population and improve the standard of living of the
existing urban population. The funding gap is estimated at $80–110
billion.3
The new administration, in office since May 2014, has announced a
number of urban development policies and initiatives in quick
succession. This report addresses the issue of how India can unlock
the full potential of urban regeneration and development to enable
inclusive growth with the participation of the world’s leading private
sector organizations.
16
India aims to achieve “Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable

Growth”.4 Achieving inclusiveness involves addressing poverty
reduction, group equality, regional balance, inequality and
empowerment. To achieve these objectives, however, the country
needs to address several challenges: India currently ranks 71 out of
144 countries in the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) 2014-2015,
below its BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) peers, and scores
worst among the BRIC countries in technological readiness (2.7 out
of 7.0), innovation (3.5) and infrastructure (3.6). Two recent surveys
conducted by the Forum among business leaders and international
investors revealed that both groups consider funding and financing, as
well as policy and regulation, as main obstacles to investing in India.
The Government of India has sought to foster urban development by
introducing legislation such as the Right to Fair Compensation and
Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Act and through various initiatives, such as the creation of five
industrial corridors and, more recently, the launching of the Make in
India programme and the 100 Smart Cities programme.
The FUDS Initiative provides three strategic recommendations for the
Government of India to advance the debate around the newly
announced policies and initiatives on urban development:
– Integrate spatial planning at all governmental levels: national, state
and city Spatial planning is the key instrument for achieving social,
territorial and economic development within India and with
neighbouring countries. Its primary role is integrating housing,
strategic infrastructure and urban infrastructure and improving
national and local governance in the context of urban development.
Spatial planning has both regulatory and developmental functions. For
India to take on board this recommendation, the Government of India
should initiate comprehensive work on developing a national spatial
strategy by the end of 2015 and link it to the ongoing activities of the
industrial corridors programme, the Smart Cities programme, and
other urban planning and regeneration initiatives.
– Create a stable policy framework for private investment in urban
infrastructure India, like several countries around the world, faces an
acute need to provide new or modernized infrastructure and public
17
services. Once the policy environment is stable and the right

conditions for investors have been created, the Government of India
needs to look at the various tools available to enable investments in
strategic infrastructure and urban development. One such tool is
public-private partnership (PPP). This report provides a best-practices
framework and checklists to facilitate the review of the Indian PPP
model of urban development. PPPs can accelerate infrastructure
development by tapping the private sector’s financial resources and
skills in delivering infrastructure effectively and efficiently on a
whole lifecycle-cost basis.
– Create institutions to stimulate capacity building and attract talent
to grow businesses An analysis of India’s economic competitiveness
reveals two facts: manufacturing accounts for less than 15% of India’s
GDP, which is low; and India needs to grow its number of white-
collar jobs to retain and attract talent. India also needs “lighthouse”
projects with the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration in the
area of urban development.
As next steps, it is suggested that the Indian administration continue
its consultations with industry and infrastructure partners, as well as
civil society, to get a balanced view of actions needed to achieve these
plans. Fast, measurable and impactful action is necessary.
There is a strong desire on the part of Forum Industry Partners to
continue engaging in India on infrastructure and urban development
initiatives. The Forum will convene roundtable discussion in India in
collaboration with Industry Partners early in 2015 to support the
Government of India and its ambitious plans.
REPORT BY WORLD ECNOMIC FORUM(2018)
Urban Development in India

India’s urban population has increased from 222 million (26% of the
population) in 1990 to 410 million (32%) in 2014 and is expected to
reach 814 million (50%) by 2050.5 Three of India’s cities are among
the most populous in the world: Delhi (25 million), Mumbai (21
million) and Kolkata (15 million) rank 2, 6 and 14, respectively. Yet,
18
while India ranks second in the world in terms of urban population

size, its current urbanization ratio is low compared to China (54%,
758 million), Indonesia (53%, 134 million), Mexico (79%, 98
million), Brazil (85%, 173 million) and Russia (74%, 105 million).6
India’s urban growth is largely concentrated in Class I cities with a
population of 100,000 or more (see Figure 1). As a result, the number
of metropolitan cities (Class IA and IB, with a population exceeding 1
million) has increased from 35 in 2001 to 53 in 2011, currently
accounting for 43% of India’s urban population (up from 38% in
2001), and is expected to be 87 by 2031. In turn, population growth in
smaller cities has tended to stagnate or slow down, with the share of
the population in Class II–IV+ cities decreasing from 31% in 2001 to
28% in 2015.
Figure 1: Overview of Urban Agglomerations in India7
Urban Infrastructure and Urban Services

According to the Government of India’s High Powered Expert
Committee (HPEC), approximately $640.2 billion is needed until
2031 for investment in urban infrastructure and services if India is to
maintain and accelerate economic growth (see Figure 2).8 The
19
investment required for the eight major sectors of urban infrastructure

(roads, transport, traffic support, street lighting, water supply,
sewerage, storm water drains and solid waste management) is
estimated at $506.3 billion. Approximately half of that amount is
needed in Class IA and IB cities alone; Class IC cities require 30%
and Class II–IV+ cities 20%. An additional $67.0 billion will be
needed for renewal and redevelopments of certain urban areas,
particularly slums, and $16.3 billion will be required for capacity
building of urban local bodies (ULBs) to ensure the availability of
sufficient skills to plan, develop and manage the required
infrastructure projects. Given the fact that the public sector is in no
position to bankroll investments of this magnitude, a significant
funding gap clearly exists for the Government of India for the
required investment in (urban) infrastructure. The HPEC estimates the
funding deficit at 0.15–0.39% of GDP per annum for the period
2012–2031, which amounts to a funding gap of $80– 110 billion. In
contrast, the Planning Commission’s Working Sub-Group on
Infrastructure estimates the funding gap in infrastructure in general to
be $238.4 billion for 2012–2017. Obviously the time periods, the
assumptions and the scope of infrastructure are different in the two
approaches. Yet, both estimates reveal that significant private
investment is required to satisfy India’s infrastructure needs.9
Living standards and business operations have been negatively
impacted by India’s inability to provide universal access to and
continuity of basic urban services. In 35 municipal corporations, the
average underspending on capital investments necessary to meet
minimum standards of services is 76%.
According to the HPEC, the current deficit in urban infrastructure and
service provision can be attributed to a combination of factors such as
chronic neglect of urban planning and infrastructure development by
state governments, the Government of India’s lack of leadership,
fragmented and/or overlapping institutional responsibilities, and low
recovery of operating and maintenance costs by utilities
20
Main Urban Development Challenges

