AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH

Faculty of Engineering
Laboratory Report Cover Sheet

Students must complete all details except the faculty use part.

Please submit all reports to your subject supervisor or the office of the concerned faculty.

Laboratory Title: Study of performance of a simple over current relay.

Experiment Number: 04 Due Date: 22-2-2021 Semester: Spring 20-21
Subject Code: EEE_____ Subject Name: Power system protection lab Section: A
Course Instructor: SUSMITA GHOSH Degree Program: BSc. Engg. (EEE)

Declaration and Statement of Authorship:

1. I/we hold a copy of this report, which can be produced if the original is lost/ damaged.
2. This report is my/our original work and no part of it has been copied from any other student’s work or from any other source except where due
acknowledgement is made.
3. No part of this report has been written for me/us by any other person except where such collaboration has been authorized by the lecturer/teacher
concerned and is clearly acknowledged in the report.
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I/we understand that
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Group Number (if applicable): 7 Individual Submission Group Submission

No. Student Name Student Number Student Signature Date

Submitted by:

1 Md. Riazul Islam 18-37164-1 22-2-21

Group Members:

2 Md. Nafim Mahmud Bhuiyan 18-36352-1 22-2-21

3 Ariful Islam 18-36322-1 22-2-21

4 Goutam Biswas 18-36356-2 22-2-21

5 Mukit, Abdul-al 15-29864-2 22-2-21

For faculty use only: Total Marks: _______

Faculty comments_________________________ Marks Obtained: _______

________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
Title: Study of performance of a simple over current relay

Introduction:

Protection against excess current was naturally the earliest protection system to evolve. From this basic
principle, the graded overcurrent system, a discriminative fault protection, has been developed. This
should not be confused with ‘overload’ protection, which normally makes use of relays that operate
in a time related in some degree to the thermal capability of the plant to be protected. Overcurrent
protection, on the other hand, is directed entirely to the clearance of faults, although with the settings
usually adopted some measure of overload protection may be obtained.

Fig: 1

Theory and Methodology:

Protective relay senses the abnormal conditions in any part of a power system and gives an alarm or
isolates the faulty part from the healthy system. The relays are compact, self contained devices which
respond to abnormal conditions.
The relays distinguish between normal and abnormal condition. Whenever an abnormal condition
develops, the relays close its contacts. Thereby the trip circuit of the CB is closed. Then the contacts
of the CB is opened and the faulty part is disconnected from the supply.
The functions of a protective relaying include the following:
1) To sound an alarm or close the trip circuit of the CB so as to disconnect a component during an
abnormal condition in the component. The abnormal condition include- overload, under voltage,
temperature rise, balanced load, reverse power under frequency, short circuit etc.
2) To disconnect the abnormal operating part so as to prevent the subsequent fault.
3) To disconnect the faulty part quickly so as to minimize the damage to the faulty part
4) To localize the effect of fault by disconnecting the faulty part from the healthy part, causing least
disturbances to the healthy system
5) To disconnect the faulty part quickly so as to improve the system stability, service continuity and
system performance

Over Current Relay Ratings :

In order for an over current protective device to operate properly, over current protective device ratings
must be properly selected. These ratings include voltage, ampere and interrupting rating. If the
interrupting rating is not properly selected, a serious hazard for equipment and personnel will exist.
Current limiting can be considered as another over current protective device rating, although not all
over current protective devices are required to have these characteristic:
Voltage Rating: The voltage rating of the over current protective device must be at least equal to or
greater than the circuit voltage. The over current protective device rating can be higher than the
system voltage but never lower.
Ampere Rating: The ampere rating of an over current protecting device normally should not exceed the
current carrying capacity of the conductors As a general rule, the ampere rating of an over current
protecting device is selected at 130% of the continuous load current.

Apparatus:

1) Electromagnetic relay
2) Two bulbs
3) DC source
4) Clamp Meter

Experimental Procedure:

Step1: 1st we’ve to Connect a variable 12V dc source to the coil between the terminals 13 and 14 of the
relay.
Step2: Than Connect a 230 V 1φ ac source to the terminals 9,1 and 5 of the relay across two 40 watt
incandescent bulb as shown in the figure.

Step3: After that Keeping the variable dc source to zero volt, switch on the source across the relay coil.
Then switch the 230V ac supply on to the bulbs. As the contacts 9 and 1 is normally closed, the bulb
(B1) across it will glow but not the bulb (B2)
Now, the variable dc source is increased, when the current flow through the relay coil exceeds a certain
value the relay activates, then the normally closed contact is opened and consequently the bulb (B1)
will be off; and the normally open contact will be closed and consequently the bulb (B2) will glow.

Discussion:

This experiment was about a simple over-current relay that is going to be determined. Naturally, the
earliest protection system to evolve was excess current protection. Over-current protection is
entirely aiming at defect clearance. This should not be confused with 'overload' protection. So our
primary objective of doing this experiment was accomplished. We can not experiment physically,
however, due to the pandemic situation of COVID 19. Instead of experimenting in the lab, a video
provided by our class teacher observes the experiment in a classroom.

Conclusion:

Due to the saleability of our laboratory, via a recording, we watch the entire experiment. Because of
The pandemic scenario of COVID 19, but we are using the objective experiment effectively. We
Understood all the specifications very well which is required to fulfill this lab objective. That;s why
we can say that the lab was done successfully.
Reference(s):

1) AIUB Lab Manual

2) “Electric Power Systems: A Conceptual Introduction” by Alexandra Von Meier
3) “Switchgear Protection and Power Systems” by Sunil S Rao.