The HPEC, the World Bank and the Confederation of Indian Industry
(CII) have each provided an analysis of the challenges affecting urban
development in India12. The main ones relate to: – Planning for land
use and zoning – Functioning of the property market and property
governance – Access to serviced land and affordable housing –
Access to mass transit systems and road networks – Division of power
and financial autonomy between ULBs and other levels of
government – Creating a favourable environment for starting,
operating and growing a business
According to the World Bank, the challenges have arisen from the
following governance deficits: – Empowerment deficit: Limited,
overlapping and fragmented functional assignments resulting in
unclear accountability at the city level – Resource deficit: Limited
revenue-generation powers and inappropriately targeted
intergovernmental transfers resulting in inadequate local government
financial resources – Accountability deficit: Despite elections and the
right to information, transparency structures, roles and mandates are
unclear – Delivery deficit: Insufficient provision and maintenance of
municipal services and networks
2.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
India’s urban population has increased from 222 million (26% of the
population) in 1990 to 410 million (32%) in 2014 and is expected to
21
reach 814 million (50%) by 2050.5 Three of India’s cities are among
the most populous in the world: Delhi (25 million), Mumbai (21
million) and Kolkata (15 million) rank 2, 6 and 14, respectively. Yet,
while India ranks second in the world in terms of urban population
size, its current urbanization ratio is low compared to China (54%,
758 million), Indonesia (53%, 134 million), Mexico (79%, 98
million), Brazil (85%, 173 million) and Russia (74%, 105 million).6
India’s urban growth is largely concentrated in Class I cities with a
population of 100,000 or more (see Figure 1). As a result, the number
of metropolitan cities (Class IA and IB, with a population exceeding 1
million) has increased from 35 in 2001 to 53 in 2011, currently
accounting for 43% of India’s urban population (up from 38% in
2001), and is expected to be 87 by 2031. In turn, population growth in
smaller cities has tended to stagnate or slow down, with the share of
the population in Class II–IV+ cities decreasing from 31% in 2001 to
28% in 2015.
Figure 1: Overview of Urban Agglomerations in India7
Urban Infrastructure and Urban Services
22
According to the Government of India’s High Powered Expert

Committee (HPEC), approximately $640.2 billion is needed until
2031 for investment in urban infrastructure and services if India is to
maintain and accelerate economic growth (see Figure 2).8 The
investment required for the eight major sectors of urban infrastructure
(roads, transport, traffic support, street lighting, water supply,
sewerage, storm water drains and solid waste management) is
estimated at $506.3 billion. Approximately half of that amount is
needed in Class IA and IB cities alone; Class IC cities require 30%
and Class II–IV+ cities 20%. An additional $67.0 billion will be
needed for renewal and redevelopments of certain urban areas,
particularly slums, and $16.3 billion will be required for capacity
building of urban local bodies (ULBs) to ensure the availability of
sufficient skills to plan, develop and manage the required
infrastructure projects. Given the fact that the public sector is in no
position to bankroll investments of this magnitude, a significant
funding gap clearly exists for the Government of India for the
required investment in (urban) infrastructure. The HPEC estimates the
funding deficit at 0.15–0.39% of GDP per annum for the period
2012–2031, which amounts to a funding gap of $80– 110 billion. In
contrast, the Planning Commission’s Working Sub-Group on
Infrastructure estimates the funding gap in infrastructure in general to
be $238.4 billion for 2012–2017. Obviously the time periods, the
assumptions and the scope of infrastructure are different in the two
approaches. Yet, both estimates reveal that significant private
investment is required to satisfy India’s infrastructure needs.9
Living standards and business operations have been negatively
impacted by India’s inability to provide universal access to and
continuity of basic urban services. In 35 municipal corporations, the
average underspending on capital investments necessary to meet
minimum standards of services is 76%.
According to the HPEC, the current deficit in urban infrastructure and
service provision can be attributed to a combination of factors such as
chronic neglect of urban planning and infrastructure development by
state governments, the Government of India’s lack of leadership,
fragmented and/or overlapping institutional responsibilities, and low
recovery of operating and maintenance costs by utilities
23
Main Urban Development Challenges

The HPEC, the World Bank and the Confederation of Indian Industry
(CII) have each provided an analysis of the challenges affecting urban
development in India12. The main ones relate to: – Planning for land
use and zoning – Functioning of the property market and property
governance – Access to serviced land and affordable housing –
Access to mass transit systems and road networks – Division of power
and financial autonomy between ULBs and other levels of
government – Creating a favourable environment for starting,
operating and growing a business
According to the World Bank, the challenges have arisen from the
following governance deficits: – Empowerment deficit: Limited,
overlapping and fragmented functional assignments resulting in
unclear accountability at the city level – Resource deficit: Limited
revenue-generation powers and inappropriately targeted
intergovernmental transfers resulting in inadequate local government
financial resources – Accountability deficit: Despite elections and the
right to information, transparency structures, roles and mandates are
unclear – Delivery deficit: Insufficient provision and maintenance of
municipal services and networks
24
2.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

.Inclusiveness as poverty reduction - “ensuring an adequate flow of
benefits to the poor and the most marginalised,Inclusiveness as group
equality a growth process which is seen to be ‘fair’ by different socio-
economic groups that constitute [the Indian] society” ,Inclusiveness as
regional balance – “all States and all regions benefit from the growth
process” ,Inclusiveness and inequality ,Inequality must be kept within
tolerable limits. An increase in inequality with little or no
improvement in the living standards of the poor is a recipe for social
tensions, every child in India a fair opportunity in life, i.e. access to
good health and quality education.”Inclusiveness as empowerment – “
People demand opportunities as rights and want a say in how they are
administered. This brings to the fore issues of governance,
accountability and people’s participation ,covers access to information
about government schemes, knowledge of the relevant laws and how
to access justice. The growing concern with governance has also
focused attention on corruption.”
The Indian definition of “group equality” and “regional balance” can
be read as a relative definition of pro-poor growth, which would
“require the incomes of poor people to grow faster than those of the
population as a whole.”32 Yet, according to the World Bank, an
economy is better off with an absolute pro-poor growth approach. A
full macroeconomic assessment of this is beyond the scope of this
report, which can only try to raise awareness of this observation.33 If
the World Bank’s observation is correct, subsequent policies and their
implementation could result in lower investment in urban
infrastructure than needed.
2.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1. For achieving people’s awareness regarding the AMRUT
2. To promote the urbanization nation wide
3. To find out specific steps taken by states to inspire standard of
living.
4. To know mission and vision of AMRUT
25
2.5 SAMPLING
2.5.1 Population:
The target population of the study are every individual citizen aging
from 18 in India.
2.5.2 Sample of the study:
The researcher conducted an interview on all the stake holders namely
management staff, teachers, parents, and students. The total sample
size is 60.
2.5.3 Selection of the sample:
The sample for this study is Simple random sampling method was
used to pick the sample.
2.6 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION:
Primary data:
Primary data has been collected from first hand sources, using
methods like:
❖ Surveys ❖ Interviews ❖ Experiments
Secondary data:
❖ Websites ❖ Newspapers ❖ Journals and magazines those were
available to me with easy to access.
TOOLS USED IN THE STUDY:

The researcher prepared an interview schedule for each stakeholder.
.
2.8 DATA ANALYSIS:
On the basis of information collected through questionnaire. The
result thus obtained will be represented through charts and suitable
interpretation will be provided. Charts are used to display series of
numerical data and in graphical format to make it easier to understand
26
large quantities of data and the relationship between different series of

data. It is portrayed through.
CAPTER-3
COMPANY PROFILE
3.1 ATAL MISSION FOR REJUVENATION AND URBAN

TRANFORMATION In the past, the Government of India as well as
Indian states adopted various approaches to tackle the country’s urban
development challenges. Projects include the development of five
industrial corridors, of which only the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial
Corridor (DMIC) is under development. Private urban development
projects include the building of whole new towns such as Lavasa and
Palava. Since taking office, the new Government of India has
announced several policies and urban development initiatives. The
most prominent is the 100 Smart Cities programme, although other
initiatives have been launched such as the Redevelopment and Urban
Renewal of 500 Cities, the Regeneration of Heritage Cities and
various country-specific tie-ups. Furthermore, policies relevant to
urban development, such as the Make in India programme and the
Clean India Campaign, have been announced (see the box “Major
Policies Impacting Urban Development in India”).
Existing Indian urban development projects

Industrial corridors
27
The Government of India plans five industrial corridors that will

provide an impetus to planned urbanization and manufacturing (see
Figure 3). The DMIC is the only corridor currently under
development. A total of 24 smart cities (see “100 Smart Cities
programme,” below) are proposed under the DMIC, with the first
three planned for completion by 2019: Dholera in Gujarat, Shendra-
Bidkin in Maharashtra, and Global City in Haryana.18 The DMIC
aims “to create a strong economic base with a globally competitive
environment and state-of-the-art infrastructure to activate local
commerce, enhance foreign investments and attain sustainable
development”.19
The other four corridors are in the early stages of project
development. A master plan has been developed for three cities in the
Chennai-Bangalore Industrial Corridor (Punderi, Krishnapatnam and
Tumkur). States have been asked to identify cities in the Amritsar-
Delhi-Kolkata Industrial Corridor (ADKIC). The project influence
areas for DMIC and ADKIC are 150-200 km on either side of their
freight corridors.20 The influence areas for the other corridors are not
yet specific.
Figure 3-A: Planned Industrial Corridors (Overview)
28
Figure 3-B: Planned Industrial Corridors (Details)
City projects
Several new cities have been developed in India in recent years.
Prominent examples include Dholera SIR (Gujarat), Gujarat
International Finance Tec-City (Gujarat), Lavasa (Maharashtra),
Palava (Maharashtra), Gurgaon (Haryana), SmartCity Kochi (Kerala),
Haldia (West Bengal), Navi Mumbai Airport Influence Notified Area
(Maharashtra) and Wave City (National Capital Region). Dholera SIR
and Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT) are interesting
examples of mainly publicly driven urban development projects,
while Lavasa and Palava are examples of two privately driven urban
development projects.
New Indian urban development projects
100 Smart Cities programme
The 100 Smart Cities programme aims to revolutionize India’s urban
landscape.21 The Government of India is currently developing the
29
framework to operate the programme and is holding consultations

with key stakeholders, including state governments and ULBs, to
enable the identification of potential cities. The documents “Draft
Concept Note on Smart Cities” and “Record of Discussion Held with
Business and Non-Profit on the Smart City Scheme” were published
by the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) in September 2014.
The draft concept note on smart cities has been updated in December
2014. However, the Government of India has not yet adopted a final
definition of a “smart city”.22
The draft concept note indicates that the focus will be on improving
mobility and energy efficiency and on providing access to basic urban
services such as electricity, information and communication
technology (ICT), water supply, sanitation and solid waste
management 24 hours a day, seven days a week. All states and union
territories will be part of the programme. The focus is expected to be
on brownfield projects (96 cities out of 100).
So far, the indicated city identification criteria include: – One satellite
city for cities with a population of 4 million or more (9 cities) – Most
of the cities with a population of 1–4 million (approximately 35 out of
44 cities) – All state/union territory capitals, even if they have a
population of less than 1 million (17 cities) – Other cities that are
important for tourism or for religious or economic reasons (10 cities)
– Cities with a population of 0.2–1.0 million (25 cities)
Most of the infrastructure is expected to be developed and funded
either entirely as private investment or via PPPs. PPPs have been
frequently used in India, but have not always been applied
successfully or to their full potential.30 The MoUD has indicated that
a new PPP model for developing smart cities will be forthcoming.23
The contribution from the Government of India and state governments
will largely be through viability gap funding. Decisions on the final
concept, allocated budget and final city selections are expected in
February–April 2015, around the announcement of the national
budget.24
Redevelopment and urban renewal of 500 cities
The Government of India intends to redevelop and renew 500 cities,
although details of the programme have not yet been made public.
30
There are indications that the programme would include developing a

comprehensive policy on urbanization and strengthening ULBs to
oversee renewal efforts – the HPEC in its 2011 report calls it a New
Improved Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission. Cities
with 100,000 inhabitants or less – Class II–IV+ cities, according to
the suggested HPEC classification – would be included in the
programme (and not covered under the 100 Smart Cities programme).
Regeneration of heritage cities
Recently, the Government of India emphasized the relevance of
preserving the cultural and religious heritage of the nation, which was
partly addressed by the JNNURM. The MoUD launched therefore the
“Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY)”
on 21 January 2015.24.1 At the time of publication of this report no
further details have been available. The draft concept note on the 100
Smart Cities Programme mentions religious cities also as potential
target cities.
Country-specific tie-ups
The new administration has entered into various countryspecific
agreements since taking office in May 2014. A memorandum of
understanding has been signed between India and Japan to turn
Varanasi into a smart city with help from the city of Kyoto. The
United States has expressed interest in developing three smart cities
(Allahabad, Ajmer and Vishakhapatnam).25 India and China have
also signed three Gujarat-specific pacts.26
India’s Vision of Inclusive Growth and Economic Fundamentals
According to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD), inequality damages growth. The World Bank
adds that “inclusive growth is about raising the pace of growth27 and
enlarging the size of the economy, while levelling the playing field
for investment and increasing productive employment opportunities”
and “should be broad-based across sectors and inclusive of the large
part of a country’s labour force.”
The Government of India’s Twelfth Five Year Plan (20122017)
articulates the country’s official vision and aspiration of “Faster, More
Inclusive and Sustainable Growth” Achieving inclusive growth has
31
topped the Indian political agenda for several decades and has
recently been reiterated by the new administration.29 The Twelfth
Plan provides the official definition of inclusive growth by outlining
separately “growth”, “inclusiveness” and “sustainability”, and
provides core indicators for measuring the nation’s performance (see
Annex I).30 India defines inclusiveness by five aspects:31
1. Inclusiveness as poverty reduction - “ensuring an adequate flow of

benefits to the poor and the most marginalised”
2. Inclusiveness as group equality – “a growth process which is seen
to be ‘fair’ by different socio-economic groups that constitute [the
Indian] society”
3. Inclusiveness as regional balance – all States and all regions benefit
from the growth process
4. Inclusiveness and inequality –Inequality must be kept within
tolerable limits. An increase in inequality with little or no
improvement in the living standards of the poor is a recipe for social
tensions. [We need to give] every child in India a fair opportunity in
life, i.e. access to good health and quality education.”
5. Inclusiveness as empowerment –People demand opportunities as
rights and want a say in how they are administered. This brings to the
fore issues of governance, accountability and people’s participation
covers access to information about government schemes, knowledge
of the relevant laws and how to access justice. The growing concern
with governance has also focused attention on corruption.”
The Indian definition of “group equality” and “regional balance” can
be read as a relative definition of pro-poor growth, which would
“require the incomes of poor people to grow faster than those of the
population as a whole.”32 Yet, according to the World Bank, an
economy is better off with an absolute pro-poor growth approach. A
full macroeconomic assessment of this is beyond the scope of this
report, which can only try to raise awareness of this observation.33 If
the World Bank’s observation is correct, subsequent policies and their
implementation could result in lower investment in urban
infrastructure than needed.
32
India’s Economic Fundamentals34

Despite India’s immense potential, a third of the country’s population
lives in extreme poverty – possibly the highest incidence outside sub-
Saharan Africa. Many of its citizens still lack access to basic
sanitation, healthcare and quality schooling. Improving the standard
of living of the Indian population will require acceleration in growth.
However, India has experienced a slowdown since 2011. In 2013, its
economy grew by a modest 4.4% (see Figure 4). Improving
competitiveness to put growth on a more stable footing should
therefore be a priority for the new administration.
Figure 4: India’s GDP Performance
Dropping for the sixth consecutive edition, India ranks 71 out of 144
economies in the GCI 2014-2015 (down 11 places from 2013-2014;
see Figure 5). It is ranked the lowest among BRIC economies. The
rank differential with China (28) has grown from 14 places in 2007 to
43 today. While India’s GDP per capita was higher than China’s in
1991, today China is four times richer.35 This competitiveness divide
helps to explain the different trajectories of these two economies.
Figure 5: Performance of India and Peers on Global Competitiveness
(Note: higher value means better rank)
33
34
Figure 6: India in the 12 Pillars of the GCI 2014–2015
India’s slide in competitiveness rankings began in 2009, when its

economy was still growing at 8.5% (it even grew 10.3% in 2010).
However, even in 2009, doubts were cast about the durability of this
growth. Since then, the country has struggled to achieve even 5%
growth. The country has declined in multiple areas assessed by the
GCI since 2007, most strikingly in institutions, business
sophistication, financial market development and goods market
efficiency.
Figure 6, which presents India’s performance along the GCI’s 12
measured dimensions, sheds light on the main strengths and
weaknesses of the country’s competitiveness. Overall, India ranks
best in the more complex areas of innovation (49) and business
sophistication (57) but receives low marks in the more basic and
fundamental drivers of competitiveness. For instance, India ranks 98
on health and primary education. On a more positive note, India is on
track to achieve universal primary education, although the quality of
primary education remains poor (88), and it ranks a low 93 in higher
education and training. Furthermore, transport and electricity
35
infrastructure needs upgrading (87). Given the country’s strained

public fi nances, addressing the infrastructure gap will require very
strong participation by private and foreign investors.
While the institutional framework needs to improve for these
investments to materialize, there are encouraging signs. India has
achieved progress in combating corruption and now ranks 65. The
country’s overall business environment and market effi ciency (95,
down 10 places) are undermined by protectionism, monopolies and
various distortionary measures, including subsidies and administrative
barriers to entry and operation. It takes 12 procedures (130) and
almost a month to register a business (106). In addition, average taxes
for a typical registered firm amount to 63% of its profits (130).
Furthermore, the labour market is inefficient and rigid (112). These
factors contribute to the high cost of integrating more businesses into
the formal economy. According to some estimates, the informal sector
accounts for half of India’s economic output and 90% of its
employment.36 Therefore, it is imperative that the Government of
India create the right incentives for businesses to contribute their fair
share to the provision of public services.37
India achieves its lowest rank among the 12 dimensions in
technological readiness (121). Despite mobile telephony being almost
ubiquitous, India is one of the world’s least digitally connected
countries. Only 15% of Indians access the internet regularly, and
broadband internet remains the privilege of a very few. India’s knack
for frugal innovation should contribute to providing cheap solutions to
bridge this digital divide.
The fi nancial resources required to deliver basic services such as
sanitation and healthcare and to improve India’s physical and digital
connectivity are considerable (see Chapter 1). But India’s fiscal
situation remains a concern. With the exception of 2007, the
Government of India has consistently run defi cits since 2000. And
given the huge size of the informal sector, the tax base is relatively
narrow, representing less than 10% of GDP. In addition, over the past
several years India has had persistently high – in some years near
36
double-digit – inflation, reaching 9.5% in 2013. The Reserve Bank of

India, the country’s central bank, is torn between keeping interest
rates low to stimulate the faltering economy and tightening monetary
policy to stem inflation.
Improving competitiveness will yield India huge benefits. In
particular, it will help rebalance the economy and move the country
up the value chain, ensuring more solid and stable growth. This, in
turn, could result in the creation of more jobs for the country’s rapidly
growing population. Despite the abundance of low-cost labour, India
has a very narrow manufacturing base; manufacturing accounts for
less than 15% of India’s GDP.
37
CHAPTER-4
TABLE 4.1
DATA REPRESENTING THEIR AWARENESS OF AMRUT
PARTICULAR NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENT
YES 60 100%
NO 00 0%
MAY BE 0 0%
SOURCES: PRIMARY DATA

ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represents the 60 respondents are aware of
Amrut.
38
GRAPH 4.1
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTING THE AWARENESS OF AMRUT
Chart Title
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
NO OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE
YES NO MAY BE
INTERPRETATION: From the above graphical representation shows

that the majority of respondents are aware of the Amrut
39
TABLE 4.2
2. DATA REPRESENTING THE SOURCES OF AWARENESS
SL NO PARTICULAR NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENT
1 WEBSITES 13 21.7%
2 NEWSPAPERS 19 31.7%
3 ENDOSMENTS 14 23.3%
4 ANY OTHER 14 23.3%
TOTAL 60 100%
ANALYSIS: From the above table it represents, 13 respondents stated

that they got aware from the website, 19 from newspapers, 14 from
endorsement and 14 from other source.
40
GRAPH 4.2
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTING THE SOURCES OF AWARENESS
Chart Title
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
WEBSITE NEWSPAPER ENDOSMENTS ANY OTHER
NO OF REPONDENT PERCENTAGE Column1
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that 21.7% of respondents stated
that they got aware about Amrut from website, 31.7% from
newspapers, 23.3% from endorsement and 23.3% from other source.
41
TABLE 4.3
3.DATA REPRESENTING THE SAFISFACTION LEVEL OF

AMRUT IMPLEMENTATION
RESPONDENT
1 YES 30 50%
2 NO 6 10%
3 MAY BE 24 40%
TOTAL 100%
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represent that 30 responent are satisfied with
the implementation of Amrut and state yes, 6 respondents are not
satisfied with the implementation state no, 24 respondents state
maybe.
42
GRAPH 4.3
GRAPH REPRESENTING THE SAFISFACTION LEVEL OF

AMRUT IMPLEMENTATION
Chart Title
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
YES NO MAY BE
NO OF RESPONDENT Column1
INTERPRETATION:
From the above Graph it represent that 50% are satisfied with the
implementation of Amrut and state yes,10%are not satisfied with the
implementation and state no, 40% state maybe.
TABLE 4.4
43
4.DATA REPRESENTING CONTEXT ABOUT AMRUT
RESPONDEN
T
1 VERY 20 33.3%
SATISFIED
2 QUIT 13 21.6%
SATISFIED
3 NEITHER 20 33.3%
SATISFIED
4 RATHER 1 11.8%
SATISFIED
TOTAL 60 100%
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represents that the 20 number of respondents
are very satisfied with the context of Amrut, 13 respondents are quite
satisfied, 20 respondents are neither satisfied and 1 respondents are
rather satisfied.
GRAPH 4.4
44
GRAPH REPRESENTING CONTEXT ABOUT AMRUT
Chart Title
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
VERY SATISFIED QUITSATISFIED NEITHER SATISFIED RATHER SATISFIED
REPONDENR Column1
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that the 33.3% are very satisfied
with the context of Amrut, 21.6%are quite satisfied, 33.3% are neither
satisfied and 33.3% are rather satisfied.
TABLE 4.5
45
DATA REPRESENTING THE GOAL OF AMRUT

SL NO PARTICULAR RESPONDEN PERCENTAGE
T
1 URBANIZTION 31 51.6%
2 DEVELOPMEN 5 8.3%
T OF HUMAN
WELFARE
3 IMPROVE 7 11.6%
QUALITY OF
LIFE
4 ALL THE 17 28.3%
ABOVE
TOTAL 60 100%
ANALYSIS:
urbanization, 5 respondents are development of human welfare, 7
respondent are improve of quality of life and 17 respondent are all the
above.
GRAPH 4.5
46
GRAPH REPRESENTING THE GOAL OF AMRUT
Chart Title
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
REPONDENT PERCENTAGE
URBANIZATION DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN WELFARE

IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE ALL THE ABOVE
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that the 51.6% urbanization, 8.3%
are development of human welfare, 11.6% are human welfare and
28.3% are all the above .
TABLE 4.6
47
DATA REPRESENTING THE BEHAVIOUR OF PUBLIC

TOWARDS AMRUT
SL NO PARTICULAR REPONDENT PERCENTAGE

1 FRIENDLY 11 18.3%
2 INDIFFERENT 6 10%
3 RUDE 43 71.7%
TOTAL 60% 100%
ANALYSIS:
The above table shows that 11number of respondents feel the public
are friendly, 6 number of respondents feel the public are indifferent
and 43 number of respondents feel the public are rude to the Amrut.
GRAPH 4.6
48
GRAPH REPRESENTING THE BEHAVIOUR OF PUBLIC

TOWARDS AMRUT
Chart Title
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
FRIENDLY INDIFFERENT RUDE
INTERPRETATION:
The above graph shows that 18.3% feel the public are friendly, 10%
feel the public are indifferent and 71.7% respondents feel the public
are rude to the Amrut.
TABLE 4.7
49
DATA REPRESENTING THE REASONS FOR FAILURE OF

SUCH PROJECTS
PARTICULAR REPONDENT PERCENTAGE
1 NO PROPER 25 41.6%
ACTION PLAN
2 LACK OF 13 21.6%
INNOVATION
3 SLOW 12 20%
PROCESSING
4 ALL THE 10 16%
ABOVE
TOTAL 60 100%
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represents that the 25number of respondents
state because of no proper action plan, 13 respondents state because
of lack of innovation, 12 respondent state because of slow processing
and 10 respondent are all the above.
GRAPH 4.7
50
GRAPH REPRESENTATING THE REASONS FOR FAILURE OF

SUCH PROJECTS
Chart Title
30
25
20
15
10
0
NO PROPER ACTION PLAN LACK OF INNOVATION ALL THE ABOVE
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that the 41.6% because of no
proper action plan, 21.6% because of lack of innovation, 20%
because of slow processing and 16% all the above.
TABLE 4.8
51
DATA REPRESENTATING DO URBANIZATION PROMOTE

EMPLOYMENT

1 YES 37 67.6%
2 NO 11 18.3%
3 MAY BE 12 20%
TOTAL 60 100%
ANALYSIS:
say yes, 11 respondents say no, 12 respondent say maybe.
GRAPH 4.8
GRAPH REPRESENTATING DO URBANIZATION PROMOTE
EMPLOYMENT
52
Chart Title
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
YES NO MAY BE
INTRPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that the 67.6% are yes ,18.3% are
no and 20% are may be.
TABLE 4.9
DATA REPRESENTING DO URBANIZATION PROMOTE
STANDARD OF LIVING
53
RESPONSE
1 YES 48 80%
2 NO 4 6.6%
3 MAY BE 8 13.4%
TOTAL 60 100%
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represents that the 48number of respondents
GRAPH 4.9
GRAPH REPRESENTING DO URBANIZATION PROMOTE
STANDARD OF LIVING
54
Chart Title
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
NO OF RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
YES NO MAY BE
INTRPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that the 80% are yes ,6.6% are no
and 13.4% are may be.
TABLE 4.10
DATA REPRESENTING DO AMRUT PROVIDE
URBANIZATION
55
RESPONSE
1 YES 29 48.3%
2 NO 5 8.3%
3 MAY BE 26 43%
TOTAL 60 100%
ANALYSIS:
GRAPH 4.10
GRAPH REPRESENTING DO AMRUT PROVIDE
URBANIZATION
56
Chart Title
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
NO OF RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
YES NO MAY BE
INTRPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that the 48.3% are yes ,8.3% are
no and 43% are may be.
TABLE 4.11
DATA REPRESENTING EXPERIENCE TOWARDS THE
DEVELOPMENT
57
RESPONSE
1 HAPPY 9 15%
2 GOOD 8 13.3%
3 MODERATE 25 41.6%
4 WORST 18 30%
EXPERIENCE
TOTAL 60 100%
ANALYSIS:
feel happy, 8 respondents feel good,25 respondent feel moderate and
18 feel worst experience.
GRAPH 4.11
GRAPH REPRESENTING EXPERIENCE TOWARDS THE
DEVELOPMENT
58
Chart Title
30
25
20
15
10
0
HAPPY GOOD MODERATE WORST EXPERIENCE
NO OF REPONDENT PERCENTAGE Column1
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that the 15% feel happy, 13.3%
feel good,41.6% feel moderate and 30% feel worst experience.
TABLE 4.12
DATA REPRESENTING CONTRACTORS ATTITUDE
TOWARDSPUBLIC
59
RESPONDENT
1 YES 40 66.6%
2 NO 20 33.4%
TOTAL 60 100%
SOURCE:PRIMARY DATA
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represents that the 40 respondents are say yes
and 20 respondents say no.
GRAPH 4.12
GRAPH REPRESENTING CONTRACTOR ATTITUDE
TOWARDS PUBLIC
60
Chart Title
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
YES Column1
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that the 66.6% are yes and 33.4%
are no.
TABLE 4.13
DATA REPRESENTING PROBLEMS FACED DURING THE
PROCESS
61
RESPONDEN
T
1 DAMAGED 40 66%
ROADS
2 TRAFFIC JAM 2 3.3%
3 POTHOLES 5 8.3%
4 WATER 13 21.6%
STAGNATIO
N
TOTAL 60 100%
SOURCE:PRIMARY DATA
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represents that the 40 respondent are
damaged road,2 respondent are traffic jam,5 respondent are
potholes,13 responents are water stagnation
GRAPH 4.13
62
GRAPH REPRESENTING PROBLEMS FACED DURING THE

PROCESS
Chart Title
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
DAMAGED ROADS TRAFFIC JAM POTHOLES WATER STAGNATION
NO OF RESPONDENTS Column1
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that the 66% are damaged roads,
3.3% are traffic,8.3% are potholes and 21.6% are water stagnation.
TABLE 4.14
63
DATA REPRESENTING INNOVATION IS USED IN AMRUT
RESPONDEN
T
1 YES 22 36%
2 NO 31 51.6%
3 MAY BE 9 15%
TOTAL 60 100%
SOURCE:PRIMARY DATA
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represents that the 22 respondent say yes and
31 respodent say no and 9 say may be .
GRAPH 4.14
DATA REPRESENTING INNOVATION IS USED IN AMRUT
64
Chart Title
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
YE NO MAY BE
NO OF REPONDENT Column1
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that 36% are yes ,51.65% are no
and 15% are may be.
TABLE 4.15
DATA REPRESENTING PERFORMANCE LEVEL OF AMRUT
65
RESPONDENTS
1 GOOD 23 38.3%
2 MODERATE 22 36%
3 BAD 15 25%
TOTA 60 100%
L
SOURCE:PRIMARY DATA
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represents that the 23 respondent say good
and 22 respodent say moderate and 15 say bad .
GRAPH 4.15
66
GRAPH REPRESENTING PERFORMANCE LEVEL OF AMRUT
Chart Title
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
NO OF RESPONDENCE PERCENTAGE
GOOD MODERATE BAD
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that 38.3% are good,36% are
moderate,25% are bad.
TABLE 4.16
DATA REPRESENTING ULTIMATE VISION OF AMRUT
67
RESPONDENTS
1 ROBUST 20 33.3
SEWAGE %
NETWORK
2 ENSURING 10 16.66%
WATER
SUPPLY
3 REDUCE 12 20%
POLLUTION
4 ALL THE 18 30%
ABOVE
TOTA 60 100%
L
SOURCE:PRIMARY DATA
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represents that 20 respondent are robust
sewage network,10 respodent are ensuring water supply,12 respodent
are reduce pollution and 18 respodent are all the above
GRAPH 4.16
GRAPH REPRESENTING ULTIMATE VISION OF AMRUT
68
Chart Title
25
20
15
10
0
ROBUST SEWAGE ENSURING WATER REDUCE POLLUTION ALL THE ABOVE
NETWORK SUPPLY
NO OF RESPONDENTS Column1
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents 33.3% are robust sewage
network,16.66% are ensuring water supply,20% are reduce
pollution,30% are all the above.
TABLE 4.17
69
DATA REPRESENTING IS AMRUT RECEIVING 100%

SUPPORT FROM PUBLIC
RESPONDENTS
1 GOOD 28 46.66%
2 MODERATE 20 33.33%
3 BAD 12 20%
TOTA 60 100%
L
SOURCE:PRIMARY DATA
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represents that the 28 respondent say good ,20
respodent say moderate and 12 respodent say bad.
GRAPH 4.17
70
GRAPH REPRESENTING IS AMRUT RECEIVING 100%

SUPPORT FROM PUBLIC
Chart Title
30
25
20
15
10
0
GOOD MODERATE BAD
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that the 46.66% good ,33.33% are
moderate and 20% are bad.
TABLE 4.18
71
DATA REPRESENTING DOES AMRUT GIVES 100% HELP TO

THE NEEDY
1 YES 40 66.66%
2 NO 8 13.3%
3 MAY BE 12 20%
TOTAL 60 100%
SOURCE:PRIMARY DATA
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represents that the 40 respondent say yes ,8
respodent say no and 12 respodent may be.
GRAPH 4.18
72
GRAPH REPRESENTING DOES AMRUT GIVES 100% HELP TO

THE NEEDY
Chart Title
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
YES NO MAY BE
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that the 66.65% say yes ,13.33%
say no and 20% say may be.
TABLE 4.19
73
DATA REPRESENTING IS URBANIZATION RATIO 32% IS

SUFFICIENT
1 YES 37 67.6%
2 NO 8 13.3%
3 MAY BE 14 23.33%
TOTAL 60 100%
ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represents that the 37 respondent say yes ,8
respodent say no and 14 respodent say may be.
GRAPH 4.19
74
GRAPH REPRESENTING IS URBANIZATION RATIO 32% IS

SUFFICIENT
Chart Title
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
YES NO MAY BE
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that the 67.6% say yes ,13.33%
say no and 23.33% say may be.
TABLE 4.20
DATA REPRESENTING PUBLIC RATING TOWARDS AMRUT.
RESPONDENT
1 100 0 0%
2 80 0 0%
3 60 22 36.6%
4 40 38 63.4%
TOTAL 60 100%
SOURCES: PRIMARY DATA ANALYSIS:
From the above table it represents public ratings towards amrut.0 respondence for 100% ,
0respondence for 80%,22 respondence for 60%and 48 respondence for 40%.
75
GRAPH 4.11
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION of public rating towards AMRUT.
Chart Title
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
100 80 60 40
NO OF RESPONDENT Column1
INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph it represents that represents public ratings towards amrut.0 respondence for
100% ,0respondence for 80%,36.6% respondence for 60%and 63.4%respondence for 40%.
76
CHAPTER-5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND
SUGGESTIONS
5.1 FINDINGS:
➢ Graph 4.1 found that the majority of respondents are aware of
theAMRUT.
Graph 4.2 From the above graph it represents that 21.7% of
respondents stated that they got aware about Amrut from website,
31.7% from newspapers, 23.3% from endorsement and 23.3% from
other source.
➢ Graph 4.3 From the above Graph it represent that 50% are satisfied
with the implementation of Amrut and state yes,10%are not satisfied
with the implementation and state no, 40% state maybe.
➢ Graph 4.4 From the above graph it represents that the 33.3% are
very satisfied with the context of Amrut, 21.6%are quite satisfied,
33.3% are neither satisfied and 33.3% are rather satisfied.
➢ Graph 4.5 From the above graph it represents that the 51.6%
urbanization, 8.3% are development of human welfare, 11.6% are
human welfare and 28.3% are all the above .
77
➢ Graph 4.6 The above graph shows that 18.3% feel the public are
friendly, 10% feel the public are indifferent and 71.7% respondents
feel the public are rude to the Amrut.
➢ Graph 4.7 From the above graph it represents that the 41.6%
because of no proper action plan, 21.6% because of lack of
innovation, 20% because of slow processing and 16% all the above.
➢ Graph 4.8 found that above graph it represents that the 80% are
yes ,6.6% are no and 13.4% are may be.
.
➢ Graph 4.9 it represents that the 48.3% are yes ,8.3% are no and
43% are may be..
➢ Graph 4.10 graph it represents that the 66.6% are yes and 33.4%
are no.
➢ Graph 4.11 it represents that the 15% feel happy, 13.3% feel
good,41.6% feel moderate and 30% feel worst experience.
.
➢ Graph 4.12 graph it represents that the 66.6% are yes and 33.4%
are no.
➢ Graph 4.13 it represents that the 66% are damaged roads, 3.3% are
traffic,8.3% are potholes and 21.6% are water stagnation.
➢ Graph 4.14 graph it represents that 36% are yes ,51.65% are no
and 15% are may be.
78
➢ Graph 4.15 it represents that 38.3% are good,36% are

moderate,25% are bad.
 ➢ Graph 4.16 graph graph it represents 33.3% are robust
sewage network,16.66% are ensuring water supply,20% are
reduce pollution,30% are all the above.
 4.17graph it represents that the 46.66% good ,33.33% are
moderate and 20% are bad.,
➢ Graph 4.18 From the above graph it represents that the 66.65% say
yes ,13.33% say no and 20% say may be.
➢ Graph 4.19 From the above graph it represents that the 67.6% say
yes ,13.33% say no and 23.33% say may be.
➢ Graph 4.120 From the above graph it represents that represents public ratings towards
amrut.0 respondence for 100% ,0respondence for 80%,36.6% respondence for 60%and
63.4%respondence for 40%.
5.2 CONCLUSION:
The key instrument to achieve social, territorial and economic development within and
between countries is spatial planning. The primary role of spatial planning is the integration
of housing, strategic infrastructure and urban infrastructure and the improvement of national
and local governance in the context of urban development. Spatial planning has both a
regulatory and a developmental function. The developmental mechanism is essential to the
provision of services and infrastructure, establishing the direction for urban development and
establishing incentives for investment within environmental and social constraints. Effective
spatial planning helps avoid duplication of effort by actors such as national and state
governments, commercial developers, communities and individuals. Spatial planning has
79
been possible in many countries through structural and fundamental reforms of their planning
systems. For India, the advantages of developing an integrated and dynamic national spatial
strategy include: – Promoting territorial cohesion to deliver balanced social and economic
development of the states and improve national competitiveness – Improving the relationship
between national and statelevel urban development functions – Promoting more balanced
accessibility and connectivity – Facilitating nationwide access to information and knowledge
– Ensuring development with sustainability – Enhancing cultural heritage conservation –
Developing and sustaining strategic infrastructure
– Encouraging economic sectors such as industry, services and sustainable tourism –
Limiting the impact of natural disasters and improving disaster recovery Critical activities to
be carried out when developing a national spatial strategy include the following: effective
allocation of competencies; establishment of key regulations and urban frameworks at the
national level; development of 15- to 20-year economic, social and spatial strategies; and
implementation of public participatory forums to implement these policies and strategies at
the local level. In some cases, current ways of carrying out these activities may need to be
revised. In principle, competencies should rest with the lowest level of government. The
allocation of competencies needs to take into account the capacity of different levels of
government to achieve the desired outcomes, as stated in the national spatial strategy. The
national government should take the lead in creating an integrated spatial planning system
that encourages investment and facilitates sustainable development. This will be done
primarily by setting the right conditions for the operation of effective spatial planning at the
state and local levels. A key role for the national government is to ensure that administrations
cooperate and share competencies to develop plans that are in conformity across geographical
and sectorial boundaries. Other roles of the national government in spatial planning include: –
 Promoting a shared strategic vision and establishing priority outcomes for spatial
development –
 Developing a legislative framework that enables the creation of spatial planning
instruments and policy at different spatial scales through democratic and participatory
procedures .
 Utilizing incentives and sanctions to ensure effective cooperation across sectors and
administrative boundaries, as well as between multiple levels of government.
 Supervising spatial planning at the regional and local levels .
 Monitoring spatial development trends and the impact of spatial planning .
 Ensuring that all national ministries and departments understand the effects of their
policies and actions on spatial development and the need for coordinated policy and
action .
 Supporting and advising regional and local governments and helping to build capacity
at all levels
 Managing and regulating issues of national and international significance in
collaboration with regional and local authorities .
 Creating national agencies to act as liaisons when working in partnership with
regional and local governments on matters requiring urgent and special attention The
roles of state governments in spatial planning include.
 Preparing spatial strategies by collaborating with regional and local stakeholders –
Planning and delivering regionally significant infrastructure across local boundaries.
80
 Using environmental assessment and appraisal methodologies for regionally

significant projects
 Ensuring that local spatial planning conforms to national and regional strategies .
 Providing information and analysis on regional spatial development trends for
national and local governments .
Assisting in capacity building at the local level through guidance, training and interpretation
of legislation The main tasks at the regional level are to interpret and adapt national policies
and priorities to regional conditions, provide a strategic plan that addresses the functional
planning relationships and overall development patterns, and provide guidance and assistance
to local authorities in the creation of local planning instruments. Regional government should
use spatial planning as a tool to ensure greater coherence and integration among economic
development, environmental resources, sustainable development, rural development, heritage,
and culture and tourism strategies. Special agencies can be established to deliver major and
critical infrastructure and urban development programmes. These agencies should have
specific roles to address particular planning issues that require urgent and concentrated
attention, such as the development of new settlements or the regeneration of old industrial
zones. For India to take on board this recommendation, the Government of India would have
to initiate comprehensive work on developing a national spatial strategy by the end of 2015
and link it to the ongoing activities of the industrial corridors programme, the Smart Cities
programme and other urban planning and regeneration initiatives.
5.3 SUGGESTIONS:
Like governments around the world, India faces an acute need to provide new or modernized
infrastructure and public services. Investors evaluate an infrastructure or urban development
opportunity in relation to other asset classes such as government bonds, equity markets and
private equity. In other words, investors evaluate not just how to invest in infrastructure but
whether to invest in it at all. Many investors, particularly long-term ones such as pension
funds, insurance companies and sovereign wealth funds, want to allocate more capital to
infrastructure, but struggle to find bankable projects. A significant mismatch exists between
the need for infrastructure projects and the capital made available by investors. While both
investors and political leaders can take steps to address this disconnect, governments can
enhance the viability of infrastructure projects and attract private capital for the public good.
81
It is imperative to appreciate the perspective of investors, who assess infrastructure projects

against a multitude of options in other asset classes and countries. In this context, countries
with more effective regulatory environments and credible project pipelines will attract more
investment at a lower cost. Fortunately, the most critical policies that interest private finance
also tend to benefit society. This underscores a key point: governments can seek private
investment while achieving the ultimate goal of creating broader economic value and societal
benefit. Based on interviews with major global infrastructure investors, the following specific
actions for governments are recommended: Have a strategic vision for infrastructure. A
credible vision and clear project pipeline can mitigate investor uncertainty and public
scepticism and can trigger productive collaboration between government and investors. Key
components in this are: –
1 Credible project pipeline. Develop an ongoing project pipeline linked to a national vision
and strategy to enhance attractiveness. A set of realistic, comprehensive opportunities instead
of ad hoc procurements will help investors see value in building capabilities and expertise in
India.
2Viable role for investors. Prioritize projects for privatesector financing that are most likely
to interest investors and achieve value for money for the public. Capital recycling – that is,
3 leasing or selling existing brownfield assets to raise funds for greenfield projects – should
be considered. – Communication strategy. Proactively address the benefits of, and public
concerns about, private- and possible foreign-investor ownership in infrastructure,
particularly by clarifying the difference between “ownership” and “control”. Create policy
and regulatory enablers. A supportive policy and regulatory environment must underpin any
strategic vision. Investors frequently cite four main policy impediments: – Renegotiation risk.
The strain on Government of India balance sheets, coupled with several recent high-profile
regulatory decisions, has positioned political risk – and specifically renegotiation risk – as a
critical concern for many
The Government of India has outlined ambitious plans for rapid urbanization to enable of
“Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable Growth”. To date, the Government of India past and
present has sought to deliver rapid urbanization by introducing specific legislation such as the
introduction of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act and through various initiatives such as the creation of
five industrial corridors, “Make in India” and “100 Smart Cities” programmes. The Forum
welcomes the steps that the Government of India has already taken and suggests that it
consider implementing the following strategic recommendations to realize its vision: 1.
Integrate spatial planning at all governmental levels: national, state and city 2. Create a stable
policy framework for private investment in urban infrastructure 3. Create institutions to
stimulate capacity building and attract talent to grow businesses It is suggested that the
administration continue its consultations with industry and infrastructure partners, as well as
civil society to get a balanced view of actions needed to achieve these plans. Fast, measurable
and impactful action is necessary. There is a strong desire on the part of the Forum Industry
Partners to continue engaging in India on infrastructure and urban development initiatives.
Roundtable discussion will be convened in India in collaboration with Industry Partners early
in 2015 to support the Government of India with its ambitious plans.
82
ANNEXURES
QUESTIONNAIRES
DEAR SIR MADAM
I’m SUMAN K pursuing my MBA in SRI GOKULA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT
STUDIES (PG BLOCK) KOLAR, from BENGALURU NORTH UNIVERSITY. As I’m doing a research on AN
EMPERICAL STUDY ON IMPACT OF AMRUT YOGAN. These questionnaires are a part of my research
work. I assure you that the data collected will be confidential and will be used only for research
work.
NAME:
1. what is your gender?
o Male
o Female
o Prefer not to say
2. which age group do you belong?
o Below 20 years
o21-25
o 26-30
o 30 & above
3.what is your highest qualification?
o High school
o Diploma degree
o Graduate o Under graduate
o Post graduate
4. what is your employment status?
o Student
o Employed for wage o Self-employed or entrepreneur
o Not working
5. Are you aware of the AMRUT?
o Yes
o No
o May be
6. If yes, specify the sources from which you came to know?
83
o website
o newspaper
o endosment
o Any other
7.your context about AMRUT implementation in your city?
o Strongly agree
o Fair
o Agree
o Disagree
o Strongly disagree
8. Is the overall environment satisfied on developments of AMRUT?
o Very satisfied
o Quite satisfied
o Neither satisfied
o Rather satisfied
9. How is the behaviour contractors towards public?
o Friendly
o Indifferent
o Rude
10. What are all the reasons for failure of such projects?
o no action plan
o Lack of innovation
o Slow processing
o All the above
11. Do urbanization support human well being ?
o Yes
o No
o May be
12. For India s urban pullulation are u satisfied with urbanization of 32% in India
o Yes
o No
84
o May be
13. your inference about implementation of AMRUT
o Urbanization
o Develop human well being
o Improve quality of living
o All the above
14. Is innovations used in AMRUT?
o Strongly agree
o Fair
o Agree
o Disagree
o Strongly disagree
15. what are reasons for failure of such projects?
o No required fund allocation
o lack of innovation
o slow processing
o All of the above
16. How would you rate AMRUT?
o Highly satisfied o Satisfied
o Dis satisfied
o Fully not satisfied
17. Will urbanisation have positive impact on economy?
o Strongly agree
o Fair
o Agree
o Disagree
o Strongly disagree
18. Hardships face in durning the process of AMRUT
o Damaged roads
85
o Traffic jams
o potholes
o water stagnation
19.Are u aware of changes in your recent environment?
o Fully aware
o Aware
o Partially aware
o Not aware
20. Do you think AMRUT supports employment?
o Yes
o No
o May be
21. How is the performance level of parks constructions in your locality ?
o Good
o Moderate
o Bad
22.Do you support urbanization?
o Yes
o No
o May be
23. what are reasons for failure of such projects?
o No required fund allocation
o lack of innovation
o slow processing
o All of the above
24.how much would u rate for AMRUT
o 100%
o 80%
o 60%
o 40%
86
87

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An empirical study on impact of Amrut Yogan in KGF

The Priority zone of the Mission is water supply followed by sewerage.

STROM WATER DRAINAGE

Organisational Chart for AMRUT as on 09.12.2019

 Adviser (CPHEEO) Member

Institutional Capacity Building

1.2 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

It is important that we view our cities as ‘urban platforms’. An integrated

An integrated city development requires movement on multiple fronts. On the one

Urbanisation on upswing in India

INDIAS urban infrasture

We need to make changes as we face urbanisation. The challenges of urbanisation

Private mode of transport is dominant in India. There is a heavy reliance on private

On a separate note, public mode of transport is gradually decreasing in terms of

water and waste management

NEED OF THE STUDY

10.More jobs and other economic opportunities

of environmental impact assessments and makes them mandatory for any urban

REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND RESEARCH DESIGN

India aims to achieve “Faster, More Inclusive and Sustainable

services. Once the policy environment is stable and the right

REPORT BY WORLD ECNOMIC FORUM(2018)

Urban Development in India

while India ranks second in the world in terms of urban population

Urban Infrastructure and Urban Services

investment required for the eight major sectors of urban infrastructure

Main Urban Development Challenges

Urban Infrastructure and Urban Services

According to the Government of India’s High Powered Expert

Main Urban Development Challenges

2.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

TOOLS USED IN THE STUDY:

large quantities of data and the relationship between different series of

3.1 ATAL MISSION FOR REJUVENATION AND URBAN

Existing Indian urban development projects

The Government of India plans five industrial corridors that will

Figure 3-A: Planned Industrial Corridors (Overview)

Figure 3-B: Planned Industrial Corridors (Details)

framework to operate the programme and is holding consultations

There are indications that the programme would include developing a

1. Inclusiveness as poverty reduction - “ensuring an adequate flow of

India’s Economic Fundamentals34

Figure 6: India in the 12 Pillars of the GCI 2014–2015

India’s slide in competitiveness rankings began in 2009, when its

infrastructure needs upgrading (87). Given the country’s strained

double-digit – inflation, reaching 9.5% in 2013. The Reserve Bank of

SOURCES: PRIMARY DATA

INTERPRETATION: From the above graphical representation shows

ANALYSIS: From the above table it represents, 13 respondents stated

NO OF REPONDENT PERCENTAGE Column1

3.DATA REPRESENTING THE SAFISFACTION LEVEL OF

GRAPH REPRESENTING THE SAFISFACTION LEVEL OF

4.DATA REPRESENTING CONTEXT ABOUT AMRUT

SOURCES: PRIMARY DATA

GRAPH REPRESENTING CONTEXT ABOUT AMRUT

DATA REPRESENTING THE GOAL OF AMRUT

SOURCES: PRIMARY DATA

GRAPH REPRESENTING THE GOAL OF AMRUT

URBANIZATION DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN WELFARE